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210:. Together the pair decided that it was more dramatic for a woman to perform the acrobatic stunts. "She told me that women's clothes always make a wire act more impressive...and she asked me if I'd mind dressing as a girl. I didn't; and that's how it began." Following his time as an Alfaretta, Barbette next joined an act called Erford's Whirling Sensation. This act included three people who hung from a spinning apparatus by their teeth.
326:. He rolls his shoulders, stretches his hands, swells his muscles...And after the fifteenth or so curtain call, he gives a mischievous wink, shifts from foot to foot, mimes a bit of an apology, and does a shuffling little street urchin dance – all of it to erase the fabulous, dying-swan impression left by the act.
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and he was fascinated by the wire act. "The first time she took me to the circus in Austin, I knew I would be a performer, and from then on I'd work in the fields during the cotton-picking season to earn money in order to go to the circus as often as possible." Barbette practiced for hours by walking
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transforms effortlessly back and forth between man and woman. His female glamour and elegance
Cocteau likens to a cloud of dust thrown into the eyes of the audience, blinding it to the masculinity of the movements he needs to perform his acrobatics. That blindness is so complete that at the end of
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Next week in
Brussels, you'll see a music-hall act called 'Barbette' that has been keeping me enthralled for a fortnight. The young American who does this wire and trapeze act is a great actor, an angel, and he has become the friend to all of us. Go and see him ... and tell everybody that he is no
190:
Hattie
Broadway married, as her second husband, in 1906, Samuel E. Loving (1868–1953), who worked in a broom factory, and had five more children, sons Eugene Loving (1908–1971) and Sam Paschall Loving (1917–1996), and daughters Hugo Loving (1910–1912), Bonsilene Loving (born 1914), and Mary Martin
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Following a career-ending illness or injury (the sources disagree on the cause), which left him in constant pain, Barbette returned to Texas but continued to work as a consultant for motion pictures as well as training and choreographing aerial acts for a number of circuses. After years of dealing
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In the United States Census of 1900, Barbette and his mother, Hattie
Broadway (née Martin, 1879–1949), were living in Llano, Texas, in the household of his maternal great-grandparents, Florence E. and William Paschall, a farmer. Hattie, then aged 21, was listed as a widow on the census, while her
182:
Some confusion surrounds the name of
Barbette's father. On a 1923 passport application, Barbette lists his father's name as "Henry Broadway" and notes him as deceased. However, Barbette's death certificate gives his father's first name as "Jeff." The death certificate lists his mother's name as
445:. His work with Ringling Bros. has been described as "reinvent the aerial ballet". The Bird Cage Girls, The Swing High Girls, The Whirl Girls and the Cloud Swing Girls were among the female aerialist troupes whose routines were Barbette's specialty. He created the circus sequences for the
362:
gowns, who burst into applause at the sight of a card game that ends in suicide. He replaced the
Vicomtesse de Noailles, who along with her husband had originally shot the scene but were appalled upon seeing the finished film, as the card game/suicide had been shot separately.
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I tried to imagine myself a descendant of the
Marquis de Sade, of the Comtesse de Chevigné...and a long line of rich bankers – all of which the Vicomtesse was. For a boy from Round Rock, Texas, that demanded a lot of concentration – at least as much as working on the
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in New York City, 1935, exists and was shot as part of a publicity newsreel to advertise the show. There is also footage from the premiere showing famous first-nighters arriving at the
Hippodrome. Barbette is filmed performing part of his acrobatic act during
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with his sister, Mary Cahill, often in severe pain. He committed suicide by overdose on August 5, 1973. He was survived by his sister Mary and a half-brother, Sam Loving. Barbette was cremated and his ashes were buried in Round Rock
Cemetery.
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in 1919. Barbette performed trapeze and wire stunts in full drag, maintaining the illusion of femininity until the end of his act, when he would pull off his wig and strike exaggerated masculine poses. For the next several years he toured the
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Barbette continued to perform until the mid-to-late 1930s. Most sources report the year as 1938, while others as early as 1936 and as late as 1942. The end of
Barbette's performing career is attributed to a number of causes including a fall,
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mere acrobat in women's clothes, nor just a graceful daredevil, but one of the most beautiful things in the theatre. Stravinsky, Auric, poets, painters, and I myself have seen no comparable display of artistry on the stage since Nijinsky.
438:, or some combination of the three. All generally agree that whatever the cause, Barbette was left in extreme pain and in need of surgery and extensive rehabilitation to allow him to walk again.
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stage. He took on the name "Barbette", believing that it had an exotic French sound and because it could conceivably be either a first or a last name. His solo debut was at the
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573:, which features a plot about a woman pretending to be a female impersonator, whose gimmick of removing her wig at the end of her act is "inspired by signature gesture."
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with chronic pain, Barbette died by suicide on August 5, 1973. Both in life and following his death, Barbette served as an inspiration to a number of artists, including
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at around the age of 14 as one-half of a circus act called The Alfaretta Sisters. After a few years of circus work, Barbette went solo and adopted his exotic-sounding
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Lyford, Amy. "'Le Numéro Barbette': Photography and the Politics of Embodiment in Interwar Paris." Collected in Chadwick, Whitney & Tirza True Latimer (2003).
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that Barbette was found engaged in sexual activity with another man. His contract was cancelled and he was never able to obtain a work permit for England again.
179:, although Barbette stated that his birthplace was Trickham. His Draft Registration Card, dated 7 September 1918, states that his birthday was 19 December 1898.
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341:, which captured not only aspects of Barbette's performance but also his process of transformation into his female persona. He also cast Barbette in his
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team The Alfaretta Sisters. One of the sisters had died unexpectedly and Barbette answered the surviving sister's ad for a replacement, auditioning in
132:. Barbette attained great popularity throughout the United States but his greatest fame came in Europe and especially Paris, in the 1920s and 1930s.
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1910 U.S. Federal Census, accessed on ancestry.com on 10 January 2013. Hugo Loving's gravemarker states "Infant Daughter of S.E. and H.M. Loving".
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183:"Hattie Wilson;" Barbette listed her name as "Mrs. E. S. Loving" on his passport application, as well as his 1918 Draft Registration form.
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To other friends he wrote "Your great loss for 1923 was Barbette – a terrific act at the Casino de Paris...Ten unforgettable minutes. A
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In 1926 Cocteau wrote an influential essay on the nature and artifice of the theatre called "Le Numéro Barbette" that was published in
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Cocteau fell in love with the Barbette persona but their affair was short-lived. Others in Barbette's European circle included
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son's birthdate is given as December 1897. Also living in the household was Hattie Broadway's younger brother, Malcolm Wilson.
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Cocteau calls upon his fellow artists to incorporate deliberately this effect that he believes for Barbette is instinctive.
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175:) was born on December 19, 1899, (although it is sometimes cited as 1904) in Texas. Most sources indicate he was born in
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He became the artistic director and aerialist trainer for a number of circuses, including Ringling Bros. and the
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which ran for four months beginning in September. Also in this timeframe he became a featured attraction with
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Texas Certificate of Death E950067, State file number 81205, for Vander Clyde (Barbette) Broadway. 1973-10-17
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in 1969 entitled "An Angel, A Flower, A Bird". Barbette has a brief cameo in the jazz club scene which opens
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Speaking of his preparation for the scene, Barbette, who knew he was replacing the Vicomtesse, said,
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In 'Jumbo' there's a female impersonator named Barbette, who swishes on a slack wire and the trapeze.
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Loving (1915–1997); after his mother's second marriage, Barbette was known as "Vander Loving".
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profile by Steegmuller, Man Ray's photographs and other material, was published in 1989.
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Barbette served as a consultant on a number of films, including the circus sequences for
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along his mother's steel clothes line. He graduated from high school at the age of 14.
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Art, Glitter, and Glitz: Mainstream Playwrights and Popular Theatre in 1920s America
314:. In this essay, Cocteau celebrates Barbette as an exemplar of theatrical artifice.
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Barbette is credited with having returned to the United States in 1935 to star on
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United States passport application for Vander Clyde Broadway, dated March 9, 1923
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358:). Barbette appears in a scene in a theatre box with several extras, dressed in
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Vaudeville, Old & New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America
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546:, Barbette also inspired the characterization of "Death" in Cocteau's play
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and toured London, Brussels and Berlin. It was during an engagement at the
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After high school, Barbette began his circus career as one-half of the
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653:, written by Bill Lengfelder and David Goodwin and first presented in
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first to England and then to Paris. He appeared in such venues as the
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1900 U.S. Federal Census, accessed on ancestry.com on 10 January 2013
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Barbette spent his last months in Texas, living in Round Rock and
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Barbette made his European debut in 1923, having been sent by the
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1386:
Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy in American Vaudeville
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1182:"Vander Barbette Is Dead at 68; Trapeze Artist in the Twenties".
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Steegmuller, Francis (1969-09-27). "An Angel, A Flower, A Bird".
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Cocteau commissioned a series of photographs of Barbette by the
254:, the Empire, the MĂ©drano Circus, the Alhambra Theater and the
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1339:
Cullen, Frank, Florence Hackman & Donald McNeilly (2007).
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his act, Barbette does not simply remove his wig but instead
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soars to greatness with the tragic tale of a trapeze artist"
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Barbette's mother took him to the circus at an early age in
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Gewirtz, Arthur, James J. Kolb, Hofstra University (2004).
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Vander Clyde transforms into Barbette, 1926. Photograph by
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1271:"Review/Performance Art; John Kelly as a Parisian Legend"
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Cocteau, Jean, "Le Numéro Barbette" quoted in Steegmuller
147:, revealing himself as male only at the end of his act.
408:. Extremely rare film footage of Barbette appearing in
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Circus Bodies: Cultural Identity in Aerial Performance
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Document viewed on ancestry.com on 10 January 2013.
649:on him. Barbette's story is also told in the play,
1401:The Modern Woman Revisited: Paris Between the Wars
1249:"A Guide to the Albert Goldbarth Papers, Undated"
1471:
629:is a book-length poem about Barbette written by
563:Barbette may have been the inspiration for the
512:(1961). Barbette created the aerial ballet for
1429:Wilmeth, Don B., & Tice L. Miller (1996).
1099:Winchell, Walter (1935-11-30). "On Broadway".
213:He then developed a solo act and moved to the
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267:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
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633:. It won the Voertman Poetry Award from the
261:He returned to America in 1924 to appear in
1403:. Paris, France, Rutgers University Press.
1158:"'Big Circus' Coming to Airport Drive-In".
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305:masterpiece. An angel, a flower, a bird."
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1373:. New Jersey, A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc.
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425:End of performing career and later life
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782:""Barbette": He started in the circus"
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109:(December 19, 1899 – August 5, 1973),
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1431:Cambridge Guide to American Theatre
746:"Circus Producer Started in S.A.".
657:, in 2003. A French restaurant in
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1540:20th-century American LGBTQ people
556:, collecting Cocteau's essay, the
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1369:Hammarstrom, David Lewis (1980).
1251:. Texas Archival Resources Online
607:Broadway musical of the same name
1209:from the original on 31 May 2008
780:Thompson, Karen R (2007-04-07).
496:wrote a profile of Barbette for
486:on gender illusion for the film
135:Barbette began performing as an
16:American entertainer (1899–1973)
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538:In addition to Cocteau's essay
1535:20th-century circus performers
1520:Drug-related suicides in Texas
1515:American vaudeville performers
1433:. Cambridge University Press.
1358:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1269:Holden, Stephen (1993-11-12).
990:"Barbette credits on Broadway"
943:Curlee, Kendall (2001-06-21).
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637:. In 1993, performance artist
167:Barbette (birth name cited as
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1530:People from Round Rock, Texas
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317:"Barbette," writes Cocteau,
1065:Liner, Elaine (2002-06-13).
992:. Internet Broadway Database
949:The Handbook of Texas Online
641:, under commission from the
7:
928:"Newspaper advertisement".
913:"Newspaper advertisement".
750:. 1953-10-15. pp. 16B.
492:(1959) Cocteau biographer
449:-produced Broadway musical
284:. Cocteau wrote in 1923 to
276:Barbette was championed by
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1495:American circus performers
1465:Internet Broadway Database
915:The Kingston Daily Freeman
815:Culme, John (2001-05-19).
786:Community Impact newspaper
635:Texas Institute of Letters
478:), and was hired to coach
1197:Williams, Albert (1997).
643:Brooklyn Academy of Music
615:based a character in the
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930:The Atlanta Constitution
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605:, which inspired a 1992
522:from 1969 through 1972.
311:Nouvelle Revue Française
263:The Passing Show of 1924
224:Keith Vaudeville Circuit
1525:LGBTQ people from Texas
1230:. The Poetry Foundation
1101:Wisconsin State Journal
887:Gewirtz, et al. p. 199.
461:Till the Clouds Roll By
343:experimental first film
324:plays the part of a man
143:. He performed in full
41:made on commission for
1199:"The Hidden Holocaust"
1160:The Paris (Texas) News
1032:Gewirtz, et al. p. 207
725:Gewirtz, et al. p. 198
542:and his appearance in
518:and toured with it in
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974:Wilmeth, et al. p. 55
903:Cullen, et al. p. 67.
647:Light Shall Lift Them
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244:William Morris Agency
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173:Vander Clyde Broadway
163:Early life and career
107:Vander Clyde Broadway
54:Vander Clyde Broadway
1500:American drag queens
1127:Cullen, et al. p. 76
1016:Cullen, et al. p. 68
1414:Tait, Peta (2005).
1384:Kibler, M. Alison.
748:San Antonio Express
593:Viktor und Viktoria
575:Viktor und Viktoria
570:Viktor und Viktoria
494:Francis Steegmuller
352:The Blood of a Poet
230:The toast of Europe
118:female impersonator
99:Female impersonator
1371:Behind the Big Top
1275:The New York Times
1228:"Albert Goldbarth"
1203:The Chicago Reader
1184:The New York Times
645:, based his piece
544:Le Sang d'un Poete
540:Le Numéro Barbette
347:Le Sang d'un Poete
288:friend and critic
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219:Harlem Opera House
116:, was an American
1505:Tightrope walkers
1172:Hammarstrom p. 37
1148:Hammarstrom p. 31
627:Different Fleshes
504:Curtis Harrington
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68:Round Rock, Texas
64:December 19, 1898
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613:Alfred Hitchcock
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452:Around the World
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271:London Palladium
238:Barbette in 1923
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1418:. Routledge.
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1343:. Routledge.
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1318:Cocteau, Jean
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80:(1973-08-05)
43:Jean Cocteau
18:
1490:1973 deaths
1480:1899 births
1117:Jumbo, 1935
1067:"Swingers:
659:Minneapolis
552:. The book
484:Tony Curtis
480:Jack Lemmon
385:Mistinguett
381:Anton Dolin
278:avant garde
208:San Antonio
1474:Categories
1312:References
1301:2013-12-04
1297:. Barbette
1295:"Barbette"
1280:2008-05-26
1255:2008-05-27
1234:2008-05-27
1213:2008-05-26
1139:Tait p. 76
1085:2008-05-19
996:2008-05-27
954:2007-10-04
826:2007-10-04
817:"Barbette"
796:2012-08-09
639:John Kelly
558:New Yorker
509:Night Tide
414:Hippodrome
400:Billy Rose
335:Surrealist
303:theatrical
215:vaudeville
177:Round Rock
111:stage name
60:1898-12-19
520:Australia
432:pneumonia
204:aerialist
141:pseudonym
137:aerialist
122:high-wire
1461:Barbette
1452:Barbette
1326:Barbette
1324:(1989).
1322:Ray, Man
1207:Archived
1069:Barbette
651:Barbette
554:Barbette
506:'s film
396:Broadway
114:Barbette
25:Barbette
1463:at the
622:Murder!
412:at the
398:in the
339:Man Ray
337:artist
286:Belgian
280:artist
157:Man Ray
126:trapeze
39:Man Ray
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1320:&
595:) and
549:Orphée
527:Austin
468:) and
360:Chanel
250:, the
196:Austin
665:Notes
619:film
436:polio
419:Jumbo
410:Jumbo
405:Jumbo
371:wire.
130:Texas
1456:IMDb
1435:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1330:ISBN
617:1930
597:1982
589:1957
579:1935
565:1933
482:and
476:1959
466:1946
387:and
356:1930
171:and
155:and
145:drag
75:Died
50:Born
1454:at
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