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accounted for 28% of robberies, caused the fewest injuries to victims (one percent of all victims' injuries), were the type of robber who most often used a note to threaten bank staff (46% of all their robberies), and failed most often in their robbery attempts (33% failure). Unarmed gangs inflicted the most injuries to victims (51%) and failed the least in their robbery attempts (6% failure). Armed robbers used a disguise more often compared to unarmed robbers, with armed pairs employing disguises most often (59%).
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so-called "note jobs." These are usually accomplished by simply passing a written note to the teller demanding money. The idea is to attract as little attention as possible. In most cases, other customers present in the bank during a robbery are unaware of what is occurring. Standard bank policy is to avoid violence as much as possible, so they will normally hand over the money and try to obey the robber's demands. The robber usually makes away with cash, but in small amounts. According to
386:. Such banks are highly profitable targets for robbers, who are then afforded a number of potential escape routes. Law enforcement benefit by being able to respond more quickly, and the odds of catching a bank robber on or near the scene is higher than other types of crime. This is because most bank robberies are reported very quickly while the crime is in progress; most bank robberies occur during daylight hours, have multiple witnesses and with modern technology often produce
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518:, shot the 17-year-old bookkeeper, Frank Converse, and stole $ 3,000 in large bills and $ 2,000 in small bills. The directors of the bank offered a $ 6,000 reward for the arrest of the murderer. This has been described as the first armed bank robbery murder in US history. The crime is detailed in the historical fiction novel, Abel Bodied: Murder at the Malden Bank written by Michael Cloherty.
837:(June 30, 1901 – November 2, 1980) was asked why he robbed banks, and he was famously reported as answering: "Because that's where the money is." This is, in fact, a quote invented by the interviewer to make the story more interesting. However, when asked, Sutton did write this statement and autograph it for his physician, so in a sense it is accurate.
426:
data, in 2007 there were 106 attempted or successful robberies in
Britain in which an average of 1.6 persons were involved. One third of attempts came up empty while the average haul for a successful attempt was equivalent to US$ 46,600. Yet 20% of the successes would later prove less than successful
627:
contained a front-page news story entitled "Bank
Robbers in Motor Car" and according to which two robbers used a gun to rob the Valley bank of Santa Clara of $ 7,000. They then used a hired automobile to escape and were chased by police and a posse of citizens also in automobiles, eventually leading
421:
According to the
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics injuries occur in about two percent and a death occurs in less than one percent of all U.S. bank robberies. Violent takeover bank robberies that are often portrayed in the media are rare. The majority of bank robberies taking place today are
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In 1957, security cameras installed at St. Clair
Savings and Loan in Cleveland recorded the first film footage used to apprehend and identify bank robbers. The robbery occurred on April 12, when a 24-year-old male pointed a gun at a teller while his accomplice, an 18-year-old female, stuffed over $
417:
analyzed trends in bank robbery over a four-year period. Of the 808 bank robbery incidents between
January 1998 and May 2002 in which the number of offenders involved in the hold-up was recorded, 55% were committed by lone offenders, 25% by pairs, and 20% by three or more robbers. Unarmed offenders
895:
Today's biometric technology makes non-violent methods of gaining access, even by the most experienced safe hackers and code crackers, nearly impossible. Modern vaults and safes are also reinforced to the point that the amount of explosives needed to blow them open would likely create unwanted
499:
later corrected this claim upon learning of a previous 1798 robbery of $ 162,821 from the Bank of
Pennsylvania at Carpenters' Hall. The Carpenters' Hall theft also may not have technically been a robbery as there were no signs of force and the thief may have had a key.
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attention and run the risk of harming the building to the point of collapse. By their very nature, even the most impregnable vault or safe eventually needs to be able to be opened and closed by someone. To circumvent vault and safe security features, robbers often
766:. They captured the public imagination with their image as a wild young couple. Along with their gang, they were credited with only ten bank robberies, often making away with as little as $ 80. They were eventually ambushed and killed on the roadside outside
603:, shooting to death an innocent street bystander, 17-year-old student George Clifford "Jolly" Wymore, and escaping with $ 60,000. This was the first successful daylight bank robbery during peacetime in the US. Previous robberies such as from the banks in
784:. He gained this latter reputation (and the nickname "Jackrabbit") for his graceful movements during bank heists, such as leaping over the counter (a movement he supposedly copied from the movies) and many narrow getaways from police. On July 22, 1934,
587:
pointed out that FEE's research was conducted before many states and the
Library of Congress began publishing historical newspapers online, and while bank robberies in the Old West were still uncommon, there were many more than previously assessed.
1849:
Adorjan, Michael; Christensen, Tony; Kelly, Benjamin; Pawluch, Dorothy (2012). "Stockholm
Syndrome As Vernacular Resource". The Sociological Quarterly. 53 (3): 454–474. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01241.x. ISSN 0038-0253. JSTOR 41679728. S2CID
338:'s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear." By contrast,
1094:, bank robbery is described as an element of life for residents of Charlestown, a neighborhood in Boston. However, this is exaggerated and is disputed by residents of Charlestown, who describe it as outdated, as of when the film
567:. Two men, Danish salesman Lindorff Larsen and a German machinist Güttig, armed with revolvers, got away with 9000 Danish kroner. Güttig was arrested August 30 and Lindorff Larsen committed suicide after having fled the police.
802:(December 6, 1908 – November 27, 1934) was a bank robber and former associate of John Dillinger. He is notable for having killed more FBI agents in the line of duty than any other person. He was killed in a shootout known as
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are able to make a successful living out of bank robbery over the long run. Bank robberies are still fairly common and are indeed successful, although eventually many bank robbers are found and arrested. A report by the
639:
in Paris. They stole a satchel of money he was about to deliver to the bank containing roughly five thousand pounds and escaped in a stolen vehicle. This was the first successful use of a getaway car in a bank robbery.
756:(April 19, 1890 – December 16, 1930), The first "modern" bank robber, who developed techniques of surveillance and planning, such as casing and getaway maps, used by many latter stick-up men such as John Dillinger.
717:, wherein hostages, during captivity, paradoxically form a sympathetic bond with their captors as a survival strategy. Stockholm syndrome is a "contested illness" due to doubt about the legitimacy of the condition.
1839:
Adorjan, Michael, Tony
Christensen, Benjamin Kelly, and Dorothy Pawluch. "Stockholm Syndrome As Vernacular Resource." The Sociological Quarterly 53.3 (2012): 454–74. SocINDEX with Full Text . Web. 23 Oct.
397:
The urban location of the crime also contributes to its repeat victimization profile, a measure of how quickly a crime victim will suffer a repeat of the original crime. One study carried out by the
491:). Two men, James Honeyman and William J. Murray, entered the City Bank of New York using forged keys. This allowed them to empty the vault of more than $ 245,000 in bank money. According to the
1992:
583:(FEE) in their research, found the scene of the Western bank-robbery to be generally a myth, identifying less than 10 definite bank robberies between 1859 and 1900 across 15 frontier states.
713:, Sweden. After their release, the hostages defended their captors and refused to testify against them. This led to an academic interest in a phenomenon soon after referred to as
762:, better known as "Bonny and Clyde" (active February 1932 – May 1934), were an American couple who went on a crime spree during the Great Depression with their associates, the
734:(1842 – June 4, 1878) was involved in 80% of the bank robberies in the U.S. from 1869 to his death in 1878. He was involved in the Manhattan Savings Institution robbery.
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for bank robbery gives long prison terms, which are usually further enhanced by the use or carrying of loaded firearms, prior criminal convictions, and the absence of
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On
February 16, 1984, more than $ 160,000 was stolen from the Merchants and Farmers Bank and Trust Co. in Leesville, Louisiana using a stolen getaway helicopter.
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teams. Forensic identification techniques have also improved greatly; should a bank robber fire a gun, the police can trace the bullet to the exact firearm using
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While it is not certain that the first time someone robs a bank they will be caught, if they continue to rob banks, they will most likely be caught. Few
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found that in England, one third of banks at which a robbery has occurred will be robbed again within three months, while the same study found that in
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A masked man poses as a bank robber during a demonstration of a German device that protected cash and sounded an alarm during a robbery (1931).
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405:, one quarter of robbed banks will suffer repeat robbery within a week, and over half of robbed banks will be robbed again within a month.
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2,000 into a bag. A third accomplice drove the getaway car. The three were captured shortly after video footage of the robbery aired on
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was made. Up to the early 2000s, Charlestown was notorious for criminals whose specialty was robbery but also other lucrative crimes.
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in a bank robbery, to which the firearms training instructor joked "that would be sixty-four pieces of evidence to convict you." The
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that can be distributed and used immediately to canvass the local area. Consequently, many bank robbers are caught the same day. The
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A further factor making bank robbery unattractive for criminals in the United States is the severity with which it is prosecuted.
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Under federal law, bank robbery in the United States is defined, and made illegal, primarily by the bank robbery statute in
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The 1920s and 1930s saw a significant increase in bank robberies in the United States. This led to the formation of the
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typically causes corrections administrators to place imprisoned bank robbers in harsher high-security institutions.
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900:, but that is not always a successful idea as banks have often removed the manager's ability to open the vault.
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In the 1920s, American banks added the security of alarm systems and concrete-reinforced, blast-proof vaults.
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511:. It has been described as the first bank robbery in Australia and also the largest in Australian history.
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1267:"Pastore, Ann L. and Kathleen Maguire, eds.: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Table 3.149.2008"
1244:"Pastore, Ann L. and Kathleen Maguire, eds.: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Table 3.151.2008"
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On December 15, 1863, Postmaster Edward Green walked into the First National Bank on Pleasant Street in
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Modern banks have implemented modern security measures, like motion-sensing and high resolution color
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740:(September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was one of the most notorious bank robbers in American history.
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Bank robbery occurs in cities and towns. This concentration is often attributed to there being more
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robbery, January 2, 2008. This particular pack was concealed inside a stack of twenty-dollar bills.
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1670:. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. 1909-08-19. Archived from
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stole approximately £14,000 in promissory notes and coins from the vault of the Bank of Australia
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483:, the first bank robbery in the United States occurred in March 1831 (the 19th according to the
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1993:"Robbed of its new image? Charlestown hopes not Affleck's new film is the talk of the Townies"
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where handguns are difficult to obtain, is easily concealable but not particularly effective.
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The police have new measures at their disposal to catch bank robbers, such as well-armed
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in urban areas, but the number of bank robberies is higher than the number of branches.
295:, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a
1308:"U.S. Code › Title 18 › Part I › Chapter 103 › §2113 - Bank Robbery"
1066:(2008) are based on actual bank robberies. Other notable but fictional examples include
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780:. Some considered him a dangerous criminal, while others idolized him as a present-day
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and folk hero, pulled off a series of bank robberies in Victoria and New South Wales.
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664:" for significant wanted criminals. This era saw the rise of famous gangs such as the
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system. As with any type of robbery, the fact that bank robbery is also inherently a
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1456:"Robbing the Bank: Australia's First Bank Robbery | the Dictionary of Sydney"
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1394:"The First American Bank Robbery Was One of the Most Bizarre Heists of All Time"
1022:. Some of these films are based on the lives of historic bank robbers, such as
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812:(April 2, 1914 – May 17, 2002) was a Canadian bank robber and leader of the
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1862:"My Favorite Victorian Criminal Was a Bank Robber With a Secret Weapon"
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The first bank robbery in Denmark occurred August 18, 1913 in the bank
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is more highly developed, especially where banks tend to cluster near
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devices. Some banks supplement this protection with armed or unarmed
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540:" of 341,000 rubles (approximately 3.96 million 2018 US dollars) by
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for bank robbery is among the highest of all crimes, at nearly 60%.
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On September 14, 1828, five men tunneled through a sewage drain in
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495:, it cannot be confirmed if this was a robbery or a burglary. The
1339:"First Bank Robbery in United States – The Saturday Evening Post"
915:, in a BBC documentary, once inquired on the effectiveness of an
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agents cornered Dillinger in an alley outside a movie theater in
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1770:"A helicopter believed used in the daring datmylight robbery..."
1535:"The Non-Existent Frontier Bank Robbery | Larry Schweikart"
816:, which pulled off a string of heists, including the largest in
611:, which some historians consider to be not robberies proper but
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On February 13, 1866, several men believed to be members of the
1432:"My Heritage Australia, family tree, Genealogy – Family Search"
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due to a few infamous examples and portrayal in fiction. The
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830:, the infamous Alcatraz escapees, robbed a bank in Alabama.
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First known use of camera footage to apprehend a bank robber
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1498:"Fact tops fiction in story of country's best bank robber"
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rate for bank robbery in 2001 was second only to that of
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groups tend to make their money by other means, such as
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1218:"Australian Institute of Criminology – Russell G Smith"
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Bank robbery is commonly associated with the American
311:, as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a
30:"Bank heist" redirects here. For the video game, see
1419:
Breaking the Bank: An Extraordinary Colonial Robbery
1105:
776:(June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) robbed banks in the
796:, where he was shot and killed by multiple agents.
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525:. It was the largest bank robbery in U.S. history.
190:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1905:
1744:"Happy Anniversary: Manhole covers held to ransom"
947:states that, among Category I serious crimes, the
643:
370:This has advantages both for bank robbers and for
1290:Robbing Banks: Crime does pay – but not very much
635:intercepted a bank messenger outside a branch of
2037:
1637:Jesse James Was His Name, by William A Settle Jr
40:"Bank robber" redirects here. For the film, see
746:(December 1854 – 11 November 1880), Australian
1312:Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute
1046:(2009) (based on the life of John Dillinger).
342:is "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a
1938:"Design of a GPS/GSM currency tracker device"
1018:Bank robberies are often a main plot in many
705:In 1973, four hostages were taken during the
607:more than a year earlier were perpetrated by
536:resulted in 40 deaths, 50 injuries, and the "
104:The examples and perspective in this article
876:heavy vault doors, silent alarms, exploding
27:Crime of stealing from a bank using violence
996:United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines
631:On December 21, 1911, two armed men of the
84:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1820:"Movie Camera Solves Bank Robbery Quickly"
1795:"History of Bank Robberies – Crime Museum"
1549:"The Truth About Wild West Bank Robberies"
770:by a posse of Texas and Louisiana lawmen.
720:
1297:Volume 9, Issue 3, pages 17–21, June 2012
1288:Barry Reilly, Neil Rickman, Robert Witt,
427:by virtue of the robbers being arrested.
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
250:Learn how and when to remove this message
142:Learn how and when to remove this message
2031:FBI Releases New Bank Robbers Mobile App
1391:
847:
523:Manhattan Savings Institution was robbed
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279:
2056:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1336:
676:. Other famous public enemies included
652:Great Depression era and "Public Enemy"
291:is the criminal act of stealing from a
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1588:"The James – Younger Gang – Robberies"
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1421:, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, 2008
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571:Bank robbery on the American frontier
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188:adding citations to reliable sources
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1991:Baker, Billy (September 18, 2010).
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415:Australian Institute of Criminology
24:
1693:"The Bonnot Gang by Richard Parry"
1590:. 22 December 1996. Archived from
1563:"Jesse James – First Bank Robbery"
1520:Axel Breidahl & Axel Kjerulf,
1392:Braswell, Sean (25 October 2015).
1031:Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
727:List of bank robbers and robberies
557:Sparekassen for København og Omegn
408:
25:
2067:
2019:
923:, a common robbery weapon in the
680:(Public Enemy No, 1 in 1934) and
581:Foundation for Economic Education
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65:This article has multiple issues.
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945:Federal Bureau of Investigation
658:Federal Bureau of Investigation
644:First known use of a helicopter
623:The August 29, 1909 edition of
597:Clay County Savings Association
336:Federal Bureau of Investigation
175:needs additional citations for
73:or discuss these issues on the
2026:FBI Bank Crime Statistics 2010
1522:Københavnerglimt – 1912 – 1920
1364:"America's First Bank Robbery"
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760:Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow
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1:
1470:"New York Times, 16 Dec-1863"
1325:New York Times, 19 March 2010
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454:takes part in the April 1974
376:transportation infrastructure
1967:"Bank Crime Statistics 2011"
1695:. 2001-03-10. Archived from
1614:"Kansas City Tourist Office"
544:organized by (among others)
487:, the 20th according to the
424:British Bankers' Association
7:
1860:Roth, Cheyna (2023-12-28).
1668:"Bank Robbers in Motor Car"
1634:Settle, William A. (1977).
1192:"Crime prevention – GOV.UK"
1101:
833:In the early 20th century,
768:Bienville Parish, Louisiana
660:(FBI) and the designation "
353:
118:, discuss the issue on the
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1502:The State Journal-Register
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39:
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1912:. Bantam Books. pp.
1343:The Saturday Evening Post
1337:Society (16 March 2013).
800:George "Baby Face" Nelson
521:On October 27, 1878, the
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2051:Organized crime activity
909:ballistic fingerprinting
804:The Battle of Barrington
778:Midwestern United States
530:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
1640:. U of Nebraska Press.
1129:Convenience store crime
1124:Armored car (valuables)
898:kidnap the bank manager
721:Historical bank robbers
528:The heist known as the
1904:Coyle, Daniel (2009).
865:
732:George Leonidas Leslie
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285:
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707:Norrmalmstorg robbery
672:(1932–1934), and the
625:The Rich Hill Tribune
516:Malden, Massachusetts
505:George Street, Sydney
480:Saturday Evening Post
450:
380:retail shopping areas
374:. In urban areas the
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1370:on February 11, 2001
609:Confederate soldiers
532:in June 1907 in the
403:Tallahassee, Florida
384:commercial districts
319:, or (historically)
184:improve this article
124:create a new article
116:improve this article
106:may not represent a
1699:on October 24, 2008
1674:on December 8, 2015
1594:on 22 December 1996
1224:on 14 February 2017
1198:on 12 December 2009
806:, outside Chicago.
605:St. Albans, Vermont
388:photographic images
1775:. 21 February 1984
1750:. 20 December 1993
1724:. 19 November 2012
1551:. 9 February 2021.
1475:The New York Times
866:
715:Stockholm syndrome
701:Stockholm syndrome
674:Barker–Karpis gang
628:to their capture.
593:James-Younger Gang
474:The New York Times
464:
431:US Federal Statute
297:threat of violence
286:
1923:978-0-553-80684-7
1718:"The Bonnot Gang"
1496:Mulligan, Frank.
1051:Dog Day Afternoon
921:sawed-off shotgun
810:Edwin Alonzo Boyd
682:Machine Gun Kelly
601:Liberty, Missouri
334:According to the
299:. This refers to
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1025:Bonnie and Clyde
965:drug trafficking
870:security cameras
678:Pretty Boy Floyd
637:Société Générale
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2046:Bank robbery
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
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1974:. Retrieved
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1950:. Retrieved
1944:
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1888:
1877:. Retrieved
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1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1799:Crime Museum
1798:
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1777:. Retrieved
1772:
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1747:
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1722:Freedom News
1721:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1687:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
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1636:
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1592:the original
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1478:. 1863-12-16
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1397:
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1368:the original
1358:
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1294:Significance
1292:
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1273:. Retrieved
1261:
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1238:
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1222:the original
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1143:
1116:Banks portal
1095:
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1084:(2010), and
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1063:The Bank Job
1061:
1060:(1996), and
1055:
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983:, or online
973:prostitution
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182:Please help
177:verification
174:
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68:
67:Please help
64:
42:
35:(Atari 2600)
32:
2007:December 9,
1946:Inside GNSS
1748:independent
1090:(2010). In
1069:Point Break
1040:(1998) and
1020:heist films
933:New Zealand
913:Martin Kemp
874:time-locked
858:Los Angeles
828:John Anglin
764:Barrow Gang
754:Herman Lamm
738:Jesse James
670:Barrow Gang
633:Bonnot Gang
613:acts of war
595:robbed the
399:Home Office
317:armored car
43:Bank Robber
18:Bank robber
2040:Categories
1952:2012-03-28
1879:2024-01-04
1703:2012-03-28
1678:2015-12-04
1653:2012-03-28
1620:2012-03-28
1507:2024-01-04
1482:2012-03-28
1275:2012-03-28
1252:2012-03-28
1135:References
1057:Set It Off
882:bait money
841:Prevention
782:Robin Hood
748:bushranger
585:Grunge.com
565:Copenhagen
542:Bolsheviks
323:. It is a
321:stagecoach
303:of a bank
210:newspapers
70:improve it
33:Bank Heist
1874:1091-2339
1850:141676449
1567:Biography
1002:from the
961:extortion
940:criminals
929:Australia
878:dye packs
852:Expended
820:history.
814:Boyd Gang
744:Ned Kelly
711:Stockholm
120:talk page
76:talk page
1176:23 March
1102:See also
1096:The Town
1092:The Town
1087:The Town
1078:(1995),
1072:(1991),
1054:(1975),
1034:(1969),
1028:(1967),
989:phishing
985:scamming
969:gambling
856:after a
854:dye pack
794:Illinois
577:Old West
561:Østerbro
477:and the
462:members.
439:states.
365:branches
354:Overview
340:burglary
114:You may
1976:5 March
1804:5 March
1754:5 March
1728:5 March
1598:5 March
1572:5 March
1403:5 March
1374:5 March
1348:5 March
1228:5 March
1202:5 March
1154:5 March
1014:In film
818:Toronto
790:Chicago
443:History
327:in the
301:robbery
224:scholar
1920:
1872:
1825:29 May
1779:29 May
1644:
1000:parole
953:murder
949:arrest
884:, and
668:, the
359:Places
344:felony
309:teller
305:branch
226:
219:
212:
205:
197:
45:(film)
1941:(PDF)
1866:Slate
1840:2016.
1442:(PDF)
1435:(PDF)
1270:(PDF)
1247:(PDF)
860:area
493:Times
485:Times
348:theft
313:train
231:JSTOR
217:books
122:, or
2009:2016
1978:2017
1918:ISBN
1870:ISSN
1827:2023
1806:2017
1781:2023
1756:2017
1730:2017
1642:ISBN
1600:2017
1574:2017
1405:2017
1376:2017
1350:2017
1230:2017
1204:2017
1178:2023
1156:2017
1075:Heat
987:and
931:and
905:SWAT
548:and
507:and
497:Post
489:Post
413:The
382:and
293:bank
203:news
1971:FBI
1914:159
1773:UPI
1398:OZY
917:Uzi
786:FBI
709:in
599:in
563:in
559:at
460:SLA
350:."
346:or
307:or
186:by
2042::
1995:.
1969:.
1943:.
1916:.
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1864:.
1797:.
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1500:.
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1384:^
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139:(
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20:)
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