1124:
Design for All permits access to the built environment, access to services and user-friendly products which are not just a quality factor but a necessity for many aging or disabled persons. Including Design for All early in the design process is more cost-effective than making alterations after solutions are already in the market. This is best achieved by identifying and involving users ("stakeholders") in the decision-making processes that lead to drawing up the design brief and educating public and private sector decision-makers about the benefits to be gained from making coherent use of Design (for All) in a wide range of socio-economic situations
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great extent. Universal design is also being applied to the design of technology, instruction, services, and other products and environments. Several different fields, such as engineering, architecture, and medicine collaborate in order to effectively create accessible environments that can lend to inclusion for a variety of disabilities. It can change the socio-material relationships people have with spaces and environments and create positive experiences for all kinds of abilities. Which allows for meaningful participation across multiple demographics experiencing disability.
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within the building's services. They decided to focus their case study on administrative buildings in order to exemplify universal design that granted access for all citizens to all locations. Among the buildings, there were some shared issues. The researchers found that vertical movement was difficult for disabled patrons, given that there were no elevators. There was also no dropped curb, no
Braille system, and the handles of doors were difficult to open, and there were no sensory indicators such as sounds or visual signs.
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513:
1142:. The European Union refers to this under the terms eInclusion and eAccessibility. A three-way approach is proposed: goods which can be accessed by nearly all potential users without modification or, failing that, products being easy to adapt according to different needs, or using standardized interfaces that can be accessed simply by using assistive technology. To this end, manufacturers and service providers, especially, but not exclusively, in the
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36:
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enhance the quality of life through Design for All, it changed its name in 2006 to bring it into line with its core business. EIDD - Design for All Europe disseminates the application of Design for All to business and administration communities previously unaware of its benefits and currently (2016) has 31 member organizations in 20 European countries.
1401:
The types of
Universal Design elements vary dependent on the targeted population and the space. For example, in public spaces, universal design elements are often broad areas of accessibility while in private spaces, design elements address the specific requirements of the resident. Examples of these
1174:
EuCAN - The
European Concept for Accessibility Network started in 1984 as an open network of experts and advocates from all over Europe in order to promote and support the Design for All approach. The coordination work of EuCAN and the functioning of the network are mainly voluntary work. In 1999 the
1162:
The
European Design for All eAccessibility Network (EDeAN) was launched under the lead of the European Commission and the European Member States in 2002. It fosters Design for All for eInclusion, that is, creating an information society for all. It has national contact centres (NCCs) in almost all EU
1123:
Design for All has become a mainstream issue because of the aging of the population and its increasingly multi-ethnic composition. It follows a market approach and can reach out to a broader market. Easy-to-use, accessible, affordable products and services improve the quality of life of all citizens.
1069:
and agreed to set up a committee to define common design standards for a wide range of products and services that are easy to understand and use. Their goal is to publish a standard in 2004 which covers, among other areas, standards on containers and wrappings of household goods (based on a proposal
978:
increases the survival rate of those with significant injuries, illnesses, and birth defects, there is a growing interest in universal design. There are many industries in which universal design is having strong market penetration but there are many others in which it has not yet been adopted to any
1904:
One study conducted in Aswan, Egypt published in the
Journal of Engineering and Applied Science aimed to explore the accessibility in three administrative buildings in the area. They were looking for universal design in entrances and exits, circulation of traffic within the building, and wayfinding
1170:
and a 100% self-financed
European organization that covers the entire area of theory and practice of Design for All, from the built environment and tangible products to communication, service and system design. Originally set up in 1993 as the European Institute for Design and Disability (EIDD), to
1908:
This case highlights the importance if demographics when considering needs for universal design. Over 60% of the citizens who use this building on a daily basis are elderly, but there aren't accommodations that are helpful to their capabilities. Along with the lack of tactile features to guide the
942:
to describe the concept of designing all products and the built environment to be aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of their age, ability, or status in life. However, due to some people having unusual or conflicting access needs, such as a person with
1119:
Design for All has been highlighted in Europe by the
European Commission in seeking a more user-friendly society in Europe. Design for All is about ensuring that environments, products, services and interfaces work for people of all ages and abilities in different situations and under various
1100:(DfA) is used to describe a design philosophy targeting the use of products, services and systems by as many people as possible without the need for adaptation. "Design for All is design for human diversity, social inclusion and equality" (EIDD Stockholm Declaration, 2004). According to the
1716:- Loi n°2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées (Act n°2005-102 of 11 February 2005 for equality of rights and of opportunities, for participation and for citizenship of people with disabilities)
1384:
applies. The process of adapting barrier-free public policies started when the
Veterans Administration and US President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped noticed a large amount of US citizens coming back from the Vietnam War injured and unable to navigate public
1357:, for example poor public street lighting. In the case of new buildings, however, the idea of barrier-free modification has largely been superseded by the concept of universal design, which seeks to design things from the outset to support easy access.
910:
measure, which seeks to create design for all abilities. Evaluating material and structures that can be utilized by all. It addresses common barriers to participation by creating things that can be used by the maximum number of people possible.
1297:. Wellness bridges human performance and social participation. The last three goals addresses social participation outcomes. The definition and the goals are expanded upon in the textbook "Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments."
1392:
An example of a country that has sought to implement barrier-free accessibility in housing estates is
Singapore. Within five years, all public housing estates in the country, all 7,800 blocks of apartments, have benefited from the program.
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visually impaired, the space within the building is very congested, especially for one who may not have full physical capabilities and must use a wheelchair. The circulation suffers as a result, as well as the wayfinding in the structure.
991:
A1171.1 specifications were published as the first
Barrier Free Design standard. It presented criteria for designing facilities and programs for use by individuals with disabilities. The research started in 1949 at the
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Luxembourg Disability Information and Meeting Centre (better known by its acronym “Info-Handicap”) took over the coordination of the steering group, together with the implicit responsibility for the follow-up of the
1884:
1823:
Following the 2017 earthquake that destroyed a lot of Mexico City, this policy was released that involved the public in the rebuilding process, creating a good platform for requesting accessibility and universal
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made presentations around the globe in the late 1950s and 1960s presenting the concept of independent functional participation for individuals with disabilities through program options and architectural design.
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Disability ergonomics should be taught to designers, engineers, non-profits executives to further the understanding of what makes an environment wholly tenable and functional for individuals with disabilities.
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expanded the definition of the principles of universal design to include social participation and health and wellness. Rooted in evidence based design, the 8 goals of universal design were also developed.
1019:
3207:- a digital collection of over 200 products through our two gallery installations of the Unlimited by Design exhibition and a traveling exhibit called "live | work | eat | play." - from the
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2153:
Advances in design for inclusion: proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Design for Inclusion, July 17-21, 2017, the Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA
2809:
1176:
2471:"Universal design, inclusive design, accessible design, design for all: different concepts—one goal? On the concept of accessibility—historical, methodological and philosophical aspects"
5298:
1389:
The ADA is a law focusing on all building aspects, products and design that is based on the concept of respecting human rights. It doesn't contain design specifications directly.
1922:
Although there have been attempts to create more accessible public and outdoor spaces, the restorations made have ultimately failed to meet the needs of the disabled and elderly.
2978:
919:, different kinds of knowledge are relevant for different purposes. As a practical strategy for inclusion, Universal Design involves dilemmas and often difficult priorities.”
2831:"(Translated)장애인차별금지 및 권리구제 등에 관한 법률(장애인 차별 금지법) Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities, Remedy Against Infringement of Their Rights, etc"
1046:
UK. These publications contain valuable empirical data and studies of individuals with disabilities. Both standards are excellent resources for the designer and builder.
236:
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1863:– Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities (Identical to ISO/IEC Guide 71, but free for download)
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4002:
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from experts in Japan), and standardization of signs for public facilities, a subject which was of particular interest to China as it prepared to host the
2516:
5319:
2177:
1525:"Gesture movements" enabled spaces that may one help control temperature, lighting, social atmosphere, and other sensory qualities of an environment.
1887:
completed its activities on September 29, 2021. Twenty RERCs are currently funded. The Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access at the
3014:"How a diverse research ecosystem has generated new rehabilitation technologies: Review of NIDILRR's Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers"
1872:
ISO/TS 20282-2:2013 – Usability of consumer products and products for public use — Part 2: Summative test method, published 1 August 2013
4683:
2581:
1992:
1846:
987:
In 1960, specifications for barrier-free design were published as a compendium of over 11 years of disability ergonomic research. In 1961, the
802:
3087:
2115:
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551:
2810:"Loi n°2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées"
5131:
373:
3012:
Reinkensmeyer, David J.; Blackstone, Sarah; Bodine, Cathy; Brabyn, John; Brienza, David; Caves, Kevin; DeRuyter, Frank (December 2017).
5482:
2236:
1143:
1001:
2223:
1866:
ISO 21542:2021 – Building construction — Accessibility and usability of the built environment (available in English and French)
1104:, it "encourages manufacturers and service providers to produce new technologies for everyone: technologies that are suitable for the
1854:
1579:
1239:
or barrier-free design contains and few brief guidelines that can be applied to design processes in any realm: physical or digital.
1089:(1963), pioneered the concept of free access for people with disabilities. His most significant achievement was the creation of the
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226:
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Document describing 12 points of intention for the government, the following are directly related to accessibility in Mexico City
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5381:
5283:
2845:"Act relating to a prohibition against discrimination on the basis of disability (the Anti-Discrimination and Accessibility Act)"
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1023:
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993:
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or sidewalk ramps, which are essential for people in wheelchairs but also used by all, are a common example of universal design.
3163:"Towards inclusion and diversity in the light of Universal Design: three administrative buildings in Aswan city as case studies"
5624:
870:
2767:
4757:
2619:
2197:
2160:
1968:
1941:
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The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on universal design in the Built Environment funded by what is now the
1179:(ECA). The EuCAN publications - like ECA - aim to provide practical guidance. They are neither academic nor policy documents.
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988:
2880:
5350:
3538:
337:
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1869:
ISO 20282-1:2006 – Ease of operation of everyday products — Part 1: Context of use and user characteristics
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or have physical impairments. The term is used primarily in Japan and other non-English speaking countries (e.g. German:
2335:
2090:
2070:"CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES BETWEEN UNIVERSAL DESIGN AND DISABILITY IN RELATION TO THE BODY, IMPAIRMENT, AND THE ENVIRONMENT"
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1754:
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418:
381:
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4711:
2999:
2422:
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A 19-point plan describing the rights of elderly citizens, where the following are directly related to accessibility
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1626:- Ley nº 20.422, "ESTABLECE NORMAS SOBRE IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES E INCLUSIÓN SOCIAL DE PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD."
5185:
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4561:
3235:
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Surface textures that require low force to traverse on level, less than 5 pounds force per 120 pounds rolling force
544:
408:
246:
143:
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5124:
3208:
1633:
1564:
1189:
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published in 2008 by Optimastudio with the support of Spain's Ministry of Education, Social Affairs and Sports (
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needing dim light, universal design does not address absolutely every need for every person in every situation.
5502:
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4064:
2524:
1758:
1528:
Cabinets with pull-out shelves, kitchen counters at several heights to accommodate different tasks and postures
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413:
265:
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5712:
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5190:
4777:
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1672:- legge n. 13/1989; D.M. n. 236/1989; legge n. 104/1992; D.P.R. n. 503/1996; D.P.R. n. 380/2001 (artt. 77–82)
221:
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design elements are varied and leverage different approaches for different effects. Some examples include:
342:
17:
1687:- Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights & Full Participation) Act, 1995
5360:
5335:
5164:
3880:
3442:
2830:
2362:
1112:, as much as the teenage techno wizard." The origin of Design for All lies in the field of barrier-free
537:
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109:
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2021:
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114:
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Wide interior doors (3'0"), hallways, and alcoves with 60" × 60" turning space at doors and dead-ends
1345:" and "accessible" dominate in everyday use. An example of barrier-free design would be installing a
1202:
825:
609:
362:
156:
138:
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5522:
5497:
4909:
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642:
241:
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4726:
4678:
4536:
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Single-hand operation with closed fist for operable components including fire alarm pull stations
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that "kneel" (bring their front end to ground level to eliminate gap) and/or are equipped with
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any element which could make the use of the environment inconvenient was considered a barrier
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3109:"United States: Grant Helps Carnegie Mellon, University at Buffalo Improve Transit Access".
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3000:
Usability of consumer products and products for public use -- Part 2: Summative test method
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835:
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283:
191:
119:
779:
57:
8:
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is also a term that applies to accessibility in situations where legal codes such as the
1139:
1101:
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757:
517:
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3126:
2469:
Persson, Hans; Åhman, Henrik; Yngling, Alexander Arvei; Gulliksen, Jan (November 2015).
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1986:
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19. Right to a sustainable city environment that provides mobility and quality of life
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4772:
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4012:
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1974:
1964:
1947:
1937:
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318:
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161:
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published three editions 1963, 1967, 1976 and 1997 of Designing for the Disabled by
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Universal design and visitability : from accessability [sic] to zoning
2502:
2482:
2185:
2036:
2031:
2016:
1146:(ICT), produce new technologies, products, services and applications for everyone.
1138:
Design for All criteria are aimed at ensuring that everyone can participate in the
1082:
1043:
454:
449:
186:
3094:. School of Architecture and Planning: University at Buffalo. 2020. Archived from
2901:
2656:
2369:. School of Architecture and Planning: University at Buffalo. 2020. Archived from
2139:
The Center for Universal Design is currently not active due to funding challenges.
1829:
Madrid, Spain. "PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DEL AYUNTAMIENTO DE MADRID."
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2011:
2006:
1885:
National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
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1471:
1346:
1223:
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975:
971:
604:
288:
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Components that do not require tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist
5614:
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5034:
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4914:
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907:
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347:
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2486:
2155:. Advances in intelligent systems and computing. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
1978:
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576:
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61:
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1000:, who is credited in the 1961, 1971, and 1980 standards, also started the
27:
Design philosophy associated with accessibility and usability for everyone
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1719:
1247:
In 2012, the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access at the
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for people with disabilities and the broader notion of universal design.
1062:
948:
939:
789:
459:
1722:- Prohibition of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities, 2008
1367:
Thinking inclusively about the whole range of impairment and disability,
5641:
5456:
5154:
5140:
4613:
4208:
3987:
3709:
3689:
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1519:
Light switches with large flat panels rather than small toggle switches
1350:
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1217:
1208:
967:
944:
899:
441:
308:
84:
2394:. Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access. April 10, 2012
1798:
Mexico City, Mexico. "Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo's Plan for Government."
5441:
4879:
4603:
4588:
4546:
4158:
3718:
3558:
1934:
Crónica del siglo de la peste : pandemias, discapacidad y diseño
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1549:
1537:
The following examples of Designs for All were presented in the book
1489:
Functional clearances for approach and use of elements and components
1294:
936:
820:
784:
298:
50:
1127:
5573:
4213:
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3011:
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1090:
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46:
5299:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
2370:
1364:
Recognizing the features that could form barriers for some people,
5252:
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4502:
3372:
1820:
Mexico City, Mexico. "Plaza Pública." Reconstruction Commission.
1731:
1707:
1605:
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countries and more than 160 network members in national networks.
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When disabling mechanisms are to be replaced with mechanisms for
428:
104:
3161:
Khalil, M. E.; Mohamed, N. A.; Morghany, E. A. (December 2021).
1734:- National Law on Persons with Disability, enacted 17 June 2010.
1483:
Surfaces that are stable, firm, and slip resistant per ASTM 2047
4593:
3244:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1595:
1569:
903:
895:
887:
1745:
Laws and policies related to accessibility or universal design
1511:
Components that require less than 5 pounds of force to operate
5109:
3305:
1782:. General Services Administration. March 2022. Archived from
1684:
1669:
1623:
1522:
Buttons and other controls that can be distinguished by touch
1414:
Auditory output redundant with information on visual displays
1058:
1054:
2468:
2069:
1961:
Accessible America : a history of disability and design
4345:
2413:
Steinfeld, Edward; Maisel, Jordana, eds. (April 10, 2012).
1514:
1444:
Instruction that presents material both orally and visually
1417:
Visual output redundant with information in auditory output
1411:
Bright and appropriate lighting, particularly task lighting
1008:
996:
and continues to this day. The principal investigator, Dr.
2947:
Advancing urban Rights: Equality and Diversity in the City
2657:"Ley Chile - Ley 20422 - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional"
2635:
2277:
1502:
Lever handles for opening doors rather than twisting knobs
1441:
Web pages that provide alternative text to describe images
3213:
2682:"Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - United States Access Board"
2151:
Di Bucchianico, Giuseppe; Kercher, Pete F., eds. (2018).
1755:"Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005"
1646:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
1467:
1370:
Reviewing everything - from structure to smallest detail,
1329:
or facilities so that they can be used by people who are
1167:
2263:
1601:
Other useful items for those with mobility limitations:
1281:
The first four goals are oriented to human performance:
2609:
Feo, Roberto & Hurtado, Rosario & Optimastudio
1851:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
1835:
11. Right to live free from discrimination and violence
1373:
Seeking feedback from users and learning from mistakes.
1341:), while in English-speaking countries, terms such as "
1300:
5289:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
3160:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2150:
3092:
Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access
2546:
Nasar, Jack L; Evans-Cowley, Jennifer, eds. (2007).
2367:
Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access
2310:
2237:"The UK Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries"
2122:. Raleigh: NC State University. 2008. Archived from
890:
of buildings, products or environments to make them
1149:
1093:– now a standard feature of the built environment.
2211:
1640:More Disability Rights Laws in the United States:
1447:Labels in large print on equipment control buttons
1426:Clear lines of sight to reduce dependence on sound
958:concepts, the broader accessibility movement, and
2545:
2415:Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments
1128:In information and communication technology (ICT)
5699:
2336:"The Principles of Universal Design Version 2.0"
2178:"Sociology and disability: some emerging issues"
2412:
1396:
1315:
954:Universal design emerged from slightly earlier
3018:Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
1847:International Organization for Standardization
1740:- Accessible Canada Act, enacted 11 July 2019.
1728:- Discrimination and Accessibility Act of 2009
1658:Civil Rights for Institutionalized Persons Act
1309:
803:Universalism and the Latter Day Saint movement
5294:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
5125:
3229:
2944:
2523:. Singapore. 19 November 2012. Archived from
2330:
2328:
1477:Smooth, ground level entrances without stairs
1026:. The archived research documents are at the
864:
545:
1325:building modification consists of modifying
2475:Universal Access in the Information Society
1936:(in Spanish). Getafe, Madrid: Experimenta.
1661:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
989:American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
5682:
5483:Augmentative and alternative communication
5132:
5118:
3236:
3222:
3167:Journal of Engineering and Applied Science
2580:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2325:
1991:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1958:
1353:users alongside steps. In the late 1990s,
1144:Information and Communication Technologies
1002:National Wheelchair Basketball Association
871:
857:
552:
538:
3178:
3055:
3029:
2091:"How to deal with competing access needs"
1855:International Electrotechnical Commission
1636:of 1990 and Section 508 Amendment to the
1532:
1038:Another comprehensive publication by the
4753:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
1613:Wireless remote controlled window shades
1610:Wireless remote controlled power sockets
1438:Signs with light-on-dark visual contrast
1423:Use of meaningful icons with text labels
1235:Each principle is broader than those of
5518:Disproportionality in special education
2940:
2938:
2363:"Who we are? What is universal design?"
1617:
1382:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
1183:
1158:to promote and develop Design for All:
1020:Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards
994:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
947:needing bright light and a person with
14:
5700:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2873:"THE LAW ON PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES"
2768:"Disability and the Equality Act 2010"
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2417:. Hoboken: Wiley. pp. 408 pages.
2175:
1894:
1457:
1360:Freeing a building of barriers means:
1053:In October 2003, representatives from
982:
144:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
5113:
4798:
4758:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
4501:
3946:
3273:
3217:
2904:. laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. 2019-07-11
2464:
2462:
2460:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2357:
2355:
1040:Royal Institute of British Architects
419:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
2747:"Disability Discrimination Act 1992"
2303:"European concept for accessibility"
2085:
2083:
2063:
2061:
1931:
1776:"Universal Design and Accessibility"
1192:expounded the following principles:
1024:American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
902:, or other factors. It emerged as a
338:Social Security Disability Insurance
29:
5625:Disability in children's literature
3205:Universal Design Product Collection
3139:
2915:
2699:
1899:
1878:
1435:Choice of language on speech output
1231:Size and space for approach and use
1188:The Center for Universal Design at
1011:A117.1 standard was adopted by the
970:into these core considerations. As
24:
5488:Emotional or behavioral disability
4799:
4702:American Institute of Graphic Arts
2611:Diseños para Todos/Designs for All
2457:
2439:
2352:
2067:
1757:. 15 December 2009. Archived from
1699:Disability Discrimination Act 2005
1695:Disability Discrimination Act 1995
1680:Disability Discrimination Act 1992
1539:Diseños para todos/Designs for All
1429:Volume controls on auditory output
1420:Contrast controls on visual output
1177:European Concept for Accessibility
1166:EIDD - Design for All Europe is a
1030:(ICC) - ANSI A117.1 division. Dr.
382:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
5744:
4712:Design and Industries Association
3198:
2791:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 2005-07-08
2722:"Guide to Disability Rights Laws"
2080:
2058:
1432:Speed controls on auditory output
1154:In Europe, people have joined in
1077:
1022:(UFAS) in 1984, then in 1990 for
5681:
5672:
5671:
2517:"Making HDB Towns User Friendly"
1912:
1405:
1150:European organizational networks
583:
512:
511:
409:National Telecommuting Institute
34:
3274:
3209:University at Buffalo Libraries
3113:. Al Bawaba. 11 December 2018.
3102:
3080:
3005:
2993:
2971:
2953:
2894:
2865:
2837:
2823:
2812:(in French). Legifrance.gouv.fr
2802:
2781:
2760:
2739:
2674:
2649:
2628:
2602:
2588:
2539:
2509:
2406:
2392:"The Goals of Universal Design"
2384:
2295:
2120:The Center for Universal Design
1925:
1655:National Voter Registration Act
1634:Americans with Disabilities Act
1190:North Carolina State University
1016:General Services Administration
732:Primitive Baptist Universalists
5503:Disability and LGBT identities
5139:
4707:Chartered Society of Designers
3947:
2270:
2252:
2229:
2169:
2144:
2108:
1917:
1496:
737:Universalist Church of America
414:Society for Disability Studies
266:Unlicensed assistive personnel
49:format but may read better as
13:
1:
5315:Services for mental disorders
4778:Prince Philip Designers Prize
3421:Architectural lighting design
2622:Downloadable free version of
2341:. Design.ncsu.edu. 1997-04-01
2052:
2027:Inclusion (disability rights)
1492:Ramp access in swimming pools
5320:Services for disabled people
4584:Electronic design automation
4567:Virtual home design software
3539:Automotive suspension design
1810:9. Human rights and equality
1397:Barrier-Free Design Examples
726:Unitarians and Universalists
343:Supplemental Security Income
105:Ableism / Disablism
7:
5603:Arts, media, culture, sport
3443:Environmental impact design
2945:Garcia-Checua, Eva (2022).
2770:. Direct.gov.uk. 2013-05-30
2552:. Columbus OH. p. 53.
2000:
1474:rather than on-board lifts.
1316:
358:Disabled students allowance
353:Disability Living Allowance
10:
5749:
5630:Disability in horror films
5422:Activities of daily living
4722:International Forum Design
4092:Engineering design process
3243:
3180:10.1186/s44147-021-00020-0
3024:(1). BIoMed Central: 109.
2074:Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
2022:Disability rights movement
1857:have developed standards:
1813:10. Equality and inclusion
1773:United States of America.
1664:Architectural Barriers Act
1638:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
1301:The "barrier-free" concept
1131:
1087:Designing for the Disabled
1028:International Code Council
926:
217:Disability rights movement
5667:
5602:
5536:
5475:
5409:
5374:
5328:
5307:
5271:
5245:
5238:
5178:
5147:
5057:
4805:
4794:
4735:
4694:
4637:
4527:
4523:
4497:
3953:
3942:
3844:Integrated circuit design
3779:
3766:Stage/set lighting design
3698:
3655:Hardware interface design
3614:
3571:Hardware interface design
3522:
3404:
3284:
3280:
3269:
3251:
3031:10.1186/s12984-017-0321-3
3002:accessed 14 November 2016
2487:10.1007/s10209-014-0358-z
1959:Williamson, Bess (2020).
1310:
894:to people, regardless of
363:Disabled Persons Railcard
5523:Sexuality and disability
5498:Disability and disasters
5410:Structural and assistive
4679:Industrial design rights
4667:Fashion design copyright
4579:Design quality indicator
4028:Creative problem-solving
3819:Electrical system design
3675:Sonic interaction design
3586:Photographic lens design
3460:Healthy community design
2451:Encyclopedia of the City
2042:Transgenerational design
1891:is a current recipient.
1277:Cultural Appropriateness
1242:
966:and also seeks to blend
724:International Council of
702:Universal reconciliation
697:Trinitarian universalism
643:Universal basic services
376:the Severely Handicapped
332:Socioeconomic assistance
242:Sexuality and disability
5637:Disability in the media
5508:Disability and religion
5447:Personal Care Assistant
4875:New product development
4840:Enterprise architecture
4768:IF Product Design Award
4727:Design Research Society
4279:Reliability engineering
2902:"Accessible Canada Act"
2453:. Routledge. p. 4.
2278:"Design for All Europe"
2190:10.4324/9781315841984-2
1565:Flexible drinking straw
1466:systems with low-floor
1134:Design for All (in ICT)
496:Disability in the media
58:converting this article
5620:Disability in the arts
5513:Disability and poverty
5452:Physical accessibility
4331:Top-down and bottom-up
3680:User experience design
3581:Packaging and labeling
3554:Electric guitar design
3492:Landscape architecture
2182:Disability and Society
2095:Independence Australia
1932:Vega, Eugenio (2022).
1652:Air Carrier Access Act
1649:Telecommunications Act
1533:Design for All Example
718:Unitarian Universalism
638:Universal basic income
486:Disability in the arts
304:Physical accessibility
5211:driver rehabilitation
4860:Innovation management
4743:European Design Award
4509:Intellectual property
4326:Theory of constraints
4289:Responsibility-driven
4129:For manufacturability
4033:Creativity techniques
3871:Nuclear weapon design
3685:User interface design
3549:Corrugated box design
3470:Interior architecture
3133:Gale Academic OneFile
2789:"DISABILITY ACT 2005"
2449:Caves, R. W. (2004).
2266:on December 11, 2003.
2222:European Commission:
2118:. College of Design.
1889:University at Buffalo
1710:- Disability Act 2005
1592:(roll along suitcase)
1249:University at Buffalo
1013:US federal government
653:Universal health care
627:Economic and societal
232:People-first language
210:Societal implications
5718:Architectural theory
5713:Architectural design
5544:Models of disability
5528:Youth and disability
5493:Invisible disability
5442:Orthotics and braces
5427:Assistive technology
5239:Rights, law, support
4905:Unintelligent design
4885:Philosophy of design
4599:Design specification
4552:Comprehensive layout
4124:For behaviour change
4097:Probabilistic design
3859:Power network design
3396:Visual merchandising
3353:Instructional design
3331:Postage stamp design
2686:www.access-board.gov
2224:Design for All (DfA)
2176:Barton, Len (1996),
1618:National legislation
1184:Principles and Goals
1072:2008 Summer Olympics
964:assistive technology
299:Orthotics and braces
284:Assistive technology
5708:Accessible building
5196:Learning disability
4825:Creative industries
4748:German Design Award
4657:Design infringement
4542:Architectural model
3881:Organization design
3876:Nucleic acid design
3824:Experimental design
3377:Traffic sign design
3088:"RERC-UD 2015-2020"
2949:. Black Rose Books.
2596:"Cash Is Universal"
2527:on 29 November 2012
1895:Common Shortcomings
1861:CEN/CENELEC Guide 6
1560:Electric toothbrush
1458:Access and Mobility
1450:Audio description,
1228:Low physical effort
1224:Tolerance for error
1140:Information society
1102:European Commission
983:Barrier-Free Design
758:Unlimited atonement
710:Churches and groups
260:Personal assistance
167:Learning disability
5610:Disability culture
5537:Disability studies
5432:Independent living
5160:Disability studies
4890:Process simulation
4865:Intelligent design
4189:Intelligence-based
4184:Integrated topside
4114:Framework-oriented
3799:Behavioural design
3670:Information design
3348:Information design
2979:"ISO 20282-1:2006"
2877:www.drdvietnam.org
2129:on October 4, 2017
1271:Social Integration
935:was coined by the
658:Universal suffrage
633:Cultural universal
615:Universalizability
600:Moral universalism
374:Assured Income for
60:, if appropriate.
5695:
5694:
5564:Neuroqueer theory
5467:Web accessibility
5417:Accessible toilet
5405:
5404:
5258:Disability rights
5253:Ableism/disablism
5107:
5106:
5053:
5052:
4820:Conceptual design
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4773:James Dyson Award
4629:Website wireframe
4619:Technical drawing
4493:
4492:
4341:Transgenerational
4082:Ecological design
3958:Activity-centered
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3916:Spacecraft design
3710:Public art design
3648:Video game design
3626:Experience design
3596:Production design
3576:Motorcycle design
3534:Automotive design
3438:Ecological design
3316:Film title design
2620:978-84-691-3870-0
2598:. CashEssentials.
2282:EIDD - DfA Europe
2199:978-1-315-84198-4
2162:978-3-319-60597-5
1970:978-1-4798-0249-4
1943:978-84-18049-73-6
1804:6. Public Spaces
1703:Equality Act 2010
1643:Fair Housing Act
1452:closed captioning
1237:accessible design
881:
880:
765:
764:
562:
561:
319:Web accessibility
279:Accessible toilet
162:Special education
100:Disability theory
93:Theory and models
79:
78:
16:(Redirected from
5740:
5685:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5657:Special Olympics
5549:Inspiration porn
5462:Universal design
5263:Pejorative terms
5243:
5242:
5206:Physical therapy
5134:
5127:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
4796:
4795:
4673:Geschmacksmuster
4647:Community design
4525:
4524:
4499:
4498:
4259:Process-centered
4055:Design–bid–build
4023:Cradle-to-cradle
4003:Concept-oriented
3944:
3943:
3921:Strategic design
3891:Processor design
3866:Mechanism design
3834:Geometric design
3794:Algorithm design
3734:Jewellery design
3665:Immersive design
3559:Furniture design
3504:Landscape design
3282:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3158:
3137:
3136:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3059:
3033:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2989:on May 26, 2005.
2985:. Archived from
2975:
2969:
2968:
2967:. June 16, 2021.
2961:"ISO 21542:2021"
2957:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2879:. Archived from
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:. Austlii.edu.au
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2718:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2626:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2466:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2309:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2262:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2116:"Ronald L. Mace"
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2037:Sensory friendly
2032:Inclusive design
2017:Development plan
1996:
1990:
1982:
1955:
1900:Aswan Case Study
1879:Funding agencies
1795:
1793:
1791:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:on 14 April 2021
1356:
1335:Barrierefreiheit
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1108:and people with
1083:Selwyn Goldsmith
1044:Selwyn Goldsmith
933:universal design
884:Universal design
873:
866:
859:
793:
676:
675:
648:Universal design
587:
564:
563:
554:
547:
540:
515:
514:
455:Paralympic Games
450:Special Olympics
314:Universal design
237:Pejorative terms
81:
80:
74:
71:
65:
56:You can help by
38:
37:
30:
21:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5663:
5598:
5532:
5471:
5401:
5375:Activist groups
5370:
5324:
5303:
5267:
5234:
5174:
5143:
5138:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5049:
4850:Futures studies
4801:
4782:
4731:
4690:
4639:
4633:
4519:
4518:
4489:
4395:Value sensitive
4385:User innovation
4264:Public interest
4229:Object-oriented
3949:
3930:
3911:Software design
3901:Research design
3854:Physical design
3809:Database design
3783:
3781:
3775:
3751:Property design
3746:Game art design
3700:
3694:
3617:
3610:
3525:
3518:
3475:Interior design
3426:Building design
3407:
3400:
3287:
3276:
3265:
3247:
3242:
3201:
3196:
3159:
3140:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2943:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2624:Designs for All
2607:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2573:
2572:
2560:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2467:
2458:
2447:
2440:
2425:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2313:on 1 April 2022
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2149:
2145:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2012:Curb cut effect
2007:Autism friendly
2003:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1944:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1902:
1897:
1881:
1789:
1787:
1786:on 29 June 2022
1774:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1751:Ontario, Canada
1747:
1620:
1535:
1499:
1460:
1408:
1399:
1354:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1274:Personalization
1245:
1186:
1152:
1136:
1130:
1120:circumstances.
1080:
985:
976:modern medicine
972:life expectancy
929:
877:
841:
840:
816:
808:
807:
791:
775:
774:Other religions
767:
766:
728:
725:
673:
663:
662:
628:
620:
619:
605:Universal value
595:
558:
527:
501:
500:
481:
471:
470:
469:
444:
434:
433:
404:
403:
387:
386:
378:
375:
333:
325:
324:
323:
289:Assisted living
261:
253:
252:
251:
211:
203:
202:
201:
181:
173:
172:
171:
134:
126:
125:
124:
94:
75:
69:
66:
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5746:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5679:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5615:Disability art
5612:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
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5531:
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5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
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5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
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5363:
5358:
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5332:
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5317:
5311:
5309:
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5203:
5198:
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5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
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4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4918:
4917:
4915:Wicked problem
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
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4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:Related topics
4792:
4791:
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4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
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4733:
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4724:
4719:
4717:Design Council
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4684:European Union
4676:
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4659:
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4405:
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4402:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4365:
4363:Usage-centered
4360:
4359:
4358:
4356:Design for All
4348:
4343:
4338:
4336:Transformation
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:Research-based
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:Platform-based
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:KISS principle
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Fault-tolerant
4106:
4104:Error-tolerant
4101:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4087:Energy neutral
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4043:Design fiction
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
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3965:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3926:Systems design
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3896:Protein design
3893:
3888:
3886:Process design
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Circuit design
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3771:Textile design
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3729:Costume design
3724:Fashion design
3721:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
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3622:
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3609:
3608:
3606:Service design
3603:
3601:Sensory design
3598:
3593:
3591:Product design
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
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3551:
3546:
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3511:
3509:Spatial design
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3487:Keyline design
3484:
3483:
3482:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3453:Computer-aided
3445:
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3434:
3433:
3423:
3418:
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3401:
3399:
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3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3321:Graphic design
3318:
3313:
3311:Exhibit design
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3241:
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3233:
3226:
3218:
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3211:
3200:
3199:External links
3197:
3195:
3194:
3138:
3131:Found through
3101:
3098:on 2021-04-14.
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2559:978-1427618955
2558:
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2508:
2481:(4): 505–526.
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2198:
2168:
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2107:
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2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Urban planning
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1969:
1956:
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1780:Section508.gov
1771:
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1691:United Kingdom
1688:
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1627:
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1599:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:Tactile paving
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Automatic door
1552:
1545:) and CEAPAT:
1534:
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1464:Public transit
1459:
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1132:Main article:
1129:
1126:
1098:Design for All
1079:
1078:Design for All
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998:Timothy Nugent
984:
981:
928:
925:
908:discrimination
879:
878:
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875:
868:
861:
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850:
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560:
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542:
534:
531:
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529:
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526:
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520:
508:
503:
502:
499:
498:
493:
491:Disability art
488:
482:
477:
476:
473:
472:
468:
467:
465:Invictus Games
462:
457:
452:
446:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
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398:
394:
393:
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389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
372:
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365:
360:
355:
350:
348:Ticket to Work
345:
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334:
331:
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327:
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321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
274:
273:
262:
259:
258:
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250:
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247:Women's health
244:
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204:
200:
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194:
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157:Special school
154:
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141:
135:
132:
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112:
107:
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76:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5745:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Accessibility
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5688:
5680:
5678:
5670:
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5666:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
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5608:
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5587:
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5524:
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5516:
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5509:
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5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:Social issues
5474:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
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5364:
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5327:
5321:
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5277:
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5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
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5256:
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5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5229:
5226:
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5221:
5220:
5219:
5218:Special needs
5216:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Mainstreaming
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:Medical model
5163:
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5153:
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5030:specification
5028:
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5018:
5016:
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5011:
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5001:
4998:
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4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:architectural
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Visualization
4908:
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4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Cultural icon
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
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4811:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4797:
4793:
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4720:
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4715:
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4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:Organizations
4693:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Design patent
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:Design around
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4636:
4630:
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4522:
4514:
4512:Organizations
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
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4458:
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4398:
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4388:
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4379:
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4374:
4373:User-centered
4371:
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4364:
4361:
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4349:
4347:
4344:
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4321:Tableless web
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4270:
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4260:
4257:
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4244:Participatory
4242:
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4232:
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4227:
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4157:
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4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:For Six Sigma
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4098:
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4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Domain-driven
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4065:architect-led
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
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4039:
4036:
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4026:
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4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Configuration
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Brainstorming
3971:
3969:
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3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
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3952:
3945:
3941:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Social design
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
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3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Filter design
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Boiler design
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Scenic design
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:Floral design
3739:
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3730:
3727:
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3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:Garden design
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3431:Passive solar
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3406:Environmental
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Retail design
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
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3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3286:Communication
3283:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3234:
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3128:
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3097:
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3019:
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3001:
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2956:
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2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2903:
2897:
2883:on 2014-02-01
2882:
2878:
2874:
2868:
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2840:
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2811:
2805:
2790:
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2742:
2727:
2723:
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2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2662:
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2652:
2638:. Qdrum.co.za
2637:
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2621:
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2614:
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2522:
2521:wordpress.com
2518:
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2500:
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2480:
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2472:
2465:
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2461:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2424:9781118168455
2420:
2416:
2409:
2393:
2387:
2373:on 2022-03-08
2372:
2368:
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2358:
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2255:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:, Routledge,
2183:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2127:(Remembrance)
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2048:
2045:
2043:
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2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1913:Latin America
1910:
1906:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1871:
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1852:
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1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Low-floor bus
1573:
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1428:
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1419:
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1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:Communication
1403:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:accessibility
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:anthropometry
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:Understanding
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
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1178:
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1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:accessibility
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
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1084:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1064:
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1036:
1033:
1029:
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1021:
1017:
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1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
980:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
941:
938:
934:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
906:-based, anti-
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
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854:
852:
851:
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832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
812:
811:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
792:(Neo-Vedanta)
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
771:
770:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
749:
748:
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727:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
709:
708:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Apocatastasis
685:
684:
683:
682:
678:
677:
672:
667:
666:
659:
656:
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651:
649:
646:
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634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:Philosophical
591:
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586:
582:
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566:
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541:
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400:Organizations
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230:
228:
227:Normalization
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206:
198:
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193:
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185:
184:
177:
176:
168:
165:
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160:
158:
155:
153:
152:Special needs
150:
149:
145:
142:
140:
139:Mainstreaming
137:
136:
130:
129:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
110:Medical model
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
90:
89:
86:
83:
82:
73:
70:December 2021
64:is available.
63:
59:
53:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5733:Universalism
5579:Anthropology
5569:Deaf studies
5559:Crip as verb
5461:
5437:Mobility aid
5397:Reach Canada
5170:Social model
4900:STEAM fields
4870:Lean startup
4855:Indie design
4671:
4638:Intellectual
4390:Value-driven
4368:Use-centered
4350:
4274:Regenerative
4254:Policy-based
4214:Mind mapping
4119:For assembly
4060:Design–build
3978:By committee
3963:Adaptive web
3761:Sound design
3719:glass design
3717: /
3702:applied arts
3643:Level design
3514:Urban design
3465:Hotel design
3416:Architecture
3391:Video design
3384: /
3375: /
3343:Illustration
3336:Print design
3306:Brand design
3170:
3166:
3132:
3130:
3110:
3104:
3096:the original
3091:
3082:
3021:
3017:
3007:
2995:
2987:the original
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2906:. Retrieved
2896:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:the original
2876:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:
2839:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2804:
2793:. Retrieved
2783:
2772:. Retrieved
2762:
2751:. Retrieved
2741:
2730:. Retrieved
2728:. 2023-12-01
2725:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2640:. Retrieved
2630:
2623:
2610:
2604:
2590:
2548:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2520:
2511:
2478:
2474:
2450:
2414:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2386:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:the original
2366:
2343:. Retrieved
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2264:the original
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2231:
2203:, retrieved
2181:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2131:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2119:
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2097:. 2020-08-03
2094:
2073:
1963:. New York.
1960:
1933:
1926:Bibliography
1921:
1907:
1903:
1882:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1600:
1590:Trolley case
1538:
1536:
1400:
1391:
1386:
1378:Barrier-free
1377:
1376:
1359:
1339:esteettömyys
1338:
1334:
1306:Barrier-free
1305:
1304:
1287:biomechanics
1280:
1246:
1234:
1187:
1153:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1110:disabilities
1097:
1095:
1091:dropped curb
1086:
1085:, author of
1081:
1052:
1048:
1037:
1006:
986:
956:barrier-free
955:
953:
932:
930:
912:
883:
882:
831:Perennialism
780:Baháʼí Faith
647:
610:Universality
577:Universalism
424:Visitability
368:Freedom Pass
313:
294:Mobility aid
192:Occupational
120:Other models
115:Social model
67:
62:Editing help
44:
18:Barrier-free
5652:Paralympics
5647:Deaflympics
5457:Prosthetics
5148:Main topics
4938:competition
4895:Slow design
4845:Form factor
4815:Concept art
4624:HTML editor
4304:Sustainable
4139:For testing
3983:By contract
3839:Work design
3814:Drug design
3786:engineering
3660:Icon design
3638:Game design
3616:Interaction
3564:Sustainable
3497:Sustainable
3386:Type design
3363:Photography
3358:News design
3301:Book design
3296:Advertising
3275:Disciplines
3111:Mena Report
2613:Madrid 2008
1918:Guadalajara
1807:7. Mobility
1720:South Korea
1497:Ease of Use
1337:; Finnish:
1220:information
1218:Perceptible
1203:Flexibility
1063:South Korea
949:photophobia
940:Ronald Mace
460:Deaflympics
309:Prosthetics
5702:Categories
5642:Parasports
5179:Approaches
5155:Disability
5141:Disability
5098:Wiktionary
5091:Wikisource
5045:technology
5015:principles
4614:Storyboard
4440:management
4435:leadership
4400:Privacy by
4239:Parametric
4209:Metadesign
4179:Integrated
4169:High-level
4154:Generative
4149:Functional
4018:Continuous
4013:Contextual
3988:C-K theory
3948:Approaches
3690:Web design
3544:CMF design
3524:Industrial
3382:Typography
3127:A565298465
2908:2022-04-06
2887:2023-11-03
2857:3 November
2852:app.uio.no
2816:2013-07-26
2795:2013-07-26
2774:2013-07-26
2753:2013-07-26
2732:2023-12-02
2666:3 November
2661:www.bcn.cl
2642:2013-07-26
2398:August 31,
2377:2013-07-26
2345:2024-09-12
2307:www.eca.lu
2245:2013-07-26
2205:2024-04-11
2101:2022-10-14
2053:References
1979:1126545082
1952:1298550791
1853:, and the
1351:wheelchair
1317:bariafurii
1291:perception
1018:under the
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968:aesthetics
945:low vision
900:disability
892:accessible
826:Nondualism
518:Disability
442:Parasports
85:Disability
5589:Education
5584:Geography
5228:education
5191:Inclusion
5084:Wikiquote
5070:Wikibooks
5020:rationale
4985:knowledge
4960:education
4880:OODA loop
4604:Prototype
4589:Flowchart
4547:Blueprint
4415:computing
4351:Universal
4299:Safe-life
4204:Low-level
4194:Iterative
4174:Inclusive
4159:Geodesign
4050:Defensive
3998:Co-design
3968:Affective
3189:1110-1903
3119:926165117
3048:909885328
3040:1743-0003
2636:"Q-Drums"
2576:cite book
2568:173818638
2495:1615-5289
2433:787849904
1987:cite book
1676:Australia
1550:Audiobook
1327:buildings
1295:cognition
1262:Awareness
1213:intuitive
1197:Equitable
1096:The term
937:architect
931:The term
921:Curb cuts
917:inclusion
836:Theosophy
821:Mysticism
815:Spiritual
790:Hinduism
785:Brahmoism
671:Christian
222:Inclusion
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5677:Category
5594:Journals
5574:Eugenics
5554:Bodymind
5361:Students
5308:Services
5077:Wikinews
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4990:language
4970:engineer
4965:elements
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4485:thinking
4475:strategy
4460:research
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4378:Empathic
4309:Systemic
4269:Rational
4224:New Wave
4038:Critical
3261:Designer
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3066:29110728
2691:18 March
2531:18 March
2317:18 March
2287:18 March
2133:June 16,
2068:Mualla.
2001:See also
1331:disabled
1268:Wellness
1256:Body Fit
1156:networks
960:adaptive
847:Category
569:a series
567:Part of
187:Physical
5329:Support
5063:Commons
5035:studies
4980:history
4948:student
4933:classic
4921:Design
4835:.design
4763:Graphex
4465:science
4455:pattern
4450:methods
4425:culture
4408:Design
4219:Modular
4072:Diffuse
3993:Closure
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3373:Signage
3256:Outline
3057:5674748
2726:ADA.gov
2503:7411507
1824:design.
1790:30 June
1765:26 July
1732:Vietnam
1708:Ireland
1606:Washlet
1580:Q-Drums
1543:IMSERSO
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1065:met in
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753:History
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679:Beliefs
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1570:Google
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3185:ISSN
3123:Gale
3115:OCLC
3062:PMID
3044:OCLC
3036:ISSN
2859:2023
2693:2018
2668:2023
2616:ISBN
2582:link
2564:OCLC
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2533:2018
2491:ISSN
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2400:2017
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1845:The
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1767:2013
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1630:U.S.
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