992:. The Franco-Scots army of about 5000 also arrived in the Vieil-Baugé area to block the English army's progress. It was commanded by the Earl of Buchan and the new Marshal of France, the Seigneur of La Fayette; however, the English forces were dispersed, and, significantly, many of the English archers had ridden off in search of plunder or forage. On Easter Saturday, one of these foraging groups captured a Scots man-at-arms who was able to provide the Duke of Clarence with intelligence on the 5000 strong Scottish army. Clarence was keen to engage the enemy; however, he had a problem: the following day was
1009:
39:
1146:. Catherine had been crowned at Westminster in late February. Soon after the queen's coronation, Henry and Catherine had set out on separate tours of England. It was while Henry was in the north of England he was informed of the disaster at Baugé and the death of his brother. He is said, by contemporaries, to have borne the news manfully. Henry returned to France with an army of 4000–5000 men. He arrived in
1016:
There are several accounts of the Battle of Baugé; they may vary in the detail; however, most agree that principal factor in the Franco-Scottish victory was the rashness of the Duke of
Clarence. It seems that the Duke of Clarence did not realise how big the Franco-Scottish army was as he decided to
1029:
to round up all the archers and follow him as soon as possible. Clarence then with only about 1500 men-at-arms available, and virtually no archers, charged the Franco-Scottish lines. The Scots rallied hastily, and battle was joined at a bridge which
Clarence attempted to cross. A hundred Scottish
1062:
Later on in the day, probably in the evening, decisive action was taken by
Salisbury, who, having succeeded in rounding up the English archers, used a contingent of them to rescue what was left of the English force and retrieve some of the bodies of the fallen, including that of Clarence.
1182:(17 August 1424). At the battle of Baugé, Clarence had attacked the Franco-Scots army without the support of his archers. At Verneuil the English archers fought to devastating effect. The result of the battle was to virtually destroy the Dauphin's field army. By that time
1071:
However, the Scots allowed the remnant of the
English army, led by Salisbury, to escape and so missed an opportunity to remove the English from France. Nevertheless, the battle did secure the reputation of the Scottish army in France. On hearing of the Scottish victory,
1054:
who is credited with killing the Duke with his mace and holding the dead Duke's coronet aloft on his lance in triumph. Another version stated that a
Highland Scot, Alexander Macausland of Lennox, was responsible for Clarence's demise, whereas the Burgundian chronicler
1162:
before returning to Paris. Several key southern towns were still loyal to the
Dauphinist forces, leading Henry to decide to remove them as a factor for good. After taking the first town, he moved to lay siege to the strongly fortified Dauphin-held town of
1167:. It turned out to be more difficult to overcome than first thought. The siege began about 6 October, and the town held for seven months before finally falling on 11 May 1422. Whilst on his campaign in France, Henry fell ill and soon died (probably of
975:
When Henry returned to
England in 1421, he left his heir presumptive, Thomas, Duke of Clarence, in charge of the remaining army. Following the King's instructions, the Duke of Clarence led 4000 men in raids through the provinces of
1037:
When
Clarence finally forced his way across, he was confronted with the main body of the Franco-Scottish army; its men-at-arms were dismounted and were well defended by the Scottish archers. In the ensuing melée,
933:, with the intention of resuming the war, sailed from England to France with a force of about 10,500. He then pursued a highly successful military campaign, including the decisive victory at the
1039:
996:, one of the most holy days in the Christian calendar, when a battle would be unthinkable. A two-day delay was also deemed as out of the question. According to the chronicles of
1031:
628:
255:
676:
1497:
in John Gough
Nichols ' The Herald and Genealogist, Volume 5.' pp. 340–351 for a discussion on the variation of details and sources on how Clarence met his death.
1186:, who had returned to Scotland, was reluctant to send more relief to the French, and Scottish expeditions in aid of France were no longer a factor in the war.
1111:. In 1422 the Dauphin created the "hundred men-at-arms of the King's bodyguard", known as the "Hundred Lances of France", to supplement the 24 archers of the
840:
633:
362:
1378:
1791:
1481:
G. L. Harriss, ‘Thomas , duke of
Clarence (1387–1421)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010
1034:, reinforced by the retinue of Hugh Kennedy, held the bridge and prevented passage long enough for the Earl of Buchan to rally the rest of his army.
248:
1801:
1766:
1786:
1776:
669:
1527:
R. A. Griffiths, ‘Henry VI (1421–1471)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010
241:
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broke his lance unhorsing the Duke of Clarence. There are several versions of how Clarence met his death, but, according to
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348:
329:
314:
304:
279:
1079:
The Dauphin was able to exploit the victory at Baugé by announcing his intention to invade English-held Normandy. He made
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1269:
800:
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705:
284:
517:
79:
1781:
1751:
1213:
1115:. The Hundred Lances eventually became the company known as the Gendarmerie of France, who distinguished themselves at
1047:
972:, and from late 1419 to 1421 the Scottish army became the mainstay of the Dauphin’s defence of the lower Loire valley.
586:
1756:
1717:
1679:
1660:
1610:
1591:
1572:
324:
1294:
1288:
1018:
618:
1648:
1135:’s Scottish Captain and known to the French as Canede, was granted the right to quarter his coat of arms with the
1278:
1076:
passed comment by reiterating a common medieval saying, that "Verily the Scots are the antidote of the English."
988:
met with little resistance, and by Good Friday, 21 March, the English army had made camp near the little town of
413:
1226:
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910:
730:
418:
340:
289:
153:
149:
1373:
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn. Subscription Required"
1150:
on 10 June, before going on to Paris (which was occupied by the England-friendly Burgundian forces under
1017:
rely on the element of surprise and attack immediately. He discounted the advice of his lieutenants, the
544:
445:
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855:
1298:
1249:
1092:
1022:
735:
601:
190:
178:
921:. English strength was 4,000 men, although only 1,500 deployed, against 5,000 French and Scots.
1771:
1051:
960:
faction and the supporters of the dukes of Burgundy. In these deteriorating circumstances, the
765:
554:
477:
309:
1435:
Brown. The Black Douglases: War and Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland, 1300–1455. pp. 216–218
522:
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30:
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132:
1178:'s generalship, and the English won several battles including a decisive victory at the
937:, and regained from the French crown much of England's previously held lands in France.
760:
472:
1179:
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882:
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591:
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137:
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appealed to the Scots for help. A Scottish army was assembled under the leadership of
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in 1426, and was one of the 6 bishops to attend the coronation of the Dauphin as
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38:
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94:
81:
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. 1
1351:
Curry. Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years' War. pp. 44–45
1136:
1100:
997:
1565:
The Black Douglases: War and Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland, 1300–1455
1132:
1012:
John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan, leader of the Scottish forces at Baugé.
1159:
1088:
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with France since 1295. In 1419 the situation in France was desperate.
654:
1168:
1025:, to consolidate his own force and position; instead he ordered the
213:
4,000 men (although only 1,500 men directly took part in the battle)
1155:
957:
945:
894:
72:
993:
898:
1164:
949:
956:. France was in a state of an ongoing civil war between the
1518:
Wagner. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years' War. pp.307–308
1142:
Meanwhile, Henry V had been busy in England with his wife
1447:
Wagner. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years' War. pp. 43–44
43:
The Battle of Baugé, illustration from the manuscript of
1603:
An Antidote to the English: The Auld Alliance, 1295–1560
1584:
Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War
1495:
The Battle of Bauge, and the Personages Engaged in it
1546:
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075–1225
1000:
both commanders agreed to a short truce for Easter.
1367:
1189:
905:. The English army was led by the king's brother
1728:
263:
1605:. East Lothian, Scotland: Tuckwell Press Ltd.
1505:
1503:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1647:
670:
356:
249:
1544:Bartlett, Robert (2000). J.M.Roberts (ed.).
1521:
1472:Macdougall. An Antidote to the English p. 65
1382:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1361:
1359:
1357:
1174:England's war in France continued under the
901:, was a major defeat for the English in the
1582:Curry, Anne; Hughes, Michael, eds. (1999).
1581:
1500:
1459:
1450:
1409:
1050:wounded the prince in his face, but it was
1600:
1456:Neillands. The Hundred Years' War. p. 233,
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1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
909:, while the Franco-Scots were led by both
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663:
363:
349:
256:
242:
1792:15th-century military history of Scotland
1669:
1655:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1512:
1487:
1354:
1201:Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
1653:The shorter Cambridge Medieval History 2
1619:
1543:
1475:
1415:Prestwich. The Plantagenets. pp. 304–305
1291:captured by Sir John Sibbald of Balgonie
1007:
1638:
1438:
1418:
1379:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1365:
1304:Walter FitzWalter, 7th Baron FitzWalter
684:
1729:
1707:
1688:
1345:
1710:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
1562:
1119:in 1745. John Carmichael was elected
658:
344:
237:
16:1421 battle of the Hundred Years' War
1787:Military history of Pays de la Loire
1777:Battles between England and Scotland
1641:The Herald and Genealogist, Volume 5
1059:has the Duke killed by a Frenchman.
1693:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1263:
285:Second War of Scottish Independence
13:
1214:John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville
1081:Archibald Douglas, Earl of Wigtown
14:
1813:
1767:Battles of the Hundred Years' War
1672:The Hundred Years War, Revised ed
1639:Nichols, John Gough, ed. (1850).
1194:
175:Thomas Montagu, Earl of Salisbury
158:Archibald Douglas, Earl of Wigton
1712:. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.
1689:Rogers, Clifford J, ed. (2010).
1313:
1289:John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon
37:
1624:. Abingdon, Oxford: Routledge.
1279:Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter
1270:John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset
1190:Notable casualties and captives
1131:. Hugh Kennedy of Ardstinchar,
1509:Matusiak. Henry V. pp. 218–219
1040:John Carmichael of Douglasdale
587:Normandy campaign of 1449–1450
1:
1802:Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
1537:
1227:John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros
1032:Sir Robert Stewart of Ralston
924:
376:Lancastrian phase (1415–1453)
1403:UK public library membership
1066:
948:was lost to the English and
915:Gilbert Motier de La Fayette
911:John Stewart, Earl of Buchan
619:Gascon campaign of 1450–1453
325:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
290:War of the Breton Succession
154:John Stewart, Earl of Buchan
150:Gilbert Motier de La Fayette
7:
1601:Macdougall, Norman (2001).
1326:
10:
1818:
1762:Battles involving Scotland
1567:. Edinburgh: John Donald.
970:Archibald, Earl of Wigtown
49:Les Vigiles de Charles VII
1782:History of Maine-et-Loire
1752:Battles involving England
1670:Neillands, Robin (1990).
1586:. London: Boydell Press.
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893:army on 22 March 1421 at
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384:
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217:
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36:
28:
23:
1757:Battles involving France
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907:Thomas, Duke of Clarence
163:Thomas, Duke of Clarence
1708:Wagner, John A (2006).
1620:Matusiak, John (2012).
1563:Brown, Michael (1998).
1493:See Francis M. Nichols
1299:John Stewart of Darnley
1250:Gilbert V de Umfraville
1093:John Stewart of Darnley
518:Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier
114:Franco–Scottish victory
1388:10.1093/ref:odnb/12952
1095:received the lands of
1046:, the Scottish knight
1013:
940:The Scots had been in
144:Commanders and leaders
1674:. London: Routledge.
1366:Allmand, C.T (2008).
1319:Charles le Bouteiller
1239:William de Ros
1171:) on 31 August 1422.
1011:
881:, fought between the
300:War of the Two Peters
218:Casualties and losses
179:Gilbert de Umfraville
1529:accessed 1 June 2013
1483:accessed 30 May 2013
1369:"Henry V (1386–1422)
1085:Count of Longueville
966:John, Earl of Buchan
1154:); he then visited
1144:Catherine of Valois
1109:Constable of France
1057:Georges Chastellain
935:Battle of Agincourt
688:Anglo-Scottish Wars
310:Despenser's Crusade
295:Castilian Civil War
133:Kingdom of Scotland
91: /
1649:Previté-Orton, C.W
1643:. London: Nichols.
1322:Guérin de Fontaine
1283:Tanneguy du Châtel
1180:Battle of Verneuil
1052:Alexander Buchanan
1023:Gilbert Umfraville
1019:Earl of Huntingdon
1014:
903:Hundred Years' War
897:, France, east of
372:Hundred Years' War
267:Hundred Years' War
138:Kingdom of England
45:Martial d'Auvergne
31:Hundred Years' War
1797:1420s in Scotland
1747:Conflicts in 1421
1700:978-0-19-533403-6
1631:978-0-415-62027-7
1555:978-0-19-925101-8
1401:(Subscription or
1121:bishop of Orléans
1027:Earl of Salisbury
919:Marshal of France
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1297:captured by Sir
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1048:Sir John Swinton
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1442:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1404:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1333:Auld Alliance
1331:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:French deaths
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1251:
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1246:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
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1215:
1212:
1210:
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1202:
1199:
1198:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:, whilst the
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1074:Pope Martin V
1064:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1001:
999:
995:
994:Easter Sunday
991:
987:
983:
979:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
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888:
884:
880:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
806:Flodden Field
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:Homildon Hill
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
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680:
675:
673:
668:
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645:
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612:
611:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
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588:
585:
584:
580:
579:
576:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
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491:
489:
486:
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481:
479:
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462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
383:
378:
366:
361:
359:
354:
352:
347:
346:
343:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
269:
259:
254:
252:
247:
245:
240:
239:
236:
225:
222:
221:
216:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
198:
192:
188:
186:
180:
176:
172:
170:
164:
161:
159:
155:
151:
148:
147:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
109:
104:
74:
70:
67:
66:
63:22 March 1421
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1709:
1690:
1671:
1652:
1640:
1621:
1602:
1583:
1564:
1545:
1523:
1514:
1489:
1477:
1452:
1411:
1391:. Retrieved
1377:
1370:
1347:
1306:captured by
1272:captured by
1255:
1242:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1173:
1141:
1137:fleur-de-lis
1101:Concressault
1087:and Lord of
1078:
1070:
1061:
1043:
1036:
1015:
998:Walter Bower
974:
939:
928:
878:
876:
745:
644:2nd Bordeaux
629:1st Bordeaux
430:
228:500 captured
196:
184:
168:
123:Belligerents
48:
29:Part of the
18:
1139:of France.
1133:Joan of Arc
1127:in 1429 at
1125:Charles VII
990:Vieil-Baugé
954:Burgundians
942:an alliance
831:Ancrum Moor
821:Solway Moss
731:Nesbit Moor
726:Fulhope Law
624:Blanquefort
98: /
1731:Categories
1538:References
1405:required.)
1089:Dun-le-Roi
986:chevauchée
925:Background
851:Haddington
846:Drumlanrig
816:Haddon Rig
523:La Charité
226:1,000 dead
223:Very light
83:47°32′28″N
51:, c. 1484.
1169:dysentery
1107:was made
1067:Aftermath
866:Redeswire
841:Inchkeith
826:Edinburgh
811:Hornshole
786:Piperdean
776:Beaugency
741:Yeavering
716:Otterburn
639:Castillon
634:Martignas
613:1450–1453
607:Cherbourg
581:1449–1450
545:St. Denis
534:1435–1444
528:Compiègne
498:Beaugency
467:1428–1430
461:Montargis
456:St. James
425:1421–1428
399:Agincourt
388:1415–1420
210:5,000 men
86:0°06′18″W
1651:(1978).
1327:See also
1160:Gâtinais
1156:Chartres
1117:Fontenoy
958:Royalist
946:Normandy
929:In 1415
796:Roxburgh
766:Herrings
756:Verneuil
597:2nd Caen
592:Formigny
565:Pontoise
540:Gerberoy
478:Herrings
451:Verneuil
409:1st Caen
394:Harfleur
205:Strength
75:, France
68:Location
1622:Henry V
1256:†
1243:†
1233:†
1220:†
1207:†
1184:James I
984:. This
962:Dauphin
952:to the
931:Henry V
883:English
801:Berwick
761:Orléans
751:Cravant
711:Melrose
602:Falaise
488:Jargeau
473:Orléans
441:Cravant
404:Valmont
197:†
185:†
169:†
1716:
1697:
1678:
1659:
1628:
1609:
1590:
1571:
1552:
1399:
1393:30 May
1252:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1148:Calais
1129:Rheims
1091:. Sir
1083:, the
1004:Battle
968:, and
917:, the
913:, and
899:Angers
887:Franco
885:and a
836:Pinkie
575:Dieppe
570:Tartas
555:Calais
193:
181:
165:
111:Result
1339:Notes
1165:Meaux
1044:Bower
982:Maine
978:Anjou
950:Paris
895:Baugé
891:Scots
861:Leith
781:Patay
746:Baugé
560:Creil
550:Paris
513:Paris
508:Reims
503:Patay
483:Loire
436:Meaux
431:Baugé
414:Rouen
73:Baugé
1714:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1607:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1395:2013
1158:and
1099:and
1021:and
980:and
877:The
791:Sark
721:1400
706:1385
701:Duns
60:Date
1384:doi
1371:in
1733::
1502:^
1461:^
1440:^
1420:^
1376:.
1356:^
47:,
1722:.
1703:.
1684:.
1665:.
1634:.
1615:.
1596:.
1577:.
1558:.
1397:.
1386::
1285:.
889:-
678:e
671:t
664:v
364:e
357:t
350:v
257:e
250:t
243:v
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