400:, stating that the government cannot change this Basic Law, and thus cannot weaken the rights it protects, by the emergency regulations it can enact. As written: "This Basic Law cannot be varied, suspended or made subject to conditions by emergency regulations;". However, when a State of Emergency is in place, regulations can be enacted that restrict these rights: "notwithstanding, when a state of emergency exists, by virtue of a declaration under section 9 of the Law and Administration Ordinance, 5708-1948, emergency regulations may be enacted by virtue of said section to deny or restrict rights under this Basic Law, provided the denial or restriction shall be for a proper purpose and for a period and extent no greater than is required." Thus, the protection from Emergency Regulations is up to the government and Supreme Court's judgement.
29:
197:
753:
836:
71:
179:, Shortly after it was introduced into Israeli constitutional documents, it became prevalent in human rights discourse, as well as in freedom of speech cases. Prior to the enactment of the Basic Law, there was little statutory protection of human rights in Israel. These matters were resolved through the development of
285:
There shall be no restriction of rights under this Basic Law held by persons serving in the Israel
Defence Forces, the Israel Police, the Prisons Service, and other security organizations of the State, nor shall such rights be subject to conditions, except by virtue of a law, or by regulation enacted
310:
This Basic Law cannot be varied, suspended, or made subject to conditions by emergency regulations; notwithstanding, when a state of emergency exists, by virtue of a declaration under section 9 of the Law and
Administration Ordinance, 5708-1948, emergency regulations may be enacted by virtue of said
187:
cases. The
Supreme Court in this period, between Israel's founding in 1948 until the Basic Law was enacted in 1992, could not invalidate statutes that disproportionately violated human rights. The judgements of the Supreme Court from this period, "establish the foundation that human rights are part
412:
claimed that the Basic Law: Human
Dignity and Liberty "does not contain a general provision for equality and non-discrimination". It called on Israel to "amend its Basic Laws and other legislation to include the principle of non-discrimination and ensure that allegations of discrimination brought
369:"), and others. These rights were given to the residents of Israel by general legal principles and Supreme Court rulings which existed before this Basic Law. Although these rights were not included in this law, some jurists, such as former Chief Justice of The Supreme Court of Israel
421:
has interpreted The Basic Law: Human
Dignity and Liberty as comprising the principle of equality, this fundamental right is currently protected by judicial interpretation alone, leaving the Palestinian minority in Israel vulnerable to legal discrimination.
328:
1. Fundamental human rights in Israel are founded upon recognition of the value of the human being, the sanctity of human life, and the principle that all persons are free; these rights shall be upheld in the spirit of the principles set forth in the
384:
Section 8 of this law asserts that "There shall be no violation of rights under this Basic Law except by a law befitting the values of the State of Israel, enacted for a proper purpose, and to an extent no greater than is required,
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There shall be no violation of rights under this Basic Law, except by a law befitting the values of the State of Israel, enacted for a proper purpose, and to an extent no greater than is required.
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805:
311:
section to deny or restrict rights under this Basic Law, provided the denial or restriction shall be for a proper purpose and for a period and extent no greater than is required.
570:
785:
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added in a 1994 amendment to the law). This clause became known as "limiting paragraph", as it limits and restricts the
Knesset in legislating laws contradicting this law.
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The purpose of this Basic Law is to protect human dignity and liberty, in order to establish in a Basic Law the values of the State of Israel as a
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36:
517:
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409:
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Due to these rights' great importance, the
Knesset chose to give this law a super-legal status, protected by several means.
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There shall be no deprivation or restriction of the liberty of a person by imprisonment, arrest, extradition, or otherwise.
366:
731:
172:
176:
651:
Concluding
Observations of the Human Rights CommitteeโIsrael, CCPR/C/ISR/CO/3, 29 July 2010, para. 2, available at:
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This Basic Law shall not affect the validity of any law (din) in force prior to the commencement of the Basic Law.
269:(d) There shall be no violation of the confidentiality of conversation, or of the writings or records of a person.
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860:
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by virtue of a law, and to an extent no greater than is required by the nature and character of the service.
267:(c) No search shall be conducted on the private premises of a person, nor in the body or personal effects.
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before its domestic courts are promptly addressed and implemented." The
Israeli human rights organization
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the authority to disqualify any law contradicting it, as well as protection from
Emergency Regulations.
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265:(b) There shall be no entry into the private premises of a person who has not consented thereto.
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8:
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319:(1) Section 1 shall be designated 1(a) and shall be preceded by the following section:
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However, several cardinal human rights are missing from this document, such as the
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All governmental authorities are bound to respect the rights under this Basic Law.
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There shall be no violation of the life, body, or dignity of any person as such.
148:
136:
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849:
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341:"or by regulation enacted by virtue of express authorization in such law."
255:(b) Every Israel national has the right of entry into Israel from abroad.
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All persons are entitled to protection of their life, body, and dignity.
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or by regulation enacted by virtue of express authorization in such law.
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180:
47:
665:"Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah"
373:, see these rights are directly derived from the "right to dignity".
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175:. The law was enacted on March 17, 1992, in the final days of the
694:"THE CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF HUMAN DIGNITY IN GERMANY AND ISRAEL"
653:
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/CCPR.C.ISR.CO.3.doc
571:"DIGNITY VERSUS LIBERTY: THE TWO WESTERN CULTURES OF FREE SPEECH"
86:
752:
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216:
280:
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Some Supreme Court judges see the enactment of this law and
518:"Israel's Supreme Court & the Power of Judicial Review"
337:(2) At the end of section 8, the following shall be added:
263:(a) All persons have the right to privacy and to intimacy.
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In the Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Justice
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There shall be no violation of the property of a person.
691:
331:
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
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636:Before: Barak J., D. Levin J., and Netanyahu J."
365:as "belonging to the freedoms that characterize
826:Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People
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217:2 โ Preservation of life, body, and dignity
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155:. It enjoys super-legal status, giving the
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253:(a) All persons are free to leave Israel.
533:Basic laws functioning as a constitution.
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281:9 โ Reservation regarding security forces
546:. Human rights in Israel. Archived from
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233:4 โ Protection of life, body and dignity
195:
481:
240:
141:ืืึนืง ืึฐืกืึนื: ืึฐึผืืึนื ืึธืึธืึธื ืึฐืึตืจืึผืชืึน
848:
494:"Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty"
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692:Ariel L. Bendor & Michael Sachs.
410:United Nations Human Rights Committee
118:Declares basic human rights in Israel
16:De facto constitutional law of Israel
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396:Section 12 defends the law from the
133:Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
22:Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
576:. Boston University. Archived from
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297:
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13:
629:SOUTHERN DISTRICT POLICE COMMANDER
440:"The Existing Basic Laws: Summary"
14:
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876:National human rights instruments
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173:Israeli Constitutional Revolution
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465:"Q&A on the Override Clause"
200:Text of law in Hebrew and Arabic
169:Basic Law: Freedom of Occupation
69:
27:
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377:Guarantee of super-legal status
363:recognized by the Supreme Court
249:6 โ Leaving and entering Israel
153:the country's main human rights
702:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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417:has elaborated that while the
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367:Israel as a democratic state
56:ืืืง ืืกืื: ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืชื
7:
211:Jewish and democratic state
10:
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225:3 โ Protection of property
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811:Human Dignity and Liberty
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625:ALAN LEVI AND YAHELI AMIT
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891:12th Knesset (1988โ1992)
522:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org
192:Content of the Basic Law
602:Barak, Aharon. "2006".
273:8 โ Violation of rights
171:as the impetus for the
861:Human rights in Israel
634:[May 13, 1984]
620:Page 1, Section A (1)
315:Amendment of section 1
201:
816:Freedom of Occupation
806:The State Comptroller
419:Israeli Supreme Court
398:Emergency Regulations
290:10 โ Validity of laws
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151:, enacted to protect
871:Basic Laws of Israel
856:Government of Israel
748:Basic Laws of Israel
241:5 โ Personal liberty
107:Basic Laws of Israel
550:on 16 December 2013
361:(the last two are
347:Freedom of Religion
101:Related legislation
866:Politics of Israel
355:Freedom of Protest
351:Right for Equality
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65:Territorial extent
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786:The State Economy
604:Israel Law Review
583:on 16 August 2010
359:Freedom of Speech
188:of Israeli law".
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771:Israel Lands
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578:the original
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177:12th Knesset
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37:12th Knesset
886:1992 in law
766:The Knesset
259:7 โ Privacy
205:1 โ Purpose
850:Categories
821:Referendum
674:2024-01-12
474:2018-08-22
426:References
181:common law
48:Long title
708:3 January
587:3 January
554:3 January
499:3 January
449:3 January
404:Criticism
145:Basic Law
444:Knesset
391:italics
163:History
147:in the
143:) is a
126:Amended
124:Status:
113:Summary
93:Enacted
87:Knesset
415:Adalah
137:Hebrew
77:Israel
74:
697:(PDF)
639:(PDF)
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581:(PDF)
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527:7 May
710:2014
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556:2014
529:2017
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
