101:. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, and exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems and to humans as well. Ballast water may contain harmful pathogens and diseases that can be transferred to native species. For instance, Cholera. Ballast water discharges are also believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and tourism. A recent study suggests that if no action is taken on ballast water management, species invasion can propagate to any port in the world via global shipping network with an average of two intermediate stops.
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391:" to control the environmental damage from ballast water. The Convention will require all ships to implement a "Ballast water management plan" including a ballast water record book and carrying out ballast water management procedures to a given standard. Guidelines are given for additional measures then the guidelines.
123:
study provided advice on the process of setting regulatory limits. The study found that determining the exact number of organisms that could be expected to launch a new population is complex. It suggested an initial step of establishing a benchmark for the concentrations of organisms in ballast water
357:
in 2013. The permit sets numeric ballast water discharge limits for commercial vessels 79 feet (24 m) in length or greater. EPA issued a separate permit for smaller commercial vessels in 2014. The small vessel permit was repealed by
Congress in 2018, and new vessel regulations are pending as of
84:
Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a tremendous amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge
326:
Ballast water discharges are believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and
72:. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, and exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems, along with serious human health issues including death. Although similarly harmful to the environment, ballast water discharge is different than
55:
Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge
560:
The unloaded ship must take ballast water in tanks and in the cargo holds to get the propeller submerged below water surface. This later on causes costs for cleaning and in spite of that, the ship offers a greater resistance than before and will probably need more bunker than for her first
115:
In case of a bulk cargo ship, there is another environmental effect of ballast water. After unloading the payload a bulk carrier cannot simply return to the starting point, but it must load ballast to get the propeller submerged below water surface. The weight of the ballast increases fuel
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Among 818 ports in the
Pacific region, Singapore alone accounts for an estimated of 26 percent of cross-region (long range) species exchange. Via targeted ballast management on Singapore and a few other "influential" ports, cross-region species exchange to/from the Pacific region can be
658:
Statement of
Catherine Hazlewood, The Ocean Conservancy, “Ballast Water Management: New International Standards and NISA Reauthorization,” Hearing, House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, 108th Cong., 2nd sess., March 25,
474:
Statement of
Catherine Hazlewood, The Ocean Conservancy, “Ballast Water Management: New International Standards and NISA Reauthorization,” Hearing, House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, 108th Cong., 2nd sess., March 25,
488:
Xu, Jian; Wickramarathne, Thanuka L.; Chawla, Nitesh V.; Grey, Erin K.; Steinhaeuser, Karsten; Keller, Reuben P.; Drake, John M.; Lodge, David M. (2014). "Improving management of aquatic invasions by integrating shipping network, ecological, and environmental data".
625:
404:
Ballast water exchange while at sea (the ship should be minimum 200 nautical miles from shore with a depth of minimum 200 metres and can use the flow through or sequential method). At least 95 percent of the total ballast water should be
668:
David
Pimentel, Lori Lach, Rodolfo Zuniga, and Doug Morrison, “Environmental and Economic Costs Associated with Non-indigenous Species in the United States,” presented at AAAS Conference, Anaheim, CA, January 24,
529:
David
Pimentel, Lori Lach, Rodolfo Zuniga, and Doug Morrison, “Environmental and Economic Costs Associated with Non-indigenous Species in the United States,” presented at AAAS Conference, Anaheim, CA, January 24,
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20:
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The ballast tanks in New
Zealand carry animals and plants that kill ecosystems. Ballast tanks are only used in cargo ships there. Ballast water is controlled under the
124:
below current levels, and then using models to analyze experimental and field-based data to help inform future decisions about ballast water discharge standards.
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48:, since its entry into force in September 2017. It is also controlled through national regulations, which may be separate from the Convention, such as
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There are hundreds of organisms carried in ballast water that cause problematic ecological effects outside of their natural range. The
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Treatment of the ballast water by chemical or mechanical influences (UV-radiation, filter, deoxygenation, cavitation, ozone…)
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in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter in 1988. Within 10 years it had spread to all of the five neighbouring
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723:
United States. Vessel
Incidental Discharge Act. (Title IX of the Frank LoBiondo Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2018.)
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U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. "Standards for Living
Organisms in Ships’ Ballast Water Discharged in U.S. Waters."
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tourism. Studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the
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International
Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM)
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Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
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The IMO convention was ratified by enough countries and entered into force on September 8, 2017.
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626:"International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments"
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International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
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To react to the growing concerns about environmental impact of ballast water discharge, the
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Meanwhile, studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (
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Living Beyond Our Means: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Statement from the Board.
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regulate the concentration of living organisms discharged in the ballast water of ships.
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Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water
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44:. The discharge of ballast water and sediments by ships is governed globally under the
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Diagram showing the water pollution of the seas from untreated ballast water discharges
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consumption compared to a hypothetical situation that the ship did not need ballast.
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331:, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $ 6 billion per year.
112:, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $ 6 billion per year.
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756:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2023-02-21.
614:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2019-06-03.
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The goals of the convention are to minimise damage to the environment by:
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in 1991, killing more than 10,000 people over the following three years.
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issued ballast water regulations in 2012. Under the authority of the
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462:"What is Ballasting and De-ballasting? |A Complete Guide|"
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319:. The economic cost of this introduction has been estimated by the
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To minimize the spread of invasive species in U.S. waterways, the
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typically contains a variety of biological materials, including
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typically contains a variety of biological materials, including
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in 1996 in order to regulate ballast water discharges. The
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811:"Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species."
786:"Ballast Water Convention to Enter into Force in 2017"
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United States. National Invasive Species Act of 1996.
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discharges by ships can have a negative impact on the
628:. International Maritime Organization. Archived from
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Minimising the uptake of sediments during ballasting.
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Toxic algae (red/brown/green tides) (various species)
578:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2011.
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A cargo ship discharging ballast water into the sea.
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Minimise the uptake of organisms during ballasting.
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417:International Ballast Water Management Certificate
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153:(IMO) lists the ten most unwanted species as:
145:Dispersal of invasive species by ballast water
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600:"Ballast Water Management Regulations, 2012."
295:Ballast water regulation in the United States
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857:
612:"Vessels: Incidental Discharge Permitting"
598:U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. (2012)
542:"Information about modern sailing vessels"
16:Harmful effects of ballast water discharge
121:National Research Council (United States)
540:Schwarz, Hartmut Berthold (2010-03-13).
281:apparently arrived via ballast water in
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815:U.S. Congressional Research Service
383:International Maritime Organization
377:Ballast Water Management Convention
234:Other problematic species include:
151:International Maritime Organization
46:Ballast Water Management Convention
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1260:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
730:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
685:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
438:Environmental issues with shipping
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339:National Invasive Species Act
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694:. Approved October 26, 1996.
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385:(IMO) adopted in 2004 the "
353:(EPA) published its latest
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1275:Wastewater treatment plant
1042:Adsorbable organic halides
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754:Vessels, Marinas and Ports
412:Control measures include:
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1047:Biochemical oxygen demand
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424:Ballast water record book
367:combinatorially reduced.
303:, which is native to the
1235:Sewage sludge treatment
1175:Fecal sludge management
1135:API oil–water separator
1102:Wastewater surveillance
809:Buck, Eugene H.(2012).
499:10.1145/2623330.2623364
264:
241:Bythotrephes longimanus
1092:Total suspended solids
1087:Total dissolved solids
1052:Chemical oxygen demand
829:GloBallast partnership
817:. Report No. RL32344.
493:. pp. 1699–1708.
323:at about $ 5 billion.
201:North Pacific Seastar
188:Neogobius melanostomus
166:Cladoceran Water Flea
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959:Industrial wastewater
355:Vessel General Permit
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1301:Groundwater recharge
739:Approved 2018-12-04.
549:Sailing Ship Society
464:. 15 September 2023.
259:Biosecurity Act 1993
225:European Green Crab
212:Dreissena polymorpha
50:in the United States
1215:Secondary treatment
1200:Membrane bioreactor
1155:Constructed wetland
954:Infiltration/Inflow
220:Undaria pinnatifida
139:Problematic species
1380:Category: Sewerage
1341:Septic drain field
1306:Infiltration basin
1250:Stabilization pond
1170:Facultative lagoon
1034:Quality indicators
914:Blackwater (waste)
894:Acid mine drainage
792:. 8 September 2016
790:Maritime Executive
774:. EPA. 2022-11-28.
204:Asterias amurensis
177:Eriocheir sinensis
42:marine environment
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1165:Extended aeration
1112:Treatment options
1062:Oxygen saturation
909:Blackwater (coal)
887:Sources and types
705:Federal Register,
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238:Spiny Water Flea
196:Mnemiopsis leidyi
169:Cercopagis pengoi
163:(various strains)
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1361:Vacuum sewer
1245:Sewer mining
1195:Ion exchange
1145:Chlorination
1067:Heavy metals
1024:Urban runoff
964:Ion exchange
944:Fecal sludge
898:
796:14 September
794:. Retrieved
789:
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630:the original
620:
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561:destination.
559:
553:. Retrieved
551:. p. 11
548:
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301:zebra mussel
298:
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210:
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175:
174:Mitten Crab
167:
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119:A June 2011
118:
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103:
97:, and other
83:
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1351:Storm drain
1346:Sewage farm
1270:Vermifilter
1225:Septic tank
1185:Imhoff tank
1082:Temperature
989:Return flow
979:Papermaking
343:Coast Guard
337:passed the
317:Great Lakes
253:New Zealand
217:Asian Kelp
185:Round Goby
1395:Categories
1316:Irrigation
1180:Filtration
880:Wastewater
636:2016-09-23
555:2014-11-18
449:References
405:exchanged.
329:Asian clam
309:Black Seas
279:Bangladesh
269:A form of
110:Asian clam
80:Discussion
1150:Clarifier
1097:Turbidity
949:Greywater
362:Singapore
1077:Salinity
969:Leachate
904:Bathroom
432:See also
335:Congress
157:Cholera
131:and the
70:bacteria
1004:Septage
726:Pub. L.
681:Pub. L.
517:2371978
305:Caspian
271:cholera
95:viruses
91:animals
66:viruses
62:animals
1378:
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1009:Sewage
974:Manure
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669:1999.
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1265:UASB
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299:The
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843:IMO
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