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also well versed in Hebrew, Arabic, and Greek, which gave him access to original medical treatises written in those languages. As a physician, Eustachius enjoyed great prestige among the upper classes, having among his patients the Duke of Urbino, the
Cardinal della Rovero, and the Duke of Terranova. He became a member of the Medical College of Rome and in 1549 was appointed Professor of Anatomy at the Papal College, the Archiginnasio dell
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347:, named after the author. The seven subsequent plates offer different views of the viscera of the chest and abdomen. The seventeenth contains the brain and spinal cord; and the eighteenth more accurate views of the origin, course, and distribution of the nerves than had been given before. Fourteen plates are devoted to the muscles.
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During 1562 and 1563 Bartolomeo
Eustachio (writing under the Latin surname Eustacius) wrote a remarkable series of scientific works on the anatomy of the kidney, the hearing apparatus, the teeth and their structure, and the circulatory system, including the lower vena cava and its valves (now known
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Bartolomeo was born in San
Severino in the province of Ancona, where his father, Marinao Eustachius, was a wealthy and prominent physician. Bartolomeo received the required broad humanistic education typical of that time, and then studied medicine at the Archiginnasio della Sapienza in Rome. He was
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theories current among other physicians. His anatomical investigations into the vena caval
Eustachian valve, led him to conclude that its function was to avoid reflux of blood. He also discovered the thoracic canal. Trying to understand how diseases affected body structures, Eustachius made
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Eustachius did not confine his researches to the study of comparative anatomy. He attempted to derive the physiology of organs on the basis of their anatomy. He did not restrict himself to gross anatomy: what was too minute for unassisted vision he inspected by means of glasses (early
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in 1790, the engravings show that
Eustachius had dissected with the greatest care and diligence, and had taken the utmost pains to give accurate views of the shape, size, and relative position of the organs of the human body.
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comparative anatomical analysis of healthy and disease-altered organs (pathological anatomy). Working with Pier Matteo Pini, he produced a series of 47 detailed drawings of the studied organs. This series of illustrations,
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The first seven plates illustrate the history of the kidneys and some of the facts relating to the structure of the ear. The eighth represents the heart, the ramifications of the
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Eustachius was deeply interested in understanding the anatomical structures of the human body through direct observation, instead of accepting the many
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292:. He was the first to study accurately the anatomy of the teeth, and the phenomena of the first and second dentitions. Eustachius also discovered the
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530:. Selected pages scanned from the original work. Historical Anatomies on the Web. US National Library of Medicine.
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as the
Eustachian valve). These works were organized and published (illustrated with eight plates) as
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that bears his name. He was the first to describe the internal and anterior muscles of the
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Eustachi, Bartholomeo. Tabulae anatomicae. (Romae: Ex
Typographia Pauli Junchi, 1783).
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Trans. and annotated by
Mortimer Frank. (New York: Hafner, 1962). pp. 200–204.
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506:(Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1960- ). Vol. 43, pp. 531–536.
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Eustachius died in Umbria in 1574, during a trip to meet
Cardinal della Rovere.
296:(reported in 1563). His greatest work, which he was unable to publish, was his
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462:"Bartolomeo Eustachi: Anatomical Cartographer | the Physician's Palette"
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410:, Editore Francesco Vallardi, Milan, (1913), entry by A Albertini, page 294.
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For the legendary
Christian martyr known as Eustachius or Eustace, see
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He was known as a supporter of the 2nd century AD Roman anatomist
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From The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Digital Library
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Newsletter of the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine
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Roberts, K. B. "Eustachius and his anatomical plates."
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378:Bartolomeo,Eustachi (1564), "Opuscula Anatomica"
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230:and one of the founders of the science of
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309:De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem
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540:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
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429:Historical Anatomies on the Web,
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306:had published his magnum opus,
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435:National Institutes of Health
387:– digital facsimile from the
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381:Bartolomeo Eustachi (1728),
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542:"Bartolomeo Eustachius"
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30:Bartolomeo Eustachio
164:Bartolomeo Eustachi
589:History of anatomy
574:Italian anatomists
557:Tabulae anatomicae
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389:Linda Hall Library
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319:at the expense of
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312:in Basel.
223:), was an
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345:vena cava
286:stapedius
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238:Biography
228:anatomist
175:Eustachio
364:Vesalius
304:Vesalius
284:and the
260:a priori
245:Sapienza
181:name of
290:cochlea
282:malleus
225:Italian
120:Anatomy
81:Italian
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493:Vol. 1
116:Fields
395:Notes
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360:Galen
179:Latin
333:Bonn
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