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When a basidiospore matures, sugars present in the cell wall begin to serve as condensation loci for water vapour in the air. Two separate regions of condensation are critical. At the pointed tip of the spore (the hilum) closest to the supporting basidium, Buller's drop builds up as a large, almost
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At the same time, condensation occurs in a thin film on the stalk-facing part of the spore. When these two bodies of water combine, the release of surface tension and the sudden change in the center of gravity suddenly expels the basidiospore. Remarkably, the initial acceleration of the spore is
202:-shaped: narrow at the stem and wide near its outer end. It is widest in the middle hemispherical dome at its apex, and its base is about half the size of the widest diameter at the highest point. Basidia with a short and narrow base are shaped like an inverted egg, and occur in genera such as
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In these cases the basidiospore typically lacks a hilar appendage, and expulsion by force does not occur. Each example is thought to represent an independent evolutionary loss of the forcible discharge that comes before all basidiomycetes.
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Some basidiomycetes do not have a means to forcibly expel their basidiospores, although they still form them. In each of these groups, spore dispersal occurs through other means of expulsion.
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literally means "little pedestal". This is the way the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure looks more like a
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also have phragmobasidia with four cells that are separated by walls and are shaped like a cross. Sometimes the basidium develops from a
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regions on the basidiospore surface. Basidiospore discharge can only succeed after sufficient water vapor has condensed on the spore.
132:. Occasionally the number may be two or even eight. Each reproductive spore is produced at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a
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fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies also called tertiary
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have phragmobasidia with four cells that are separated by walls along their cross section. Some jelly fungi in the order
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445:
Pringle, A.; Patek, S.N.; Fischer, M.; Stolze, J.; Money, N.P. (2005). "The captured launch of a ballistospore".
244:) of each basidiospore; the offset attachment of the spore to the extending narrow prong, and the presence of
128:, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called
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Diagram showing a basidiomycete mushroom, gill structure, and spore-bearing basidia on the gill margins.
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232:, the basidiospores are forcibly expelled. The propulsive force is derived from a sudden change in the
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Ingold, C.T. (1991). "A view of the active basidium in heterobasidiomycetes".
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of the discharged spore. Important factors in forcible discharge include
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307:(earth balls and kin) are dispersed when the basidiocarps are disturbed.
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140: sterigmata), and is forcefully expelled at full growth.
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220:. Basidia with a wide base are often shaped like a barrel.
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by John
Webster. Mycological Society of America Lab Manual
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19:
For the fictional moon in novels by
Eleanor Cameron, see
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APSnet
Illustrated Glossary of Plant Pathology: Basidum
363:'s than the Space Shuttle: Ballistospore discharge".
240:, a drop of fluid that builds up at the nearer tip (
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by Heino Lepp, Australian
National Botanic Gardens.
338:"A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales"
223:
864:
391:Ingold, C.T. (1998). "Ballistosporic basidia".
314:(bird's nest fungi) use a splash cup mechanism.
491:AmericanMushrooms.com: How do fungi reproduce?
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151:. A partially grown basidium is known as a
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518:"Using a Microscope: Basidia and Cystidia"
512:Spore discharge and dispersal in mushrooms
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171:), but some have ones with many cells (a
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76:Learn how and when to remove this message
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191:, which is not elongated like a typical
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39:This article includes a list of general
273:Evolutionary loss of expulsion by force
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507:IMA Mycological Glossary: Basidum
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284:Members of the order Phallales (
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459:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832777
377:10.1080/00275514.1998.12026942
224:How basidiospores are expelled
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878:Fungal morphology and anatomy
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405:10.1016/S0269-915X(98)80040-2
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167:have single celled basidia (
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359:Money, N.P. (1998). "More
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808:List of mycology journals
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252:spherical water droplet.
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60:more precise citations.
295:The dry spores of the
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798:List of fungal orders
290:vectors for dispersal
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793:Glossary of mycology
420:Mycological Research
803:List of mycologists
336:Donk, M.A. (1963).
118:reproductive bodies
108:) is a microscopic
575:Outline of lichens
522:MushroomExpert.com
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594:Lichenology
246:hygroscopic
189:probasidium
185:Tremellales
169:holobasidia
114:hymenophore
58:introducing
867:Categories
727:Haustorium
686:Sporangium
673:Teliospore
323:References
286:stinkhorns
217:Tulasnella
181:Puccinales
177:rust fungi
66:March 2013
41:references
742:Sporocarp
737:Cell wall
656:Ascospore
651:Zygospore
628:Structure
475:218586848
447:Mycologia
365:Mycologia
348:(3): 214.
342:Persoonia
301:puffballs
211:Oliveonia
159:Structure
153:basidiole
143:The word
827:Category
777:Mushroom
732:Mycelium
691:Conidium
669:Basidium
609:Mycology
467:16457355
228:In most
145:basidium
134:sterigma
98:basidium
839:Commons
614:Mycosis
126:mycelia
106:basidia
54:improve
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637:spore
471:S2CID
193:hypha
163:Most
110:spore
786:List
767:Mold
463:PMID
200:club
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