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Creek. The whaleboat was faster on the water, and was about a mile (1.6 km) ahead of the flatboats when it reached the ambush site. The surprise was complete: all but one of the whaleboat's men were killed. Hearing the gunfire, the flatboats hurried to catch up, and carelessly made directly for the whaleboat. This exposed them to fire from
Indians on the shore, and they suffered significant casualties before the New Englanders were surrounded and the survivors surrendered. Sixteen of Pigeon's men were killed and the rest, nine of which suffered injuries, were captured, including Pigeon himself. After being taken into captivity, Pigeon was forced to pay 800
575:
41:
136:
508:. This expedition left a garrison numbering about 450 men which consisted of a mixture of marines and provincial troops. The garrison was reinforced with more regular troops in the following months, though the British only held effective control over the fort and the nearby town. The terms of capitulation had included a provision in which the Acadians within 3 miles (4.8 km) of the fort were to be protected, provided they took a oath to the
596:
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and they only had a very tenuous control of the area. The battle, in which the entire New
England force was captured or killed, emboldened the French and their Indian allies to blockade Annapolis Royal. Without heavy weapons, the force was unable to effectively attack the fort, and abandoned the
640:
The New
Englanders departed Annapolis Royal on 10/21 June in a whaleboat and two flatboats, going up the Annapolis River. Because they were delayed by the tide, word of the force's departure preceded them, giving the Indians time to set up an ambush near the mouth of what now is known as Bloody
538:
The first winter was a particularly difficult one for the
British garrison, which was reduced by early 1711 to about 240 "effective men Officers included" due to death, disease, and desertion. They had ongoing difficulty getting provisions and materials needed to repair the fort because of the
664:
The victory at Bloody Creek rallied the local
Indians, and prompted many of the Acadians who were nominally under British protection to withdraw to the north. Soon thereafter a force of approximately 600 men, including Acadians, Abenaki, and Mi'kmaq, gathered and blockaded Fort Anne under the
622:
Not long before Pigeon's party set out, an Indian force organized by Gaulin and Saint-Castin arrived in the area north of
Annapolis Royal, with instructions to harass and ambush the British when the opportunity presented itself. The exact size and composition of this force is not known with
627:
perceived for a time that some local
Acadians might have been involved, but thought this unlikely after learning of its recent arrival (literally the day before, according to one account) in the area. The identity and ethnicity of its leader is also uncertain; Governor
697:. This resistance was motivated by a French desire to recover Acadia and by the concerns of the Abenaki and Mi'kmaq, who had not been parties to Utrecht, to British colonial encroachment on their lands after the war ended. British disputes with the Indians led to
623:
precision. Vetch reported it to be 150, but other sources reported it to be as low as 50 men. Many historians report that the force was composed of
Abenakis, although Geoffrey Plank and others claim that the force also included some Mi'kmaq. Lieutenant
701:
in the 1720s; it was fought primarily in northern New
England, but British colonial settlements in Nova Scotia were also attacked. The disputes between the French and British over Acadia and Nova Scotia were not resolved until the British victory in the
567:
to accompany the fort's engineer on an expedition up the river. Pigeon's instructions were to assure the loggers that they would be paid and protected if they brought the timber down to the fort, but that there would be "severity" if they did not.
692:
Annapolis Royal remained in
British hands for the remainder of the war, but the Acadians and local Indians continued to resist the British presence after peace was reached and Acadia was formally ceded to Britain with the 1713
539:
reluctance of the Acadians to help. This reluctance was fueled in part by the activities of Saint-Castin and Gaulin — the Acadians in Annapolis Royal refused to do the necessary logging, citing the danger of
457:, was settled in 1604, one year after Acadia's founding, and served as the colonial capital for much of the next hundred years. The settlement consequently became a focal point for conflict between the English
689:; Vetch, who had accompanied the expedition as a leader of the provincial troops, returned to Annapolis Royal with 200 provincial soldiers, after which the besiegers withdrew.
563:(the three-mile protection area) were being harassed. Desperate for timbers to repair the fort, Vetch organized a force of 70 New England provincial troops under Captain
559:
opposed to British rule in the region. In his reports, he noted that the fort was "every day more and more Infested with skulking Indians", and that Acadians within the
193:
1390:
967:
Note Thomas Peace. Two Conquests. PhD Thesis. 2011. York University, p. 163 indicates there is no evidence to support the Mi'kmaq participated in the battle.
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attacks. To counter this, the British began sending out armed parties to protect the loggers. These logging parties were sent into the woodlands up the
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A Short History of Annapolis Royal: the Port Royal of the French, From its Settlement in 1604 to the Withdrawal of the British Troops in 1854
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and was captured. That same expedition abandoned its goal of attacking Quebec when eight of its ships were lost on the shores of the
526:, to harass the British garrison at Annapolis Royal in order to frustrate their attempts to establish a firm foothold in the region.
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1085:, list it as happening on 10 June. In this article both dates are used; the Julian dates are 11 days before the Gregorian dates.
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512:. A total of 481 Acadians were covered by this provision, but by mid-January 1711 only 57 had actually taken an oath.
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and were thus unable to make an impression on the fort, and the fort was still accessible by sea. Gaulin went to
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at a place that became known as Bloody Creek after the battles fought there. The creek empties into the
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received reports that these work crews and others who supported the British were being harassed by
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leadership of Gaulin and Saint-Castin. The defending garrison was small, but the attackers had no
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1081:, indicate the date of this action as 21 June; English records, which were still using the
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Story of Bloody Creek. Stories of the land of Evangeline by Rogers, Grace McLeod, 1891
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481:, although it was restored to France on 20 September 1697 under the terms of the
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for the next century. Port-Royal was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by
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1034:, or Plank for detailed treatments of Nova Scotia's history in this time.
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Charlevoix, Pierre-François-Xavier (1902) . Shea, John Gilmary (ed.).
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547:, and the cut wood was floated down the river. In May 1711, Governor
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was a military engagement which was fought on 10/21 June 1711 during
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From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755
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was given military command of Acadia and received similar orders.
492:, a joint expedition of New England provincial troops and British
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The battle was part of an orchestrated attempt by the leaders of
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Colonial Documents on the settlement of New York Vol. 9, p. 584
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1220:
Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Volumes 4–6
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during the Seven Years' War, and has been designated by the
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for supplies and equipment to advance the siege; Governor
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History and General Description of New France, Volume 5
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sent a ship loaded with supplies, but it encountered
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reported that it was led by someone named l'Aymalle.
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ordered Antoine Gaulin, the French missionary to the
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but eventually rebuilt. In 1690, the settlement was
1244:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1237:
1138:
515:When word of Port-Royal's capture reached France,
438:siege when British reinforcements arrived by sea.
398:force of 50–150 warriors successfully ambushed 70
1322:
500:again captured Port Royal. The town was renamed
1223:. Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia Historical Society.
45:Cairn erected in 1932 to commemorate the battle
1284:Monument to the Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)
368:Bloody Creek National Historic Site of Canada
187:
1391:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
1098:
1057:Directory of Federal Heritage Designations
194:
180:
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1000:
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898:. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
875:. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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858:
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528:Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin
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1136:
652:
630:Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil
16:1711 engagement of Queen Anne's War 1711
1217:Nova Scotia Historical Society (1885).
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789:
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710:in the 1750s. The site was again the
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958:Nova Scotia Historical Society, p. 29
175:
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1209:A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie
1169:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
780:
768:
581:
435:captured the fort the previous year
13:
1386:Battles involving Native Americans
1212:. Vol. I. Halifax: J. Barnes.
14:
1417:
1272:
1077:French records, using the modern
720:National Historic Sites of Canada
418:, and was also the location of a
1124:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
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358:National Historic Site of Canada
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1381:Battles involving Great Britain
1341:Military history of New England
1336:Military history of Nova Scotia
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1401:Indigenous conflicts in Canada
1121:The Border Wars of New England
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679:Philippe Pastour de Costebelle
429:to weaken the British hold on
1:
1351:Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
1118:Drake, Samuel Adams (1910) .
1092:
1063:. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
873:"Biography of Antoine Gaulin"
617:, showing the battle location
479:Province of Massachusetts Bay
441:
1137:Faragher, John Mack (2005).
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82:Wabanaki Confederacy victory
7:
1105:. London: Francis Edwards.
896:"Biography of Saint-Castin"
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725:
10:
1422:
1331:Military history of Acadia
1184:MacVicar, William (1897).
1145:. New York: W. W. Norton.
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1396:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
1346:Battles involving Canada
1236:Plank, Geoffrey (2001).
1190:. Toronto: Copp, Clark.
1141:A Great and Noble Scheme
433:. The British had only
225:Quebec and Newfoundland
661:
388:Battle of Bloody Creek
257:Acadia and New England
148:50–150 Indian warriors
115:Commanders and leaders
26:Battle of Bloody Creek
1240:An Unsettled Conquest
1012:Faragher, pp. 135–146
840:Faragher, pp. 119–122
683:a large British fleet
657:Nova Scotia Governor
656:
449:, the capital of the
156:Casualties and losses
1021:Murdoch, pp. 391–402
687:Saint Lawrence River
610:class=notpageimage|
524:Wabanaki Confederacy
517:chancellor of France
459:New England Colonies
404:New England Colonies
396:Wabanaki Confederacy
309:Carolina and Florida
97:Wabanaki Confederacy
1361:Conflicts in Canada
1307:44.8224°N 65.3095°W
1303: /
1030:See e.g. Faragher,
894:Salagnac, Georges.
822:MacVicar, pp. 41–44
813:MacVicar, pp. 13–29
716:Canadian government
490:siege of Port Royal
303:2nd Northeast Coast
263:1st Northeast Coast
1376:1711 in New France
1079:Gregorian calendar
976:Charlevoix, p. 238
662:
206:Spanish Succession
1366:Conflicts in 1711
1312:44.8224; -65.3095
1251:978-0-8122-1869-5
1176:978-0-7735-2699-0
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498:Francis Nicholson
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1073:
1061:Parks Canada
1056:
1053:Bloody Creek
1048:
1039:
1026:
1017:
1008:
996:
972:
963:
942:Plank, p. 60
938:
912:
900:. Retrieved
889:
877:. Retrieved
871:Lee, David.
866:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
798:
699:Dummer's War
691:
675:Newfoundland
663:
659:Samuel Vetch
639:
621:
565:David Pigeon
560:
549:Samuel Vetch
537:
514:
488:In the 1710
487:
445:
424:
387:
385:
351:Designations
330:Charles Town
298:Bloody Creek
297:
231:Newfoundland
131:David Pigeon
91:Belligerents
18:
1310: /
615:Nova Scotia
588:Battle site
416:Nova Scotia
315:Flint River
246:Fort Albany
166:54 captured
151:70 regulars
109:New England
72:Nova Scotia
66:modern-day
1325:Categories
1298:65°18′34″W
1295:44°49′21″N
1093:References
902:26 January
447:Port-Royal
442:Background
427:New France
373:Designated
204:War of the
164:16 killed
1260:424128960
879:1 January
671:Plaisance
667:artillery
649:Aftermath
506:Fort Anne
477:from the
335:Pensacola
325:Apalachee
288:Haverhill
278:Grand Pré
273:Deerfield
120:L'Aymalle
1206:(1865).
1163:(2005).
1111:13380963
803:pp.91-92
738:Endnotes
726:See also
706:and the
557:Abenakis
471:captured
463:Acadians
461:and the
268:Falmouth
143:Strength
62:Location
31:Part of
1229:1772297
1196:6408962
1130:2358736
561:banlieu
553:Mi'kmaq
534:Prelude
496:led by
494:marines
161:unknown
1258:
1248:
1227:
1194:
1173:
1149:
1128:
1109:
643:livres
636:Battle
541:Indian
455:Acadia
251:Quebec
133:
79:Result
718:as a
1256:OCLC
1246:ISBN
1225:OCLC
1192:OCLC
1171:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1126:OCLC
1107:OCLC
904:2011
881:2011
555:and
394:. A
386:The
376:1930
54:Date
1059:.
673:in
473:by
453:of
1327::
1254:.
1055:.
981:^
947:^
923:^
782:^
770:^
745:^
722:.
485:.
422:.
414:,
70:,
1262:.
1231:.
1198:.
1179:.
1155:.
1132:.
1113:.
906:.
883:.
195:e
188:t
181:v
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