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Battle of Boonville

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628:. Jackson demanded that Federal forces remain isolated in St. Louis and that pro-Unionist Home Guard companies of Missouri Unionists around the state be disbanded. Jackson made a wide variety of promises, but all his positions came down to the following: Federal abandonment of the state (outside St. Louis); disarmament of all Missouri Unionists (except those officially enlisted in the four regiments called for under Lincoln's April militia call); and no meaningful verification. (Federal authorities would rely on Jackson's and Price's good will and assurances that they would hold the state for the Union.) 231: 199: 605:. They agreed to maintain order in the parts of the state under the control of their various forces, protect the persons and property of all persons, and avoid actions which might excite conflict. Harney unofficially agreed to (generally) restrict Federal forces to metropolitan St. Louis. Price ordered that the mustering of Missouri State Guard volunteers in Jefferson City be halted. Instead, potential guardsmen were directed to muster with regional commanders in nine new Military Districts, the organizational course of action initially envisioned under the post-May 10 Military Bill. 662:. At this juncture, Price left Boonville due to illness and joined the forces assembling at Lexington. This was unfortunate, as it left the governor—a politician—in charge. Instead of retreating, Jackson decided to make a stand, because he feared political fallout if he made another withdrawal. Many of his men were eager to face the enemy, but they were armed only with shotguns and hunting rifles, and lacked sufficient training to fight effectively at the time. Colonel Marmaduke was opposed to giving battle, but he reluctantly assumed command of the waiting state forces. 319: 242: 212: 679: 1566: 109: 718: 1576: 326: 32: 698:
house, while Union infantry closed with the line of guardsmen and fired several volleys into them, causing them to retreat. This portion of the fighting lasted barely 20 minutes. Some attempts were made to rally and resist the Federal advance, but these collapsed when a Union company flanked the Guard's line, supported by cannon fire from a light howitzer on the river steamer
581:) and "suppress insurrection" (by Missouri Unionists enlisted in Federal forces). The new State Guard began organizing statewide in nine decentralized military districts, initially structured around the independent militia companies of the pre-Camp Jackson MVM. State Guard authorities also worked to manage the large numbers of volunteers who flooded into 758:
and Lexington just two and three months later, respectively), it was badly dispirited by this early defeat. Lyon's victory gave the Union forces time to consolidate their hold on the state, while Marmaduke's disappointment led him to resign from the Missouri State Guard and seek a regular commission
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The real impact of the Battle of Boonville was strategic, far out of proportion to the minimal loss of life. The Battle of Boonville effectively ejected the secessionist forces from the center of Missouri, and secured the state for the Union. Price realized he could not hold Lexington and retreated,
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Federal casualties were light, with five men killed or mortally wounded and seven less seriously injured. There are no reliable figures of casualties for the Missouri State Guard: but it appears five were killed or mortally wounded and ten wounded, while about 60 to 80 were captured. Lyon seized the
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Missouri State Guard casualties and sources: Jeff McCutchen, Dr. William Mills Quarles, Isaac Hodges, Frank E. Hulen, and Mr. Woods were named as killed or mortally wounded. Lane Bynam, Robert Withers, Clay Bredlove, William Brown, 1st Lt R. H. Carter, Tip Garth, John Henderson, W. T. Marshall, Mr.
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Lyon's command encountered State Guard pickets as they approached the bluffs, but Lyon deployed skirmishers and continued to push his men forward rapidly. The Union artillery (Captain Totten's battery, Company F, 2nd U.S. Lt Artillery) quickly displaced sharpshooters stationed in the William Adams
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the city. Secessionist communications to the strongly pro-Confederate Missouri River valley were effectively cut, and would-be recruits from slave-owning regions north of the Missouri River found it difficult to join the Southern army. Provisions and supplies also could no longer be obtained from
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Federal casualties and sources: Sergeant Jacob Kiburz, Private Marcus M. Coolidge, Charles O. Kelly were recorded as killed or mortally wounded. Private John Miller (likely mortally), Andrew Wood, Charles Clifton, Private Redee, Private Finney, Thomas McCord, Sergeant Armstrong, and two anonymous
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In the face of Jackson's inflexible position, Lyon (according to Governor Jackson's secretary) eventually stated that rather than allow Jackson to dictate to the federal Government, he (Lyon) would "see you, and you, and you, and you, and every man, woman, and child in the state dead and buried."
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General Harney understood that Price would hold the state for the Union and, in fact, Price promised him that, should Confederate forces enter Missouri, the MSG would fight alongside the U.S. Army to drive the Confederates out. At the same time, however, representatives from Governor Jackson and
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Daily Democrat, St. Louis, Missouri, June 21, 1861; New York Tribune, June 24, 1861; The New-York Times, June 24, 1861; Daily Democrat, St. Louis, Missouri, June 24, 1861; Louisville Daily Courier, Louisville, Kentucky, June 26, 1861; The Daily Cleveland Herald, Cleveland, Ohio, June 24, 1861;
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The Second Battle of Boonville was fought on September 13, 1861, when Colonel William Breckenridge "Bill" Brown of the Missouri State Guard led 800 men in an attack on 140 pro-Union Boonville Home Guardsmen, under the command of Captain Joseph A. Eppstein, while the Union soldiers were eating
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After disembarking, Lyon's troops marched along the Rocheport Road toward Boonville at around 7 am. Part of Marmaduke's eager but ill-equipped State Guard force waited on a ridge behind the bluff, totaling about 500 men. They had no artillery support, since it was all with Parsons at Tipton.
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Boonville Weekly Advertiser, June 13, 1924; Chariton Courier, Keytesville, Missouri, August 8, 1924; Tri-Weekly Republican, St. Louis, Missouri, June 20, 1861; Daily Democrat, St. Louis, Missouri, June 21, 1861 New York Tribune, June 24, 1861 New York Herald, June 23, 1861; Daily Missouri
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Missouri Unionists felt that Harney's confidence in Governor Jackson and General Price was dangerously misplaced, and that Harney's unilateral adherence to the "truce" was endangering the state. In a stream of letters and cables to the Lincoln government, they demanded Harney's removal, and
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Inexplicably, Governor Jackson, observing from a mile or so away, held his only reasonably disciplined and organized command - the long established (St. Louis) Washington Blues militia company (usually known as "Captain Kelly's Company") - in reserve; it would take no part in the battle.
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to secure the capital, Lyon resumed his pursuit of Price on June 16, landing about 8 miles (13 km) below Boonville on June 17. Informed of Lyon's approach, Jackson attempted to call up Parsons' command at Tipton, but it was unable to arrive in time.
647:, the next day. General Lyon promptly set out after them by steamboat, with two Federal volunteer regiments, a company of U.S. regulars and a battery of artillery — about 1,700 men in all. His goal was to seize the capital and disperse the State Guard. 477:. Although casualties were extremely light, the battle's strategic impact was far greater than one might assume from its limited nature. The Union victory established what would become an unbroken Federal control of the 917:
The "Washington Blues" would eventually become Company F ("The Fighting Irish"), Fifth Missouri Infantry, CSA. Company F would be recognized as one of the premier skirmishing companies in the western Confederate
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The battle itself was actually little more than a skirmish, but it was one of the first significant land actions of the war, and had grave consequences for Confederate hopes in Missouri.
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and the town of Boonville; some continued on to their homes, while the rest retreated with the Governor to the southwest corner of Missouri. Lyon took possession of Boonville at 11 am.
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to secure the arsenal for the Union. In the process, Lyon used a mixed force of U.S. Army Regulars and Federally enrolled Missouri Volunteers (mostly ethnic Germans) to capture the
524:, wanted his state to secede, but Missouri's overall sentiment was initially neutral. An elected State convention did not pass a secession ordinance, as Jackson had hoped it might. 788:. Highly motivated by a perception that the fight was one of "victory or death", the Home Guardsmen managed to defeat the State Guard troops, killing Colonel Brown in the process. 650:
Price hoped to buy enough time to consolidate State Guard units from Lexington and Boonville, though he planned to withdraw from Boonville if Lyon approached. State Guard Colonel
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State Guard's supplies and equipment, which included two iron 6-pounder cannon without ammunition, 500 obsolete flintlock muskets, 1,200 pairs of shoes, a few tents, and food.
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Cartoon by Cincinnati lithographers Ehrgott & Forbriger published after the Battle of Boonville and mimicking the public notice of strayed animals, 21 June 1861
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Missouri's Lt Governor, Thomas C. Reynolds were meeting with Confederate authorities asking them to send an army into Missouri. They promised Confederate President
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Four battles were fought at Boonville during the Civil War: the first battle forms the main subject of this article, while the others are described below under
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Lyon, meanwhile, had reached Jefferson City on June 15, learning that Jackson and Price had retreated towards Boonville. Leaving behind 300 troops of the
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Lyon concluded by turning to the Governor and stating "This means war. In an hour one of my officers will call for you and conduct you out of my lines."
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Following the battle of June 17, Boonville would serve as the scene for three other Civil War engagements, all of extremely minor importance:
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that the Missouri State Guard would cooperate with the Confederate Army to drive Federal forces from Missouri and "liberate" the state.
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A second result of the battle was demoralization. While the Missouri State Guard would fight and win on other days (most notably at
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The short fight at Boonville and the State Guard's precipitate retreat earned the battle the nickname of "The Boonville Races."
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Scioto Gazette, Chillicothe, Ohio, August 13, 1861; Service cards, accessed through the Missouri Secretary of State's website.
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breakfast. Due to rain, the Confederates wrapped their flags in black sheathing, which the Home Guard mistook as a sign of
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When Lyon unwisely attempted to march his prisoners through the streets of St. Louis, a deadly riot erupted. The
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and granting Governor Jackson near-dictatorial powers to take any actions necessary to "repel invasion" (by
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on October 23 of that year, which in turn put an end to significant Confederate operations in the state.
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The Fourth Battle of Boonville was fought on October 11, 1864 between Unionists and elements of General
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Miller, and W. B. Napton Jr, are the named wounded. Their names are recorded in the following sources:
702:. As Marmaduke feared, the Guard's retreat rapidly turned into a rout. The guardsmen fled back through 544: 402: 179: 527:
However, pro-secession elements did not let this setback dissuade them. They seized the small Federal
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to protect the state capital from a Federal attack that Jackson's supporters believed was imminent.
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eventually on May 30, General Harney was superseded by (recently promoted) Brigadier General
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Republican, St. Louis, Missouri, June 21, 1861; Columbia Missouri Statesman, June 21, 1861.
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Lyon, Jackson, and Price met one last time, on June 11, at the Planter's House hotel in
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in the Union, was deeply divided over whether to support the United States under
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The Negro Soldier in the Second Battle of Boonville: The Earliest Combat Soldier
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soldiers were recorded as wounded. Their names appear in the following sources:
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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was instructed to take up a position 20 miles (32 km) to the south in
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in the Confederate Army. Marmaduke and Price would team up again during
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The Third Battle of Boonville was fought on October 11, 1863, during
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which had assembled (purportedly for an innocuous annual drill) at
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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The Significant Skirmish: The Battle of Boonville, June 17, 1861.
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Governor Jackson and General Price fled toward the capital at
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Attempts were made to reconcile the two sides. A semi-formal
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could not be held, Jackson and the State Guard departed for
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Map of Boonville Battlefield core and study areas by the
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Operations to control Missouri (American Civil War)
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Lyon allied himself with Missouri Congressman 566:on the outskirts of St. Louis on May 10, 1861. 489: 1613:Battles of the American Civil War in Missouri 1029: 807: 778: 770: 746:though he would return three months later to 371: 791: 763:of 1864, culminating in their defeat at the 1036: 1022: 906:General Sterling Price and the Confederacy 378: 364: 1633:Union victories of the American Civil War 72:Learn how and when to remove this message 954:, Missouri Historical Review, Jan. 1992. 850: 716: 712: 677: 512:, or join the nascent Confederacy under 884: 882: 880: 878: 684:American Battlefield Protection Program 1595: 306:5 killed or died of wounds 10 wounded 1017: 957: 828: 359: 1575: 875: 25: 469:, occurring on June 17, 1861, near 13: 1045:Missouri in the American Civil War 944: 14: 1644: 992: 588: 325: 19:Not to be confused with the 1862 1574: 1565: 1564: 560:Missouri Volunteer Militia (MVM) 324: 317: 240: 229: 210: 197: 107: 30: 16:Battle of the American Civil War 597:was negotiated between General 500:At the onset of the Civil War, 1603:1861 in the American Civil War 921: 911: 898: 387:Operations to Control Missouri 1: 822: 673: 495: 465:was a minor skirmish of the 7: 1111:Price's Missouri Expedition 751:this section of the state. 300:5 killed or died of wounds 10: 1649: 1003:Historical Marker Database 808:Fourth Battle of Boonville 779:Second Battle of Boonville 771:Other battles at Boonville 490:other battles at Boonville 308:60-80 captured and paroled 18: 1560: 1539: 1519: 1461: 1454: 1424: 1398: 1391: 1359: 1294: 1263: 1207: 1126: 1119: 1098: 1077: 1051: 935:January 19, 2010, at the 929:Where the Civil War Began 792:Third Battle of Boonville 571:Missouri General Assembly 463:First Battle of Boonville 393: 312: 293: 280: 251: 222: 190: 121: 106: 96:Trans-Mississippi Theater 93: 89:First Battle of Boonville 88: 958:Thoma, James F. (n.d.), 117:by Orlando C. Richardson 115:Battle of Boonville, Mo. 1069:Harney–Price Convention 1064:Capture of Camp Jackson 863:. National Park Service 838:. National Park Service 667:2nd Missouri Volunteers 475:Cooper County, Missouri 893:The Fight for Missouri 722: 687: 520:, the pro-Confederate 223:Commanders and leaders 216:Missouri (Confederate) 1149:Battle of Dug Springs 889:Snead, Thomas Lowndes 761:Price's Missouri Raid 720: 713:Casualties and impact 681: 294:Casualties and losses 262:2nd Missouri infantry 258:1st Missouri infantry 1010:at sonofthesouth.net 983:: CS1 maint: year ( 904:Reynolds, Thomas C. 575:Missouri State Guard 518:Claiborne F. Jackson 340:class=notpageimage| 275:Missouri State Guard 21:Battle of Booneville 1008:Battle of Boonville 999:Battle of Boonville 798:Shelby's Great Raid 156: /  139:Boonville, Missouri 1174:Blue Mills Landing 800:, and saw General 765:Battle of Westport 723: 688: 467:American Civil War 428:Blue Mills Landing 270:2nd U.S. Artillery 160:38.9765°N 92.743°W 101:American Civil War 1590: 1589: 1535: 1534: 1450: 1449: 1406:John S. Marmaduke 1364:(by city or town) 1355: 1354: 1199:Mount Zion Church 700:Augustus McDowell 652:John S. Marmaduke 599:William S. Harney 537:St. Louis Arsenal 533:Liberty, Missouri 456: 455: 443:Mount Zion Church 354: 353: 266:2nd U.S. Infantry 246:John S. Marmaduke 186: 185: 82: 81: 74: 1640: 1628:June 1861 events 1608:1861 in Missouri 1578: 1577: 1568: 1567: 1547:General Order 11 1527:Confederate Home 1459: 1458: 1437:Thomas Ewing Jr. 1432:Samuel R. Curtis 1416:Joseph O. Shelby 1396: 1395: 1365: 1327:2nd Independence 1235:1st Independence 1194:Blackwater Creek 1124: 1123: 1038: 1031: 1024: 1015: 1014: 988: 982: 974: 973: 971: 966: 939: 925: 919: 915: 909: 902: 896: 886: 873: 872: 870: 868: 862: 854: 848: 847: 845: 843: 836:"Battle Summary" 832: 817:Army of Missouri 814:Sterling Price's 656:Mosby M. Parsons 448:Blackwater Creek 388: 380: 373: 366: 357: 356: 343:Location within 328: 327: 321: 244: 234: 233: 218: 214: 203: 201: 200: 171: 170: 168: 167: 166: 165:38.9765; -92.743 161: 157: 154: 153: 152: 149: 123: 122: 111: 86: 85: 77: 70: 66: 63: 57: 34: 33: 26: 1648: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1556: 1552:Bleeding Kansas 1531: 1515: 1504:Second Newtonia 1463: 1446: 1420: 1387: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1351: 1290: 1271:2nd Springfield 1259: 1215:Roan's Tan Yard 1203: 1184:1st Springfield 1115: 1094: 1073: 1059:Liberty Arsenal 1047: 1042: 995: 976: 975: 969: 967: 964: 947: 945:Further reading 942: 937:Wayback Machine 926: 922: 916: 912: 903: 899: 887: 876: 866: 864: 860: 856: 855: 851: 841: 839: 834: 833: 829: 825: 810: 794: 781: 773: 715: 676: 611:Jefferson Davis 591: 514:Jefferson Davis 510:Abraham Lincoln 498: 459: 458: 457: 452: 438:1st Springfield 389: 386: 384: 350: 349: 348: 347: 342: 336: 335: 334: 333: 329: 268: 264: 260: 228: 209: 198: 196: 164: 162: 158: 155: 150: 147: 145: 143: 142: 141: 112: 99: 78: 67: 61: 58: 47: 41:has an unclear 35: 31: 24: 23:in Mississippi. 17: 12: 11: 5: 1646: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1572: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1540:Related topics 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1511:Wilson's Creek 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1499:First Newtonia 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1442:Nathaniel Lyon 1439: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1411:Sterling Price 1408: 1402: 1400: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1342:Marmiton River 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1281:Cape Girardeau 1278: 1273: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1164:Dry Wood Creek 1161: 1159:Wilson's Creek 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1130: 1128: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1005: 994: 993:External links 991: 990: 989: 955: 950:Rorvig, Paul; 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Index

Battle of Booneville
citation style
citation
footnoting
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Trans-Mississippi Theater
American Civil War

Boonville, Missouri
38°58′35″N 92°44′35″W / 38.9765°N 92.743°W / 38.9765; -92.743
Union
United States
Missouri
Missouri (Confederate)
United States
Nathaniel Lyon
Missouri
John S. Marmaduke
1st Missouri infantry
2nd Missouri infantry
2nd U.S. Infantry
2nd U.S. Artillery
Missouri State Guard
Boonville is located in Missouri
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Missouri
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Boonville

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