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672:
700:) setting the remaining lines including the refrain verse (bcbC). The two statements of the "A" section often have different endings, known as "ouvert" and "clos" respectively, with the harmony of the "ouvert" ending leading back to the beginning and that of the "clos" ending leading forward into the "B" section. In many ballades, the final part of the "B" section may reintroduce melodic material referring back to the end of the "A" part, a feature known as "musical rhyme" (or, in German,
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set to music. A few of them set two or even three poems to music simultaneously, with different texts sung in different voices. Most of the others have a single texted voice with either one or two untexted (instrumental) accompanying voices. One of the most notable writers of ballades in the 15th
140:
572:
The formes fixes were standard forms in French-texted song of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The ballade is usually in three stanzas, each ending with a refrain (a repeated segment of text and music).
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673:
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The many different rhyming words that are needed (the 'b' rhyme needs at least fourteen words) makes the form more difficult for
English than for French poets.
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588:. The last line in the stanza is a refrain. The stanzas are often followed by a four-line concluding stanza (an
569:) and one of the verse forms in France most commonly set to music between the late 13th and the 15th centuries.
1561:
712:, has the B part also divided into two repetitions, with the refrain line sung as part of the repetition.
719:, where the entire stanza is through-composed, i.e. without a repetition between the two "A" sections.
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There are many easy-to-identify variations to the ballade; it is in many ways similar to the
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wrote in the form. It was revived in the 19th century by
English-language poets including
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is therefore usually ababbcbC ababbcbC ababbcbC bcbC, where the capital "C" is a refrain.
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This article is about the poetry form. For other types of ballades and ballads, see
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784:. There are also instances of a double ballade and double-refrain ballade.
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854:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 264.
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rhyming ababbccdcD, with the envoi ccdcD or ccdccD. An example is
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A famous exception to the normal form is "Se la face ay pale" by
665:'s "Honte, paour, doubtance". Note the musical rhyme between the
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Brewer, Charles E. "French Ars nova". In Duffin, Ross W (ed.).
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of part A (m.15–18) and the end of the refrain (m.27–29).
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820:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 193.
704:). An alternative form employed by Machaut, known as
617:. Other notable English-language ballade writers are
526:
520:
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1553:
913:
584:, each with a consistent metre and a particular
861:"The Post-Machaut Generation of Poet-Musicians"
688:(AAB), with a first, repeated musical section (
547:) is a form of medieval and Renaissance French
722:
899:
480:
645:Schematic representation of a ballade stanza
580:form typically consists of three eight-line
801:J.P.E. Harper-Scott and Jim Samson (2009).
692:) setting the two initial pairs of verses (
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684:The musical form of a ballade stanza is a
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805:. cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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871:. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols: 40–84.
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818:A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music
551:as well as the corresponding musical
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27:
13:
828:
815:
77: Qu'elle a tel pouvoir,
14:
1583:
114: Fors d'elle, je cuij;
73: Fors qu'a son vouloir
45: Or, scet bien de voir
803:An introduction to music studies
696:ab ab), and the second section (
507:
1336:Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer
1234:Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer
770:A ballade supreme has ten-line
636:
116: Se ne veil douloir,
71: Ne veult devouloir,
47: La belle a qui suis
809:
794:
759:, consists of four stanzas of
555:form. It was one of the three
543:; not to be confused with the
108: Fol sui de agarder
49: Que nul bien avoir
41: Amer, qu'en la mer
1:
787:
742:
112: D'amours recevoir
43: Me voudroye voir;
1567:Western medieval lyric forms
914:Western medieval lyric forms
75: Obeisse, et puis
69: Car soy deporter
7:
865:Nottingham Medieval Studies
723:Notable writers of ballades
110: Ne faire devoir
10:
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615:Algernon Charles Swinburne
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633:'s 'Proverbial Ballade'.
629:). A humorous example is
594:) usually addressed to a
561:(the other two were the
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859:Wilkins, Nigel (1968).
851:Encyclopædia Britannica
20:Ballad (disambiguation)
681:
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611:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
130:
1562:Medieval music genres
1284:By alphabetical order
920:By regional tradition
836:Gosse, Edmund William
660:
652:
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621:, Hilaire Belloc and
206:Movements and schools
102:Qu'on puist regarder,
25:
728:Guillaume de Machaut
65:Ceste amour est male
1217:Galician-Portuguese
460:Renaissance music →
106:Ne me puis guarder,
100:C'est la plus reale
67:Pour moy de porter;
37:C'est la principale
33:Se la face ay pale,
877:10.1484/J.NMS.3.38
777:Ballade des Pendus
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120:Sans elle ne puis.
81:Sans elle ne puis.
63:De dueil a porter,
61:Se ay pesante male
53:Sans elle ne puis.
39:Et tant m'est amer
35:La cause est amer,
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1441:Petrarchan sonnet
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1151:Petrarchan sonnet
653:Balladelle stanza
576:The ballade as a
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235:Notre-Dame school
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104:De s'amour leiale
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1346:Chanson de toile
1326:Cantiga de amigo
1224:Cantiga de amigo
1077:Chanson de toile
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623:G. K. Chesterton
607:Geoffrey Chaucer
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841:"Ballade"
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829:Further reading
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702:Rücklaufballade
675:MIDI rendering.
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936:Alba (poetry)
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757:ballade royal
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627:at Wikisource
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284:Major figures
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270:Ars subtilior
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218:Saint Martial
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1471:Salut d'amor
1386:Formes fixes
1310:
1085:
1082:Formes fixes
1016:Salut d'amor
868:
864:
849:
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811:
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796:
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769:
746:
735:century was
726:
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709:
705:
701:
697:
694:rhyme scheme
689:
683:
666:
637:Musical form
604:
600:rhyme scheme
589:
586:rhyme scheme
575:
571:
558:formes fixes
556:
501:
500:
498:
458:
442:
403:Geisslerlied
385:
381:Formes fixes
268:
256:
227:
187: /
183: /
131:
119:
99:
80:
60:
52:
32:
15:
1521:Trobar clus
1436:Pastourelle
1396:Grand chant
1341:Cerdd dafod
1177:Cerdd dafod
1146:Ottava rima
1105:Pastourelle
1100:Grand chant
1046:Trobar clus
761:rhyme royal
753:chant royal
732:42 ballades
619:Andrew Lang
364:Major forms
229:Ars antiqua
185:Instruments
1556:Categories
1531:Trobar ric
1526:Trobar leu
1506:Torneyamen
1376:Ensenhamen
1056:Trobar ric
1051:Trobar leu
1036:Torneyamen
976:Ensenhamen
788:References
743:Variations
710:balladelle
631:Wendy Cope
242:Troubadour
213:Saint Gall
1511:Traethodl
1486:Sirventes
1431:Pastorela
1296:Arlabecca
1187:Traethodl
1026:Sirventes
1006:Pastorela
941:Arlabecca
376:Conductus
351:Dunstaple
301:Hildegard
252:Minnesang
193:Theorists
181:Composers
1491:Tagelied
1466:Rondelet
1451:Reverdie
1426:Partimen
1411:Madrigal
1401:Kyrielle
1371:Devinalh
1266:Kyrielle
1250:Madrigal
1208:Tagelied
1120:Rondelet
1110:Reverdie
1001:Partimen
991:Lo Boièr
971:Devinalh
838:(1911).
698:abgesang
686:bar form
565:and the
444:Planctus
428:Madrigal
264:Trecento
258:Ars nova
247:Trouvère
172:Overview
158:a series
156:Part of
1541:Virelai
1536:Viadera
1516:Triolet
1501:Tornada
1476:Sestina
1456:Rondeau
1366:Descort
1316:Ballata
1311:Ballade
1271:Triolet
1243:English
1136:Ballata
1129:Italian
1094:Virelai
1090:Rondeau
1086:Ballade
1061:Viadera
1041:Tornada
1021:Sestina
966:Descort
928:Occitan
848:(ed.).
772:stanzas
690:stollen
663:Machaut
582:stanzas
567:virelai
563:rondeau
553:chanson
536:French:
502:ballade
438:Organum
396:Virelai
391:Rondeau
386:Ballade
346:Ciconia
341:Landini
336:Machaut
316:Pérotin
311:Walther
306:Bernart
223:Goliard
1461:Rondel
1421:Octave
1356:Cywydd
1301:Aubade
1259:others
1196:German
1182:Cywydd
1141:Octave
1115:Rondel
1070:French
946:Aubade
730:wrote
598:. The
596:prince
549:poetry
545:ballad
326:Franco
291:Notker
189:Theory
142:listen
124:
85:
1496:Tenso
1446:Planh
1406:Leise
1381:Enuig
1361:Dansa
1321:Canso
1203:Leise
1165:Welsh
1031:Tenso
1011:Planh
981:Enuig
961:Dansa
951:Canso
844:. In
765:envoi
591:envoi
578:verse
433:Motet
418:Lauda
371:Canso
331:Vitry
296:Guido
1306:Awdl
1291:Alba
1172:Awdl
751:and
667:clos
613:and
499:The
1391:Gab
986:Gab
873:doi
780:by
749:ode
708:or
413:Lai
1558::
1092:,
1088:,
869:12
867:.
863:.
767:.
739:.
534:;
524:ɑː
160:on
1096:)
1084:(
907:e
900:t
893:v
879:.
875::
625:(
530:/
527:d
521:l
518:ˈ
515:ə
512:b
509:/
505:(
488:e
481:t
474:v
195:)
191:(
148:)
136:(
22:.
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