Bagal (caste) - Knowledge

2790:, while the migrant cattle herders were referred to as Ahir Gaura, to distinguish them from the Odisha counterparts. In the census, these types of smaller and ambiguous enumerations, such as Bagals, are grouped together with the majority occupational nomenclature, although they differ in hierarchical rank and social status. The 1901 census figures of Ahir also include 530 males and 548 females who identified as Animistic by religion. Among them, 1,051 individuals were recorded in Chota Nagpur Tributary States, 26 in the Ranchi and 1 in the Tributary States of Orissa. The Mayurbhanj state census also emphasized this fact in this way: "It has been observed above that the Goalas style themselves Gohalas in this State, . The two names are interchangeable, in the same way as Goala is interchangeable with Ahir. Various aboriginal tribes in the Chhotanagpur plateau have gradually come to be known as Goala, though they do not belong to the true Goala caste. In 1901, the figures for Mahakur were included in Goala, the Mahakurs being described as a wandering tribe who hailed from Orissa and came into the jungles of Ranchi district to graze buffaloes." 1845:(cattle herder-cum-domestic servant) in agriculturist household. As they enter puberty, endeavor to acquire skills in agricultural practices and other sustainable work. In contrast, the first menstruation of girls does not receive significant observance, except among affluent families who may organize a fest. When boys and girls reach a suitable age for marriage, their families undertake the task of finding an appropriate spouse from within their endogamous subdivision, which can be accomplished through various methods including negotiation, courtship, mutual consent, intrusion, exchange, or coercion. The Bagal community recognizes four primary types of marriage: 2282:, the second Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission of India. On the other hand, the Bagals of Odisha have been left out of these committee reports, instead proposed for inclusion in the Scheduled Tribes list. Moreover, as the Bagal caste is not included in any notified category in any of these states, they are considered part of the general population. In light of this, some Bagal people are asserting themselves as belonging to other notified communities to avail government-sponsored welfare benefits and constitutional privileges of 2929:

the same stock. It's also worth noting that, apart from the Magadha Bagal and the other three groups found in the undivided Medinipur district, tribal behavior is mostly associated with the Krishna Bagal group. The Bagals of Mayurbhanj do not recognize such divisions among themselves. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive anthropological report available apart from the Bagals of Midnapore, so the socio-cultural characteristics, social position, and formation history of the community may vary with respect to other regions and groups.

1786:, and women wore sarees above the knee without blouses and petticoats. Later, they improved to white dhoti and sarees with red or black stripes on both ends. Nowadays, men wear pant-shirts, and women wear saree-blouses, which constitute the general dressing style of India. Similarly, in cultural aspects, they progressively embraced aspects of Hindu culture. Birth, death, and marriage rituals are now being conducted with the assistance of priestly, barber, and washerman castes, as well as the son-in-law, to uphold the 845: 498: 1100:, specifically by the upper Hindu castes. For instance, in their agricultural operations, only members of the Munda ethnolinguistic tribes work for them and often exchange labour. Conversely, the caste-based society, including those from the Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic tribes, accept Bagals as labourers, but vice versa isn't accepted. Similar norms are followed regarding food habits and socio-cultural activities. In a broader sense, they fall into the 1599:, but those groups don't accept their claim. Nevertheless, the Bagals residing in the undivided Midnapore region recount a migration narrative wherein their ancestors relocated from the former Bihar, with a smaller number originating from Mayurbhanj. In the 1931 census, 3 percent of Bagals in Mayurbhanj were identified as immigrants from Midnapore and Singhbhum. Scholars and ethnographers, upon examining the Bagal caste's 1999:, and Bonkumari, among others, attributing to them blessings and positive influences. Conversely, they recognize the presence of malevolent spirits, including Dan-buri/Dahini-buri, Bisay-chandi, Sangee-hangkar, Kalia-kundra, Baria, Baram, Churkin, Go-muha, Sat-bahini, Joka, Jhapri, Dhan-kundra, Kapua, Bagut, and others, capable of causing harm and misfortune. To prevent it, they perform apotropaic rituals involving the 4426:'ବଗାଳ' ଜାତିର ଲୋକମାନେ ଦେଖିବାକୁ କୃଷ୍ଣବର୍ଣ୍ଣ । କୃଷି କର୍ମ ଉପରେ ବିଶେଷ ଭାବରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରିବା ସଂଗେ ସଂଗେ ବଣ ଜଙ୍ଗଲମାନଙ୍କରେ ଗୋରୁଗାଈ ଓ ମଇଁଷି ଆଦି ଗୃହପାଳିତ ପଶୁଙ୍କୁ ଚରାଇବା ହେଉଛି ଏମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଧାନ ପେଷା । ଗଉଡ଼ମାନଙ୍କର ପରି ଜୀବିକା ଅର୍ଜ୍ଜନ କଲେ ହେଁ ଏମାନେ ଅନୁନ୍ନତ ଶ୍ରେଣୀୟ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ତେଣୁ 'ଅହିରା ଗଉଡ' ବୋଲି ଏମାନେ ମୟୂରଭଞ୍ଜରେ ପରିଚିତ । ଆଚାର ଓ ବିଚାରରେ ଆଦିବାସୀମାନଙ୍କ ପରି ଏମାନେ ହାଣ୍ଡିଆ ଓ ମଦପାନ କରନ୍ତି ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସଙ୍ଗେ ବସବାସ କରିବାକୁ ଭଲପାଆନ୍ତି । 29: 5102:, p. 84: "They are distributed in the Ichagarh, Itagarh, Gobardhan, Urughutu, Khokhro, Dandru, Khaibani, Bang, Roldi, Kolkapur, Potka, Jahatu, Juri Sarmuda, Nuagaun of Potka Haludpukhur area in the Singhbhum district. In Orissa, they are found in the Mayurbhanj district in Murudia, and in the Sadar sub-division. In West Bengal they reside in Purulia and Medinipur district." 2946:(ɭ), "ळ" and "ଳ" phonemes in the Devanagari and Odia scripts, respectively. This sound is variously transcribed as "r", "l", and "d". For example, in Odia and Devanagari scripts, "କାଳା" and "काळा" means "buffaloes" in their dialect. It is also worth noting that although Devanagari has the phoneme "ळ", it is not commonly used in Hindi languages. But it's very much common in 2639:. So they became close to each other because of common language, migration history, socio-cultural behaviour, social status in the regional society and process of sanskritisation to climb Hindu social ladder in new settlement. The Bagals also interdine with other neighbouring tribes and lower rank communities, except the "upper" caste and those who accepts flesh of cattle. 5533:

The castes which I generally get are Bhumij and Bagals. They are Midnapur people. I also get a few Santals from Midnapur but no Kols. I take persons from other districts who come to me, irrespective of their place of birth. I get a few persons of this class from Chota Nagpur, mostly from Singhbhum. They are generally people who are running away from their creditors.

2261:(means "orphan") by the Santhals, who have retained their strong socio-cultural identity. However, according to the government institutions, the Bagal community does not fulfill the predefined criteria (that are distinctive culture, indications of primitive traits, geographical isolation, backwardness, shyness of contact with the community at large and victims of 478:), 5 from Lohardaga-Palamu, and 1,300 from the Feudatory States. Additionally, the census also noted a total of 15,049 Bagals in the marriage table, with specific distributions in Medinipur (6,191), Singhbhum (5,819), Manbhum (1,543), and Bankura (1,496). In 1872, 2077 Bagals returned from Manbhum and included as subdivision of Goala. However, In recent past 2278:, the first Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission of India. During this committee, the Registrar General of India (1954) provisionally classified Bagals of West Bengal as a Backward Class for social justice. Then only the Bagals of West Bengal classified as Other Backward Class and sub-classified as 'Depressed Backward Class' by 2992:. It is worth noting that some of the Bagal people's clan and lineage bear a resemblance to the Bhumijas and Mundas, indicating possible historical ties or shared cultural elements. Most of the regions associated with these lineage names are located in the southeastern part of the Jharkhand state, particularly within the area surrounded by 2323:

socio-economic conditions. These historical trends highlight the socio-economic and educational disadvantages that have persisted within the Bagal community over time. Through some improvements in their social status have been observed since India's Independence, but not reached an equivalent level compared to neighboring societies.

1889:, are neither encouraged nor restricted. The first and some cases second type of general marriage involve the assistance of Brahmins, while the others are conducted through the community's own social institutions. In their society marriage is commonly characterized by monogamy, though there is occasional observance of polygamy. 1473:, in the process of his routine job of cattle herding. Then the Bagal joined with them and fell in love with a Munda girl. After that the Bagal and Munda girl got married. Thus they believe that they are the progenitor of that couple. Being descendants of Lord Krishna, they also claim themselves as Krishna Gop/ Krishna Bagal. 1692:. In the course of Indian social development, they transitioned to different occupations from their traditional roles, primarily to agriculture and other unskilled manual work. For instance the occupational pattern (primary and subsidiary) of the total workforce of Bagal population in Mayurbhanj state was 1809:), traditional group dances, and other primitive practices, are now on the verge of cultural extinction. Presently, Bagal traditions and rituals have largely been replaced by Hindu beliefs, and only the older generation residing in Bagal-majority villages retain their own distinct traditions and rituals. 2563:. Consequently, the classification of the language they speak as either a dialect of Kurmali or Bengali or a distinct but related language remains a matter of linguistic debate. However, due to their migration and settlement in contiguous border areas of three distinct linguistic administrative states, 5532:

40 or over, but the average would be about 40. If the coolie does not ask for money, I pay him nothing. The people who ask for their own commission in this way are men who have been up in Assam before. I have never heard of people taking commission in this way and deserting after reaching the garden.

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becomes an unavoidable factor. This results in the adoption of the Bengali structure in Bengal, the Odia structure in Odisha, and the Hindi structure in Jharkhand. As a result, during the census, when asked about their mother tongue, individuals identify themselves as speakers of the respective state

2273:

except some level of untouchability and the backwardness criteria. Therefore, they are not scheduled either as an Scheduled Caste or as an Scheduled Tribe to claim any constitutional benefits. Although the Bagals of Bihar (include Jharkhand) and West Bengal were classified as Other Backward Class and

2244:

during the sanskritisation movement in India. They have greater tribal attributes in them but there is no historical records to support as they are tribal or untouchable community except the Bagals of Mayurbhanj state, where Bagals were noted as tribal in 1931 census with the fact that their drinking

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for the inclusion of Bagal caste in the Scheduled Tribe list. Shrimati R.D. Sinha assured that the proposal is considered and will be included after a comprehensive revision. On April 25, 1990, the Tribal Research Institute of the Odisha government recommended the inclusion of the Bagal caste in the

2928:

Bagal. These four groups are predominantly endogamous in nature, with each group asserting its distinct identity. In certain instances, their social status may change in accordance with the regional social hierarchy. However, it remains uncertain whether these four subdivisions ethnically belong to

1561:

The Bagals are traditionally associated with work as cattle herders. In 1971, though, the Bagals of Torkotala village worked as agricultural laborers, cultivating smaller plots their own on the side. Based on their traditional association with cattle, the Bagals have recently advanced a claim to

1338:

In general, each sub-divisional group predominantly practices endogamy, marrying within their own endogamous group or sub-caste. As for the descendants of the four endogamous groups in Bagal society, it is uncertain whether they originate from a single common ancestry or they are distinct from each

2799:

The statistical data presented in the table may not be useful to estimate the current demographics as the census 1951, West Bengal mentioned that the Bauri and Goala has 'Bagal' named subcaste or Bagal caste was broadly grouped in those caste, which are again questionable in ethnographic point of

1911:

The first category comprises community level festivals, including Bangsa puja, Gotar puja, Ghar puja, Garam puja, Asali puja, Mag puja, Jantal puja, and Nua khai. These celebrations are observed within specific social units, such as lineages, sub-lineages, clans, or families, fostering a sense of

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as early as 1907, From the study of the village records, it may be reconstructed that these 18 villages were inhabited by 635 resident land holders, out of which 329 were the tribals (Bhumij 249, Santal 66 and Ho 14) and the remaining 306 were the different castes (Brahmin, Kamara, Gaur, Tanti,

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region (or the totem of deer), and Banrdiha, Chardiha, Danadiha, Manikdiha, Samdiha/Samudiha, Purihasa, Tetla, etc. The suffix "dih" is a common element in many of these lineage names, which carries a literal meaning of upland or place of dwelling. The term "dihā" denotes the inhabitant of that

2326:

From above the fact, they oscillate between the caste pole and tribe pole within the government-defined parameters, lacking legal identity. However, for their socio-cultural, economic, and political security, they have been voicing their concerns from the independence of India to both state and

1840:

ceremony, the baby is given a permanent name based on the forefather, kinsman, or the time, day, and month the child is born. In some cases, this naming ceremony is observed on the twenty-first day. During adolescence, boys and girls engage in activities such as tending to domestic animals and

1462:

region is like that, Lord Krishna used to go to the pasture every day to graze the cattle. Sometimes he felt tired and wanted to be free from the monotonous work of daily cattle herding. So Lord Krishna made a 'Bagal' from sweat and dirt of his own body so that he could graze the cattle in the

2313:

in 1931. These figures contributed to their classification as educationally backward of Bengal in 1923. In response, measures were taken to make them eligible for scholarships and stipends for their educational upliftment in 1939. However, the impact of these initiatives on their educational

370:. As a consequence, comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the caste composition of the population is currently unavailable. It is noteworthy that the last instance in which caste was systematically recorded as a census category occurred in 1931, prior to India's independence. The 2322:

reported the literacy rate for the 984 sampled individuals of Midnapore was 24.79 percent, with 21.23 percent of males and 3.56 percent of females being literate. The observed low literacy rate among the Bagals primarily attributed to factors such as their occupation patterns and challenging

2804:

is also a generic occupational term for "herder" in the Kurmali linguistic region. So the people of different communities who used to herd cattle, they are also synonymously known by the name Bagal and sometime use Bagal as a prefix or suffix along with the name of their community, such as

1792:

norms of Hindu society. During communal rituals, such as the Munda and Bhumij ceremonies, the Dehri or Deheri (village priest) and designated heads of households or society perform the rituals. The traditional customs of the Bagal people, involving activities like animal sacrificing, body

5096:, p. 116: "In Bihar , the Bagal are distributed in the Itagarh, Gobarddan, Urughutu, Khokhro, Dandru, Khaibani, Bang, Roldi, Kalkapur, Potka, Jahatu, Juri Sarmuda Nuagun of Potka, and Halud Pukhur areas of Singhbhum district. They are considered the original settlers of that area." 4534:. Vol. V. Selections from Memoranda and oral evidence (Punjab, Bihar and Orissa, Central provinces, Assam, North-west frontier province, Delhi and Miscellaneous memoranda.). Kolkata: Central publication branch, Govt of India. 1932. pp. 219, 224. Archived from 4046:, pp. 213, 335: The Gouda and Danda Majhi were considered by them to have enjoy equal postion, where the Keuta, Bagdi, Bhuiyan, Bagal, Kudmi and Santal were treated as having inferior status in the social hierarehy in the local level as per tradition." 3122:...this group have greater tribal attributes in them. But they do not belong to Scheduled Caste or tribe. As a result, they are trying to rename themselves as 'Baiga', because the Baigas are Scheduled tribe and are getting all Constitutional benefits." Quoted 1724:

The Bagals have historically relied on the forest and agriculture for their livelihood, predating the colonial era. As a pastoral community, they depended on the forest for pasture. Their livelihood worsened when the Britishers imposed exploitative

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In the 1911 census, 4,581 individuals identified as Bagals (comprising 2,076 males and 2,505 females) were recorded in Midnapore. Similarly, 2,154 individuals identified as Ahir (1,556 males and 598 females) were recorded in various regions, viz,

1509:

The Bagals are the cattle–herds. Herding cattle is their principal occupation. In the census of 1901, the Bagals of Medinapore ware included in the Ahir and Gohala, and those of Bankura in Bauri. In the caste-index prepared by Government for the

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In ethnic prospective Bagal community is numerically smaller community living three political zone (i.e. Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal) of India. In which various social factor are distinct from each other, specially medium of language both

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driver (2/6), Iron related worker (2/1) Non-cultivating proprietors of land (2/0) and Educator (0/1). Contrastingly, minors were primarily engaged in their traditional occupation of cattle herding. In the late 20th century, they used to work as

1951:, a ritualistic veneration of the Karam tree (symbolizing the Karam God), hold particular significance as they represent an integral aspect of their cultural heritage. These festivals serve as an important link to their traditions and values. 2404:, a conflict between Maoists and the Indian armed forces, the Jharkhand Andolan Samannay Mancha (JASM) demanded the inclusion of Bagal communities in the list of Scheduled Tribes as a potential solution. On April 26, 2010, Lok Sabha debate; 329:". It specifically refers to individuals who are responsible for tending to and grazing domestic animals in villages, primarily cattle. Typically, adolescent boys are employed in this activity under contractual agreements with landowners as 2786:, the term "Ahir" is primarily used by individuals belonging to the Bihar, although many of them also interchangeably identify themselves as "Goala" according to local nomenclature. Similarly, in Odisha, the cattle herder caste is known as 1163:

Araikula (Arikuḷa), Banardiha, Bankuar, Buru Bhatua/Buruhatua, Bukria/Bukuria, Chardiha, Danadiha, Deoria (Deoḷia), Gutisukri/Butisukri, Hajombanda, Jetuar/Jegoar, Kurkutia, Manikdiha, Pathcom, Punihasa, Samdia, Sonahatu, Satvia, Sikaria,

2535:. In the 1931 census of Mayurbhanj state, the Bagals were primarily recorded as Odia speakers, though it not being their native language. Overall, the language or dialect they speak as their mother tongue is highly similar to the Bengali 1570:

are aware that their own caste is regarded as a purified section of Goala. For the Bagals to establish their claim as Goalas would be indirectly to link the Sadgop and Bagal castes to each other, a link which the Sadgops adamantly

6135: 1782:) within their cultural repertoire. Their socio-cultural practices primarily revolve around agricultural pursuits and the worship of their community deity. Over time, their attire has evolved significantly. Initially, men wore 5519:

120 per coolie, which is the value at Khargpur. The manager pays the expenses from Khargpur to the garden. There is no selecting agent here, coolies are sent up subject to the manager's approval. I pay my recruiters

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raised concern about Bagal community, who are educationally, economically and culturally backward in ground and can be comparable with other Schedule Caste and Tribes. Thus, he urged the government to take necessary

5151:

On the scrutiny of local revenue papers it appears that the local villages in the area of survey namely Ghaghidihi (Bhumij), Punihasa (Santal), Haludwani (Bagal), Jillingora (Santal), Sariamda (Kurmi), Gadhra (Ho)

1892:

Throughout pregnancy, Bagal women adhere to a variety of traditions, rituals, and taboos. At the seventh month of pregnancy, family members joyfully offer an assortment of food and arrange a small feast called

6714:[Government's English exemption for the aboriginal tribes of Mayurbhanj: MP Bisheshwar Tudu met the Union Tribal Affairs Minister Arjun Munda demanding Scheduled Tribes status to Rajwad and Bagal.] 3403:

goes to show that so far the Bagal caste is concerned only 18 persons out of their total strength of 1,621 are returned as literate. It has been shown in the chapter on the caste that the Bagals are really

6085: 1940:. Unlike the previous group, these festivals involve interactions with neighboring communities residing in the local area, contributing to a shared cultural experience among these adjoining social units. 4204: 7021:

Dolai, Mohan Chandra (2014). Survey on Bagals of West Bengal (Report). Cultural Research Institute, Backward Classes Welfare Department & Tribal Development Department, Government of West Bengal.

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which is the borderline of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. And only the Bagals of Subarnarekha valley and recent migrants living in nearby districts are known as Bagals, well bounded in between

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they segmented and formed real caste by adopting regional language and culture. Further the community is fragmented into territory based sub-divisional endogamous group on the basis of regional

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act as law enforcement officers for the council. The council's main objective is to uphold the community's values and ethics, and those who violate these standards may face punishments such as

5041: 1959:

The Bagal community embraces a diverse belief system, acknowledging a wide spectrum of benevolent and malevolent deities and spirits. They hold deep reverence for benevolent deities such as

2716:

were described as allied to Kela and other gypsy castes. Over time, they adopted cattle herding and agriculture as means of livelihood. This information was later adopted in Singh edited "

6128: 5778: 1331:), Kachima (tortoise) and Nag (snake), segmented into lineage Angaria, Chawniya, Dorhi, Nag in Bihar; Bankuar (a deer), Hajam Banta, Harma Bankuar, Jajo Bankuar (horn deer), Kurkutia ( 6571:

ST & SC Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar (April 25, 1990). "Inclusion of Bagal community in the Scheduled Tribe list of Orissa". Letter to Government of India. 1138.

272:, i.e., in Balasore, Mayurbhanj, Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, East Singhbhum, Saraikela Kharsawan and Purulia districts of East India. They are believed to have undergone various 4148:. Indo-Aryan family, Eastern group, Pt – I, Specimens of the Bengali and Assamese languages. Calcutta: Office of the superintendent, Government printing, India. pp. 360–361 1900:

They predominantly follows Hindu cremation rituals, except if in the case of deceased pregnant women or children, burial takes place by interring the body and planting a tree.

6712:"ମୟୂରଭଞ୍ଜର ପୁରୁଣା ଜନଜାତିଙ୍କୁ ସରକାରଙ୍କ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଛାଟ : ରାଜୁଆଡ ଓ ବଗାଳଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁସୂଚିତ ଜନଜାତି ମାନ୍ୟତା ଦାବିରେ କେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଜନଜାତି ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଅର୍ଜୁନ ମୁଣ୍ଡାଙ୍କୁ ଭେଟିଲେ ସାଂସଦ ବିଶେଶ୍ୱର ଟୁଡୁ ।" 6610: 410:(broadly tabulated in Ahir and Goala, due interchangeable use of those two terms and Ahir also includes 4299 Mahkur i.e. 4159 from Chota Nagpur tributary state and 140 from 1128:. From their features it seems that Bagals have descended from tribal pastoralists and become Hinduized. Radhiya Brahmans do not serve them ritually but Madhya-desiya and 1817:

Human life unfolds through various stages, which are subject to observation within diverse social frameworks. While the social customs of the Bagal society are based on

4866: 4619: 3509: 6159: 2648:

Historically Bagals are classified differently in different administrative regions of British India with respect to different time period. Such as in 1877, Bagals of

5195:, p. 19: "The Bagals are distributed in different villages of Midnapur district of West Bengal, Mayurbhanj district of Orissa and Singhbhum district of Bihar." 1743:. They began to oppose the rules as there is evidence that they were listed in various criminal records of the British India. Thereafter, they became a part of the 1359:/sept. Unlike the Ahir and Khanadit Bagal groups, who consider the clan as an exogamous unit, the Krishna Bagal group views the lineage/sept as the exogamous unit. 3545: 2625:

like Bengali and Odia. In this way the Bhumija of Mayurbhanj district share common ancestral territory with the Bagals, for example Bhumija group of Mayurbhanj is

6687: 6639: 6096: 4962:

Erratum: In the Chapter 7 of "Aspects of Tribal Studies", the word "Bengal" is to be read as "Bagal," except when it is referred to as the State of West Bengal.

6214: 3563: 3118:, just to have constitutional facilities." Quoted "In West Bengal, there is a group of people who are popularly known as Bagal, which means 'cattle herding'. 7129:. Bulletin of the Cultural Resource Institute (Special series no. 10). Calcutta: Scheduled castes and tribes welfare department, Government of West Bengal. 6290: 1445:

Although the traditional councils are no longer in use, some aspects of their practices continue to be incorporated into the Bagal society's daily life.

6528: 4297: 6312: 4464: 359: 6554: 7062: 2181:"Oh ! elder brother, please cut a Karam branch, Cut it by just a stroke of battle-axe and return home with it, We shall dress King Karam with 1343:. The primary distinction among these groups lies in their naming and kinship practices. Both the Ahir and Khanadit Bagal groups use the clan name ( 5452: 1006: 6711: 6486:

Legislative Assembly West Bengal (India) (1955). "III. List of Educationally Backward Castes (Other than Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes)".

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Erratum: In the report, there is a typo error with the name "Baglas" instead of "Bagals". The source list of West Bengal Backward Classes in the

5565: 5044:[Meeting of Bagal-Khandwal society concluded: Bagal-Khandwal society held a meeting regarding social upliftment in Lupunghutu Chaibasa]. 1754:

The Bagals of Medinapore were involved in large-scale plundering of food grain from wealthy household, a form of food riots caused by a man-made

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by caste. It is unlikely that this claim will be recognized by other Hindus (of the village), though, at least not in the immediate future, for

994: 7130: 7115: 5168: 1908:

In the Bagal community, festivals can be classified into two distinct types based on their social significance and the nature of celebration.

5801: 3062: 990: 2821:

in Jharkhand, who are listed as "Backward Caste – I". But the tabulated statistical data bear greater footprint of present day Bagal caste.

3110:"It is found that most of the Bagals do not hesitate to introduce themselves by the name of 'Bagal'. A few of them asserted themselves as ' 6670: 1641:

and subsidiary activities they were involved. Subsequently, entered into the Hindu caste system with the trend of Hinduization, resulting

1529:

There the Bagals have been described as the cow–herds of any caste. But a note has been left to the effect that they form a real caste in

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or Bagals as belonging to inferior stocks. So no Lodha in the agricultual area would agree to serve under any member of the above tribes.

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of the Bagal society. However, within Ahir Bagal and Khanroal (Khandait) Bagal, there is an absence of distinct lineage system; [

5161:(1968). "Social Implications of Industrialisation in Tribal Bihar". In P.C. Biswas; Indera A.P. Singh; J.D. Mehera; S.C. Tiwari (eds.). 5020: 4769:

Note: Author cited census data from Bengal Census Report, 1872, with subsequent District Compilation in 1873, by Mr. C. F. Magrath, C.S.

1537:, which is a fact. Through the large number of Bagals still follow their traditional occupation, many of them have taken to agriculture. 378:), 234 from Kaptipada, 52 from Bamanghati and 14 from Panchpir subdivision. In the 1901 census, 12890 Bagal returned, that is 7884 from 6063: 5248: 2720:" ethnographic project, suggesting that Ahir Gaura is synonymous with Bagals of Odisha. However, in the British census, a total of 603 1042: 5888:

Bhattacharyya, Gouri (1996). "Some representative folk songs of Jhargram region of West Bengal, India". In Petzoldt, Leander (ed.).

4143: 2708:

of Odisha) with the Bagal caste, considering them as possible synonyms of the Bagals of Mayurbhanj. In that census, the Bagals and

6583: 4999: 4061:, p. 775: "They generally accept and exchange water with all the castes excepting the Hari, Muchi, Dom, Bagal and Muslims." 1828:

In the Bagal community, upon the birth of a baby, the news is promptly shared with relatives, followed by a celebration known as

986: 455: 434:, included in Goala and 730 Bagal from Bankura, included in Bauri. In the 1891 census, a total of 9,674 Bagals returned from the 2139:

In the market, he isn't there, in the village road he isn't seen. Ohh my friends please tell my boyfriend, I shall tie him with

3070: 2339: 1174:, any special events or activities of the lineage. Again those bigger lineages are subdivided into some sub-lineage as lineage 1058: 1014: 1002: 998: 6381: 6113:

Ethnic Status of Bagal (Report). SC & ST Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Government of Odisha. pp. 1–4.

7221: 7149: 6992: 6962: 6932: 6865: 6356: 6002: 5962: 5927: 5899: 5872: 5646: 5600: 5382: 5339: 4810: 4510: 4392: 4344: 3960: 3928: 3844: 3668: 3641: 3599: 3455: 3074: 2266: 1136:

or landless agricultural labourers. None of them are seen these days to depend on cattle rearing, their traditional calling.

1093: 367: 7034: 6916:. It is later republished in the state volumes of Jharkhand and Odisha, incorporating updated information, as listed below; 6813: 6152: 4857: 4755: 4703: 4610: 4584: 4451: 3780:. Vol. XXIII. No.I. Bhubaneswar: Tribal & Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute, Government of Orissa. p. 30 3686:"Census and the aspects of growth and development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi bilingualism with special focus on West Bengal" 3500: 1153:

subdivision of Bagal society namely Ahir Bagal, Khanroal Bagal, Krishna Bagal and Magadha Bagal. The mejor lineages or sept

7241: 7226: 4529: 2943: 1034: 1030: 6431:

Assembly Proceedings (Official Report) – Bengal Legislative Assembly Fifth Session: 14th 15th 16th 20th and 21st June 1939

6062:(Press release). Press Information Bureau Government of India. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment. 24 Feb 2015. 4681:. Vol. V. Part II: The Caste Tables. Calcutta: Superintendent of Census Operations in Bengal. pp. 108–109, 118. 3995:

Compilation of the Review Reports on The Pace and Progress on The Implementation of The Total Literacy Campaigns. Vol. III

3772: 2222:

of those states and nowadays as a whole do not hold distinct and standalone prehistorical identity, which is a process of

7211: 6193:

Reservations for Backward Classes: Mandal Commission Report of the Backward Classes Commission, 1980, Alongwith [

2338:

movements by the Bagal people for inclusion in the Scheduled list. In 1976 Narendranath Raut along with other Bagals of

1026: 5071: 3536: 2342:

tempted to lunch a movement to get into the Scheduled tribe list. Subsequently, In 1978 they demonstrated in large near

6987:. Vol. 4. New Delhi, India; New York: Oxford University Press; Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 166–167. 6631: 4085: 459: 4932:

Mandal, Debabrata (2006). "Agrarian System of Rajuar Tribe of Mayurbhanj District Orissa". In Sahu, Chaturbhuj (ed.).

1430:

serving as the heads at the community, pargana, and regional levels, respectively. In their society, they have unique

1085:

The Bagal people, currently being agriculturists, assert themselves in the middle range of the caste hierarchy in the

374:

census 1931 recorded a total of 1621 people living in Mayurbhanj state i.e., 1321 form Baripada (chiefly from Barpara

7079: 6395: 4447:

Census of India – 1901, Vol- VIA – The lower probinces of Bengal and their Feudatourie (Part II, The Imperial Tables)

3882: 2681: 2443: 2409: 2382: 2189:, Oh ! King Karam, come to our home riding an elephant, Oh ! Queen Indo, come to our home riding a horse." 5173:

In a recent study it has been established that 18 villages with an area of 16,810,24 acres of land were occupied by

3613: 7216: 6553:. Eighth Loksabha (Second session). Vol. VI. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. 15 May 1985. pp. 147–148. 6345:

Bhowmick, P.K. (1991). "Ethnicity, Ethnic groups and Survival Strategy". In Bhadra, Ranjit K; Mondal, S. R (eds.).

2396: 2347: 2343: 6834:

Chakraborty, S. K. (September 1988). "Bagals of West Bengal – A brief ethnographic study". In Danda, A. K. (ed.).

3557: 2680:, which was a classification error acknowledged by author in later publication. In the 1992 ethnographic project " 1832:

on the ninth day after birth. During this celebration, the formal naming of the baby takes place, which is called

7236: 6527:. Seventh Loksabha (Fifth session). Vol. XVI. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. 21 April 1981. p. 376. 2449: 2415: 2388: 2365: 2359: 1497:. Due to social instability in the region, they migrated to counterparts region Dhalbhum, Manbhum, Medinipur and 5528:

70 per labourer. Occasionally a man comes in of his own accord, and asks for his commission. I pay such persons

3508:. Vol. 2. Census 1961, West Bengal. India Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal. pp. 4–24. 2778:" mean cattle herder in Sanskrit and Hindi/Bengali language, respectively and are often used interchangeably in 6906:

areas, is initially published in the 1998 volume of "India's Communities," a part of the ethnographic project "

4943: 2684:", the Bagals of Bihar (present-day Jharkhand) are grouped into two categories: Animal Husbandry and Labourers. 4746:, Esq., C.S., Assistant to the Director – General of Statistics). Trubner And Co., London. pp. 276, 292. 3009:

The Bijuban, Raneban, Arunban and Baghban are folk names of ecocultural forest zone, i.e. the Bijuban compose

6519: 5506: 5042:"बागाल-खंडवाल समाज की बैठक संपन्न: लुपुंगुटू चाईबासा में सामाजिक उत्थान को लेकर बागाल-खंडवाल समाज ने की बैठक" 4780: 3715: 3618: 3544:. Gopabandhu Academy of Administration , General Administration Department Government Of Odisha. p. 97. 2848: 532: 395: 7042:. Census of India 1961 – West Bengal and Sikkim. Vol. – XVI, Part –VI (5). Delhi: Manager Publication. 4721: 284:) behaviors, they are relatively considered inferior in the Hindu social hierarchy and often referred to as 6545: 6451:. Vol. L. Number 1 to 6. July to December, 1931. Calcutta: Prabasi Press Private, Limited. p. 576 3018: 2419: 2000: 1759: 804:β. 1,300 Bagals returned in Feudatory states, which include both Odisha and Chota Nagpur tributary states. 333:. They, along with cattle-herding, undertake various household chores. In Odia it is pronounced as Bagāḻa ( 145: 7056: 6286:

The cultural significance of early historic terracotta art of west bengal: an ethnoarchaeological approach

6258:"A search towards untouchability in West Bengal through a government report and anthropological fieldwork" 4187: 343: 6957:. Part. 1. Vol. 16. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India : Seagull Books. pp. 84–86. 2835:(1,200, consisting of 1,070 Hindus—663 males and 407 females, and 130 Animists—65 males and 65 females), 2619: 2370: 2328: 2270: 442:, with 8,364 being Hindus from Chota Nagpur divisional districts, including 6,179 from Singhbhum (5819 – 6723: 6033:(Press release). Press Information Bureau Government of India. Ministry of Tribal Affairs. 28 Dec 2017. 5430: 2967:

The lineage name used by Bagal people reflect their historical migration patterns, such as Pathcom from

1315:, the Bagals sub-divisional group are Ahir Gop, Akhara Gop, Krishna Gop, Nanda Gop bearing totemic clan 6284: 4672: 4639: 4549: 4158: 3086: 2508: 2457: 2298: 2059:

depicted their past and experiences of their lives. For instance a folklore in Manbhum region is like;

1167: 1050: 978: 903: 439: 129: 7055:

Vidyarthi, L.P. (1979). "Cultural Change in the Tribes of Modern India". In Srivastava, Ratish (ed.).

6826: 2779: 2753: 2540: 2293:, available records indicate that the Bagals had a literacy rate of 2.15 percent (180 people) in the 2241: 1657:. However, some of them, along with other sources, also claim that some of their kinsmen migrated to 1511: 471: 347: 288:. They also acknowledge their subordinate status in society due to various socio-historical factors. 281: 6026: 5126:

Around Jamshedpur the villages again comprise single tribes, e.g., Ghagidih is dominated by Bhumij,

7124: 7109: 5162: 4958: 2868: 2712:

together formed a total of 1,976, while in 1901, they numbered 2,020. Based on their features, the

2385: 949: 7061:(PDF). Selections from Journal of Social Research, 1958–1977. New Delhi: Books today. p. 76. 6898:

Scholar P. P. Mahato's ethnographic article on the "Bagal" caste, which is based on the Bagals of

4171: 2756:

were listed as Depressed Classes, a classification that was later extended to the entire province.

2588:, but they are greatly Hinduised and climbed the social ladder. Even they secured the position of 1912:

unity and cohesion within these close-knit groups. The second category consists of festivals like

273: 7201: 5864: 4575:. Vol. V. Part II, Tables. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot. pp. 152, 154, 163. 4293: 4139: 3014: 3010: 2725: 2335: 2310: 1732: 1112:

Though the Bagals call themselves Gopas, the "higher" Hindu castes do not regard them as proper

932: 898: 816: 566: 387: 141: 5494: 1351:), treating them as interchangeable. In contrast, the Krishna Bagal group distinguishes between 7231: 6661: 6429: 6324: 6202: 5511:

The contracts are under Act VI. I only send labourers to the Assam Valley. I get an average of

5211:(in Bengali). Uccatara Bidyācarcākendra, Bāṃlā Bibhāga, Bardhamāna Biśvabidyālaẏa. p. 82. 3819:

Education in colonial Bengal : a study in selected districts of Eastern Bengal (1854–1947)

2615: 2552: 2427: 1356: 6845:

Chakravarti, S. K. (1995). "The Bagal Myth: A notion of the structure of Aboriginal Thought".

5825: 5249:"An inquiry into the demography of Jangal Mahal as a source of underdevelopment of the region" 4324: 6927:. Part. 1. Vol. 35. Anthropological Survey of India by Seagull Books. pp. 210–213. 5858: 5487: 5079: 5025: 4733: 4075: 3997:(Report). Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, New Delhi. p. 252 3836:

Traditional Caste Panchayat and Aspects of Social Movement: A Micro Study in Eastern Midnapur

2955: 2294: 2219: 2215: 2199: 1755: 1693: 1642: 1553:

and it is assumed that they had aboriginal descent. They also accept food from the Bhumijas.

1332: 435: 6055: 5474:. Vol. 37. Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society. 1990. p. 54. 5271: 5236:. Census of India 1961 (in Bengali). Vol. 16. Part. 2B, Issue. 3. Manager Publications. 2418:

demanded inclusion of Bagal community in tribal (ST) list. On September 27, 2018, Bagals of

1442:, which are assigned to individuals in recognition of their contributions to the community. 5002:[The condition of the people of Bagal or Khandwal caste is bad : Commission]. 3066: 2872: 2350:

assured their proposal for included in the list of Schedule categories. On April 21, 1981,

2283: 1612: 475: 5671:. Royal College of Surgeons of England. Calcutta : Printed at the Alipore Jail Press. 2019:

Bagal people dance to a variety of songs during the festival to make life more enjoyable.

8: 6908: 5894:. International Society for Folk Narrative Research. Congress. P. Lang. pp. 85–104. 5836: 4836: 3098: 3090: 3038: 2951: 2840: 2832: 2622: 2275: 1396: 1311: 1133: 1074: 942: 891: 881: 6570: 5489:

Proceedings of the Assam Labour Enquiry Committee in the Recruiting and Labour Districts

2106:. I became really tried by searching and searching, but not yet returned the herder boy. 1306:). Additionally, there is a lack of available information concerning the Magadha Bagal. 7180: 6980: 6950: 6920: 6913: 6810: 6791: 6780: 6761: 6692: 6508:. Vol. 13. The Cultural Research Institute, West Bengal (India). 1978. p. 11. 6400: 5750:. Vol. V. Cultural Research Institute, Government of West Bengal. 1975. p. 6. 5711: 5606: 5571: 5397: 4978: 4800: 4682: 4649: 4618:. Vol. V. Part III, Tables. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot. p. 105. 4576: 4554: 4543: 4441: 3896: 3078: 3050: 2548: 2488: 2435: 2405: 2203: 1646: 1490: 1328: 730: 628: 561: 546: 483: 467: 431: 415: 383: 379: 269: 181: 4865:. Vol. V. Part. I (Report). Calcutta: Bengal secretariat book dept. p. 505. 4691: 3744: 2003:

of domestic animals like goat, sheep, pig, cock, pigeon, etc., with the assistance of

7172: 7145: 7085: 7075: 7043: 6998: 6988: 6968: 6958: 6938: 6928: 6879: 6871: 6861: 6801: 6771: 6602: 6594: 6362: 6352: 6257: 6238: 6008: 5998: 5968: 5958: 5933: 5923: 5895: 5868: 5793: 5703: 5662: 5642: 5614: 5596: 5575: 5498: 5436: 5410: 5388: 5378: 5335: 5263: 5212: 4949: 4939: 4912: 4904: 4806: 4747: 4506: 4398: 4388: 4340: 4081: 4023: 3956: 3924: 3900: 3888: 3878: 3840: 3697: 3685: 3664: 3637: 3605: 3595: 3451: 2921: 2860: 2856: 2783: 2729: 2556: 2401: 2351: 2327:

central governments, seeking constitutional recognition and inclusion in the list of

2302: 2279: 1882: 1874: 1866: 1779: 1744: 1740: 1608: 1502: 1486: 908: 886: 690: 399: 249: 133: 121: 5777:

Mandal, Ajoy Kumar (2017). Pal, Rina; Maity, Sujoy Kumar; Chatterjee, Parul (eds.).

5149:. Vol. 5. Ranchi: Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar. p. 116. 4484:. Vol. 2. Central Bureau of Education, Ministry of Education. 1919. p. 93. 1069:

of Mayurbhanj district, Balasore, Remuna, Nilagiri of Balasore district, Bhadrak of

325:; বাগাল), which is a Bengali (or Kudmali) word and carries the literal meaning of " 232:) and use Bengali, Hindi and Odia language to communicate with the outside society. 6294: 6173: 5695: 5632: 4332: 4311: 3870: 3054: 3042: 3034: 3030: 2984: 2836: 2733: 2669: 2560: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2492: 2392: 2374: 2306: 2211: 2207: 1748: 1650: 1604: 1530: 1498: 1171: 1086: 1070: 937: 925: 920: 571: 556: 419: 371: 302: 221: 217: 213: 177: 137: 85: 68: 64: 60: 6446: 5610: 5178:

Dhona, Napit, Kumhar, Dhoba, Kurmi, Rajput, Suri, Teli, Bagal, Ghasi and Sadgope).

4903:. Little known tribe (in Odia). Bhubaneśvara: Ādibāsī Bhāshā o Saṃskr̥ti Ekāḍemī. 4329:

Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates

826:. Similarly change in administration should be noted in other areas, such as 7206: 7139: 7098: 6887: 6846: 6835: 6820: 6796: 6766: 6503: 6487: 6470: 6413: 6232: 6191: 5992: 5952: 5889: 5761: 5745: 5729: 5636: 5469: 5444: 5372: 5355: 5329: 5312: 5296: 5231: 5206: 5158: 5144: 5140: 5119: 4933: 4920: 4840: 4737: 4686: 4678:

Census of India – 1891 : The Lower Probinces of Bengal and their Feudatories

4676: 4653: 4643: 4580: 4570: 4535: 4500: 4489: 4479: 4445: 4382: 4360: 4277: 4260: 4240: 4223: 4104: 4017: 3977: 3950: 3918: 3834: 3800: 3658: 3631: 3486: 3475: 3445: 3425: 3022: 2989: 2947: 2611: 2524: 2516: 2439: 2378: 2228: 2223: 1933: 1913: 1662: 1654: 1534: 1392: 1010: 974: 970: 966: 915: 823: 819: 725: 540: 537: 427: 411: 363: 277: 73: 7111:

Occupational mobility and caste structure in Bengal : Study of rural market

5668:

Report on the jails of the lower provinces of the Bengal Presidency, for 1857–58

3952:

Explorations in Anthropology: P.K. Bhowmick and His Collaborative Research Works

3491:. Vol. 43. No. 4. Man in India Office, Ranchi: A.K. Bose. pp. 277–327. 6819:

Das, Indrani (1975). "The Bagals – a cattle herding community of West Bengal".

5638:

Memory, Identity, Power: Politics in the Jungle Mahals (West Bengal), 1890–1950

5046: 4648:. The Provincial Tables. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press. pp. 374–377. 3115: 3046: 2976: 2864: 2844: 2775: 2749: 2564: 2355: 2262: 2247: 1984: 1948: 1788: 1588: 1563: 1129: 1105: 958: 827: 768: 265: 185: 56: 34: 7126:

Trends of occupation pattern through generations in rural areas of West Bengal

7089: 5734:(in Bengali). Tāmralipta Svādhīnatā Saṃgrāma Itihāsa Kamiṭi. 1984. p. 23. 4597: 3493: 362:

currently do not consider caste as a significant factor due to policy for the

7195: 7176: 6972: 6942: 6883: 6805: 6775: 6739: 6598: 6124: 5972: 5937: 5797: 5707: 5553:] (in Odia). Vol. 1, no. 2. Baripada. January 1931. p. 13. 5392: 5267: 5216: 5064: 5004: 4983: 4953: 4916: 4788:. Census 1951, West Bengal. Land and Land Revenue Department. pp. 59–62. 4402: 4116: 4109:. Vol. 13–14. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. 1959. p. 115. 3994: 3701: 3609: 3026: 2997: 2972: 2968: 2787: 2741: 2737: 2705: 2581: 2496: 2252: 2233: 1980: 1937: 1929: 1802: 1771: 1736: 1697: 1638: 1634: 1596: 1592: 1550: 1097: 1090: 962: 844: 835: 831: 792: 696: 463: 451: 423: 403: 338: 225: 155: 81: 46: 7002: 6891: 6606: 6366: 6242: 6012: 5618: 5502: 4924: 4751: 4027: 3817: 3749:(First ed.). Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad, Patna. pp. 247–249, 407 2438:

for inclusion of Bagal caste in the Schedule Tribe list. On July 12, 2019,

1841:

assisting with household chores. From this phase they generally employed as

1688:(helpers) in affluent agriculturist households, works collectively known as 7047: 6627: 6269: 5440: 5360:. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. 1994. p. 118. 4743: 4124: 4120: 4112: 2993: 2897: 2852: 2585: 2544: 1701: 1658: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1584: 1464: 261: 167: 159: 5448: 5294: 4336: 3874: 3589: 2036:

are key activities. And sing various associated songs of those dance like

1505:

for better livelihood. Whereas the Mayurbhanj State census 1931 noted as;

6899: 6858:

Bagals of border Bengal: a cattle herding community in search of identity

6840:. Vol. 37. No. 3. Anthropological Survey of India. pp. 251–259. 6346: 5590: 3111: 2980: 2627: 2511:

of West Bengal speak a corrupted form of Bengali, which they refer to as

2453: 2290: 2109: 2038: 2028: 2021: 1992: 1706: 1700:(35/34), Grain parcher (14/3), Herdsmen (13/13), Village watchman (3/3), 1482: 1251: 1022: 982: 866: 201: 111: 6485: 4802:

Classes in a Rural Society: A Sociological Study of Some Bengal Villages

4115:

assert that they are Hindus, and look upon other tribal people like the

2954:

family. Additionally, Bengali does not have this sound. Instead use "ṛ"

2942:"ḷ" is used to accurately represent the Bagals vocabulary, which is the 497: 7184: 7160: 6903: 6298: 6237:. Monograph – V. Indian Council of Social Science Research. p. 9. 5715: 5683: 5666: 5174: 4898: 3594:(in Odia). Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Kaṭaka: Vidyāpurī. p. 179. 2634: 2431: 1917: 1716:

observed a similar occupational pattern among the Bagals of Midnapore.

1709: 1410:, the traditional caste council in the Bagal society is referred to as 1101: 197: 125: 6475:. Vol. 10. Cultural Research Institute West Bengal (India). 1974. 4494:. Printed at the Bihar and Orissa Government Press. 1917. p. 119. 1668:

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Bagals were employed as

1665:

during the British Raj, specifically to work as tea garden labourers.

1493:

of Bihar (now Jharkhand). From where they got their occupational name

1367:

The Bagal society follows a traditional caste council system known as

6215:

Report of the backward classes commission (Second part) Vol. III –VII

5484: 5131: 4074:

Sachchidananda; Mandal, B.B.; Verma, K.K.; Sinha, R.P., eds. (1988).

3562:. Cuttack: The superintendent, Orissa Government Press. p. 109. 3399:, p. 256: "Similar analysis of the 16 selected castes among the 3058: 2988:

specific location, and many of their lineage names are derived from

2939: 2607: 2503:

acknowledge Kurmali as the mother tongue of the Bagals in Jharkhand.

1925: 1600: 1575:

Although some Bagal people assert their descent from the prestigious

1459: 1156: 1066: 1053:

in West Bengal; Rasgobindpur, Muruda, Suliapada, Kuliana, Saraskana,

861: 447: 205: 103: 5699: 4491:

Quinquennial Review on the Progress of Education in Bihar and Orissa

4245:. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. p. 53. 4225:

Report of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

3920:

Notions of Nationhood in Bengal: Perspectives on Samaj, C. 1867-1905

2676:. Although Bagals of Mayurbhanj state were previously classified as 280:

movement in India. However, due to their animistic (in other words,

6719: 6697: 6320: 5127: 3805:. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. p. 6. 3094: 2875:(2). However, both the Bagal and Ahir groups are included in Goala. 2602: 2423: 2056: 1818: 1727: 1274: 1268: 1150: 1089:. Though they are relatively regarded as a semi-clean caste by the 1054: 1046: 1038: 1018: 812: 443: 253: 6875: 4908: 4302:(in Odia). Vol. 5. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press. p. 5290 3892: 3746:

Linguistic Survey of the Sadar Subdivision Of Manbhum And Dhalbhum

2297:, 2 percent (26 people) in the Saraikela-Kharsawan and Mayurbhanj 2051:

are two terms used for people, who are good at dancing and singing

957:

Specifically their major concentration is in, but not confined to

7070:

Bhaumika, Saritā (2018). Manna, Samita; Bera, Gautam Ku. (eds.).

5374:

Rank and Rivalry: The Politics of Inequality in Rural West Bengal

3485:

Boss, N.K., ed. (1963). "Caste and Service in a Bengal Village".

3082: 2925: 2917: 2905: 2728:. The remaining 303 were from the Orissa division, viz. 131 from 2724:

individuals were recorded in 1901. Among them, 300 were from the

2649: 2412: 2362: 2032: 1976: 1822: 1607:

affiliation, have posited that those individuals may have had an

551: 391: 375: 285: 257: 6387:. Alipore, Bengal: Superintendent, Bengal Government Press. 1940 5256:

International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies

4856:

O'Malley, L.S.S. (1913). "Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and Sikkim".

2568:

administrative languages, depending on the state they reside in.

1633:

or/and cattle–herder of any tribe and caste, because of various

848:

The region inhabited by Bagals indicated in deep saffron colour.

802:α. Bagal returned as Hindus and in context of actual occupation. 6418:. Vol. 6–7. Superintendent, Government Print. p. 145. 5493:. Calcutta: The Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 5298:

Annual Report ... [on Survey and Settlement Operations]

2901: 2661: 2596: 1996: 1988: 1944: 1921: 1794: 1567: 1469: 1114: 871: 326: 209: 163: 107: 5595:. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 173–191. 5334:. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 282. 5023:[Bagal Khandwal society showed unity in Jhinkapani.]. 4073: 1645:. Nowadays Bagal settlement mostly found on both sides of the 1383:

as assistants and messengers, respectively. Additionally, the

406:, who are returned as Hindu. All those Bagals are included in 28: 7016:. Folk and Tribal Cultural Centre, Government of West Bengal. 6837:

Human Science: Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India

6411: 6153:"Estimated Population by Castes, 4 West Bengal - Census 1951" 5415:. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 143. 1972: 1960: 1576: 1431: 1302: 1297: 1225: 1124: 1062: 314: 308: 245: 241: 77: 6348:

Stratification, hierarchy, and ethnicity in North-east India

2958:(ɽ), "ড়" phonem in Bengali, which becomes the word "কাড়া". 2331:. Some of the major socio-political events are noted below; 2041:, Bandna geet, Makar geet, Karam geet, Ahira geet, Tusu geet 6688:"No Government benefits, no vote in 2019: Tribal villagers" 6158:. Office of the Registrar General, India. 1954. p. 8. 6134:(Report). Delhi: Controller of Publication, Govt of India. 2913: 2893: 2771: 2701: 2656:. In 1891 census year, Bagals of Manbhum are classified as 2590: 1968: 1964: 1821:, their methods and purposes demonstrate a leaning towards 1580: 1352: 1263: 811:

In some cases the Singhbhum administrative region includes

780: 407: 6415:

Quinquennial Review on the Progress of Education in Bengal

6084:

Government of Odisha, ST & SC Development Department.

4705:

District Census Reports, 1891 Chota Nagpur Division, Bihar

4212:. Calcutta: The Bengal secretariat book depot. p. 40. 3499:

Ray, Bisweswar (1967). "Daharpur – A multicaste village".

2979:, Hajombanda/Hajam Banta (modified from Banta Hajam) from 2460:

for inclusion of Bagal caste in the Scheduled Tribe list.

2318:

also emphasized the issue of illiteracy among the Bagals.

268:. Their primary concentration in the valley region of the 6129:

Report of the Backward Classes Commission. Vol. II: Lists

4022:(in Bengali). Vol. 2. Prakāśa Bhabana. p. 188. 2610:

themselves. In this process they left their own language

2446: 1861:(widow remarriage). Additional forms of marriage include 1292: 311: 6178:

Bengal Legislative Assembly Proceedings on June 14, 1939

5954:

The Unrest Axle: Ethno-social Movements in Eastern India

4981:[Forward can buy land of 103 backward castes.]. 4228:. Manager, Government of India Press. 1965. p. 111. 4189:

Chapter VI: A regional survey of village sarvice systems

3447:

Bathudi and Sounti Tribes: A Bio-anthropological Profile

2543:

and word usage. It incorporates a significant number of

2495:, or Goudali dialects, while the Bagals of Odisha speak 1286:

lineage claim that they were the community level priest

7161:"Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse" 5592:

Texts of power: Emerging disciplines in colonial Bengal

4422:

A study of the folk songs and folk dances of Mayurbhanj

3992: 3657:

Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998).

2422:, Mayurbhanj demonstrated in the district headquarter, 2274:

the Bagals of West Bengal marked as 'Most Backward' by

1489:

and they are one of the original settlers of erstwhile

426:. In 1911, 4581 Bagal returned from Medinipur, 88 from 346:), which has the same meaning and has its roots in the 33:

Bagal women are returning from forest after collecting

7058:

Social anthropology in India – Commentary prospectives

6860:. Memo 127. Kolkata: Anthropological Survey of India. 6790:. Vol. II. Calcutta: Caledonin Printing Company. 6584:"JANGALMAHAL DEBATE – 'Running commentary of a death'" 5000:"बगाल व खंडवाल जाति के लोगों की हालत बुरी : आयोग" 4842:

The Tribes and Castes of Bengal: Ethnographic Glossary

4080:. New Delhi: Concept Publication Company. p. 27. 2696:

The Mayurbhanj state census also grouped together 355

1142:

West Bengal District Gazetteers : Puruliya (1985)

6760:. Vol. I. Calcutta: Caledonin Printing Company. 5357:

Sparks from Bidisa: Tribal unrest and tribal movement

3771:

Tripathi, Premananda; Pattnaik, Dr. N., eds. (1983).

5887: 5831:[Kathi dance revival ceremony in Jhargram]. 5684:"Nationalism and Popular Consciousness: Bengal 1942" 5377:. New York: Cambridge University press. p. 60. 5317:. Anthropological Survey of India. 1966. p. 34. 4742:. Vol. XVII. (This Volume has been compiled by 4384:

Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles

3556:

Senapati, Nilamani; Sahu, Nabin Kumar, eds. (1967).

2971:, Sikaria from Sikharbhum—an estate situated around 1481:

The origin of the Bagal caste remains uncertain. As

317: 305: 6291:

Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute

5295:Department of Land Records, Bengal (India) (1932). 4889: 4887: 2240:, the Bagals of Jharkhand were associated with the 1543:

Odisha district Gazetteers : Mayurbhanj (1967)

1463:pastures every day. One day that Bagal shows some 196:(pronounced as Bāgāl) is a cattle herding caste of 6669:. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 2010-04-23. p. 669. 6380: 5486: 5121:Jamshedpur: The Growth of the City and Its Regions 5065:Backward classes list of Jharkhand state (Sl. 113) 4979:"१०३ पिछड़ी जातियों की जमीन खरीद सकते हैं अगड़े ।" 4173:Simantararhi O Jharkhandi Banglar Gramin Sabdakosa 3743:Prasad, Biswa Nath; Shastri, Sudhakar Jha (1958). 3480:. Department of Anthropology, Calcutta University. 3427:The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 2692: 2690: 360:Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India 4387:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1082. 3822:(Thesis). University of North Bengal. p. 81. 3244: 2507:states that the Bagals residing in the undivided 2334:In between 1970 and 1975, there were a number of 1947:, a festival centered around cattle worship, and 1897:, which involves the participation of neighbors. 1758:that fuelled up the Bagals to participate in the 7193: 6083: 5991:Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb; Maiti, Asok Kumar (1989). 5792:(1). Raja Narendralal Khan Women's College: 72. 5021:"झींकपानी में बागाल खंडवाल समाज ने दिखाई एकता ।" 4884: 4481:Progress of Education in India: Decennial Review 3770: 3502:District Census Handbook, West Bengal: Midnapore 3392: 3390: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 2576: 2574: 1549:In their manners and customs, they are like the 7141:Caste System in India: A Historical Perspective 6851:. Vol. 43. Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. 5986: 5984: 5982: 5857:Vakoch, Douglas A.; Anae, Nicole (2022-08-08). 5567:Rural labour arrangements in West Bengal, India 5424: 5422: 5029:(in Hindi). Paschim Singhbhum. December 5, 2016 4938:. New Delhi: Sarop & Sons. pp. 69–87. 4450:. Bengal Secretariat Press. pp. 193, 199. 4365:. Vol. 20. The Society. 1977. p. 345. 4176:(in Bengali). The Asiatic Society. p. 467. 3949:Pramanick, Swapan Kumar; Manna, Samita (2007). 2744:. Subsequently, following the 1911 census, the 2687: 806:γ. Bagals returned as Hindu religion believers. 5990: 5763:District Census Handbook, West Bengal: Purulia 5485:Assam Labour Enquiry Committee, India (1906). 5233:Paścimbangēr pūjā-pārbaṇ ō mēla – tṛtīÿa khaṇḍ 4634: 4632: 3948: 3629: 3342: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 2500: 2346:house. In response, on February 20, 1980, the 2255:. In this context, they are often referred as 2146:During Karam puja, they sing Karam song like; 1774:, yet they do not possess specific Hinduistic 1296:] instead, they associate themselves with 853:Current distribution of Bagal people in India 252:). Their socio-cultural behaviour is blend of 6632:"Demands of Jharkhand Andolon Samanway Manch" 6262:Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society 6027:"Change in Criteria for inclusion in ST List" 4831: 4829: 4671: 4645:Census of the Lower Provinces of Bengal, 1891 4638: 4564: 4562: 4436: 4434: 4292: 3742: 3387: 3319: 3221: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2571: 2400:state Scheduled Tribes list. During the 2009 2305:in 1891, and only 1.1 percent (18 people) in 2256: 1485:believed that the Bagal people migrated from 454:), 2,180 from Manbhum (912 – Barabhum, 320 – 6955:People of India – Bihar, including Jharkhand 6492:. West Bengal Government Press. p. 496. 5979: 5826:"কাঠি নাচ পুনরুজ্জীবনে অনুষ্ঠান ঝাড়গ্রামে" 5419: 5408: 4855: 4608: 4568: 4258: 4242:Tribal Odyssey: A Journey Between Two Worlds 4202: 3555: 3430:. Vol. 41. The Survey. 1992. p. 7. 3253: 3089:of West Bengal; and the Baghban compose the 1514:in the present census, Bagal has been listed 1339:other but use the generic occupational name 1118:, but do not explicitly state that they are 482:estimated 20,000 Bagals living in undivided 7036:Village Survey Monograph of Bhumij Dhan Sol 6855: 6844: 6833: 6505:Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute 6472:Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute 5747:Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute 5402: 5192: 4897:Sahoo, Yudhishṭhira; Sahoo, Ananta (2007). 4629: 4602: 3975: 3867:Routledge Handbook of South Asian Religions 3371: 3359: 3348: 3336: 3325: 3281: 3248: 3191: 3140: 2909: 2504: 2319: 1713: 1622:, Bagal people are might be descendants of 479: 6985:People of India – India's communities: A-G 6822:Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress 6785: 6755: 6444: 6200:. Akalank Publications. pp. 342, 386. 5856: 5588: 4896: 4826: 4559: 4469: 4431: 4206:Bengal Districts Gazetteers : Birbhum 3955:. Serials Publications. pp. 10, 553. 3869:. Routledge & CRC Press. p. 229. 3656: 3396: 3313: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3259: 3215: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3157: 2759: 2475: 2473: 1615:and adopting a cattle herding occupation. 200:. Bagal people are living in the state of 7054: 6795: 6765: 6180:, provided the basis for this correction. 5997:. Inter-India Publications. p. 183. 5766:. Superintendent, Government Print. 1965. 5631: 5412:West Bengal District Gazetteers: Puruliya 5157: 5139: 5108: 3815: 2892:, the Bagal community is subdivided into 1335:), Patkumia, Sikharia, Tentla in Odisha. 1132:do. The Bagals of rural areas are either 1096:community and as an unclean caste by the 985:of East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand; 296:The term "Bagal" is pronounced as Bāgāl ( 7069: 6434:. Vol. LIV No–10. 1939. p. 26. 6344: 6123: 6086:"Tribes Advisory Council Meeting Report" 5913: 5911: 5779:"Jhargram and Few Endangered Folkdances" 5641:. Orient Longman. pp. 84, 84, 168. 5428: 5171:from the original on December 13, 2022. 4275: 4238: 4138: 4099: 4097: 4054: 4052: 4039: 4037: 3864: 3663:. Oxford University Press. p. 166. 3534: 3473: 2559:, such as Nagpuri (Sadri), Kurmali, and 1476: 843: 7133:from the original on December 12, 2022. 7118:from the original on December 12, 2022. 7107: 7011: 5204: 4612:Bihar and Orissa – Census of India 1911 4498: 4424:] (in Odia). Baripada. p. 33. 3515:from the original on September 2, 2022. 3287: 3163: 2700:individuals (who are distinct from the 2470: 2251:) and socio-cultural alignment to the 1770:The Bagal community embraces a form of 7194: 7074:. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. 6412:Education Dept. Bengal, India (1928). 6351:. Delhi: Daya Pub. House. p. 19. 6189: 5994:Forest and Forest Development in India 5776: 5563: 5301:. Bengal Government Press. p. 29. 4931: 4835: 4732: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4362:The Indian Journal of Labour Economics 4015: 3587: 3559:Orissa district Gazetteera: Mayurbhanj 3538:Odisha District Gazetteer (Mayurbhanj) 3203: 3000:, and the Chandil-Gamharia Hill Range. 2314:outcomes was found to be unfavorable. 1983:, Burha-Budhi, Bagut/Bhahuti, Rohini, 1943:For the youth of the Bagal community, 1362: 7137: 7096: 7065:from the original on 3 November 2022. 7020: 6979: 6949: 6919: 6581: 6534:from the original on 7 November 2022. 6489:Assembly Proceedings: official report 6313:"Sarpanch candidate, an OBC [ 6282: 6255: 6230: 6190:Mandal, Bindhyeshwari Prasad (1991). 5908: 5661: 5464: 5462: 5370: 5229: 5117: 5099: 5093: 4778: 4625:from the original on 5 December 2023. 4380: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4325:"Bonded Labour in Northeastern India" 4322: 4279:The Social System in a Bengal Village 4254: 4252: 4169: 4094: 4069: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4043: 4034: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3916: 3912: 3910: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3832: 3766: 3764: 3535:Taradatt, Dr; Basa, Kishor K (eds.). 3527: 3525: 3477:Caste and Service in a Bengal Village 3450:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 31. 3443: 3302: 3264: 3180: 2889: 2885: 2606:in Dhalbhum region and also tried to 2484: 2480: 2315: 2267:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 2237: 1619: 1407: 368:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 337: 7158: 6722:. p. 3. No. 177. Archived from 6626: 6220:(Report). Government of India. 1980. 5957:. Mittal Publications. p. 104. 5950: 5917: 5455:from the original on 3 October 2022. 5327: 5077:from the original on March 24, 2018. 5050:(in Hindi). Chaibasa. March 1, 2023. 4805:. Ajanta Publications. p. 120. 4798: 4782:The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal 4440: 3716:"The New Linguistic Survey of India" 3683: 3630:Singh, K. S.; Manoharan, S. (1993). 3566:from the original on 22 October 2022 3484: 3439: 3437: 3420: 3418: 3045:of West Bengal; the Raneban compose 2944:voiced retroflex lateral approximant 2027:Pata Nach, Kathi Nach, Khemta Nach, 1545:, the Bagals are noted in this way; 1166:with variation in pronunciation and 228:(with local variations, labelled as 7122: 6818: 6560:from the original on June 13, 2021. 6445:Chatterjee, Ramananda, ed. (1932). 6165:from the original on 19 March 2024. 5681: 5570:(DPhil thesis). Oxford University. 5432:Some aspects of Indian anthropology 5246: 4660: 4259:Bhattacharya, Sudhibhushan (1968). 4145:Linguistic survey of India, Vol – V 3798: 3636:. Anthropological Survey of India. 3498: 3270: 1080: 13: 7027: 6642:from the original on June 25, 2022 6616:from the original on May 14, 2016. 5459: 5435:. Subarnarekhra; Samita Bhowmick. 5409:Bhattacharya, Birendra Ku (1985). 5134:by Bagal, Jillingora by Santal, .. 5008:(in Hindi). Saraikela. Aug 4, 2016 4369: 4265:. Indian Publications. p. 68. 4249: 4064: 3937: 3907: 3853: 3761: 3616:from the original on July 1, 2021. 3522: 3185: 3053:of Jharkhand; the Arunban compose 2014: 496: 422:where 1529 Bagals are included in 240:Bagal is assumed as an ethnically 16:Cattle herding caste of East India 14: 7253: 7114:. Calcutta: Indian publications. 7072:Brahminization in Frontier Bengal 6582:Ghose, Saswati (1–7 April 2011). 6396:National Digital Library of India 6141:from the original on 12 May 2022. 5918:Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2007). 5205:Kāmilyā, Mihira Caudhurī (2006). 5167:. Special volume II. p. 47. 4987:(in Hindi). Ranchi. March 2, 2012 4758:from the original on 15 July 2023 4587:from the original on 15 July 2023 4454:from the original on 15 July 2023 4415: 4170:Karan, Sudhir Kumar, ed. (2002). 3839:. R.N. Bhattacharya. p. 35. 3434: 3415: 1751:to fight against the Britishers. 1222:, etc. bearing both totemic clan 977:of Saraikela Kharsawan district, 6704: 6680: 6676:from the original on 2 Jul 2022. 6654: 6620: 6575: 6564: 6538: 6512: 6496: 6479: 6463: 6438: 6422: 6405: 6373: 6338: 6305: 6276: 6256:Panda, Santanu (November 2011). 6249: 6224: 6207: 6183: 6145: 6117: 6106: 6077: 6066:from the original on 20 Jan 2022 6048: 6037:from the original on 30 Dec 2019 6019: 5944: 5881: 5850: 5818: 5770: 5754: 5738: 5545:"ଚାହା ବଗିଚା ସକାଶେ କୁଲି ସଂଗ୍ରହ". 5208:Rāṛhera janajāti o lokasaṃskr̥ti 5124:. Asiatic Society. p. 157. 4872:from the original on 20 May 2023 4111:On the question of religion the 3993:Department of Education (1993). 3588:Miśhra, Prabodha Kumāra (2008). 3551:from the original on 2021-05-07. 3365: 3353: 3104: 3003: 2487:, the Bagals of Jharkhand speak 2218:themselves with the local Hindu 1857:(low-cost/urgent marriage), and 1676:(workers in exchange for food), 1161:of Bagals of Midnapore includes 757: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 720: 711: 708: 705: 661: 658: 635: 619: 616: 599: 596: 593: 590: 584: 581: 495:1909 map of Chota Nagpur region 301: 27: 6788:Census of Mayurbhanj State 1931 6758:Census of Mayurbhanj State 1931 6748: 5722: 5675: 5655: 5625: 5582: 5557: 5538: 5478: 5364: 5348: 5321: 5305: 5288: 5240: 5223: 5198: 5186: 5084: 5057: 4968: 4849: 4792: 4772: 4739:A Statistical Account Of Bengal 4726: 4696: 4522: 4409: 4353: 4316: 4286: 4269: 4232: 4216: 4196: 4180: 4163: 4132: 4009: 3986: 3969: 3865:Jacobsen, Knut A., ed. (2020). 3833:Maiti, Narayan Chandra (2007). 3826: 3809: 3792: 3736: 3708: 3677: 3650: 3623: 3591:Oḍiā jātira itihāsa o saṃskr̥ti 3581: 3330: 3307: 3275: 3209: 3197: 2961: 2932: 2878: 2824: 2793: 2515:(Bagal language) and they also 2236:. For instance, as observed by 2143:(symbolising the tie of love). 1521:as a vague and indefinite entry 1104:stage of outside and the lower 1061:, Betnati, Khunta, Samakhunta, 6383:The Bengal Education Code 1931 5922:. Concept Publishing Company. 5247:Dan, Koushik (November 2015). 4299:Purnnachandra Odia Bhashakosha 4282:. Editions Indian. p. 42. 4276:Sengupta, Syamalkanti (1973). 3464: 2642: 2265:) to enlisting a community in 2245:habits of homemade rice beer ( 1170:. Which are named after their 1: 7165:Economic and Political Weekly 6786:Laeequddin, Muhammad (1935). 6756:Laeequddin, Muhammad (1937). 6593:. Vol. 44, no. 38. 5920:Forest, Government, and Tribe 5891:Folk Narrative and World View 5731:Saṃgrāmī purusha Kumāracandra 5507:The Asiatic Society of Mumbai 4711:. Sec. Manbhum. pp. 8, 15, 18 4572:Bengal – Census of India 1911 4502:The Scheduled Castes in India 3129: 2616:Austroasiatic family language 2172:Ghorā Chari Aairay Indo Rāni. 2168:Hāti Chari Aairay Karam Rājā, 1812: 1557:And Marvin G. Davis noted as; 1266:) and non-totemic clan like 533:Chota Nagpur Tributary States 396:Chota Nagpur Tributary States 353: 248:(semi-tribal/ semi-Hinduized 7222:Social groups of West Bengal 7097:Karan, Sudhir Kumar (1965). 5860:Indian Feminist Ecocriticism 5371:Davis, Marvin (1983-03-10). 4005:– via Dspace of NIEPA. 3976:Kedāranātha, Pāhāṛi (1969). 3799:Ray, Himangsu Mohan (1986). 3134: 2501:Singh & Manoharan (1993) 2160:Karam Rājākay Dhutia Parābo, 1903: 1696:(335/120), Farmer (262/76), 1512:province of Bihar and Orissa 1453: 1436:Barbagal, Mahabagal, Mahakur 1406:In comparison, according to 1375:serving as the head and the 291: 7: 7242:Indian castes by profession 7227:Ethnic groups in South Asia 6856:Chakraborty, S. K. (2012). 5951:Bera, Gautam Kumar (2008). 5589:Chatterjee, Partha (1996). 5230:Mitra, Ashoka, ed. (1961). 4799:Bose, Pradip Kumar (1984). 4609:O'Malley, L. S. S. (1913). 4569:O'Malley, L. S. S. (1913). 4418:ମୟୂରଭଞ୍ଜର ଲୋକଗୀତ ଓ ଲୋକନୃତ୍ୟ 4203:O'Malley, L. S. S. (1910). 2539:, with variations in local 2373:for them. On May 15, 1985, 2192: 2130:Dhūdhi latē bāndhiab uyàke. 2077:Khūnji Khūnji–Jhāmralai Mai 2011:in their cultural customs. 1760:Independence India movement 1719: 1309:As per Singh (1996) edited 274:socio-cultural purification 235: 10: 7258: 7212:Social groups of Jharkhand 7103:(in Bengali). E. Mukhārjī. 6317:], files papers as ST" 6283:Dutta, Anwita (May 2013). 6170:Bengal Education Code 1931 5328:Saha, Sanghamitra (1998). 5146:Journal of Social Research 4531:Indian Franchise Committee 4381:Singh, K. S., ed. (1996). 4262:Ethno-musicology and India 4106:The Eastern Anthropologist 3979:Sama-Sāmaýika Nārāyanagara 3684:Saha, Atanu (2018-07-28). 3380: 3041:district of Jharkhand and 2983:, Bankuar from the former 2912:, they are referred to as 2509:Paschim Medinipur district 2458:Ministry of Tribal Affairs 2329:Scheduled Castes or Tribes 2164:Indo Rānikay Sāriā Parābo. 2156:Ako Chotāy Ghar Ghuri Jāo, 2126:Balē debē hē hāmār saiyãkē 2081:Tāo Bāgāl ghūrē nāi āishe. 1954: 1851:Palaniya/Sindur-ghasa beha 1765: 1635:socio-historical processes 1448: 1051:Paschim Medinipur district 260:, and they are one of the 7012:Ghoshal, Chhanda (2006). 6909:The People of India, 1992 6827:Asiatic Society of Bengal 6825:. Vol. 62. pt. 2–3. 6718:(in Odia). Vol. 29. 5331:A Handbook of West Bengal 4935:Aspects of Tribal Studies 4505:. Gyan Publishing House. 4499:Kashyap, Anirban (1996). 4323:Brass, Tom (2016-01-04). 4239:Bhaumika, Saritā (1987). 4077:Tradition and development 3982:(in Bengali). p. 16. 3816:Anowarulb, Islam (2005). 3802:Savara, the Snake Charmer 3114:' – a scheduled tribe in 2908:Gop. In contrast, as per 2754:Bihar and Orissa Province 2393:Shrimati Ram Dilari Sinha 2242:All India Yadav Mahasabha 2226:in India. In the form of 2102:(herder boy) had gone to 1672:(annual domestic serfs), 1579:group of castes, such as 1399:, or payment of goods or 941: 931: 877: 801: 762: 604: 518: 512: 509: 494: 173: 151: 117: 99: 91: 52: 42: 26: 21: 7159:Xaxa, Virginius (1999). 7123:Das, Amal Kumar (1968). 6925:People of India – Odisha 6056:"Inclusion Into SC List" 5865:Rowman & Littlefield 5833:archives.anandabazar.com 5827: 4019:Paścimabaṅgera saṃskr̥ti 3474:Bhowmick, P. K. (1963). 2463: 2397:Ministry of Home Affairs 2348:Ministry of Home Affairs 7217:Social groups of Odisha 7144:. Kalpaz Publications. 7100:Sīmāntabāṅlāra lokayāna 6231:Danda, Ajit K. (1996). 5429:Bhowmick, P.K. (1980). 4016:Ghosha, Binaẏa (1976). 3917:Gupta, Swarupa (2009). 3316:, pp. 373–400, 404 3081:) and ten southwestern 2726:Orissa Tributary States 2557:Sadanic language family 2311:Orissa Tributary States 2257: 2204:primary spoken language 2069:Bāchchur gelāk Rānebanē 1347:) as the lineage name ( 567:Orissa Tributary States 486:during his field work. 388:Orissa Tributary States 7237:Ethnic groups in India 7108:Bhowmik, P.K. (1969). 6325:The New Indian Express 6268:: 263–271 – via 5682:Das, Suranjan (1995). 4548:: CS1 maint: others ( 3923:. BRILL. p. 294. 3444:Singh, Swaran (1994). 2428:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2406:Dr. Pulin Bihari Baske 2291:Colonial rule in India 2055:Often those songs and 1573: 1555: 1539: 1458:The myth of Bagals of 1280:Buru Bhatua/ Buruhatua 1147: 1108:of four-varna system. 1021:of Jhargram district, 849: 501: 6630:(November 10, 2009). 4859:Census of India, 1911 4845:. Firma Mukhopadhyay. 4337:10.4324/9781315821931 4331:. London: Routledge. 3875:10.4324/9780429054853 3633:Languages and Scripts 3027:Panch pargania region 2956:voiced retroflex flap 2660:. In 1931, Bagals of 2584:are a section of the 2555:originating from the 2295:Chota Nagpur Division 2090:The cows had gone to 2001:sacrificial offerings 1849:(arranged marriage), 1694:Agricultural labourer 1680:(animal caretakers), 1643:social stratification 1559: 1547: 1507: 1477:Origin and occupation 1110: 1091:Munda ethnolinguistic 1001:of Bankura district, 975:Gobindapur (Rajnagar) 847: 500: 436:Chota Nagpur Division 276:processes during the 7138:Singh, Ekta (2005). 5564:Rogaly, Ben (1994). 5471:Religion and Society 5118:Dutta, Maya (1977). 2426:with the support of 2379:Shri Chintamani Jena 2344:West Bengal Assembly 2185:and Queen Indo with 2152:Karam Kātoray Dādā, 2073:Bāgāl gelak Arunbanē 1611:, having settled in 1428:Desh Pradhan/Mahakur 979:Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai 971:Adityapur (Gamarhia) 817:Odia princely states 5633:Samāddāra, Raṇabīra 5551:Mayurbhanj Gazzetta 4538:on 18 January 2017. 3660:India's Communities 3099:Sundargarh district 3019:Saraikela Kharsawan 2718:The People of India 2682:The People of India 2623:Indo-Aryan language 2549:grammatical markers 2356:Shri Matilal Hansda 2276:Kalelkar Commission 2094:, Calf had gone to 1987:, Pahar, Sannyash, 1747:and other regional 1397:physical punishment 1363:Social organisation 1312:The People of India 1172:ancestral territory 1134:subsistence farmers 1098:caste-based society 1075:Kendrapara district 882:Saraikela Kharsawan 854: 491: 414:; 91 Khandwal from 335:Odia pronunciation: 174:Historical grouping 146:Sareikela Kharsawan 6693:New Indian Express 6327:. January 24, 2022 6234:Tribal Ethnography 6197:] Introduction 5837:আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা 5663:Mouat, Frederic J. 5611:10.5749/j.ctttsttm 5193:Chakraborty (2012) 5164:The Anthropologist 4779:Mitra, A. (1953). 3372:Chakraborty (2012) 3360:Chakraborty (2012) 3349:Chakraborty (1988) 3337:Chakraborty (2012) 3326:Chakravarti (1995) 3282:Chakraborty (2012) 3249:Chakraborty (2012) 3218:, pp. 123–124 3192:Chakraborty (2012) 3051:Sahebganj district 2952:Dravidian language 2940:standard character 2910:Chakraborty (2012) 2672:are classified as 2664:are classified as 2652:are classified as 2586:Munda ethnic group 2505:Chakraborty (2012) 2489:Jharkhandi Bengali 2436:President of India 2402:Lalgarh insurgency 2371:uplifting measures 2320:Chakraborty (2012) 2284:affirmative action 2271:affirmative action 2065:Gāi gelāk bijubanē 1979:, Garam-Dharam or 1731:and high taxes on 1714:Chakraborty (2012) 1647:Subarnarekha River 1491:Singhbhum district 1192:Baghamaria Pathcom 852: 850: 791: Included in 779: Included in 767: Included in 502: 489: 484:Medinipur district 480:Chakraborty (2012) 331:Rakhals/Baromasias 282:non-Vedic Hinduism 7171:(24): 1519–1524. 7151:978-81-7835-301-2 6994:978-0-19-563354-2 6964:978-81-7046-302-3 6934:978-81-7046-293-4 6867:978-81-922974-2-2 6797:saoa.crl.25352831 6767:saoa.crl.25352830 6663:Lok Sabha Debates 6547:Lok Sabha Debates 6521:Lok Sabha Debates 6448:The Modern Review 6358:978-81-7035-086-6 6093:Forest Rights Act 6004:978-81-210-0220-2 5964:978-81-8324-145-8 5929:978-81-8069-406-6 5901:978-3-631-48698-6 5874:978-1-6669-0872-5 5648:978-81-250-1025-8 5602:978-0-8166-2687-8 5384:978-0-521-28880-4 5341:978-81-85692-24-1 4812:978-0-8364-1285-7 4687:saoa.crl.25318681 4654:saoa.crl.25352806 4581:saoa.crl.25393766 4512:978-81-212-0511-5 4416:Sahoo, Mohanlal. 4394:978-0-19-563357-3 4346:978-1-315-82193-1 3962:978-81-8387-100-6 3930:978-90-04-17614-0 3846:978-81-87661-86-3 3690:Language in India 3670:978-0-19-563354-2 3643:978-0-19-563352-8 3601:978-81-7411-656-7 3457:978-81-212-0466-8 3397:Laeequddin (1937) 3314:Laeequddin (1937) 3260:Laeequddin (1935) 3216:Laeequddin (1935) 3158:Laeequddin (1937) 3087:Paschim Medinipur 3085:of the undivided 2920:Bagal, Khanroal ( 2742:British territory 2654:Pastoralist Caste 2430:(JMM) and sent a 2352:Seventh Lok Sabha 2280:Mandal Commission 2232:, seeking higher 2208:job opportunities 2122:Bāt gele bāte nāi 2118:Hāt gele hāte nāi 1853:(love marriage), 1847:Dekha-chahan beha 1780:etiological myths 1745:Santhal rebellion 1741:Bengal Presidency 1613:East Chota Nagpur 1609:aboriginal origin 1595:, seeking higher 1541:Additionally, in 1073:, Mahakalpada of 955: 954: 933:Paschim Singhbhum 904:Paschim Medinipur 842: 841: 348:Singhbhum-Manbhum 191: 190: 180:, Serving Caste, 178:Pastoralist Caste 130:Paschim Medinipur 7249: 7188: 7155: 7134: 7119: 7104: 7093: 7066: 7051: 7041: 7022: 7017: 7006: 6976: 6946: 6895: 6852: 6841: 6830: 6809: 6799: 6779: 6769: 6742: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6728: 6717: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6668: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6638:(Mailing list). 6636:mail-archive.com 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6588: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6552: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6526: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6409: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6386: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6289:(DPhil thesis). 6280: 6274: 6273: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6187: 6181: 6176:'s reply in the 6174:A. K. Fazlul Huq 6166: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6133: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6095:. Archived from 6090: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6023: 6017: 6016: 5988: 5977: 5976: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5915: 5906: 5905: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5806: 5800:. Archived from 5783: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5688:Social Scientist 5679: 5673: 5672: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5492: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5426: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5400: 5396: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5282: 5276: 5270:. Archived from 5262:(III): 263–271. 5253: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5180: 5159:Vidyarthi, L. P. 5154: 5136: 5112: 5106: 5088: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5069: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5016: 5014: 5013: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4972: 4966: 4957: 4928: 4900:Rājuāra pariciti 4891: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4673:O'donnell, C. J. 4669: 4658: 4657: 4640:O'Donnell, C. J. 4636: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4617: 4606: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4566: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4495: 4485: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4378: 4367: 4366: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4256: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4101: 4092: 4091: 4071: 4062: 4056: 4047: 4041: 4032: 4031: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3946: 3935: 3934: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3862: 3851: 3850: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3779: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3720: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3552: 3550: 3543: 3529: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3507: 3492: 3481: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3394: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3300: 3285: 3284:, pp. 75–78 3279: 3273: 3268: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3246: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3178: 3161: 3155: 3123: 3121: 3108: 3102: 3043:Purulia district 3007: 3001: 2975:, Sonahatu from 2965: 2959: 2936: 2930: 2882: 2876: 2828: 2822: 2819:Bagal (Khandwal) 2797: 2791: 2768: 2757: 2747: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2699: 2694: 2685: 2670:Mayurbhanj State 2646: 2640: 2578: 2569: 2537:Manbhumi dialect 2499:. Additionally, 2477: 2454:Shri Arjun Munda 2375:Eighth Lok Sabha 2299:Feudatory States 2260: 2212:culture of state 1871:Jethi-sauri beha 1749:peasant movement 1684:(laborers), and 1528: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1214:subdivided into 1202:subdivided into 1190:subdivided into 1178:subdivided into 1145: 1081:Social structure 1071:Bhadrak district 855: 851: 795: 790: 786: 783: 778: 774: 771: 766: 693: 631: 492: 488: 440:Feudatory States 372:Mayurbhanj State 341: 339:[bɔgaɭɔ] 336: 324: 323: 320: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 299: 218:Manbhumi dialect 100:Populated states 69:Manbhumi dialect 31: 19: 18: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7192: 7191: 7152: 7082: 7039: 7033: 7030: 7028:Further reading 7025: 6995: 6965: 6935: 6868: 6751: 6746: 6745: 6732: 6730: 6729:on 30 July 2022 6726: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6586: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6565: 6557: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6484: 6480: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6439: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6410: 6406: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6330: 6328: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6281: 6277: 6254: 6250: 6229: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6188: 6184: 6167: 6162: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6138: 6131: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6102:on 5 July 2021. 6099: 6088: 6082: 6078: 6069: 6067: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6040: 6038: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6005: 5989: 5980: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5930: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5886: 5882: 5875: 5855: 5851: 5842: 5840: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5781: 5775: 5771: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5700:10.2307/3520215 5680: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5630: 5626: 5603: 5587: 5583: 5562: 5558: 5547:ମୟୂରଭଞ୍ଜ ଗେଜେଟା 5544: 5543: 5539: 5483: 5479: 5468: 5467: 5460: 5427: 5420: 5407: 5403: 5385: 5369: 5365: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5326: 5322: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5293: 5289: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5228: 5224: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5141:Vidyarthi, L.P. 5113: 5109: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5074: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5040: 5032: 5030: 5019: 5011: 5009: 4998: 4990: 4988: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4946: 4892: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4854: 4850: 4834: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4759: 4731: 4727: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4670: 4661: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4590: 4588: 4567: 4560: 4541: 4540: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4488: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4457: 4455: 4439: 4432: 4414: 4410: 4395: 4379: 4370: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4321: 4317: 4305: 4303: 4294:Praharaj, G. C. 4291: 4287: 4274: 4270: 4257: 4250: 4237: 4233: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4168: 4164: 4151: 4149: 4137: 4133: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4050: 4042: 4035: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3991: 3987: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3947: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3908: 3885: 3863: 3854: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3814: 3810: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3655: 3651: 3644: 3628: 3624: 3602: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3567: 3548: 3541: 3530: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3505: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3442: 3435: 3424: 3423: 3416: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3179: 3164: 3156: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3109: 3105: 3008: 3004: 2990:Munda languages 2966: 2962: 2937: 2933: 2883: 2879: 2829: 2825: 2798: 2794: 2769: 2760: 2745: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2697: 2695: 2688: 2666:Aboriginal race 2647: 2643: 2618:and shifted to 2579: 2572: 2533:Nagpuri (Sadri) 2478: 2471: 2466: 2452:requested 2440:Bisheshwar Tudu 2377:– 2nd session; 2354:– 5th session; 2336:retribalisation 2229:sanskritisation 2224:social mobility 2195: 2176: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2134: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2108:They also sing 2107: 2085: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2017: 2015:Dance and music 1957: 1906: 1815: 1768: 1728:zamindari rules 1722: 1712:. Furthermore, 1663:Northeast India 1655:Baitarani River 1605:ethnolinguistic 1535:Saraikela State 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1503:Bengal province 1479: 1467:dancing in the 1456: 1451: 1393:excommunication 1365: 1258:(singai fish), 1149:There are four 1146: 1140: 1083: 950:Purba Medinipur 807: 805: 803: 788: 787: 784: 776: 775: 772: 764: 763: 728: 694: 688: 626: 569: 535: 529: 526: 364:Census of India 356: 334: 304: 300: 297: 294: 278:Sanskritization 238: 182:Aboriginal race 72: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7255: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7202:Herding castes 7190: 7189: 7156: 7150: 7135: 7120: 7105: 7094: 7080: 7067: 7052: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7009: 7008: 7007: 6993: 6983:, ed. (1998). 6977: 6963: 6953:, ed. (2008). 6947: 6933: 6923:, ed. (2012). 6896: 6866: 6853: 6842: 6831: 6816: 6783: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6703: 6700:. 27 Sep 2018. 6679: 6653: 6619: 6574: 6563: 6537: 6511: 6495: 6478: 6462: 6437: 6421: 6404: 6372: 6357: 6337: 6304: 6275: 6248: 6223: 6206: 6182: 6144: 6125:Kalelkar, Kaka 6116: 6105: 6076: 6047: 6018: 6003: 5978: 5963: 5943: 5928: 5907: 5900: 5880: 5873: 5867:. p. 40. 5849: 5835:(in Bengali). 5817: 5769: 5753: 5737: 5721: 5694:(4/6): 58–68. 5674: 5654: 5647: 5624: 5601: 5581: 5556: 5537: 5477: 5458: 5418: 5401: 5383: 5363: 5347: 5340: 5320: 5304: 5287: 5239: 5222: 5197: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5155: 5143:, ed. (1962). 5137: 5114: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5047:Dainik Bhaskar 5038: 5017: 4996: 4974: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4944: 4929: 4893: 4883: 4848: 4825: 4811: 4791: 4771: 4725: 4695: 4659: 4628: 4601: 4558: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4511: 4496: 4486: 4475: 4468: 4430: 4408: 4393: 4368: 4352: 4345: 4315: 4285: 4268: 4248: 4231: 4215: 4195: 4192:. p. 268. 4179: 4162: 4140:Grierson, G.A. 4131: 4093: 4087:978-8170220725 4086: 4063: 4048: 4033: 4008: 3985: 3968: 3961: 3936: 3929: 3906: 3883: 3852: 3845: 3825: 3808: 3791: 3760: 3735: 3707: 3676: 3669: 3649: 3642: 3622: 3600: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3553: 3531: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3496: 3482: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3433: 3414: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3341: 3329: 3318: 3306: 3286: 3274: 3263: 3252: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3162: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3116:Madhya Pradesh 3103: 3015:East Singhbhum 3011:West Singhbhum 3002: 2960: 2931: 2877: 2823: 2815:Bagal-Khandwal 2792: 2758: 2736:, and 48 from 2686: 2668:and Bagals of 2641: 2570: 2565:language shift 2517:multilingually 2468: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2263:untouchability 2214:. So they are 2194: 2191: 2148: 2114: 2061: 2016: 2013: 1956: 1953: 1905: 1902: 1855:Kuta-mala beha 1814: 1811: 1767: 1764: 1756:famine in 1943 1721: 1718: 1478: 1475: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1364: 1361: 1333:red weaver ant 1220:Kalia Banrdiha 1204:Bhitar Bukuria 1138: 1130:Utkal Brahmans 1082: 1079: 953: 952: 946: 945: 940: 935: 929: 928: 923: 918: 912: 911: 906: 901: 899:Purba Singbhum 895: 894: 889: 884: 879: 875: 874: 869: 864: 859: 840: 839: 800: 797: 796: 760: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 734: 733: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 700: 699: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 664: 663: 660: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 633: 632: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 602: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 576: 575: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 530: 527: 524: 521: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 504: 503: 355: 352: 298:Pronunciation: 293: 290: 266:Indian society 237: 234: 189: 188: 175: 171: 170: 153: 152:Related groups 149: 148: 142:East Singhbhum 119: 115: 114: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7254: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7232:Indian castes 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7143: 7142: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7112: 7106: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7081:9789386223968 7077: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7031: 7019: 7015: 7010: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6849: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6807: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6784: 6782: 6777: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6753: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6713: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6683: 6672: 6665: 6664: 6657: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6628:Rana, Santosh 6623: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6567: 6556: 6549: 6548: 6541: 6530: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6507: 6506: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6482: 6474: 6473: 6466: 6450: 6449: 6441: 6433: 6432: 6425: 6417: 6416: 6408: 6402: 6397: 6385: 6384: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6341: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6316: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6227: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6186: 6179: 6175: 6172:, along with 6171: 6161: 6154: 6148: 6137: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6109: 6098: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5912: 5903: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5884: 5876: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5853: 5839:. 21 Nov 2011 5838: 5834: 5830: 5821: 5807:on 2021-12-18 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5741: 5733: 5732: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5481: 5473: 5472: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5425: 5423: 5414: 5413: 5405: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5367: 5359: 5358: 5351: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5299: 5291: 5277:on 2022-06-18 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5179: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5073: 5066: 5060: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5018: 5007: 5006: 5005:Dainik Jagran 5001: 4997: 4986: 4985: 4984:Dainik Jagran 4980: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4888: 4868: 4861: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4837:Risley, H. H. 4832: 4830: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4795: 4784: 4783: 4775: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4734:Hunter, W. W. 4729: 4723: 4707: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4635: 4633: 4621: 4614: 4613: 4605: 4599: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573: 4565: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4301: 4300: 4296:(1931–1940). 4295: 4289: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4264: 4263: 4255: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4226: 4219: 4208: 4207: 4199: 4191: 4190: 4183: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4160: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4100: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4012: 3996: 3989: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3911: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3884:9780429054853 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3829: 3821: 3820: 3812: 3804: 3803: 3795: 3776: 3775: 3767: 3765: 3748: 3747: 3739: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3584: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3511: 3504: 3503: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3345: 3338: 3333: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3310: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3272: 3267: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3204:Mandal (2006) 3200: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3160:, p. 173 3159: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3139: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3057:(Bhilaidihi, 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2973:Garh Panchkot 2970: 2969:Patkum estate 2964: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2927: 2924:) Bagal, and 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884:According to 2881: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2707: 2706:Gaura (Gopal) 2704:of Bihar and 2703: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2674:Tribal Hindus 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658:Serving Caste 2655: 2651: 2645: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2580:Although the 2577: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2545:lexical items 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2479:According to 2476: 2474: 2469: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234:social status 2231: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1803:cauterization 1800: 1796: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1772:Folk Hinduism 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733:forest rights 1730: 1729: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1698:Tenant farmer 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682:Kamins/Muliya 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1618:According to 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:social status 1594: 1593:Gopal (Gauda) 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1513: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487:central India 1484: 1474: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1319:(fire wood), 1318: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1246:(seal fish), 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1217: 1216:Gora Banrdiha 1213: 1209: 1208:Bahir Bukuria 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1184:Harin Bankuar 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1152: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011:Gopiballavpur 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 951: 948: 947: 944: 939: 936: 934: 930: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 896: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 876: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 857: 856: 846: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 818: 814: 810: 799: 798: 794: 782: 770: 761: 754: 736: 735: 732: 727: 723: 717: 714: 702: 701: 698: 692: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 665: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 634: 630: 625: 622: 613: 610: 607: 603: 587: 578: 577: 573: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 542: 539: 534: 531: 523: 522: 515: 506: 505: 499: 493: 490:Census table 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452:Chakradharpur 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366:, except for 365: 361: 351: 349: 345: 340: 332: 328: 322: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 233: 231: 227: 226:mother tongue 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 187: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 150: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 113: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 58: 55: 51: 48: 47:Folk Hinduism 45: 41: 36: 30: 25: 20: 7168: 7164: 7140: 7125: 7110: 7099: 7071: 7057: 7035: 7013: 6984: 6981:Singh, K. S. 6954: 6951:Singh, K. S. 6924: 6921:Singh, S. K. 6912:" edited by 6907: 6857: 6847: 6836: 6821: 6787: 6757: 6749:Bibliography 6733:13 September 6731:. Retrieved 6724:the original 6706: 6691: 6682: 6662: 6656: 6644:. Retrieved 6635: 6622: 6590: 6577: 6566: 6546: 6540: 6520: 6514: 6504: 6498: 6488: 6481: 6471: 6465: 6453:. Retrieved 6447: 6440: 6430: 6424: 6414: 6407: 6394:– via 6389:. Retrieved 6382: 6375: 6347: 6340: 6329:. Retrieved 6314: 6307: 6285: 6278: 6270:ResearchGate 6265: 6261: 6251: 6233: 6226: 6209: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6147: 6119: 6108: 6097:the original 6092: 6079: 6068:. Retrieved 6059: 6050: 6039:. Retrieved 6030: 6021: 5993: 5953: 5946: 5919: 5890: 5883: 5859: 5852: 5841:. Retrieved 5832: 5820: 5809:. Retrieved 5802:the original 5789: 5785: 5772: 5762: 5756: 5746: 5740: 5730: 5724: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5667: 5657: 5637: 5627: 5591: 5584: 5566: 5559: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5510: 5505:– via 5488: 5480: 5470: 5431: 5411: 5404: 5373: 5366: 5356: 5350: 5330: 5323: 5313: 5307: 5297: 5290: 5279:. Retrieved 5272:the original 5259: 5255: 5242: 5232: 5225: 5207: 5200: 5188: 5172: 5163: 5150: 5145: 5130:by Santals, 5125: 5120: 5110: 5100:Singh (2008) 5094:Singh (1998) 5086: 5059: 5045: 5031:. Retrieved 5024: 5010:. Retrieved 5003: 4989:. Retrieved 4982: 4970: 4934: 4899: 4874:. Retrieved 4858: 4851: 4841: 4816:. Retrieved 4801: 4794: 4781: 4774: 4760:. Retrieved 4744:H. H. Risley 4738: 4728: 4713:. Retrieved 4704: 4698: 4677: 4644: 4611: 4604: 4589:. Retrieved 4571: 4536:the original 4530: 4524: 4501: 4490: 4480: 4471: 4456:. Retrieved 4446: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4383: 4361: 4355: 4328: 4318: 4304:. Retrieved 4298: 4288: 4278: 4271: 4261: 4241: 4234: 4224: 4218: 4205: 4198: 4188: 4182: 4172: 4165: 4150:. Retrieved 4144: 4134: 4110: 4105: 4076: 4059:Singh (2008) 4044:Singh (2012) 4018: 4011: 3999:. Retrieved 3988: 3978: 3971: 3951: 3919: 3866: 3835: 3828: 3818: 3811: 3801: 3794: 3782:. Retrieved 3773: 3751:. Retrieved 3745: 3738: 3726:. Retrieved 3723:hcommons.org 3722: 3710: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3659: 3652: 3632: 3625: 3590: 3583: 3568:. Retrieved 3558: 3537: 3501: 3488:Man in India 3487: 3476: 3466: 3446: 3426: 3410:Caste Hindus 3409: 3405: 3401:Caste Hindus 3400: 3367: 3362:, p. 67 3355: 3344: 3339:, p. 30 3332: 3321: 3309: 3303:Singh (2012) 3277: 3266: 3255: 3211: 3206:, p. 71 3199: 3194:, p. 18 3187: 3181:Singh (1998) 3106: 3073:, Kuilapal, 3005: 2998:Ayodhya hill 2963: 2934: 2890:Singh (1998) 2886:Singh (2012) 2880: 2853:Hill Tippera 2826: 2818: 2814: 2811:Rajuar Bagal 2810: 2807:Sabara Bagal 2806: 2801: 2795: 2717: 2678:Caste Hindus 2677: 2673: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2644: 2635:Haldipukuria 2633: 2626: 2608:Kshatriyaise 2601: 2595: 2589: 2513:Bagali Bhasa 2512: 2485:Singh (2012) 2481:Singh (1998) 2333: 2325: 2316:Singh (2012) 2288: 2253:Bhumij tribe 2246: 2238:Singh (2008) 2227: 2220:social order 2216:assimilating 2206:, center of 2196: 2186: 2182: 2179:Translation: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2137:Translation: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2088:Translation: 2087: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2037: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2008: 2004: 1958: 1945:Bandna Parab 1942: 1910: 1907: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1878: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1836:. After the 1833: 1829: 1827: 1816: 1806: 1798: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1769: 1753: 1737:Jangal Mahal 1726: 1723: 1702:Bullock cart 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1659:North Bengal 1631:ethnic group 1620:Singh (2012) 1617: 1574: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1542: 1540: 1508: 1494: 1480: 1468: 1465:Munda people 1457: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1408:Singh (1998) 1405: 1400: 1388: 1385:Luthukhanria 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1301: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1259: 1255: 1247: 1243: 1242:(tortoise), 1239: 1238:(sal fish), 1235: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196:Rahe Pathcom 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1180:Baku Bankuar 1179: 1175: 1168:romanization 1162: 1154: 1148: 1141: 1123: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1087:varna system 1084: 956: 838:of Manbhum. 808: 654: 649: 644: 639: 513:West Bengal 470:, and 200 – 386:, 1054 from 382:, 1403 from 357: 330: 295: 270:Subarnarekha 262:marginalized 239: 229: 193: 192: 186:Tribal Hindu 6914:K. 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They use 202:West Bengal 112:West Bengal 7196:Categories 7090:1019684231 6904:Haludpukur 6876:2013316332 6391:2022-01-22 6331:2022-05-02 6070:2022-07-21 6060:pib.gov.in 6041:2022-05-04 6031:pib.gov.in 5843:2022-03-16 5811:2022-01-22 5281:2022-11-03 5070:(Report). 5033:2023-05-25 5012:2023-05-25 4991:2023-05-25 4945:8176256188 4909:2007389738 4306:2022-08-05 3893:2020026882 3753:12 October 3570:22 October 3271:Das (1975) 3130:References 3101:of Odisha. 3091:Mayurbhanj 3075:Jhantibani 3039:Hazaribagh 2871:(21), and 2841:Mymensingh 2833:Jalpaiguri 2800:views and 2746:Ahir Gaura 2722:Ahir Gaura 2714:Ahir Gaura 2710:Ahir Gaura 2698:Ahir Gaura 2553:categories 2444:Mayurbhanj 2432:memorandum 2391:requested 2307:Mayurbhanj 2029:Chhou Nach 2022:Karam Nach 1949:Karam Puja 1934:Raja parab 1918:Durga Puja 1859:Sanga beha 1830:narta-ghar 1813:Life cycle 1651:Kangsabati 1531:Mayurbhanj 1499:Mayurbhanj 1434:, such as 1369:Desh-Sabha 1151:endogamous 1115:sat-sudras 943:Kendrapada 892:Mayurbhanj 572:Mayurbhanj 510:Jharkhand 450:and 360 – 398:, 10 from 354:Population 198:East India 126:Mayurbhanj 7177:0012-9976 6973:299081992 6943:858528738 6892:31211846M 6884:829240406 6848:Vanyajāti 6806:496724918 6776:496724918 6599:0016-2094 5973:233592054 5938:143331686 5798:2455-6319 5708:0970-0293 5576:153026568 5393:228142325 5268:2349-6711 5217:145733329 5132:Haludbani 5026:Hindustan 4954:255614228 4925:16472704M 4917:173219333 4544:cite book 4403:837447623 3901:225020778 3784:1 October 3702:1930-2940 3610:312097784 3135:Citations 3065:, Supur, 3059:Phulkusma 2904:Gop, and 2782:. But in 2269:list for 2141:Dudhi-lot 1930:Tusu puja 1926:Kali Puja 1904:Festivals 1895:shad-khia 1863:Sali beha 1838:mita-deoa 1834:mita-deoa 1795:tattooing 1670:Baromasia 1601:genealogy 1460:Midnapore 1454:Mythology 1327:(seed of 1252:boni bird 1234:(snake), 1067:Kaptipada 1023:Kharagpur 987:Ranibandh 967:Saraikela 878:District 862:Jharkhand 834:and 824:Kharsawan 820:Saraikela 731:Bhagalpur 629:Lohardaga 562:Medinipur 547:Singhbhum 541:Kharsawan 538:Saraikela 456:Baghmundi 448:Ghatshila 432:Bhagalpur 430:, 1 from 418:) except 416:Singhbhum 384:Singhbhum 380:Medinipur 292:Etymology 224:as their 206:Jharkhand 104:Jharkhand 53:Languages 43:Religions 7131:Archived 7116:Archived 7063:Archived 7003:40849565 6814:Alt URL2 6811:Alt URL1 6720:Balasore 6698:Baripada 6671:Archived 6640:Archived 6611:Archived 6607:42012561 6591:Frontier 6555:Archived 6529:Archived 6367:26858289 6321:Baripada 6243:35151885 6160:Archived 6136:Archived 6127:(1983). 6064:Archived 6035:Archived 6013:20013821 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