57:
368:
Sanskrit-based loanwords (Tatsama) and those words from other languages which have a half-R in the nominative case (the Arabic "darya" or "dariya," meaning ocean, as shown above), while the eyelash reph (also known as the "in the stomach" form, akin to a dagger to the "belly" of the Y, in colloquial usage) was to be used with pluralizations and stem forms of R-ending words ("valleys" and "cook" in the above example).
116:. What sets balabodha apart from the Devanagari script used for other languages is the more frequent and regular use of both ळ /ɭ/ (retroflex lateral approximant) and र् (called the eyelash reph / raphar). Additionally, Balbodh style has ऍ/ॲ and ऑ as adaptations to pronounce and in English-based words. Another distinctive feature is the use of Anusvara over trailing अ, denoting lengthening of the trailing vowel.
400:
decided to replace the Modi script with balabodha as the primary script of administration, for convenience and uniformity with the other areas of the presidency. The Modi script continued to be taught in schools until several decades later and continued to be used as an alternate script to
Balabodha.
367:
While common computer fonts may not provide both the eyelash and the simple reph/ rapahar or default to the simple raphar in QWERTY-keyboard based typing, a common instruction while writing by hand for the "ry" consonant cluster specifically was to use the simple raphar (common with
Sanskrit) for
139:
As far as the
Marathi literature is concerned, Bāḷabōdha can be assumed to be composed of "bāḷa" meaning primary and "bōdha" meaning knowledge. So Marathi bāḷabōdha may be understood as the primary knowledge of Marathi language. In primary knowledge, Muḷākshare (Basic Letters), consisting of 12
140:
vowels अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः (like A, E, I, O, and U in
English) and 36 consonants in five groups (क वर्ग, च वर्ग, ट वर्ग, त वर्ग and प वर्ग) and 11 individual consonants, are taught to children and illiterate persons through recitation and writing on slates.
216:. Of these, Konkani, Rajasthani, Bhili, and Kumaoni, Haryanavi, and the Saharanpur dialect use the Devanagari script. The retroflex lateral approximant does not exist in most other Indo-Aryan Indian languages.
388:, Bengal. At the time, Marathi books were generally written in balabodha. However, subsequent editions of William Carey's book on Marathi grammar, starting in 1810, did employ the Modi script.
836:
380:
was used for writing prose, and balabodha was used for writing poetry. When printing in
Marathi became possible, choosing between Modi and balabodha was a problem.
653:
270:
The eyelash reph / raphar (रेफ/ रफार) (र्) exists in
Marathi as well as Nepali. The eyelash reph / raphar (र्) is produced in Unicode by the sequence
45:
510:
586:
672:
384:
published the first book on
Marathi grammar in 1805 using balabodha since printing in the Modi script was not available to him in
754:
619:
479:
816:
701:
124:
The word balabodha is a combination of the words ‘बाळ’ /baːɭ/ and ‘बोध’ /boːd̪ʱ/. ‘बाळ’ is a neuter noun derived from the
538:
401:
The script was still widely used, until the 1940s, by the people of older generations for personal and financial uses.
796:
764:
629:
489:
70:
561:
27:
844:
404:
However, the use of Modi diminished since then and now
Balabodha is the primary script used to write Marathi.
225:
154:
41:
37:
673:"Prehistoric Implications of the Dravidian element in the NIA lexicon, with special attention to Marathi"
784:
381:
869:
521:
864:
430:
23:
8:
874:
683:
669:
189:
812:
475:
290:
and occurs at the beginning of a syllable, it is written as an eyelash reph / raphar.
792:
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592:
485:
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287:
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185:
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108:, translation: understood by children) is a slightly modified style of the
94:
565:
438:
377:
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233:
164:
Historically, the retroflex lateral approximant (ळ /ɭ/ ) existed in
169:
125:
74:
33:
77:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
237:
133:
265:
422:
In addition to
Marathi, balabodha is also used to write the
658:. Bombay : Bombay Education Society's Press. p. 593.
248:(as ළ). It is present in many Indian languages including
16:
Style of
Devanagari used for writing the Marathi language
172:. Today the Indo-Aryan languages in which it exists are
821:. Vol. 7. Shahu Research Institute. Archived from
811:
228:(ळ /ɭ/ ) exists in many Dravidian languages such as
32:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
699:
624:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 97 and 437.
286:. In Marathi, when ‘र’ is the first consonant of a
856:
148:
46:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
815:; Sangave, Vilas Adinath; Khane, B. D. (1997).
756:Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy
376:Before printing in Marathi was possible, the
727:. Pune: Shri Vishakha Prakashan. p. 26.
474:
759:. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49.
722:
112:used to write the Marathi language and the
651:
214:Saharanpur dialect of Northwestern Kauravi
508:
219:
559:
509:Bhimraoji, Rajendra (28 February 2014).
255:
700:Indic Working Group (7 November 2004).
159:
857:
791:. Serampur : Serampore Mission Press.
668:
614:
581:
783:
103:
737:
723:Kalyan, Kale; Soman, Anjali (1986).
647:
645:
610:
608:
606:
577:
575:
132:"child". ‘बोध’ is a male noun and a
36:. For the distinction between ,
752:
742:. Bombay: Directorate of Languages.
481:Compendium of the World's Languages
391:
13:
14:
886:
818:Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati papers
789:A Grammar of the Marathi Language
655:A Dictionary, Marathi and English
652:Molesworth, James Thomas (1857).
642:
603:
572:
407:
340:Using the (Simple) Reph / Raphar
753:Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994).
564:. Marathi Script. Archived from
343:Using the Eyelash Reph / Raphar
332:
55:
829:
805:
777:
746:
731:
716:
28:International Phonetic Alphabet
693:
662:
553:
531:
502:
468:
1:
595:. p. 425. Archived from
588:Current Trends in Linguistics
461:
431:Austroasiatic language family
226:retroflex lateral approximant
155:Retroflex lateral approximant
149:Retroflex lateral approximant
244:(ள). It was once present in
119:
7:
484:. Routledge. p. 1071.
448:
371:
143:
95:
10:
891:
740:Typography of Devanagari-1
680:University of Pennsylvania
511:"Reviving the Modi Script"
457:, the other Marathi script
411:
348:आचार्यास (to the teacher)
259:
152:
545:. Marathi. Archived from
433:, which is spoken by the
90:
621:The Indo-Aryan Languages
351:आचार्यास (to the cook)
702:"Devanagari Eyelash Ra"
670:Southworth, Franklin C.
478:; King, Gareth (2013).
200:(ਲ਼), most dialects of
188:(ળ), most varieties of
75:question marks or boxes
24:phonetic transcriptions
837:"History Of Modi Lipi"
706:The Unicode Consortium
560:Savargaonkar, Nilesh.
220:South Indian languages
136:meaning "perception".
101:Marathi pronunciation:
63:This article contains
21:This article contains
583:Sebeok, Thomas Albert
549:on 10 September 2013.
437:who live in parts of
396:On 25 July 1917, the
256:Eyelash reph / raphar
539:"Languages of India"
160:Indo-Aryan languages
105:[baːɭboːd̪ʱ]
847:on 25 October 2013.
825:on 7 December 2014.
773:on 7 December 2014.
738:Naik, B.S. (1971).
638:on 7 December 2014.
599:on 7 December 2014.
527:on 7 December 2014.
498:on 7 December 2014.
476:Campbell, George L.
196:, some dialects of
813:Chhatrapati, Shahu
562:"Marathi Language"
170:Classical Sanskrit
593:Walter de Gruyter
428:Munda subdivision
398:Bombay Presidency
363:
362:
359:दर्या (valleys)
330:
329:
288:consonant cluster
262:Zero-width joiner
110:Devanagari script
71:rendering support
882:
870:Marathi language
849:
848:
843:. Archived from
833:
827:
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809:
803:
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775:
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769:. Archived from
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729:
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725:Learning Marathi
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708:. Archived from
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691:
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689:on 28 June 2011.
688:
682:. Archived from
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634:. Archived from
616:Masica, Colin P.
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601:
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568:on 14 July 2014.
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551:
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529:
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520:. Archived from
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494:. Archived from
472:
392:As primary style
337:
336:
293:
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198:Punjabi language
168:and was lost in
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59:
58:
43:
39:
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865:Brahmic scripts
855:
854:
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751:
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732:
721:
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712:on 27 May 2014.
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69:Without proper
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785:Carey, William
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602:
585:, ed. (1971).
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443:Madhya Pradesh
424:Korku language
414:Korku language
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408:Korku language
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356:दर्या (ocean)
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250:Vedic Sanskrit
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202:Western Pahari
166:Vedic Sanskrit
161:
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153:Main article:
150:
147:
145:
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121:
118:
114:Korku language
73:, you may see
61:
54:
53:
52:
44:⟩, see
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798:9781108056311
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766:9788171880577
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491:9781136258466
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382:William Carey
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333:Minimal pairs
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845:the original
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823:the original
817:
807:
788:
779:
771:the original
755:
748:
739:
733:
724:
718:
710:the original
705:
695:
684:the original
679:
664:
654:
636:the original
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597:the original
587:
566:the original
555:
547:the original
542:
533:
522:the original
517:
504:
496:the original
480:
470:
435:Korku people
421:
418:Korku people
403:
395:
375:
366:
364:
269:
223:
163:
138:
129:
123:
82:
81:
62:
40:and ⟨
22:
455:Modi script
439:Maharashtra
378:Modi script
875:Devanagari
859:Categories
462:References
412:See also:
260:See also:
212:, and the
190:Rajasthani
65:Indic text
841:Modi Lipi
543:RBC Radio
386:Serampore
306:वाऱ्याचा
296:Examples
240:(ಳ), and
234:Malayalam
210:Haryanavi
120:Etymology
96:bāḷabōdha
787:(1805).
618:(1993).
449:See also
372:Printing
186:Gujarati
144:Features
126:Sanskrit
83:Balabodh
38:/ /
34:Help:IPA
518:Typoday
426:of the
326:दोऱ्या
321:सुऱ्या
316:ऱ्हस्व
301:तर्हा
246:Sinhala
238:Kannada
206:Kumaoni
178:Konkani
174:Marathi
134:tatsama
87:Marathi
26:in the
795:
763:
628:
488:
311:ऱ्हास
266:Virama
230:Telugu
91:बाळबोध
42:
687:(PDF)
676:(PDF)
525:(PDF)
514:(PDF)
242:Tamil
236:(ള),
232:(ళ),
194:Bhili
184:(ଳ),
182:Oriya
180:(ळ),
128:word
30:(IPA)
793:ISBN
761:ISBN
626:ISBN
486:ISBN
441:and
416:and
278:and
264:and
224:The
176:and
130:bāla
861::
839:.
704:.
678:.
644:^
605:^
591:.
574:^
541:.
516:.
445:.
283:+
281:+
275:+
273:+
252:.
208:,
204:,
192:,
99:,
93:,
89::
801:.
85:(
67:.
48:.
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