762:
4032:
4020:
2783:
2795:
2807:
547:
in northeast Wales), which he credits with curbing the threat of invasion for a generation. However, as the victory is described as having been accomplished bloodlessly, it was presumably a different occasion from Badon. Accepted at face value, Saint
Germanus' involvement would also place the battle
889:
includes the entry: "The first celebration of Easter among the Saxons. The second battle of Badon. Morgan dies." The date for this action is given by
Phillimore as AD 665, but the Saxons' first Easter is placed by the B Text in its entry 634 years after the birth of Christ and "the second Badon" is
489:
had gone unmentioned by Gildas, ostensibly the source closest to his own time, was noticed at least as early as a 12th-century hagiography of Gildas which claims that Gildas had praised Arthur extensively but then excised him completely after Arthur killed the saint's brother,
718:, because he cited a "certain thick mist and black night" which "sits upon the whole island" of Britain, but not the subsequent famine in the year 537. Breeze concluded that Badon was fought "(...) in southern Britain, was fought in 493 and had nothing to do with Arthur."
422:, where he is mentioned as having participated in the battle alongside the Brittonic kings as a war commander, though is not described as a king himself. Because of the limited number of sources, there is no certainty about the date, location, or details of the fighting.
944:
Apart from the professional scholarship, various communities throughout Wales and
England have their own traditions maintaining that their area was the site of the battle. These include (besides Badbury Rings and Bathampton Down), the mountain of Mynydd Baedan near
465:
From that time, the citizens were sometimes victorious, sometimes the enemy, in order that the Lord, according to His wont, might try in this nation the Israel of today, whether it loves Him or not. This continued up to the year of the siege of Badon Hill
1000:, are defeated in an epic battle by an uneasy alliance of various British and Irish kingdoms. The author combines various medieval accounts of the battle, such as it beginning as an Anglo-Saxon siege of a hilltop (here initially desperately defended by
425:
Almost all scholars agree that this battle did take place. However, Gildas does not describe it as an actual battle, but rather as a siege. It remains unclear whether the Saxons were besieging the
Britons or the Britons were besieging the Saxons.
477:
describes the battle as such an "unexpected recovery of the " that it caused kings, nobles, priests, and commoners to "live orderly according to their several vocations." Afterwards, the long peace degenerated into civil wars and the iniquity of
634:
foretell that Badon's baths would lose their hot water and turn poisonous. He also mixes in aspects of other accounts: the battle begins as a Saxon siege and then becomes a normal engagement once Arthur's men arrive; Arthur bears the image of
1546:
Burkitt, Tim and
Annette. "The Frontier Zone and the Siege of Mount Badon: A Review of the Evidence for their Location". Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 1990, vol. 134. pp.
876:
mentions certain
Cheldric as Saxon war leader that fought at Bath during the same period, so other scholars suggest that (due to similarities of names) Cerdic of Wessex was the Saxon leader during the battle.
977:
as one of the many questionable feats of Sir Robin, who in the film's bardic narration is said to have "personally wet himself at the Battle of Badon Hill". The battle is featured prominently in 1997's
528:
in AD 449–456, he must have considered Badon to have taken place between 493 and 500. Bede then puts off discussion of the battle – "But more of this hereafter" – only to seemingly never return to it.
470:), and of almost the last great slaughter inflicted upon the rascally crew. And this commences, a fact I know, as the forty-fourth year, with one month now elapsed; it is also the year of my birth.
1004:, who is depicted as a brilliant strategist and rallying figure) and having Arthur's cavalry appear with the sign of the cross on their shields (here a requisite demanded by the Christian king
823:
have also been argued to be the location of the battle. David Cooper agrees that this is the most likely site and has provided the most comprehensive analysis of the battle available to date.
680:
There is considerable scholarly debate as to the exact date and location of the battle, though most agree that it took place in southern
England sometime around the turn of the sixth century.
626:) was massively popular and survives in many copies from soon after its composition. Going into (and fabricating) much greater detail, Geoffrey closely identifies Badon with
158:
604:
The Battle of Badon, in which Arthur carried the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights upon his shoulders and the
Britons were the victors.
1233:...usque ad annum obsessionis Badonici montis quando non minimas eisdem hostibus strages dabant quadragesimo circiter & quarto anno adventus eorum in Britaniam.
1290:
Duodecimum fuit bellum in monte
Badonis, in quo corruerunt in uno die nongenti sexaginta viri de uno impetu Arthur; et nemo prostravit eos nisi ipse solus.
586:
The twelfth battle was on Mount Badon in which there fell in one day 960 men from one charge by Arthur; and no one struck them down except Arthur himself.
1390:
Bellum badonis inquo arthur portauit crucem domini nostri ihu xp'i . tribus diebus & tribus noctibus inhumeros suos & brittones uictores fuerunt.
461:
organized a
British resistance with the survivors of the initial Saxon onslaught. Gildas describes the period that followed Ambrosius' initial success:
4035:
1418:
The earliest two being the Cambridge 1706 II.I.14 and Berne Stadtbibliotek MS 568, both apparently from the year of composition. Cf. Griscom, Acton.
692:
have posited that Gildas' 44 years and one month is not a reference to the simple chronology but a position within the 84-year Easter cycle used for
494:. Modern writers have suggested the details of the battle may have been so well known that Gildas expected his audience to be familiar with them.
151:
2844:
1533:
2898:
412:, date to the 6th century. It is chiefly known today for the supposed involvement of the man who would later be remembered as the legendary
1218:
1008:
for him to also join the battle), to create a more grounded and realistic depiction than the ones from his medieval sources. The 2004 film
508:
516:), which describes the "siege of Mount Badon, when they made no small slaughter of those invaders," as occurring 44 years after the first
4093:
180:
3978:
2584:
1955:
939:
144:
4023:
2704:
405:. It was credited as a major victory for the Britons, stopping the westward encroachment of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms for a period.
3203:
4098:
4088:
2861:
360:
715:
1018:
as the mostly Romano-British forces of Arthur defeat those of the Saxon kings Cerdic and Cynric, at a heavy cost to Arthur.
3933:
3193:
726:
Though academics have never reached any consensus, Mount Badon’s location has traditionally been sited in the hills around
17:
3928:
2837:
445:
2752:
1914:
1868:
1841:
1814:
1775:
1748:
1653:
1501:
517:
168:
761:
1266:
700:. The tables in question begin in January 438, which would place their revised date of the battle in February 482.
564:
The earliest surviving text specifically mentioning Arthur in connection with the battle is the early 9th-century
4078:
4063:
2277:
973:
320:
240:
41:
2139:
4073:
4058:
3999:
1948:
930:). In the second phase, Arthur joins the battle and enemy forces are destroyed, driving invaders into the sea.
639:
both on his shield and shoulder. Arthur charges and kills 470, ten more than the number of Britons ambushed by
971:
comic strip series episodes 1430 (5 July 1964) and following. The battle is mentioned in the 1975 comedy film
4103:
4083:
4068:
2830:
1927:
1723:
1693:
689:
2229:
2194:
980:
416:; although it is not agreed that Arthur was a historical person, his name first appears in the 9th-century
3858:
3993:
3293:
2699:
1275:
866:
may have led the Saxon forces at this battle. Others reject the idea out of hand. In book 9 of his work
3983:
2747:
2357:
2094:
962:
559:
200:
2878:
1941:
1170:
1154:
868:
751:
618:
230:
1269:
credits an 11th-century Irish edition by Giolla Coemgin with being the oldest extant edition of the
136:
3973:
1556:
Burkitt, Tim and Bennett, Annette, "Badon as Bath", Popular Archaeology, April 1985, Vol. 6, No. 6.
1405:
1340:
777:
280:
275:
210:
1694:"Six Old English Chronicles/Geoffrey's British History/Book 9 translated and edited by J.A. Giles"
922:). In the first round of fighting, a coalition of British kings is defeated by the Saxons (or the
902:, a French prose romance retelling of the Arthurian legend, replaced the Battle of Badon with the
3108:
3018:
1976:
1010:
697:
355:
205:
664:
3917:
3708:
3703:
1764:
Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert; Fay, Jacqueline A.; Fulton, Helen; Rector, Geoff (7 August 2017).
1470:
Daniel P. McCarthy and DáibhĂ Ă“ CrĂłinĂn. "The 'lost' Irish 84-year Easter table rediscovered".
668:. Geoffrey also makes the defence of the city from the Saxon sneak attack a holy cause, having
402:
398:
340:
315:
1858:
1831:
1804:
1765:
520:. Since Bede places that arrival just before, during or just after the joint reign in Rome of
3748:
3653:
3198:
2709:
1420:
636:
295:
285:
270:
265:
225:
220:
185:
3863:
3853:
768:
site. The ramparts of the Iron Age hillfort can be seen at the highest point of the skyline.
3658:
3483:
3408:
3283:
3208:
3078:
3053:
2978:
2853:
2462:
2447:
2422:
2372:
2247:
2069:
1994:
988:, in the book's second part, "Mynydd Baddon", in which the armies of Angle and Saxon kings
873:
613:
458:
365:
345:
305:
290:
113:
4031:
1884:
8:
3884:
3763:
3463:
3348:
3218:
3213:
3103:
831:
532:
310:
255:
195:
2936:
1933:
688:
Dates proposed by scholars for the battle include 493, 501 and 516. Daniel McCarthy and
600:), assumed to have been written during the mid- to late-10th century. The entry states:
3843:
3783:
3688:
3638:
3373:
3263:
3068:
2870:
2767:
2762:
2362:
2322:
2252:
1527:
1515:
1507:
1262:
835:
785:
566:
418:
394:
350:
335:
250:
834:
rather than English (thus eliminating Bath from consideration as its name is entirely
3943:
3905:
3899:
3894:
3758:
3723:
3593:
3543:
3433:
2968:
2922:
2913:
2732:
2377:
2312:
1968:
1910:
1864:
1837:
1810:
1771:
1744:
1674:
1649:
1519:
1497:
1027:
1015:
805:
781:
765:
640:
300:
260:
235:
190:
1569:. "Liddington Castle and the battle of Badon : Excavations and research 1976".
989:
863:
124:
4005:
3743:
3718:
3478:
3423:
3398:
3023:
2646:
2452:
2432:
2387:
1489:
1315:
993:
985:
592:
540:
330:
128:
1444:
3813:
3673:
3663:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3528:
3473:
3418:
3343:
3118:
2737:
2681:
2656:
2636:
2614:
2602:
2412:
2317:
2074:
2009:
1200:
731:
525:
479:
325:
245:
3948:
3753:
3728:
3568:
3443:
3188:
3143:
3113:
3083:
3073:
2811:
2799:
2574:
2528:
1294:
1079:
1047:
967:
847:
747:
739:
727:
627:
582:) Arthur is identified as the leader of the victorious British force at Badon:
386:
95:
91:
2929:
2609:
1712:
Primum pasca apud saxones celebratur. Bellum badonis secundo. morcant moritur.
4052:
3778:
3633:
3488:
3278:
2907:
2487:
2272:
2059:
1196:
927:
899:
816:
773:
703:
491:
457:
are said to have "dipped red and savage tongue in the western ocean" before
1678:
3968:
3773:
3643:
3578:
3573:
3448:
2886:
2787:
2742:
2533:
2352:
2282:
1511:
1273:, but it apparently only survived in a 14th-century copy. Cf. Todd, James.
1071:
809:
801:
797:
454:
390:
100:
3988:
3838:
3793:
3768:
3588:
3363:
3243:
3003:
2958:
2651:
2569:
2397:
2367:
2337:
1964:
1130:
The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 B.C. to the Present
950:
789:
735:
486:
413:
117:
1493:
1376:
846:, based on known Celtic placenames in Wales and Cornwall. Breeze posits
3598:
3403:
3393:
3253:
3248:
3233:
3228:
3033:
3008:
2983:
2963:
2822:
2554:
2523:
2467:
2184:
2104:
544:
1373:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes
548:
around AD 430, although Bede's chronology shows no knowledge of this.
3963:
3911:
3828:
3823:
3713:
3698:
3683:
3668:
3413:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3168:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3098:
3038:
2993:
2988:
2757:
2549:
2518:
2492:
2427:
2402:
2292:
2262:
2214:
2204:
2039:
2034:
2004:
1360:
1279:. Irish Archaeological Soc. (Dublin), 1848. Accessed 6 February 2013.
1063:
1001:
669:
658:
644:
166:
2124:
1095:
Per Bede's account. The actual dates of their reign were AD 450–455.
3923:
3833:
3788:
3693:
3628:
3623:
3603:
3583:
3538:
3533:
3508:
3503:
3358:
3338:
3298:
3268:
3258:
3223:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3148:
3063:
3028:
3013:
2998:
2973:
2676:
2666:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2482:
2437:
2407:
2332:
2302:
2267:
2242:
2209:
2174:
2154:
2109:
2064:
1984:
997:
923:
693:
650:
Elements of the Welsh legends are added: in addition to the shield
408:
The earliest known references to the battle, by the British cleric
3958:
3953:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3738:
3678:
3618:
3518:
3513:
3498:
3493:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3428:
3368:
3353:
3058:
3043:
2626:
2592:
2564:
2559:
2392:
2347:
2307:
2257:
2237:
2219:
2199:
2189:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2129:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2019:
1999:
1005:
946:
851:
710:, Wiltshire" took place in 493, deducing that Gildas was writing
707:
652:
575:
521:
1767:
The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set
3938:
3879:
3803:
3733:
3613:
3608:
3558:
3333:
3323:
3273:
3238:
3183:
3158:
3123:
3048:
2953:
2671:
2661:
2597:
2513:
2477:
2472:
2442:
2417:
2382:
2297:
2179:
2119:
2029:
2024:
1793:, Vol. 32, The Battle of Badon Hill, 1997, Fantagraphics Books.
1359:
The words for "shoulder" and "shield" being easily confused in
820:
631:
440:
409:
3848:
3648:
3303:
3288:
3093:
3088:
2497:
2457:
2342:
2327:
2084:
2079:
1989:
1424:. Longmans, Green, & Co., 1929. Accessed 7 February 2013.
536:
1930:
at The Camelot Project (including various modern depictions)
3523:
3438:
2287:
2114:
2014:
1608:
Carr, R. (2001), "Badbury or Badon", Dorset life, 267: 5–7.
672:
offer absolution of all sins for those who fall in battle.
503:
1963:
1722:
Public Record Office of the United Kingdom. MS. E.164/1,
1448:, IX.iv. In Parentheses, 1999. Accessed 6 February 2013.
1145:, 8th ed., p. 31. Houghton Mifflin Co. (New York), 2001.
1132:, 4th ed., p. 193. HarperCollins Pub. (New York), 1993.
502:
The battle is next mentioned in an 8th-century text of
453:), written in the early to mid-6th century. In it, the
439:
The earliest mention of the Battle of Badon appears in
706:, in a 2020 book, argues that the Battle of Badon or "
1619:
Badon and the Early Wars for Wessex, circa 500 to 710
1474:, vol. 6–7, 1987–1988, pp. 227–242.
1421:
The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth
1177:, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1899, p. 61–63.
1161:, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1899, p. 61–63.
965:
into battle against the Saxons led by Hengist in the
1763:
1030:(Salisbury), King Arthur's final fight in his legend
1743:. Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. p. 16.
1632:British Battles 493–937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh
1486:British Battles 493-937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh
1459:British Battles 493–937: Mount Badon to Brunanburh
758:as well as archaeological and toponymic evidence.
1276:Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
1014:ends in a climactic battle scene occurring along
750:), some 20 miles northeast of the Roman mines at
170:Anglo-Saxon invasions and the founding of England
4050:
1830:Brennan, Michael; Miller, Jacqui (11 May 2017).
926:in some subsequent versions, including that by
551:
531:Bede does later include an extended account of
539:in a mountain valley (traditionally placed at
2838:
1949:
1829:
590:The Battle of Badon is next mentioned in the
152:
1219:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
838:), and that the toponym as given by Gildas (
509:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1691:
1646:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
857:
3979:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
2845:
2831:
1956:
1942:
1909:. Tempus (Stroud, Gloucestershire), 2007.
1532:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
940:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
159:
145:
1885:"King Arthur (2004) · Medieval Hollywood"
1399:
1397:
2852:
1856:
1643:
1477:
1054:, "Blockade/Siege of the Badonic Hill";
854:in Wiltshire as the site of the battle.
760:
734:. Tim and Annette Burkitt have proposed
3204:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
1379:Putnam, 1921. Accessed 30 January 2013.
608:
27:6th-century battle in Sub-Roman Britain
14:
4051:
4019:
1668:
1483:
1436:
1394:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1180:
514:Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
429:
2826:
1937:
1802:
1738:
1304:
140:
3934:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
3194:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
1648:. New York: Routledge. p. 140.
956:
893:
1442:Thompson, Aaron & al. (trans.)
1329:
1246:
796:) in Wiltshire. This site commands
696:at the time by the Britons and the
624:The History of the Kings of Britain
451:On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain
68:Unknown, various locations proposed
24:
4094:Battles involving the Anglo-Saxons
3929:List of legendary kings of Britain
1803:Harty, Kevin J. (1 January 2002).
1671:British Battlefields: The Midlands
1371:(shoulder)]. Cf. Jones, W. Lewis.
996:, aided by Celtic traitors led by
862:Some authors have speculated that
446:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
25:
4115:
1921:
1889:medievalhollywood.ace.fordham.edu
1836:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
716:extreme weather events of 535–536
518:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
385:, was purportedly fought between
4030:
4018:
2805:
2793:
2781:
1806:Cinema Arthuriana: Twenty Essays
1409:. Everyman Press (London), 1912.
1343:. Op. cit. Phillimore, Egerton.
1267:Dictionary of National Biography
574:), attributed to the Welsh monk
1877:
1857:Sullivan, Tony (14 July 2022).
1850:
1823:
1796:
1784:
1757:
1732:
1716:
1704:
1685:
1673:. Reading: Osprey. p. 23.
1662:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1559:
1550:
1540:
1464:
1461:(2020: Anthem Press), pp. 1–10.
1451:
1445:History of the Kings of Britain
1427:
1412:
1382:
1353:
1282:
1255:
1237:
1225:
1089:
974:Monty Python and the Holy Grail
880:
535:'s victory over the Saxons and
42:Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain
4000:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
2753:King Arthur's messianic return
1692:of Monmouth, Geoffrey (1848).
1634:(2020: Anthem Press), pp. 6–7.
1209:
1189:
1164:
1148:
1135:
1122:
1109:
1086:, "Battle of Badon Mount/Hill"
1041:
826:Andrew Breeze has argued that
675:
578:, in which the soldier (Latin
13:
1:
4099:Battles involving the Britons
4089:Battles involving King Arthur
1741:The Hidden Places of Somerset
1621:(2018: Pen & Sword Books)
1597:In Search of Myths and Heroes
1326:". Retrieved 6 February 2013.
1175:Gildas, De Excidio Britanniae
1159:Gildas, De Excidio Britanniae
1143:The Making of England to 1399
1102:
933:
714:in 536, in the middle of the
56:
1298:. Accessed 7 February 2013.
981:Excalibur: A Novel of Arthur
662:(Excalibur), and his spear,
552:Nennius and the Welsh Annals
7:
3994:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
3294:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
1573:. 1996, vol. 153, pp. 1–59.
1128:Dupuy, R. Ernest & al.
1021:
721:
468:obsessionis Badonici montis
10:
4120:
3984:Treason of the Long Knives
2748:Historicity of King Arthur
1899:
1860:The Battles of King Arthur
1318:The History of the Britons
1058:, "Battle on Badon Hill";
963:Knights of the Round Table
937:
656:, Arthur gains his sword,
572:The History of the Britons
560:Historicity of King Arthur
557:
201:Treason of the Long Knives
4014:
3872:
3859:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
2946:
2897:
2879:Historia Regum Britanniae
2860:
2776:
2720:
2692:
2583:
2542:
2506:
2228:
2093:
1975:
1928:The Battle of Mount Badon
1873:– via Google Books.
1863:. Pen and Sword History.
1846:– via Google Books.
1819:– via Google Books.
1770:. John Wiley & Sons.
1406:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1203:MS Cotton Tiberius C.II.
869:Historia regum Britanniae
619:Historia Regum Britanniae
533:Saint Germanus of Auxerre
434:
178:
106:
85:
47:
39:
34:
3974:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
1644:Bradbury, James (2004).
1488:. London. pp. 4–9.
1292:Mommsen, Theodore (ed.)
1052:obsessio Badonici montis
1034:
858:Possible Saxon commander
383:Battle of Mons Badonicus
3109:Camber (legendary king)
3019:Augustine of Canterbury
2388:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
1669:Warner, Philip (1972).
1484:Breeze, Andrew (2020).
1347:9 (1888), pp. 141–183.
1056:Bellum in monte Badonis
830:must be etymologically
683:
497:
4079:6th century in England
4064:5th century in England
3918:Gesta Regum Britanniae
3709:Quintus Laberius Durus
3704:Publius Septimius Geta
2657:Land/Castle of Maidens
1833:Theorising the Popular
1571:Archaeological Journal
1310:Lupack, Alan (Trans.)
1141:Hollister, C. Warren.
1083:
1051:
961:King Arthur leads the
780:argue for the site of
769:
754:, on the basis of the
743:
606:
588:
472:
107:Commanders and leaders
4074:6th-century conflicts
4059:5th-century conflicts
3654:Oswald of Northumbria
3199:Constantine the Great
1739:Scott, Shane (1995).
1584:From Caesar to Arthur
1117:From Caesar to Arthur
1078:, "Battle of Badon";
1062:, "Battle of Badon";
800:, which connects the
764:
602:
584:
475:De Excidio Britanniae
463:
186:Groans of the Britons
35:Battle of Mount Badon
4104:Geoffrey of Monmouth
4084:6th century in Wales
4069:5th century in Wales
3659:Oswiu of Northumbria
3484:Julius Asclepiodotus
3409:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
3284:Edwin of Northumbria
3209:Constantine (Briton)
3079:Budic II of Brittany
3054:Bledric ap Custennin
2979:Ambrosius Aurelianus
2854:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2423:Lynette and Lyonesse
2248:Angharad Golden-Hand
2070:Ambrosius Aurelianus
1599:(2005). pp. 219–220.
1084:Brwydr Mynydd Baddon
949:in South Wales, and
906:(spelling variants:
874:Geoffrey of Monmouth
815:The similarly named
614:Geoffrey of Monmouth
609:Geoffrey of Monmouth
459:Ambrosius Aurelianus
381:, also known as the
114:Ambrosius Aurelianus
18:Battle of Badon Hill
3885:Battle of Arfderydd
3764:Silvius (mythology)
3464:Ingenius of Britain
3349:Gogmagog (folklore)
3219:Cordelia of Britain
3214:Constantius Chlorus
3104:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
1494:10.2307/j.ctvv4187r
1312:The Camelot Project
842:) is a misprint of
630:, including having
430:Historical accounts
3864:Ĺ’thelwald of Deira
3854:Æthelberht of Kent
3844:Wulfhere of Mercia
3784:Son of Gorbonianus
3689:Pir of the Britons
3639:Nennius of Britain
3374:Gracianus Municeps
3264:Dunvallo Molmutius
3069:Brutus Greenshield
2871:Prophetiae Merlini
2812:History portal
2800:England portal
2768:Tristan and Iseult
2763:Knight of the Swan
2363:Guiron le Courtois
2323:Elaine of Corbenic
2253:Anguish of Ireland
1907:Concepts of Arthur
1433:Thompson. VII.iii.
1322:Historia Brittonum
1295:Historia Brittonum
1271:Historia Brittonum
904:Battle of Clarence
885:The A Text of the
784:on the hill above
770:
730:, most notably at
567:Historia Brittonum
419:Historia Brittonum
395:Post-Roman Britain
123:Unknown (possibly
112:Unknown (possibly
4046:
4045:
3944:Matter of Britain
3906:Brut y Tywysogion
3900:Battle of Guoloph
3895:Battle of Camlann
3759:Septimius Severus
3724:Regan (King Lear)
3594:Marius of Britain
3544:Lucius of Britain
3434:Hengist and Horsa
2969:Alhfrith of Deira
2923:Brut y Brenhinedd
2820:
2819:
2733:Battle of Camlann
2507:Animal characters
2463:Percival's sister
2313:Elaine of Astolat
1969:Matter of Britain
1698:en.wikisource.org
1341:Harleian MS. 3859
1028:Battle of Camlann
957:Modern depictions
898:The 13th-century
894:Romance depiction
782:Liddington Castle
766:Liddington Castle
374:
373:
135:
134:
81:
80:
77:Brittonic victory
16:(Redirected from
4111:
4037:Wikisource texts
4034:
4022:
4021:
4006:Walter of Oxford
3744:Rud Hud Hudibras
3719:Redon of Britain
3479:Julius and Aaron
3424:Helena (empress)
3399:Gurguit Barbtruc
3024:Aurelius Conanus
2847:
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2788:Wales portal
2786:
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2647:Esplumoir Merlin
2453:Nine sorceresses
2433:Mark of Cornwall
2318:Elaine of Benoic
2230:Other characters
2115:Bors the Younger
2010:Elaine of Garlot
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1115:Ashe, Geoffrey,
1113:
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1045:
986:Bernard Cornwell
887:Annales Cambriae
844:Bradonici Montis
690:DáibhĂ Ă“ CrĂłinĂn
593:Annales Cambriae
397:during the late
173:
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3868:
3814:Uther Pendragon
3674:Penda of Mercia
3664:Owain mab Urien
3564:Maelgwn Gwynedd
3554:Lud son of Heli
3549:Lucius Tiberius
3529:Leir of Britain
3474:Jago of Britain
3419:Queen Gwendolen
3344:Goffar the Pict
3119:Capetus Silvius
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2728:Battle of Badon
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2682:Tintagel Castle
2637:Chapel perilous
2615:Val sans retour
2603:Glastonbury Tor
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2353:Green Knight(s)
2278:Black Knight(s)
2263:Balin and Balan
2224:
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2075:Uther Pendragon
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1265:" entry of the
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840:Badonici Montis
732:Bathampton Down
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598:Annals of Wales
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3084:Cadfan ap Iago
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1016:Hadrian's Wall
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3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Julius Caesar
3487:
3485:
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3477:
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3280:
3279:Edern ap Nudd
3277:
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3257:
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2909:
2908:Roman de Brut
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
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2876:
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2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
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2723:
2719:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:List of works
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2680:
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2678:
2675:
2673:
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2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
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2505:
2499:
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2491:
2489:
2488:Tegau Eurfron
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Red Knight(s)
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
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2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Lady Bertilak
2271:
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2261:
2259:
2256:
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2244:
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2176:
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2171:
2168:
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2100:
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2086:
2083:
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2068:
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2061:
2060:Morgan le Fay
2058:
2056:
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2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
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1974:
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1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
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1939:
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1929:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1915:9780752444611
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1870:9781399015332
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1843:9781443893718
1839:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1816:9780786413447
1812:
1809:. McFarland.
1808:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1777:9781118396988
1773:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1750:1-902007-01-8
1746:
1742:
1735:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1655:0-415-22126-9
1651:
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1633:
1627:
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1572:
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1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:9781785272233
1499:
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1454:
1447:
1446:
1439:
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1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:(shield) vs.
1366:
1362:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1307:
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1249:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1202:
1199:" or C text.
1198:
1197:Tiberius Bede
1192:
1186:Green, p. 31.
1183:
1176:
1172:
1171:Hugh Williams
1167:
1160:
1156:
1155:Hugh Williams
1151:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1108:
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983:
982:
976:
975:
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964:
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952:
948:
941:
931:
929:
928:Thomas Malory
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Vulgate Cycle
891:
888:
878:
875:
871:
870:
865:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
817:Badbury Rings
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:Geoffrey Ashe
772:Susan Hirst,
767:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Andrew Breeze
701:
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510:
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492:Hueil mab Caw
488:
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427:
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367:
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356:Hingston Down
354:
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207:
206:Wippedesfleot
204:
202:
199:
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182:
177:
172:
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157:
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72:
66:
63:
62:
54:
51:
50:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4036:
4024:
3998:
3969:River Malvam
3916:
3904:
3889:
3774:Sisillius II
3644:Octa of Kent
3579:Queen Marcia
3574:Mandubracius
3449:Iago ap Beli
2935:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2906:
2899:Translations
2887:Vita Merlini
2885:
2877:
2869:
2743:Loathly lady
2727:
2700:Bibliography
2534:Twrch Trwyth
2283:Blanchefleur
1906:
1888:
1879:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1766:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1697:
1687:
1670:
1664:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1429:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1389:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1344:
1324:) by Nennius
1321:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1216:
1211:
1191:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1091:
1076:Gweith Vadon
1075:
1072:Middle Welsh
1067:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1009:
979:
972:
966:
960:
943:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
897:
886:
884:
881:Second Badon
867:
861:
843:
839:
827:
825:
814:
810:River Severn
802:River Thames
798:The Ridgeway
794:Baddan byrig
793:
778:Michael Wood
771:
756:Welsh Annals
755:
752:Charterhouse
725:
711:
702:
698:Irish church
687:
679:
663:
657:
651:
649:
623:
617:
612:
603:
597:
591:
589:
585:
579:
571:
565:
563:
555:
530:
513:
507:
501:
484:
474:
473:
467:
464:
455:Anglo-Saxons
450:
444:
438:
424:
417:
407:
391:Anglo-Saxons
382:
378:
376:
316:Nechtansmere
215:
101:Anglo-Saxons
86:Belligerents
40:Part of the
29:
3989:Trinovantum
3839:Vortiporius
3794:Tasciovanus
3769:Sisillius I
3589:Marganus II
3364:Gorbonianus
3244:Saint David
3004:King Arthur
2959:Saint Alban
2937:MerlĂnĂşsspá
2930:Breta sögur
2652:Joyous Gard
2610:Brocéliande
2570:Round Table
2398:Leodegrance
2368:Gwenhwyfach
2097:Round Table
1995:Constantine
1965:King Arthur
1512:j.ctvv4187r
1345:Y Cymmrodor
1252:Bede, I.xx.
1243:Bede, I.xv.
1011:King Arthur
951:Bowden Hill
790:Old English
744:Aquae Sulis
736:Caer Badden
676:Scholarship
616:'s c. 1136
414:King Arthur
403:6th century
286:Heavenfield
271:Cefn Digoll
266:Cirencester
226:Alclud Ford
4053:Categories
3599:Mempricius
3404:Gurgustius
3394:Gurgintius
3254:Diocletian
3249:Digueillus
3234:Cunobeline
3229:Cunedagius
3034:Beldgabred
3009:Arvirargus
2984:Amphibalus
2964:Albanactus
2947:Characters
2914:Layamon's
2555:Holy Grail
2524:Petitcrieu
2105:Bagdemagus
1728:(in Latin)
1565:Hirst, S.
1349:(in Latin)
1300:(in Latin)
1205:(in Latin)
1119:pp. 295–8.
1103:References
938:See also:
934:Local lore
806:River Avon
712:De Excidio
659:Caliburnus
637:the Virgin
558:See also:
545:Flintshire
366:Brunanburh
346:Bensington
306:Two Rivers
291:Maserfield
4025:Wikiquote
3964:Riothamus
3912:Excalibur
3829:Vortigern
3824:Vespasian
3714:Redechius
3699:Porrex II
3684:Peredurus
3669:Pandrasus
3414:Gwenddydd
3389:Guithelin
3384:Guinevere
3379:Guiderius
3329:Fulgenius
3319:Eudaf Hen
3314:Estrildis
3309:Enniaunus
3169:Cledaucus
3139:Carausius
3134:Caradocus
3129:Caracalla
3099:Cadwaladr
3039:Beli Mawr
2994:Archgallo
2989:Andragius
2890:(c. 1150)
2882:(c. 1136)
2874:(c. 1135)
2758:Pendragon
2550:Excalibur
2519:Gringolet
2493:Vortigern
2428:Maleagant
2403:Lohengrin
2298:Brunor(s)
2293:Brangaine
2215:Sagramore
2205:Pellinore
2195:Palamedes
2040:Guinevere
2035:Gingalain
1528:cite book
1520:243164764
1361:Old Welsh
1064:Old Welsh
1002:Guinevere
916:Clarenche
832:Brittonic
804:with the
670:Dubricius
645:Salisbury
401:or early
276:Caer-Uisc
256:Degsastan
221:Beranburh
196:Aylesford
55:Unknown,
3924:Lailoken
3834:Vortimer
3789:Taliesin
3694:Porrex I
3629:Morvidus
3624:Morgause
3604:Merianus
3584:Marganus
3539:King Lot
3534:Locrinus
3509:Kinarius
3504:Kimarcus
3359:Gorboduc
3339:Gerennus
3299:Elidurus
3269:Ebraucus
3259:Dionotus
3224:Corineus
3179:Coel Hen
3174:Clotenus
3164:Claudius
3154:Catigern
3149:Catellus
3064:Brennius
3029:Bedivere
3014:Ascanius
2999:Archmail
2974:Allectus
2693:In media
2677:Tintagel
2667:Lyonesse
2642:Corbenic
2632:Celliwig
2622:Caerleon
2483:Taliesin
2438:Meliodas
2373:Hellawes
2333:Feirefiz
2303:Catigern
2243:Agrestes
2210:Percival
2175:Lancelot
2155:Galehaut
2110:Bedivere
2065:Morgause
1985:Agravain
1967:and the
1679:60058359
1222:, I.xvi.
1022:See also
998:Lancelot
924:Saracens
908:Clarance
836:Germanic
812:beyond.
722:Location
694:computus
361:Scotland
351:Ellandun
336:Hereford
251:Catraeth
181:Timeline
64:Location
3959:Pridwen
3954:Nennius
3819:Venissa
3809:Urianus
3799:Trahern
3739:Rivallo
3679:Peredur
3619:Mordred
3519:Lavinia
3514:Latinus
3499:Keredic
3494:Sir Kay
3469:Innogen
3459:Igraine
3454:Idvallo
3429:Helenus
3369:Gorlois
3354:Goneril
3059:Bledudo
3044:Belinus
2627:Camelot
2593:Astolat
2565:Prydwen
2560:Pridwen
2543:Objects
2448:Nentres
2393:Laudine
2378:Hengist
2358:Guiomar
2348:Gorlois
2308:Claudas
2258:Annowre
2238:Accolon
2220:Tristan
2200:Pelleas
2190:Moriaen
2170:Lamorak
2165:Griflet
2160:Geraint
2150:Galahad
2145:Dinadan
2135:Dagonet
2130:Caradoc
2055:Mordred
2045:Igraine
2020:Gaheris
2000:Culhwch
1900:Sources
1472:Peritia
1263:Nennius
1173:(ed.),
1157:(ed.),
1006:Tewdric
947:Maesteg
920:Clarens
912:Clarans
852:Braydon
786:Badbury
708:Braydon
653:Pridwen
641:Hengist
576:Nennius
522:Marcian
387:Britons
301:Peonnum
296:Winwaed
261:Chester
236:Deorham
191:Guoloph
116:and/or
3939:Logres
3880:Avalon
3873:Topics
3804:Turnus
3734:Rience
3614:Millus
3609:Merlin
3559:Maddan
3334:Gawain
3324:Ferrex
3274:Edadus
3239:Danius
3184:Coilus
3159:Cherin
3124:Capoir
3049:Bladud
2954:Aeneas
2721:Topics
2710:comics
2672:Sarras
2662:Logres
2598:Avalon
2585:Places
2514:Cavall
2478:Sebile
2473:Rience
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2418:Lunete
2413:Lucius
2383:Iseult
2185:Lionel
2180:Lanval
2140:Daniel
2125:Cligès
2120:Brunor
2030:Gawain
2025:Gareth
1977:Family
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410:Gildas
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331:Pencon
118:Arthur
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59:500 AD
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3289:Eldol
3094:Cador
3089:Cadoc
2862:Works
2498:Yniol
2458:Olwen
2343:Garel
2328:Enide
2085:Yvain
2080:Urien
2005:Ector
1990:Cador
1567:et al
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