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693:") and requested them to release their officer prisoners under threat of executing the parents and family members of Carlist soldiers. Zumalacárregui saw the threats as morally unforgivable, as " were foreign to the struggle we are involved in", and announced so in his response. He executed his prisoners and Quesada shortly followed on his threat. Two days after the battle, Zumalacárregui commended his troops with special mention to the 1st Navarrese battalion.
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elevation. Meanwhile, he positioned his artillery at the centre of the semicircle and behind it the convoy's baggage and cavalry as well as a battle hospital. The
Carlist forces attacked repeatedly and while they managed to take control of the elevation, they were unable to maintain the position, which allowed Quesada to retreat towards Villafranca, albeit losing the baggage in the process.
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defeat. However, Fernandez's troops were tied up aiding officer
Armildez de Toledo against the Carlists elsewhere. Quesada's scouts were unable to provide information on Zumalacárregui's strength or movements until their arrival to the town, though a lack of farmers on his way there led him to take "opportune precautions".
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and ordered most of the prisoners to be shot "in just reprisal to the inhumane conduct which the usurper government was observing"—the execution of
Carlists by Liberals as political criminals. He threatened to shoot the 100 remaining prisoners he still held if Carlists weren't treated as prisoners of
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strategy of smaller-scale engagements and convoy attacks resulting in between a few dozen and up to 200 dead per side, without them being considered full battles. One source commented on the frequent marches that the strategy demanded, saying "In one side and the other those poor soldiers were always
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He stayed overnight in
Salvatierra awaiting Fernández´s reinforcements which did not materialize, then marched to Alsasua. General Quesada had expected an attack in the vicinities of Alsasua, but could not have predicted the absence of the necessary reinforcements, which he would later blame for the
636:
In the morning of April 22, Zumalacárregui ordered fifty cavalrymen and their guides on reconnaissance duty and to act as bait for
Quesada while his troops waited in ambush in the woods near the towns of Ciordia and Olazagutia. However, Quesada was well aware of the possibility of an ambush and,
660:
Quesada established a semi-circular formation with most of his forces and a second regiment's second battalion of regional volunteers covering the main path from
Zumalacárregui's position, while two sections of the fourth Royal Guard Infantry regiment and 40 carabiniers guarded the peak of the
656:
The engagement started shortly thereafter. Quesada's forces, significantly outnumbered, were in "critical condition" an hour into the fighting. However, his vanguard managed to stave off the
Carlists with enough success as to allow the rest of his forces to reach less disadvantageous terrain.
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and had minimal international support. The
Isabelinos, on the other hand, managed to prevent the majority of the kingdom for joining the insurrectionists, had access to many more men and resources than the Carlists, and controlled the central government. However, they had implemented various
645:, artillery, and cavalry would instead proceed through a left flank through a makeshift bridge so that they could get to a clearing of the path and themselves take the Carlists by surprise. Retreating or delaying the engagement, as Quesada observed, was not an option in this terrain.
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Quesada left
Vitoria on April 21, with a reserve brigade of two infantry battalions, one grenadier battalion, one sniper company, twenty carabiniers, two cavalry units, and four mountaineer sub-units, carrying with him "in passing" 500,000 gold
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Zumalacárregui and
Quesada attempted to engage in an exchange of prisoners, but negotiations were unsuccessful. Quesada did not view the Carlists as honorable enough to negotiate equally with (calling Zumalacárregui "chief of the
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reforms that were highly unpopular amidst an economic crisis and so the Carlists had popular support in the majority of regions where the war was fought. In light of these factors, the Carlists decided on a strategy of
560:, where both sides were gathering supplies and strengthening their forces. On April 1, Zumalacárregui had published an address to his Navarrese and Alavese troops offering rewards for distinguished soldiers, which
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in order to pay Liberal troops in Navarre. As soldiers were in short supply, his forces were weak relative to the goods they carried with them. However, before leaving Vitoria Quesada had ordered General
572:
in movement. Quesada believed he gained advantages from pursuing the Carlists relentlessly, running after them Zumalacárregui started to fear the persecution that gave him neither truce nor rest".
549:. However, sources do not mention Quesada considering another route and similarly do not mention any Carlist doubts as to the path the convoy would take. Thus, the geographic context set up a
522:: raiding supply convoys, engaging in ambushes or using their superior knowledge of terrain to defeat Liberals when possible. It is in this context that the Battle of Alsasua was fought.
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However, the terrain was rough and the soldiers had to cross multiple streams with water "up to their thigh and stomach" until they were able to reach the Etzegarate pass.
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after consulting maps of the local topography and deliberating with his infantry lieutenant and carabinier sargeant, continued forward with an altered formation. While his
685:
war rather than political prisoners, while allowing various officers to avoid their possible execution, although how they did so is unclear in contemporary sources.
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Alsasua lies 41 km east of Vitoria-Gasteiz and 85 km west from Pamplona. Geographically, the town sits between mountains dividing the
454:
would be treated throughout the conflict. In addition, it strained Liberal supply lines in the area and was part of Zumalacárregui's successful
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The battle cut Pamplona off from supplies from Vitoria, leaving the Navarrese capital vulnerable to on-and-off sieges throughout the war.
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450:. The decision of both generals to execute most of their prisoners after a failed exchange negotiation set the ruthless tone with which
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described it as the "largest town in Navarre". An alternative northern route avoiding Alsasua would have necessitated crossing the
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Zumalacárregui and Quesada had fought against each other multiple times before in the war as the Carlist general pursued a
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through the mountains with less than 150 men to avoid further combat and would not arrive in Pamplona until April 27.
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The most striking events of a twelvemonth's campaign with Zumalacarregui, in Navarre and the Basque Provinces
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The Liberals suffered many casualties and Zumalacárregui took many prisoners, as well as half a million
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411:(in Spanish "action of the inn at Alsasua"), occurred on April 22, 1834 in Navarre, Spain, during the
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Modern day Etzegarate pass on the bottom right, where a service station can be seen at its tail
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and had eight battalions under his command, four of which had joined him that same night.
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450 dead and wounded and 400 prisoners, including the capture of a full infantry company.
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981:"The First Carlist War (1833–40), insurgency, Ramón Cabrera, and expeditionary warfare"
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931:"The First Carlist War (1833–40), insurgency, Ramón Cabrera, and expeditionary warfare"
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Quesada, cut off from a retreat towards Vitoria by the Carlist forces, had to hike to
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Vie de Zumalacarregui, duc de la Victoire, capitaine général de l'armée de Charles V.
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This battle was one of the first in the First Carlist War, a succession war between
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Troop movements under Quesada and Zumalacárregui leading up to the Battle of Alsasua
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Galeria Militar Contemporanea - Historia de la Guerra Civil en el Norte y Cataluña
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Galeria Militar Contemporanea - Historia de la Guerra Civil en el Norte y Cataluña
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Galeria Militar Contemporanea - Historia de la Guerra Civil en el Norte y Cataluña
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1164:. Madrid: Sociedad tipográfica de Hortelano y Compañia. 1846. p. 374
1133:. Madrid: Sociedad tipográfica de Hortelano y Compañia. 1846. p. 373
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725:. Madrid: Sociedad tipográfica de Hortelano y Compañia. 1846. p. 376
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to reinforce the convoy with his troops by morning on the next day in
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The battle took place after a time of relative peace in the Navarran
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1271:(in French). Harvard University. imprimerie de Lacour et compie.
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Historia de la guerra civil y de los Partidos Liberal y Carlista
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Historia de la guerra civil y de los Partidos Liberal y Carlista
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Historia de la guerra civil y de los Partidos Liberal y Carlista
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endorsed in a personal letter to the general a week later.
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Manuel Lorenzo: militar y gobernador de Santiago de Cuba
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After the encounter, Zumalacárregui spent the night at
1086:. Julio Aróstegui. Madrid: Turner. pp. 238–243.
1064:. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, J. Murray.
851:. Julio Aróstegui. Madrid: Turner. pp. 270–274.
1187:"Gran Enciclopedia de Navarra | ALSASUA, BATALLA DE"
1211:Hemeroteca Digital. Biblioteca Nacional de España
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1236:. Julio Aróstegui. Madrid: Turner. p. 274.
814:Ayuntamiento de Altsasu / Alsasua / Curiosidades
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914:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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796:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1207:"La Revista española (Madrid). 1/5/1834"
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206:Location of Alsasua within Navarre
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744:Muriel Hernández, Manuel (2012).
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1265:Juan Antonio Zaratiegui (1845).
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979:Lawrence, Mark (2019-07-29).
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938:Small Wars & Insurgencies
929:Lawrence, Mark (2019-07-29).
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886:. New York, NY. p. 33.
598:Zumalacárregui had slept in
535:Charles Frederick Henningsen
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1341:Military history of Navarre
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1080:Pirala, Antonio (1858).
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880:Lawrence, Mark (2014).
819:April 25, 2008, at the
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626:Liberal General Quesada
553:between the two sides.
480:Infante Carlos of Spain
421:Tomás de Zumalacárregui
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168:Casualties and losses
486:. The Carlists were
484:Isabella II of Spain
403:, also known as the
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141:Isabella II of Spain
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78:42.8953°N 2.1689°W
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81: /
1315:Categories
1285:42°53′43″N
1216:2023-03-06
1192:2021-08-12
1168:23 January
1137:23 January
1039:2021-09-04
729:23 January
700:References
506:East Spain
466:Background
366:Aranzueque
138:supporting
129:Isabelinos
127:Liberals (
117:supporting
66:42°53′43″N
1288:2°10′08″W
1016:203061580
1008:0959-2318
966:203061580
958:0959-2318
910:cite book
902:881418310
792:cite book
784:881418310
569:guerrilla
462:in 1835.
456:guerrilla
337:Oriamendi
327:Majaceite
317:Terapegui
133:Cristinos
69:2°10′08″W
1252:12320449
1102:12320449
867:12320449
817:Archived
691:brigands
671:Gipuzkoa
639:vanguard
437:Pamplona
419:general
114:Carlists
47:Location
682:Echarri
643:baggage
547:Logroño
515:secular
511:liberal
502:Navarre
441:Alsasua
417:Carlist
388:Ramales
361:Andoain
332:Luchana
312:Arlabán
287:Mendaza
267:Alsasua
53:Navarre
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665:Result
632:Battle
562:Carlos
460:Bilbao
425:convoy
378:Maella
351:Huesca
302:Artaza
272:Gulina
262:Mayals
94:Result
1012:S2CID
984:(PDF)
962:S2CID
934:(PDF)
579:reals
527:Álava
448:reals
57:Spain
1248:OCLC
1238:ISBN
1170:2022
1139:2022
1098:OCLC
1088:ISBN
1004:ISSN
954:ISSN
916:link
898:OCLC
888:ISBN
863:OCLC
853:ISBN
798:link
780:OCLC
770:ISBN
731:2022
529:and
452:POWs
435:to
399:The
39:Date
996:doi
946:doi
407:or
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