942:
894:
886:
692:
1132:
873:
517:
574:, Basil felt that his position was being undermined. Michael threatened to invest Basiliskianos with the Imperial title and this induced Basil to pre-empt events by organizing the assassination of Michael on the night of 24 September 867. Michael and Basiliskianos were insensibly drunk following a banquet at the palace of Anthimos when Basil, with a small group of companions (including his father Bardas, brother Marinos, and cousin Ayleon), gained entry. The locks to the chamber doors had been tampered with and the chamberlain had not posted guards; both victims were then put to the
909:, on occasion physically beating him; he probably suspected Leo of being the son of Michael III. In his later years, Basil's relationship with Leo was clouded by the suspicion that the latter might wish to avenge the murder of Michael III. Leo was eventually imprisoned by Basil after Theodore Santabarenos informed him of a plot against him, but the imprisonment resulted in public rioting; Basil threatened to blind Leo but was dissuaded by Patriarch Photios. Leo was eventually released after the passage of three years. Basil died on 29 August 886, from a
770:
563:
374:
459:
47:
439:. Claims have therefore been made for an Armenian, Slavic, or indeed "Armeno-Slavonic" origin for Basil's father. The name of his mother points to a Greek origin on the maternal side. The general scholarly consensus is that Basil's father was "probably" of Armenian origin, and settled in Byzantine Thrace. It's worth noting that his close associates and friends were mostly Armenians and, besides
604:
555:, Basil's successor and reputed son, was really the son of Michael. Although Basil seems to have shared this belief (and hated Leo), the subsequent promotion of Basil to caesar and then co-emperor provided the child with a legitimate and Imperial parent and secured his succession to the Byzantine throne. When Leo was born, Michael III celebrated the event with public
949:
Some modern controversy and historical ambiguity surrounds Basil I's personal life, especially given a lack of contemporaneous sources. One question that has emerged in modern scholarship is whether or not Basil was involved in same-sex relationships and if such relationships played a role in his
669:
Basil I became an effective and respected monarch despite being a man with no formal education and little military or administrative experience. Moreover, he had been the boon companion of a debauched monarch and had achieved power through a series of calculated murders. That there was little
543:, Basil convinced Michael III that his uncle Bardas coveted the Byzantine throne, and subsequently murdered Bardas with Michael's approval on 21 April 866. Basil then became the leading personality at court and was invested in the now vacant dignity of
925:, but he suspected the attendant of trying to assassinate him and had the man executed shortly before he himself died. One of the first acts of Leo VI as ruling emperor was to rebury, with great ceremony, the remains of Michael III in the Imperial
316:
he married on his emperor's orders. In 866, Michael proclaimed him co-emperor. Fearing a loss of influence, Basil orchestrated
Michael's assassination the next year and installed himself as sole ruler of the empire. He was the first ruler of the
1105:(1998), features Basil I's rise to power, by way of his interactions and later his manipulations of Michael III, as an example of a "transgression of the law" for Law #2, "Never put too much trust in friends, learn how to use enemies".
538:
as a mistress. Basil had an affair with her until 870, when he discovered that she was being unfaithful to him and, for this reason, he sent her back to the convent she had been immured in previously. During an expedition against the
941:
1189:
The name of the father of Basil is unrecorded; however, Byzantine naming conventions are sometimes used to predict that of a relative. The names of Basil's male siblings and other relatives are recorded from later in his
678:
had alienated the
Byzantine populace in general. Once in power Basil soon showed that he intended to rule effectively and as early as his coronation he displayed an overt religiosity by formally dedicating his crown to
503:, a wealthy woman who took him into her household and endowed him with a fortune. He also earned the notice of Michael III by his abilities as a horse tamer and in winning a victory over a Bulgarian champion in a
370:). The name of his father was Bardas, the name of his grandfather was Maïktes. His mother was named Pankalo (Παγκαλώ), and her father was called Leo. His ethnic origin is unknown and has been a subject of debate.
455:, concluded that it is impossible to be certain what the ethnic origins of the emperor were, though Basil was definitely reliant on the support of Armenians in prominent positions within the Byzantine Empire.
954:
to describe Basil's relationship with
Michael, a word which had historically been used in some Greek Christian sources to describe the desire between a wife and a husband. However, within the law code, the
962:
Aspects of the family relationships of Basil I are likewise uncertain and open to a variety of interpretations. Therefore, the information given below should not be treated as comprehensive or definite:
513:). Symeon Magister describes Basil as "... most outstanding in bodily form and heavy set; his eyebrows grew together, he had large eyes and a broad chest, and a rather downcast expression".
324:
Despite his humble origins, Basil was an effective and respected monarch. He initiated a complete overhaul of
Byzantine law, an effort continued by his successor that ultimately became the
1218:
4152:
385:
During Basil's reign, an elaborate genealogy was produced that purported that his ancestors were not mere peasants, as everyone believed, but descendants of the
338:
against the Arabs, which led to a new period of
Byzantine domination in Italy. Upon his death in a hunting accident in 886, he was succeeded by his son
826:
2328:
959:, inaugurated by Basil I, the illegal nature of male homosexuality and its, largely theoretical, capital punishment were retained in full.
551:
on 26 May 866. This promotion may have included Basil's adoption by
Michael III, himself a much younger man. It was commonly believed that
2148:
2388:
Basil I, Founder of the
Macedonian Dynasty: A Study of the Political and Military History of the Byzantine Empire in the Ninth Century
2768:
861:
opened a new period of
Byzantine domination there. Above all, the Byzantines were beginning to establish a strong presence in the
4137:
3293:
1199:
A man named John of
Chaldia killed Michael III, cutting off both the Emperor's hands before returning to stab him in the heart.
1065:, a historian noted for his speculative fiction based on alternative history, has written several series set in a place called
933:
in
Constantinople. This did much to confirm in public opinion the view that Leo considered himself to have been Michael's son.
746:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4087:
3955:
2396:
2375:
2288:
2210:
1493:
1466:
1015:
974:
802:
750:
4120:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
950:
unlikely rise to power. Historian Shaun Fitzroy Tougher cites a history written by George the Monk that uses the Greek word
4147:
3300:
754:
901:
Basil's spirits declined in 879, when his eldest and favourite son, Constantine, died. Basil now raised his youngest son,
3923:
1170:
548:
82:
2024:
Recent years have seen the first translations into English of a number of primary sources about Basil I and his times.
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1308:
984:
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2313:
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2175:
1998:
1938:
1873:
1366:
480:(r. 803–814) in 813. Basil lived there until 836, when he and several others escaped to Byzantine-held territory in
4167:
1850:
Morris, S. (2011) "The Gay Male as Byzantine Monster: Civil Legislation and Punishment for Same-Sex Behaviour" in,
1581:
1565:
674:
because of his disinterest in the administrative duties of the Imperial office. Also, Michael's public displays of
1180:, first gives Michael's death as 24 September, but then inexplicably changes it to 23 September later in the book.
3889:
3872:
3699:
3687:
1098:
921:, and he was allegedly dragged 16 miles through the woods. He was saved by an attendant who cut him loose with a
829:
from the Arabs in 871. The city eventually became Byzantine territory in 876. However, the Byzantine position on
774:
535:
1828:
Desire and Denial in Byzantium: Papers from the 31st Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Brighton, March 1997
1797:
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3541:
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2421:
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2279:
1164:
Some modern authorities give 23 September, but this is a mistake. The origin of the confusion can be traced to
390:
350:
Basil was born to peasant parents in late 811 (or sometime in the 830s in the estimation of some scholars) at
4075:
3901:
3728:
3694:
3658:
3547:
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1021:
902:
215:
125:
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Vogt, Albert; Hausherr, Isidorous, eds. (1932). "Oraison funèbre de Basile I par son fils Léon VI le Sage".
1961:
885:
670:
political reaction to the murder of Michael III is probably due to his unpopularity with the bureaucrats of
334:, whom he subjugated in 872. He also pursued an active policy in the west, allying with Carolingian emperor
4197:
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2652:
992:
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893:
818:
211:
115:
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846:
691:
637:
223:
2163:
Vision and Meaning in Ninth-Century Byzantium: Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus
534:, Michael's favourite mistress, in around 865. Around the same time, Michael III offered him his sister
4212:
4107:
4063:
4041:
3992:
3879:
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2506:
A History of the Eastern Roman Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil I (A.D. 802–867)
2167:
1145:
1113:
386:
301:
37:
2060:
Chronographiae quae Theophanis Continuati nomine fertur Liber quo Vita Basilii Imperatoris amplectitur
4202:
4014:
3982:
3807:
2987:
2746:
1559:
872:
817:(r. 641–668) to pursue an active policy to restore the Empire's power in the West. Basil allied with
683:. He maintained a reputation for conventional piety and orthodoxy throughout his 19 year-long reign.
578:. On Michael III's death, Basil, as an already acclaimed co-emperor, automatically became the ruling
261:
4024:
3977:
3524:
3171:
1555:
1095:(1996), uses the succession of Basil I as seed for the conspiracy which occupies most of the novel.
516:
431:, but can also be interpreted as a generic term encompassing the inhabitants of the region between
410:
20:
1591:
1575:
4207:
4177:
4172:
3832:
3812:
3586:
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2754:
2685:
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1137:
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in 869. The marital contract was broken in 871 when relations between Basil and Louis broke down.
1228:
841:
in 878. This was ultimately Basil's fault as he had diverted a relief fleet from Sicily to haul
4102:
4081:
3987:
2777:
2063:
2033:
1540:
1512:
1318:
1287:
1176:
473:
436:
2435:
1757:
1544:
1516:
1232:
703:
Because of the great legislative work which Basil I undertook, he is often called the "second
4036:
4031:
4007:
4002:
3918:
3755:
3743:
3514:
3139:
2510:
2274:
1914:
988:
813:, led to the definite subjection of their state. Basil was the first Byzantine emperor since
806:
559:, whilst he pointedly instructed Basil not to presume on his new position as junior emperor.
484:. Basil was ultimately lucky enough to enter the service of Theophilitzes, a relative of the
398:
288:
2055:), Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies; Byzantina Australiensia 11, 1998.
1358:
Historia tou Hellēnikou kosmou kai tou meizonos chōrou : Eurōpē, Asia, Aphrikē, Amerikē
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8:
4162:
4157:
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3935:
3913:
3848:
3837:
3792:
3738:
3228:
3166:
3129:
2543:
1918:
1117:
696:
394:
378:
2504:
2138:
462:
Basil victorious in a wrestling match against a Bulgarian champion (far left), from the
3997:
3940:
3884:
3866:
3855:
3817:
3787:
3665:
3383:
3287:
3037:
3006:
2999:
2607:
2531:
2459:
2237:
2233:
2121:
2113:
2037:
1109:
727:. Ironically, this codification of laws seems to have begun under the direction of the
648:
318:
235:
1483:
897:
Basil I and his son Leo. Leo is discovered carrying a knife in the emperor's presence.
3962:
3908:
3749:
3647:
3622:
3471:
3333:
3069:
3054:
2932:
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2535:
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2441:
2417:
2392:
2371:
2349:
2309:
2299:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2206:
2171:
2125:
2004:
1994:
1934:
1869:
1831:
1489:
1462:
1372:
1362:
1012:, who succeeded as Byzantine emperor and may actually have been a son of Michael III.
862:
858:
838:
622:
504:
444:
414:
359:
335:
305:
198:
146:
65:
1018:, Patriarch of Constantinople, who may also actually have been a son of Michael III.
4092:
4069:
3972:
3945:
3930:
3896:
3822:
3782:
3772:
3497:
3424:
3394:
3257:
3212:
3207:
3079:
2523:
2431:
2413:
2365:
2105:
1062:
781:
Emperor Basil's reign was marked by the troublesome ongoing war with the heretical
731:
Bardas who was murdered by Basil. Basil personally oversaw the construction of the
641:
531:
522:
507:
match; he soon became the Byzantine Emperor's companion, confidant, and bodyguard (
477:
464:
452:
406:
355:
313:
188:
172:
150:
2518:
Mango, Cyril (1973). "Eudocia Ingerina, the Normans, and the Macedonian Dynasty".
2189:
308:, he rose to prominence in the imperial court after gaining the favour of Emperor
3733:
3723:
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3419:
3327:
3315:
3309:
3161:
2982:
2952:
2895:
2875:
2737:
2670:
2657:
2407:
2386:
2250:
2200:
2157:
2052:
1854:, Yoder, P.L. and Kreuter, P.M. (eds.), Brill, Leiden, ISBN 9781904710158, p. 125
1748:
1088:
1044:
1037:
Maria Porphyrogenita, a mother of nuns at the convent of St. Euphemia in Petrion.
1009:
914:
906:
876:
The army under Nikephoros Phokas the Elder captures the city of Amantia in Italy.
834:
658:
552:
339:
219:
120:
105:
1461:. Internet Archive. Waterford, CT : Yorkin Publications. pp. 344–345.
1456:
3627:
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3250:
3244:
3176:
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2910:
2870:
2692:
2527:
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2081:
1966:
1926:
1922:
1028:
830:
769:
758:
671:
562:
509:
485:
440:
432:
277:
2073:, Liverpool University Press; Translated Texts for Byzantinists, vol. 7, 2019.
1823:
373:
4131:
4097:
4057:
3601:
3409:
3217:
2353:
2185:
2143:
1753:
724:
571:
556:
402:
52:
2008:
1376:
566:
The murder of Michael III and the proclamation of Basil I as the new emperor
476:, where his family had, allegedly, been carried off as captives of the Khan
472:
One story asserts that he had spent a part of his childhood in captivity in
3842:
3637:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3377:
3239:
2880:
2725:
1049:
866:
822:
733:
680:
331:
330:. On the foreign front, he achieved military success against the heretical
821:(r. 850–875) against the Arabs and sent a fleet of 139 ships to clear the
458:
3706:
3581:
3531:
3456:
3030:
2977:
2920:
2715:
2636:
2579:
2548:"On the Baptism of the Serbs and Croats in the Time of Basil I (867–886)"
2361:
2041:
1356:
983:(c. 860 – 3 September 879), crowned emperor in January 868. According to
814:
810:
738:
704:
492:
351:
309:
142:
95:
2594:
2241:
2221:
2152:. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 467.
46:
3762:
3677:
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3607:
3519:
3434:
3194:
3187:
3134:
3114:
3059:
3024:
3017:
2962:
2927:
2790:
2500:
2487:(77). Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum: 39–78.
2333:
2222:"Physical Descriptions of the Emperors in Byzantine Historical Writing"
2117:
2097:
2069:
Wahlgren, Staffan (translator, writer of introduction and commentary).
1165:
1034:
Helena Porphyrogenita, a nun at the convent of St. Euphemia in Petrion.
996:
782:
530:
On Emperor Michael's orders, Basil divorced his wife Maria and married
2776:
2028:
Featherstone, Jeffrey Michael and Signes-Codoñer, Juan (translators).
786:
3509:
3461:
3371:
3358:
3145:
3074:
3047:
3042:
3011:
2957:
2905:
2840:
2835:
2367:
The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312–1453: Sources and Documents
2133:
926:
790:
723:
remained the law of the Byzantine Empire down to its conquest by the
715:
448:
418:
293:
2308:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2180–2181.
2161:
2109:
1882:
845:
for a church instead. Although most of Sicily was lost, the general
713:, consisting of sixty books, and smaller legal manuals known as the
3777:
3559:
3451:
3404:
3364:
3346:
3266:
3201:
3181:
3151:
3124:
3119:
3104:
3094:
3064:
2972:
2967:
2915:
2890:
2885:
2850:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2194:. Edinburgh, Scotland; London, England: William Blackwood and Sons.
2098:"The Strength of Empire and Capital as Seen through Byzantine Eyes"
1066:
854:
709:
580:
500:
495:), as a groom. While serving Theophilitzes, he visited the city of
326:
2030:
Chronographiae quae Theophanis Continuati nomine fertur Libri I-IV
967:
By his first wife Maria, Basil I had several children, including:
603:
3414:
3321:
3234:
3089:
2865:
850:
798:
675:
423:
230:
2326:; Ludwig, Claudia; Zielke, Beate; Pratsch, Thomas, eds. (2013).
2205:. Malden, Massachusetts; West Sussex, England: Wiley-Blackwell.
3483:
3340:
3222:
2994:
2860:
2298:
Kazhdan, Alexander; Cutler, Anthony (1991). "Vita Basilii". In
2137:
1993:. Elffers, Joost. (1st ed.). New York: Viking. p. 9.
842:
794:
719:. Leo VI was responsible for completing these legal works. The
631:
496:
488:
481:
367:
363:
1931:
The Best Military Science Fiction of the 20th Century: Stories
741:. His ecclesiastical policy was marked by good relations with
3084:
2855:
2845:
2825:
1488:. Internet Archive. London : Phoenix. pp. 228–229.
922:
910:
575:
540:
428:
281:
1868:. Vol. I. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. p. 182.
793:, who rebelled, allied with the Arabs, and raided as far as
2830:
2820:
1085:(1994) – are fictionalized retellings of the rise of Basil.
918:
742:
2066:
comprising the Life of Basil I), Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.
1824:"Michael III and Basil the Macedonian: just good friends?"
889:
Santabarenos the Monk advises Prince Leo to carry a knife.
2464:. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
1894:
1458:
Women in world history : a biographical encyclopedia
1006:
By Eudokia Ingerina, Basil I had the following children:
447:
as well. Norman Tobias, the author of the only dedicated
362:(an administrative division corresponding to the area of
1694:
1361:(1. ekd ed.). Athēna: Gutenberg. pp. 580–581.
905:, to the rank of co-emperor. Basil disliked the bookish
2344:(1987). "Observations on the Nea Ekklesia of Basil I".
1682:
1436:
1324:
1298:
1296:
809:
the Paulicians in 872, and the death of their leader,
1597:
1395:
913:
contracted after a serious hunting accident when his
570:
When Michael III started to favour another courtier,
342:, also rumoured to have been the son of Michael III.
2191:
History of the Byzantine Empire from DCCXVI to MLVII
1852:
The Horrid Looking Glass: Reflections on Monstrosity
1670:
1383:
1336:
1127:
1069:, which is a thinly disguised Byzantine Empire. The
1485:
Women in purple : rulers of medieval Byzantium
1414:
1412:
1410:
1293:
1245:
1243:
1241:
427:, an ethnogeographic term that usually denoted the
2409:The Reign of Leo VI (886–912): Politics and People
1260:
1258:
1031:, a nun at the convent of St. Euphemia in Petrion.
520:The coronation of Basil I as co-emperor, from the
409:record that he hailed from the village of Thil in
2255:. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press.
2084:, active 1081), Cambridge University Press, 2010.
1619:, Catholic University of America, pp. 76–77.
1617:Kinship and social mobility in Byzantium, 717–959
4129:
1407:
1238:
1988:
1255:
2269:
2252:Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610–1071
1933:. Random House Publishing Group. p. xii.
1906:
825:of their raids. With Byzantine help, Louis II
2762:
2454:
2297:
1900:
1264:
596:Basil I the Macedonian, Emperor of the Romans
304:from 867 to 886. Born to a peasant family in
2478:
2437:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
2329:Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
1024:, who succeeded as Byzantine emperor in 912.
880:
4153:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
2440:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
2346:Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik
2769:
2755:
1912:
1047:wrote a biography of his grandfather, the
602:
345:
45:
2555:Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana
2430:
2340:
2095:
2078:A synopsis of Byzantine history, 811-1057
1771:
1700:
1688:
1640:
1527:
1454:
1330:
1249:
745:. One of his first acts was to exile the
19:For other people with the same name, see
2542:
2391:. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
2156:
1354:
1224:
940:
892:
884:
871:
768:
690:
561:
515:
457:
372:
2405:
2248:
2198:
1888:
1821:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1603:
1430:
413:. In contrast, Persian writers such as
4130:
2520:Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta
2384:
2184:
1795:
1783:
1664:
1652:
1628:
1481:
1401:
1389:
1342:
1302:
707:." Basil's laws were collected in the
2750:
2574:
2572:
2517:
2360:
2036:Books I-IV, comprising the reigns of
1863:
1676:
1507:
1505:
1108:Basil is a playable character in the
1056:
2595:Basil I – World History Encyclopedia
2499:
2219:
2132:
2088:
2044:), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015.
1587:
1571:
1442:
1418:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
773:The Sicilian stronghold of Syracuse
737:cathedral and his palatine hall the
686:
1171:History of the Eastern Roman Empire
973:Anastasia, who married the general
13:
2569:
2493:
2305:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2019:
1913:Turtledove, Harry (25 July 2006).
1502:
764:
14:
4224:
2589:
2456:Vasiliev, Alexander Alexandrovich
1962:"BYZANTIUM by Stephen R. Lawhead"
1270:
757:, whose claims were supported by
695:Basil I sends a messenger to the
421:, call both Basil and his mother
377:The little Basil at the court of
16:Byzantine emperor from 867 to 886
2322:
1314:
1283:
1130:
945:Basil I and his son Constantine.
499:, where he gained the favour of
2481:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
2461:History of the Byzantine Empire
2370:. University of Toronto Press.
2104:. 37, No. 3 July (3): 339–357.
1982:
1954:
1857:
1844:
1830:. Routledge. pp. 149–158.
1822:Tougher, Shaun Fitzroy (1999).
1815:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1609:
1549:
1533:
1521:
1475:
1448:
1424:
1348:
1193:
1183:
1158:
987:, Constantine was betrothed to
985:George Alexandrovič Ostrogorsky
917:was caught in the antlers of a
51:Underdrawing of Basil I in the
4138:9th-century Byzantine emperors
2280:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2071:The Chronicle of the Logothete
1802:www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu
1455:Greenwalt, William S. (1999).
1355:Kargakos, Sarantos I. (1999).
1:
2049:On the reigns of the emperors
1891:, pp. 7–8, 30–31, 42–50.
1866:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality
1206:
857:in 880. The successes in the
847:Nikephoros Phokas (the Elder)
56:
4193:880s in the Byzantine Empire
4188:870s in the Byzantine Empire
4183:860s in the Byzantine Empire
2562:
2199:Gregory, Timothy E. (2010).
1211:
993:Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor
640:, Constantinople modern day
300:; 811 – 29 August 886), was
294:
7:
4148:Armenian Byzantine emperors
2273:; Cutler, Anthony (1991a).
2096:Alexander, Paul J. (1962).
1123:
931:Church of the Holy Apostles
819:Holy Roman Emperor Louis II
747:Patriarch of Constantinople
638:Church of the Holy Apostles
204:
10:
4229:
4042:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3993:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3880:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2528:10.30965/9783657760374_019
2168:Cambridge University Press
1798:"Operum Omnium Conspectus"
1146:List of Byzantine emperors
1114:Paradox Development Studio
401:. The Armenian historians
282:
87:26 May 866 (as co-emperor)
18:
4118:
4050:
4015:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3983:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3808:Constantine IX Monomachos
3496:
3393:
3276:
3103:
2941:
2789:
2732:
2723:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2601:
2249:Jenkins, Romilly (1987).
2058:Ševčenko, Ihor (trans.).
1901:Kazhdan & Cutler 1991
1864:Dynes, W.R., ed. (2016).
1174:(1912). Bury, citing the
936:
881:Last years and succession
657:
647:
628:
618:
613:
601:
594:
262:Chalcedonian Christianity
257:
249:
241:
229:
197:
178:
168:
156:
136:
132:
111:
101:
91:
81:
71:
64:
44:
35:
30:
3978:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2220:Head, Constance (1980).
2076:Wortley, John (trans.).
2047:Kaldellis, A. (trans.).
1989:Greene, Robert. (1998).
1556:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1151:
1112:franchise, developed by
753:, and restore his rival
587:
21:Basil I (disambiguation)
4168:Hunting accident deaths
3833:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3467:Tiberius II Constantine
2578:May have actually been
2385:Tobias, Norman (2007).
2149:Encyclopædia Britannica
1826:. In James, Liz (ed.).
1482:Herrin, Judith (2002).
1138:Byzantine Empire portal
608:Gold solidus of Basil I
547:(Caesar), before being
443:, he might have spoken
346:From peasant to emperor
3988:Michael IX Palaiologos
2202:A History of Byzantium
2064:Theophanes Continuatus
2034:Theophanes Continuatus
1541:Theophanes Continuatus
1513:Theophanes Continuatus
1177:Theophanes Continuatus
946:
898:
890:
877:
778:
700:
567:
527:
491:(the uncle of Emperor
469:
382:
4082:Thessalonian emperors
4076:Trapezuntine emperors
4037:John VIII Palaiologos
4032:Manuel II Palaiologos
4003:John VI Kantakouzenos
3919:Andronikos I Komnenos
3756:Constantine Lekapenos
2784:and empresses regnant
2511:Macmillan and Company
2324:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
989:Ermengard of Provence
944:
896:
888:
875:
865:, and especially the
772:
694:
565:
519:
461:
399:Constantine the Great
389:(Arshakuni) kings of
376:
38:Emperor of the Romans
4020:John VII Palaiologos
3968:Theodore II Laskaris
3828:Constantine X Doukas
3768:Nikephoros II Phokas
2432:Treadgold, Warren T.
2406:Tougher, S. (1997).
1991:The 48 laws of power
1919:Martin, George R. R.
1796:Harmatolos, George.
1103:The 48 Laws of Power
849:succeeded in taking
777:to the Arabs in 878.
4198:Medieval bodyguards
3951:Theodore I Laskaris
3936:Alexios III Angelos
3914:Alexios II Komnenos
3838:Romanos IV Diogenes
3793:Romanos III Argyros
3739:Romanos I Lekapenos
1739:, pp. 196–197.
1727:, pp. 185–187.
1667:, pp. 221–226.
1655:, pp. 214–215.
1643:, pp. 453–455.
1615:Herlong, M. (1987)
1445:, pp. 231–232.
1118:Paradox Interactive
1083:Krispos the Emperor
1079:Krispos of Videssos
801:. Basil's general,
395:Alexander the Great
379:Omurtag of Bulgaria
296:Basíleios ō Makedṓn
283:Βασίλειος ὁ Μακεδών
224:Patriarch Stephen I
4143:Macedonian dynasty
4070:Britannic emperors
4064:Palmyrene emperors
3998:John V Palaiologos
3941:Alexios IV Angelos
3890:Constantine Doukas
3885:Alexios I Komnenos
3873:Constantine Doukas
3856:Michael VII Doukas
3818:Michael VI Bringas
3384:Romulus Augustulus
3007:Trebonianus Gallus
3000:Herennius Etruscus
2782:Byzantine emperors
2708:Political offices
2608:Macedonian Dynasty
2501:Bury, John Bagnell
2300:Kazhdan, Alexander
2271:Kazhdan, Alexander
2234:Peeters Publishers
2134:Bury, John Bagnell
2038:Leo V the Armenian
1631:, pp. 180–181
1265:Vasiliev 1928–1935
1057:In popular culture
947:
899:
891:
878:
833:deteriorated, and
779:
701:
568:
549:crowned co-emperor
528:
470:
383:
319:Macedonian dynasty
75:24 September 867 –
4213:Byzantine consuls
4125:
4124:
3963:John III Vatatzes
3909:Manuel I Komnenos
3648:Michael I Rangabe
3492:
3491:
3334:Petronius Maximus
2933:Severus Alexander
2901:Septimius Severus
2745:
2744:
2733:Succeeded by
2700:Succeeded by
2668:Succeeded by
2644:Byzantine emperor
2398:978-0-7734-5405-7
2377:978-0-8020-6627-5
2290:978-0-19-504652-6
2212:978-1-4051-8471-7
2089:Secondary sources
1495:978-1-84212-529-8
1468:978-0-7876-3736-1
1290:(#832/add. corr.)
1116:and published by
863:Mediterranean Sea
859:Italian peninsula
839:Emirate of Sicily
687:Domestic policies
667:
666:
663:Imperial Vestment
623:Eastern Orthodoxy
619:Venerated in
415:Hamza al-Isfahani
302:Byzantine emperor
291:
267:
266:
216:Emperor Alexander
164:(aged 74–75)
66:Byzantine emperor
4220:
4203:Royal favourites
3973:John IV Laskaris
3946:Alexios V Doukas
3931:Isaac II Angelos
3897:John II Komnenos
3823:Isaac I Komnenos
3783:Constantine VIII
3773:John I Tzimiskes
3500:Byzantine Empire
3274:
3273:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2713:Preceded by
2683:Preceded by
2634:Preceded by
2624:
2617:
2599:
2598:
2583:
2576:
2558:
2552:
2539:
2522:. 14–15: 17–27.
2514:
2488:
2475:
2451:
2427:
2414:Brill Publishers
2402:
2381:
2357:
2337:
2319:
2294:
2266:
2245:
2216:
2195:
2181:
2158:Brubaker, Leslie
2153:
2141:
2139:"Basil I."
2129:
2080:(the history of
2051:(the history of
2013:
2012:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1910:
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1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1063:Harry Turtledove
642:Istanbul, Turkey
634:
606:
592:
591:
532:Eudokia Ingerina
523:Madrid Skylitzes
465:Madrid Skylitzes
407:Stephen of Taron
299:
287:
285:
284:
208:
189:Eudokia Ingerina
173:Eudokia Ingerina
163:
151:Byzantine Empire
58:
49:
28:
27:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4114:
4058:Gallic emperors
4046:
3734:Constantine VII
3515:Constantine III
3502:
3499:
3488:
3397:
3389:
3328:Valentinian III
3316:Constantius III
3310:Priscus Attalus
3294:Constantine III
3280:
3272:
3162:Valerius Valens
3107:
3099:
2945:
2937:
2896:Didius Julianus
2876:Marcus Aurelius
2793:
2785:
2775:
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2736:
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2604:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2550:
2544:Živković, Tibor
2496:
2494:Further reading
2491:
2472:
2448:
2424:
2399:
2378:
2342:Magdalino, Paul
2316:
2291:
2283:. p. 260.
2263:
2213:
2178:
2110:10.2307/2852356
2091:
2053:Joseph Genesios
2022:
2020:Primary sources
2017:
2016:
2001:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1927:McCaffrey, Anne
1923:Dick, Philip K.
1911:
1907:
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1838:
1820:
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1770:
1766:
1749:Constantine VII
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1711:
1707:
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1198:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1099:Robert Greene's
1089:Stephen Lawhead
1071:Tale of Krispos
1059:
1045:Constantine VII
939:
883:
767:
765:Foreign affairs
689:
629:
609:
597:
590:
356:Byzantine theme
348:
222:
218:
214:
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161:
141:
124:
119:
76:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4208:Adult adoptees
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:Protostratores
4175:
4173:Parakoimomenoi
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
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4111:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
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4034:
4029:
4017:
4012:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
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3970:
3965:
3960:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3877:
3853:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Theodora (III)
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3709:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3675:
3663:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:Constantine VI
3625:
3620:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Theodosius III
3589:
3584:
3579:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3537:Constantine IV
3534:
3529:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
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3454:
3449:
3444:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:Eastern Empire
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3313:
3306:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:Western Empire
3271:
3270:
3263:
3251:Magnus Maximus
3247:
3245:Valentinian II
3242:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3177:Constantius II
3174:
3172:Constantine II
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
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3040:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2975:
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2965:
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2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2871:Antoninus Pius
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2794:27 BC – AD 235
2787:
2786:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2731:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2693:Parakoimomenos
2689:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2678:Court offices
2675:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:Regnal titles
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2625:
2605:
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2591:
2590:External links
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2211:
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2186:Finlay, George
2182:
2176:
2154:
2144:Chisholm, Hugh
2130:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:John Scylitzes
2074:
2067:
2062:(Chronicle of
2056:
2045:
2032:(Chronicle of
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:
1999:
1981:
1970:. 15 July 1996
1967:Kirkus Reviews
1953:
1939:
1915:"Introduction"
1905:
1893:
1881:
1874:
1856:
1843:
1837:978-0860787884
1836:
1814:
1788:
1786:, p. 241.
1776:
1774:, p. 461.
1772:Treadgold 1997
1764:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1715:, p. 191.
1705:
1703:, p. 349.
1701:Alexander 1962
1693:
1689:Magdalino 1987
1681:
1679:, p. 194.
1669:
1657:
1645:
1641:Treadgold 1997
1633:
1621:
1608:
1596:
1580:
1564:
1548:
1532:
1530:, p. 453.
1528:Treadgold 1997
1520:
1501:
1494:
1474:
1467:
1447:
1435:
1433:, p. 242.
1423:
1406:
1404:, p. 264.
1394:
1382:
1367:
1347:
1345:, p. 213.
1335:
1333:, p. 455.
1331:Treadgold 1997
1323:
1307:
1292:
1269:
1267:, p. 301.
1254:
1252:, p. 455.
1250:Treadgold 1997
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1205:
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1201:
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1110:Crusader Kings
1106:
1096:
1086:
1075:Krispos Rising
1058:
1055:
1053:, around 950.
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:Porphyrogenita
1025:
1019:
1013:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
991:, daughter of
978:
971:
938:
935:
882:
879:
785:, centered on
766:
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759:Pope Adrian II
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510:parakoimomenos
451:of Basil I in
433:Constantinople
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344:
274:the Macedonian
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4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4117:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3695:Theodora (II)
3693:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:Constantine V
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Anastasius II
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Theodosius II
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Valentinian I
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:Constantine I
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Constantius I
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2739:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2660:(870–86) and
2659:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2627:
2623:29 August 886
2622:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2483:(in French).
2482:
2477:
2473:
2471:0-299-80925-0
2467:
2463:
2462:
2458:(1928–1935).
2457:
2453:
2449:
2447:9780804726306
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:(37): 51–64.
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:(in German).
2331:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2315:0-19-504652-8
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2262:0-8020-6667-4
2258:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2177:9780521621533
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:0-670-88146-5
1996:
1992:
1985:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1940:9780345494290
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1875:9781317368151
1871:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1754:De Ceremoniis
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 51.
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1606:, p. 26.
1605:
1600:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1392:, p. 24.
1391:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1368:960-01-0822-6
1364:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1305:, p. 20.
1304:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Brubaker 1999
1221:
1217:
1196:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1043:Leo VI's son
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
964:
960:
958:
953:
943:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
895:
887:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:captured Bari
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:on the upper
788:
784:
776:
771:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
698:
693:
684:
682:
677:
673:
662:
660:
656:
652:
650:
646:
643:
639:
636:
633:
627:
624:
621:
617:
612:
605:
600:
593:
585:
583:
582:
577:
573:
572:Basiliskianos
564:
560:
558:
557:chariot races
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
525:
524:
518:
514:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
467:
466:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:Samuel of Ani
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
322:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
297:
290:
279:
275:
272:, nicknamed "
271:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
207:
206:
200:
196:
190:
187:
184:
183:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
160:29 August 886
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
77:29 August 886
74:
70:
67:
63:
54:
53:Paris Gregory
48:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4025:Andronikos V
4023:
4006:
3954:
3922:
3900:
3888:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3847:
3841:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3715:
3711:
3698:
3686:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3638:Nikephoros I
3613:
3612:
3606:
3573:
3570:Justinian II
3565:Tiberius III
3555:Justinian II
3546:
3540:
3523:
3475:
3447:Anastasius I
3438:
3382:
3378:Julius Nepos
3370:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3240:Theodosius I
3227:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3157:Maximinus II
3144:
3046:
3029:
3016:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2919:
2881:Lucius Verus
2726:Roman consul
2724:
2691:
2650:
2642:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2593:
2554:
2519:
2505:
2484:
2480:
2460:
2436:
2408:
2387:
2366:
2362:Mango, Cyril
2345:
2327:
2303:
2278:
2251:
2229:
2225:
2201:
2190:
2162:
2147:
2101:
2077:
2070:
2059:
2048:
2029:
2023:
1990:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1930:
1908:
1896:
1889:Tougher 1997
1884:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1827:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1744:
1737:Jenkins 1987
1732:
1725:Jenkins 1987
1720:
1713:Jenkins 1987
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1604:Tougher 1997
1599:
1583:
1567:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1484:
1477:
1457:
1450:
1438:
1431:Gregory 2010
1426:
1397:
1385:
1357:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1310:
1288:Basileios I.
1220:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1092:
1082:
1081:(1991), and
1078:
1074:
1070:
1050:Vita Basilii
1048:
1042:
961:
956:
951:
948:
900:
853:and much of
837:fell to the
823:Adriatic Sea
780:
734:Nea Ekklesia
732:
728:
720:
714:
708:
702:
668:
579:
569:
544:
529:
521:
508:
471:
463:
422:
397:and also of
384:
349:
325:
323:
295:
273:
269:
268:
205:Among others
203:
36:
25:
4084:(1224–1242)
4078:(1204–1461)
3867:Konstantios
3744:Christopher
3717:Constantine
3707:Michael III
3688:Constantine
3671:Constantine
3653:Theophylact
3582:Philippicus
3532:Constans II
3457:Justinian I
3353:Severus III
3301:Constans II
3055:Claudius II
3031:Silbannacus
2978:Gordian III
2953:Maximinus I
2921:Diadumenian
2720:then lapsed
2716:Michael III
2653:Constantine
2637:Michael III
2580:Michael III
2557:(1): 33–53.
2236:: 226–240.
2042:Michael III
1784:Finlay 1853
1665:Finlay 1853
1653:Finlay 1853
1629:Finlay 1853
1560:Michael III
1402:Tobias 2007
1390:Tobias 2007
1343:Finlay 1853
1303:Tobias 2007
1227:, pp.
981:Constantine
975:Christopher
929:within the
815:Constans II
811:Chrysocheir
803:Christopher
739:Kainourgion
493:Michael III
468:manuscript.
352:Chariopolis
310:Michael III
212:Constantine
162:(886-08-29)
143:Chariopolis
116:Constantine
96:Michael III
92:Predecessor
4163:886 deaths
4158:811 births
4132:Categories
3861:Andronikos
3849:Nikephoros
3798:Michael IV
3763:Romanos II
3683:Theophilos
3678:Michael II
3659:Staurakios
3643:Staurakios
3615:Nikephoros
3608:Artabasdos
3520:Heraclonas
3477:Theodosius
3435:Basiliscus
3195:Nepotianus
3188:Magnentius
3182:Constans I
3135:Severus II
3115:Diocletian
3060:Quintillus
3025:Aemilianus
3018:Volusianus
2963:Gordian II
2928:Elagabalus
2791:Principate
2655:(868–879),
2423:9004108114
2412:. Leiden:
2334:De Gruyter
1807:21 January
1677:Mango 1986
1590:, p.
1574:, p.
1207:References
1166:J. B. Bury
1073:trilogy –
997:Engelberga
797:, sacking
783:Paulicians
659:Attributes
526:manuscript
364:Adrianople
332:Paulicians
236:Macedonian
112:Co-emperor
83:Coronation
4103:Classical
4088:Empresses
4072:(286–296)
4066:(267–273)
4060:(260–274)
3803:Michael V
3729:Alexander
3542:Heraclius
3510:Heraclius
3462:Justin II
3372:Glycerius
3359:Anthemius
3229:Procopius
3167:Martinian
3146:Maxentius
3075:Florianus
3048:Saloninus
3043:Gallienus
3012:Hostilian
2988:Philip II
2958:Gordian I
2906:Caracalla
2841:Vespasian
2836:Vitellius
2702:Rentakios
2662:Alexander
2563:Footnotes
2536:240457579
2354:0378-8660
2275:"Basil I"
2226:Byzantion
2126:155080903
1974:27 August
1946:27 August
1588:Bury 1912
1572:Bury 1912
1443:Head 1980
1419:Bury 1911
1212:Citations
1093:Byzantium
1091:'s book,
1022:Alexander
1016:Stephen I
927:Mausoleum
903:Alexander
791:Euphrates
705:Justinian
697:magistroi
653:29 August
505:wrestling
449:biography
419:al-Tabari
360:Macedonia
306:Macedonia
289:translit.
147:Macedonia
128:(879–886)
126:Alexander
123:(870–886)
118:(868–879)
102:Successor
4098:Usurpers
4093:Augustae
4051:See also
3956:Nicholas
3778:Basil II
3575:Tiberius
3560:Leontius
3548:Tiberius
3525:Tiberius
3503:610–1453
3498:Eastern/
3452:Justin I
3405:Arcadius
3365:Olybrius
3347:Majorian
3288:Honorius
3267:Eugenius
3202:Vetranio
3152:Licinius
3125:Galerius
3120:Maximian
3105:Dominate
3095:Numerian
3065:Aurelian
3038:Valerian
2983:Philip I
2973:Balbinus
2968:Pupienus
2916:Macrinus
2891:Pertinax
2886:Commodus
2851:Domitian
2816:Claudius
2811:Caligula
2806:Tiberius
2801:Augustus
2697:865–866
2664:(879–86)
2648:867–886,
2603:Basil I
2546:(2013).
2503:(1912).
2434:(1997).
2364:(1986).
2242:44170616
2188:(1853).
2160:(1999).
2136:(1911).
2102:Speculum
2009:39733201
1929:(eds.).
1558:(2021),
1377:44045861
1321:(#5679).
1124:See also
1077:(1991),
1067:Videssos
957:Basilika
867:Adriatic
855:Calabria
835:Syracuse
807:defeated
787:Tephrike
755:Ignatios
725:Ottomans
721:Basilika
716:Eisagoge
710:Basilika
581:basileus
501:Danielis
474:Bulgaria
445:Armenian
437:Bulgaria
336:Louis II
327:Basilika
314:mistress
312:, whose
258:Religion
140:Late 811
4108:Eastern
4008:Matthew
3902:Alexios
3750:Stephen
3712:Basil I
3597:Leo III
3472:Maurice
3415:Marcian
3398:395–610
3322:Joannes
3281:395–480
3235:Gratian
3108:284–610
3090:Carinus
3070:Tacitus
2946:235–285
2866:Hadrian
2735:Lapsed,
2718:in 843,
2582:'s son.
2302:(ed.).
2146:(ed.).
2118:2852356
1751:(960).
1319:Pankalo
1233:152–162
970:Bardas.
851:Taranto
799:Ephesus
751:Photios
676:impiety
614:Emperor
453:English
424:Saqlabi
391:Armenia
387:Arsacid
354:in the
270:Basil I
253:Pankalo
231:Dynasty
169:Consort
59:879–883
31:Basil I
3870:&
3846:&
3753:&
3724:Leo VI
3700:Thekla
3656:&
3623:Leo IV
3545:&
3484:Phocas
3440:Marcus
3425:Leo II
3341:Avitus
3258:Victor
3223:Valens
3213:Jovian
3208:Julian
3080:Probus
3015:&
2995:Decius
2943:Crisis
2861:Trajan
2740:in 887
2738:Leo VI
2686:Damian
2671:Leo VI
2658:Leo VI
2619:
2616:c. 811
2534:
2468:
2444:
2420:
2395:
2374:
2352:
2312:
2287:
2259:
2240:
2209:
2174:
2124:
2116:
2007:
1997:
1937:
1872:
1834:
1545:IV.44.
1517:IV.43.
1492:
1465:
1375:
1365:
1190:reign.
1010:Leo VI
995:, and
952:pothos
937:Family
843:marble
831:Sicily
795:Nicaea
729:caesar
681:Christ
632:shrine
630:Major
553:Leo VI
545:kaisar
536:Thekla
497:Patras
489:Bardas
486:Caesar
482:Thrace
368:Thrace
340:Leo VI
292:
250:Mother
245:Bardas
242:Father
121:Leo VI
106:Leo VI
3666:Leo V
3633:Irene
3420:Leo I
3085:Carus
2856:Nerva
2846:Titus
2826:Galba
2778:Roman
2651:with
2621:Died:
2614:Born:
2551:(PDF)
2532:S2CID
2238:JSTOR
2232:(1).
2142:. In
2122:S2CID
2114:JSTOR
1917:. In
1761:, 52.
1152:Notes
1101:book
1027:Anna
923:knife
911:fever
775:falls
649:Feast
588:Reign
576:sword
541:Arabs
441:Greek
429:Slavs
417:, or
411:Taron
278:Greek
199:Issue
185:Maria
179:Wives
72:Reign
4022:(w.
4005:(w.
3953:(w.
3924:John
3921:(w.
3899:(w.
3887:(w.
3858:(w.
3840:(w.
3741:(w.
3714:(w.
3697:(w.
3685:(w.
3668:(w.
3650:(w.
3611:(w.
3572:(w.
3539:(w.
3522:(w.
3474:(w.
3437:(w.
3430:Zeno
3297:(w.
3254:(w.
3045:(w.
3009:(w.
2997:(w.
2985:(w.
2918:(w.
2911:Geta
2831:Otho
2821:Nero
2780:and
2730:867
2466:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2350:ISSN
2310:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2005:OCLC
1995:ISBN
1976:2018
1948:2018
1935:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1809:2023
1490:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1373:OCLC
1363:ISBN
1315:PmbZ
1284:PmbZ
919:deer
915:belt
743:Rome
478:Krum
435:and
405:and
157:Died
137:Born
3843:Leo
3788:Zoe
3034:(?)
2524:doi
2106:doi
2040:to
1592:469
1576:177
1168:'s
907:Leo
366:in
358:of
276:" (
4134::
3864:,
3747:,
2571:^
2553:.
2530:.
2509:.
2485:26
2416:.
2277:.
2230:50
2228:.
2224:.
2170:.
2166:.
2120:.
2112:.
2100:.
2003:.
1964:.
1925:;
1921:;
1800:.
1759:II
1504:^
1409:^
1371:.
1317:,
1295:^
1286:,
1272:^
1257:^
1240:^
1231:,
869:.
805:,
761:.
749:,
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286:,
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57:c.
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2991:)
2924:)
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2513:.
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2450:.
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2380:.
2356:.
2336:.
2318:.
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2265:.
2244:.
2215:.
2180:.
2128:.
2108::
2011:.
1978:.
1950:.
1903:.
1878:.
1840:.
1811:.
1594:.
1578:.
1562:.
1498:.
1471:.
1421:.
1379:.
1235:.
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977:.
699:.
381:.
23:.
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