Battle of Borodino

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positions in command of the army. Not only does a historian have to deal with the normal problem of a veteran looking back and recalling events as he or she would have liked them to have been, but in some cases outright malice was involved. Nor was this strictly a Russian event, as bickering and sabotage were known amongst the French marshals and their reporting generals. To "lie like a bulletin" was a recognised phrase amongst his troops. It was not just a French affair either, with Kutuzov in particular promoting an early form of misinformation that has continued to this day. Further distortions occurred during the Soviet years, when an adherence to a "formula" was the expectation during the Stalin years and for some time after that. The over-reliance of western histories on the battle and of the campaign on French sources has been noted by later historians.

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ordered the Russian Guard to hold the line and so it did. All of the artillery that the French army had was not enough to move it. Those compact squares made good artillery targets and the Russian Guard stood in place from 4 pm to 6 pm unmoving under its fire, resulting in huge casualties. All he could see were masses of troops in the distance and thus nothing more was attempted. Neither the attack, which relied on brute force, nor the refusal to use the Guard to finish the day's work, showed any brilliance on Napoleon's part.

514: 279: 1200: 1146: 2165: 1825:, as had been predicted by both Barclay de Tolly and Bagration. Napoleon, in command of the French forces, made errors similar to those of his Russian adversary, deploying his forces inefficiently and failing to exploit the weaknesses in the Russian line. Despite Marshal Davout's suggestion of a maneuver to outflank the weak Russian left, the Emperor instead ordered Davout's First Corps to move directly forward into the teeth of the defense, while the flanking maneuver was left to the weak Fifth Corps of Prince Poniatowski. 1261: 238: 490: 201: 1163: 1119: 1217: 1234: 2646:, as it was unable to pillage Russian land, which was insufficiently populated nor cultivated, meaning that starvation became the most dangerous enemy long before the cold joined in. The feeding of horses by supply trains was extremely difficult, as a ration for a horse weighs about ten times as much as one for a man. It was tried in vain to feed and water all the horses by foraging expeditions. Of the more than 600,000 soldiers who invaded the Russian Empire, fewer than 100,000 returned. 2759: 1278: 1742: 1728: 1714: 2445:

overcome the dispositional mistakes of the Russian army. Nor is the tent scene played out; instead Kutuzov remains with the army. Chandler also has the Russian army in much better shape moving to secondary prepared positions and seriously considering attacking the next day. Later historians Riehn and Mikaberidze have Kutuzov leaving most of the battle to Bagration and Barclay de Tolly, leaving early in the afternoon and relaying orders from his camp 30 minutes from the front.

53: 2101: 1071: 1078: 456: 1612: 2047: 1935: 1085: 696: 684: 672: 660: 648: 636: 624: 604: 591: 579: 559: 546: 532: 313: 2733: 2347: 5714: 2199:'s cuirassier division to lead the assault. Barclay saw Eugène's preparations for the assault and attempted to counter it, moving his forces against it. The French artillery, however, began bombarding the assembling force even as it gathered. Caulaincourt led Watier's cuirassiers in an assault on the opening at the back of the redoubt; he was killed as the charge was beaten off by fierce Russian musketry. 783: 1589:'s Polish infantry attacked the position from the south. Fighting was heavy and very fierce, as the Russians refused to retreat until Kutuzov personally ordered them to do so. The French captured the redoubt, at a cost of 4,000–5,000 French and 6,000 Russian casualties. The small redoubt was destroyed and covered by the dead and dying of both sides. 3067:." Count Rostopchin, apparently interested in overstating the enemy's losses, did not notice the mass of absurdities contained in Schmidt's data, and hastened to publicise them under the guise of trophy documents. Of the many errors found in the information of the Swiss, it is enough to point out one. Among the corps that fought at Borodino, he named the 1763:, although the Russian left was on marginally higher ground, this was but a superficial matter and did not provide much of a defensive advantage. The positioning of the Russian right was such that for the French the left seemed an obvious choice. The Russian position at Borodino consisted of a series of disconnected earthworks running in an arc from the 1515:. Although the Borodino field was too open and had too few natural obstacles to protect the Russian center and the left flank, it was chosen because it blocked both Smolensk–Moscow roads and because there were simply no better locations. Starting on 3 September, Kutuzov strengthened the line with earthworks, including the Raevski redoubt (named after 2436:

deceived by the announcement, it gave him the justification needed to allow Kutuzov to march his army off to rebuild the Russian forces and later complete the near utter destruction of the French army. As such, what was said by Kutuzov and those supporting his views was allowed to pass into the histories of the time unchecked.

2030:'s division then crossed to the north side of the Semyenovka stream, while the remainder of Eugène's forces traversed three bridges across the Kolocha to the south, placing them on the same side of the stream as the Russians. He then deployed most of his artillery and began to push the Russians back toward the Raevsky redoubt. 2674:, one of Napoleon's finest strategists, who analyzed the battle and concluded that an intervention of the Guard would have torn the Russian army to pieces and allowed Napoleon to safely follow his plans to take winter quarters in Moscow and resume his successful campaign in spring or offer the Tsar acceptable peace terms. 2564:, at about 55,000 for the day. The French lost about roughly the same number of soldiers. However, the Russian Empire, being a massive country with a huge population, could relieve these losses quickly whilst Napoleon could not. Therefore, both sides had their victories and defeats, with none reaching a decisive goal. 5337: 1558:, related in his memoirs that the Russian left was shifting position when the French Army arrived sooner than expected; thus, the Battle of Shevardino became a delaying effort to shield the redeployment of the Russian left. The construction of the redoubt and its purpose is disputed by historians to this day. 2124:

permission from Kutuzov for such an operation. Platov's aide was lucky enough to encounter Colonel von Toll, an enterprising member of Kutuzov's staff, who suggested that General Uvarov's 1st Cavalry Corps be added to the operation and at once volunteered to present the plan to the commander-in-chief.

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Despite his bluster, Kutuzov knew from dispatches that his army had been too badly hurt to fight a continuing action the following day. He knew exactly what he was doing: by fighting the pitched battle, he could now retreat with the Russian army still intact, lead its recovery, and force the weakened

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Poniatowski had about 10,000 men, all trained and eager to fight, but his first attempt did not go well. It was at once realized the massed troops and artillery could not move through the forest against Jaeger opposition so had to reverse to Yelnya and then move eastward. Tuchkov had deployed his 1st

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Together, they went to see Kutuzov, who nonchalantly gave his permission. There was no clear plan and no objectives had been drawn up, the whole manoeuvre being interpreted by both Kutuzov and Uvarov as a feint. Uvarov and Platov thus set off, having just around 8,000 cavalrymen and 12 guns in total,

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on the right, along its tributary, the Kolocha (whose steep banks added to the defense), and towards the village of Utitsa on the left. Thick woods interspersed along the Russian left and center (on the French side of the Kolocha) made the deployment and control of French forces difficult, aiding the

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The initial Russian position, which stretched south of the new Smolensk Highway (Napoleon's expected route of advance), was anchored on its left by a pentagonal earthwork redoubt erected on a mound near the village of Shevardino. The Russian generals soon realized that their left wing was too exposed

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Suffering a wound on the Borodino battlefield was effectively a death sentence, as French forces did not possess enough food for the healthy, much less the sick; consequently, equal numbers of wounded soldiers starved to death, died of their injuries, or perished through neglect. The casualties were

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Histories during the Soviet era raised the battle to a mythic contest with serious political overtones and had Kutuzov as the master tactician on the battlefield, directing every move with the precision of a ballet master directing his troupe. Kutuzov's abilities on the battlefield were, in the eyes

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Napoleon went forward to see the situation from the former Russian front lines shortly after the redoubts had been taken. The Russians had moved to the next ridge-line in much disarray; however, that disarray was not clear to the French, with dust and haze obscuring the Russian dispositions. Kutuzov

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to await a surrender that would never come. The capture of Moscow proved a Pyrrhic victory, since the Russians had no intention of negotiating with Napoleon for peace. Historian Riehn notes that the Borodino victory allowed Napoleon to move on to Moscow, where – even allowing for the

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Rapp immediately recommended to the Emperor that the Guard be deployed for action at which the Emperor is said to have retorted: "I will most definitely not; I do not want to have it blown up. I am certain of winning the battle without its intervention." Determined not to commit this valuable final

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then led eight Saxon and two Polish cavalry squadrons against the back of the redoubt, while officers and sergeants of his command actually forced their horses through the redoubt's embrasures, sowing confusion amongst the defenders and allowing the French cavalry and infantry to take the position.

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The unexpected French advance from the west and the fall of the Shevardino redoubt threw the Russian formation into disarray. Since the left flank of their defensive position had collapsed, Russian forces withdrew to the east, constructing a makeshift position centered around the village of Utitsa.

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His dispositions for the battle are described as a clear mistake leaving the right far too strong and the left much too weak. Only the fact that Bagration and Barclay were to cooperate fully saved the Russian army and did much to mitigate the bad positioning. Nothing would be more damning than 300

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within a few miles of Moscow as a battle site. However, the Russian Army had not received enough reinforcements, and it was too risky to cling to Moscow at all costs. Kutuzov understood that the Russian people never wanted to abandon Moscow, the city which was regarded as Russia's "second capital"

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The battle had all but ended, with both sides so exhausted that only the artillery was still at work. At 15:30, the Raevsky redoubt fell with most of the 24th Division's troops. General Likhachov was captured by the French. However, the French attempts to break through further were thwarted by the

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and others would make attempts to cover up their mistakes in this deployment and later attempts by historians would compound the issue. Indeed, Clausewitz also complained about Toll's dispositions being so narrow and deep that needless losses were incurred from artillery fire. The Russian position

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Kutuzov was very concerned that the French might take the New Smolensk Road around his positions and on to Moscow so placed the more powerful 1st Army under Barclay on the right, in positions which were already strong and virtually unassailable by the French. The 2nd Army under Bagration

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had not allowed time for these to be fully implemented and absorbed. A divisional system was introduced in 1806, and corps were established in 1812. Prussian influence may be seen in the organizational setup. By the time of Borodino the Russian army had changed greatly from the force which met the

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and ordered his men to prepare for battle. Kutuzov understood that Barclay's decision to retreat had been correct, but the Tsar, the Russian troops and Russia could not accept further retreat. A battle had to occur in order to preserve the morale of the soldiers and the nation. He then ordered not

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ensured that only about 10,000 men of the main force returned across the Russian border alive. Furthermore, although the Russian army suffered heavy casualties in the battle, it regrouped by the time of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow; it soon began to interfere with the French withdrawal and

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However, in what had become a war of attrition, the battle was just one more source of losses to the French when they were losing two men to one. Both the French and the Russians suffered terribly but the Russians had reserve troops, and a clear logistical advantage. The French Army supplies came

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Personal accounts of the battle frequently magnified an individual's own role or minimised those of rivals. The politics of the time were complex and complicated by ethnic divisions between native Russian nobility and those having second and third-generation German descent, leading to rivalry for

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Towards 15:00, after hours of resistance, the Russian army was in dire straits, but the French forces were exhausted and had neither the necessary stamina nor will to carry out another assault. Both armies were exhausted after the battle and the Russians withdrew from the field the following day.

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to fill the gap under the most murderous fire, which used up and demoralized these cavalrymen, greatly reducing their combat effectiveness. The delay contradicted a military principle the Emperor had stated many times: "Ground I may recover, time never". The Cossack raid contributed to Napoleon's

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with the formations of the French revolution and Napoleon's reforms had transformed it into a military machine that had dominated Europe by 1799. Each corps of the French army was in fact its own mini-army capable of independent action. Despite being the finest army of its day in 1812, the French

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demanding that he surrender and accept defeat. Napoleon received no response. Whilst patiently waiting for an answer from the tsar, as soon as the cold winter and snowfall started to form, Napoleon, realizing what was happening, attempted to escape the country with his men. Seeing that they were

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Both the French and Russians suffered terrible casualties during the fighting, losing over a third of their armies. Some 52,000 Russian troops were reported as dead, wounded or missing, including 1,000 prisoners; some 8,000 men were separated from their units and returned over the next few days,

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The third area of operations was around the village of Utitsa. The village was at the southern end of the Russian positions and lay along the old Smolensk road. It was rightly perceived as a potential weak point in the defense as a march along the road could turn the entire position at Borodino.

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The 2nd Army's command structure fell apart as Bagration was removed from the battlefield and the report of his being hit quickly spread and caused morale to collapse. Napoleon, who had been sick with a cold and was too far from the action to really observe what was going on, refused to send his

1988:'s Division in control of the Russian forward position at 11:30. Dust, smoke, confusion and exhaustion all combined to keep the French commanders on the field (Davout, Ney and Murat) from comprehending that all the Russians before them had fallen back, were in confusion, and ripe for the taking. 1956:

During the confused fighting, French and Russian units moved forward into impenetrable smoke and were smashed by artillery and musketry fire that was horrendous even by Napoleonic standards. Infantry and cavalrymen had difficulty maneuvering over the heaps of corpses and masses of wounded. Murat

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on 30 August, thus using Barclay's delaying operation again, by which time the ratio of French to Russian forces had shrunk from 3:1 to 5:4. The main part of Napoleon's army had entered Russia with 286,000 men, but by the time of the battle was reduced mostly through starvation and disease.

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did so) and in this case, Kutuzov was commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army, and it was an army that, despite the huge losses, considered itself undefeated. Announcing a defeat would have removed Kutuzov from command, and damaged the morale of the proud soldiers. While Alexander was not

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The sudden appearance of masses of enemy cavalry so close to the supply train and the Emperor's headquarters caused panic and consternation, prompting Eugène to immediately cancel his attack and pull back his entire Corps westwards to deal with the alarming situation. Meanwhile, the two Russian

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writing in 1966, echoes the Soviet era Russian histories in more than a few ways, asserting that General Kutuzov remained in control of the battle throughout, ordered counter-moves to Napoleon's tactics personally rather than Bagration and Barclay doing so and put aside personal differences to

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and each time were beaten back in fierce close combat. Bagration in some instances was personally leading counterattacks, and in a final attempt to push the French completely back he got hit in the leg by cannonball splinters somewhere around 11:00 hours. He insisted on staying on the field to

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had discovered a ford across the Kolocha river, on the extreme Russian right (northern) flank. Seeing that the ground in front of them was clear of enemy forces, Platov saw an opportunity to go around the French left flank and into the enemy's rear. He at once sent one of his aides to ask for

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became a textbook example of what a hold logistics placed upon an army far from its center of supply. On September 8, the Russian army moved away from the battlefield in twin columns, allowing Napoleon to occupy Moscow and await for five weeks a Russian surrender that would never come.

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Given the ferocity of the Russian defense, everyone was aware that such a move would cost the lives of thousands of Guardsmen, but it was thought that the presence of this prestigious unit would bolster the morale of the entire army for a final decisive push. A notable exception was Marshal

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Although the Battle of Borodino is classified as a victory for Napoleon since the Russians were pushed back from their initial defensive positions, The battle was undoubtedly a moral success for the Russians, Kutuzov retreated from the battlefield on 8 September, and Napoleon and his men

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regiments and 55 artillery batteries (637 artillery pieces). In total, the Russians fielded 155,200 troops. There were 10,000 Cossacks as well as 33,000 Russian militiamen in the area who did not participate in the battle. After the battle the militia units were broken up to provide

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The views of historians of the outcome of the battle changed with the passage of time and the changing political situations surrounding them. Kutuzov proclaimed a victory both to the army and to Emperor Alexander. While many a general throughout history claimed victory out of defeat

2143:). As it turned out, the action had the utmost importance in the outcome of the battle, as it delayed the attack of the IV Corps on the Raevski redoubt for a critical two hours. During these two hours, the Russians were able to reassess the situation, realize the terrible state of 1546:

reports that it was used as an observation point to determine the course of the French advance. Historians Witner and Ratch, and many others, reported it was used as a fortification to threaten the French right flank, despite being beyond the effective reach of guns of the period.

2798:: "After the shock that had been received, the French army was still able to crawl to Moscow; but there, without any new efforts on the part of the Russian troops, it was doomed to perish, bleeding to death from the mortal wound received at Borodino". The battle is depicted in 3135:

There are casualty figures in the literature ranging from 38,500 to 58,000. 38,500 men (identical to Zemtsov's assessment of French losses on 5–7 September), e.g., data from the September statement where there is an undercount or an error. 58,000 is the figure coming from

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crashing, with no survivors, every 5 minutes for eight hours". Taken as a one-day battle in the scope of the Napoleonic conflict, this was the bloodiest battle of this series of conflicts with combined casualties between 72,000 and 73,000. The next nearest battle would be

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posits that Borodino constituted a Pyrrhic victory for the French, which would ultimately cost Napoleon the war and his crown, although at the time none of this was apparent to either side. Sokolov adds that the decision to not commit the Guard saved the Russians from an

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of this battle, the figures would be deliberately inflated or underplayed by the generals of both sides attempting to lessen the impact the figures would have on public opinion both during aftermath of the battle or, for political reasons, later during the Soviet period.

2279:, behind the Russian line, was visible through the gaping hole the French attack had pierced, that an enormous crowd of runaways and vehicles were hastily retreating, and that a final push would be enough to decide the fate of the Russian army and of the war. Generals 2092:, the Russian commander "seemed to be in a trance". With the death of General Kutaisov, Chief of Artillery, most of the Russian cannon sat useless on the heights to the rear and were never ordered into battle, while the French artillery wreaked havoc on the Russians. 1899:'s divisions. When Compans exited the woods on the far bank of the Kolocha, he was hit by massed Russian cannon fire; both Compans and Dessaix were wounded, but the French continued their assault. Davout, seeing the confusion, personally led the 57th Line Regiment ( 2245:

led the Westphalians to join the attack and again captured Utitsa village, which was set on fire by the departing Russians. After the village's capture, Russians and Poles continued to skirmish and cannonade for the rest of the day without much progress. The heavy

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Thus, when the action began and became a defensive rather than an offensive battle for the Russians, their heavy preponderance in artillery was wasted on a right wing that would never be attacked, while the French artillery did much to help win the battle. Colonel

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successfully used a "delaying operation", defined as an operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged, using a

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lost approximately 28,000 soldiers: 6,562 (including 269 officers) were reported as dead, 21,450 as wounded. But according to French historian Aristid Martinien, at least 460 French officers (known by name) were killed in battle. In total, the

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Despite such concerns the area was a tangle of rough country thickly covered in heavy brush well suited for deploying light infantry. The forest was dense, the ground marshy, and Russian Jaegers were deployed there in some numbers. Russian General

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in front of the Kolocha stream. These positions helped support the Russian left, which had no terrain advantages. There was much to be desired in the construction of the flèches, one officer noting that the ditches were much too shallow, the

1565:'s French forces met Konovnitsyn's Russians in a massive cavalry clash, the Russians eventually retreating to the Kolorzkoi Cloister when their flank was threatened. Fighting resumed the next day but Konovnitsyn again retreated when Viceroy 2806:, which in Part III devotes 35 minutes to a monumental depiction of the battle, using 12,000 Soviet troops. The narrator in the film makes the claim that the moral victory of the Russian side led directly to the end of Napoleon's empire. 1926:

lead a charge by the 24th Regiment that retook them. Although not enamoured of Barclay, Bagration turned to him for aid, ignoring Kutuzov altogether; Barclay, to his credit, responded quickly, sending three guard regiments, eight

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According to historian Alexander Mikaberidze, the French army remained the finest army of its day by a good margin. The vast French military resources in manpower, horsepower, and firepower along with fusion of the legacy of the

2402:, where Tsar and the Russian government resided); however he also believed that the Russian Army did not have enough forces to protect that city. Kutuzov called for a council of war in the afternoon of 13 September at 1772:

was expected to hold the left. The fall of Shevardino unanchored the Russian left flank but Kutuzov did nothing to change these initial dispositions despite the repeated pleas of his generals to redeploy their forces.

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Eugène's artillery continued to pound Russian support columns, while Marshals Ney and Davout set up a crossfire with artillery positioned on the Semyonovskaya heights. Barclay countered by moving the Prussian General

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defenders. The Russian center was defended by the Raevsky Redoubt, a massive open-backed earthwork mounting nineteen 12-pounder cannons which had a clear field of fire all the way to the banks of the Kolocha stream.

1405:. After the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon remained on the battlefield with his army; the Imperial Russian forces retreated in an orderly fashion southwards. Because the Imperial Russian army had severely weakened the 2686:, in which both of the sides sustained terrible losses but neither could achieve their tactical goals, and the battle itself did not have a clear result, although both sides claimed the battle as their own victory. 2406:

village. In a heated debate that split the council five to four in favour of giving battle, Kutuzov, after listening to each General, endorsed retreat. Thus passed the last chance of battle before Moscow was taken.

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and vulnerable, so the Russian line was moved back from this position, but the Redoubt remained manned, Kutuzov stating that the fortification was manned simply to delay the advance of the French forces. Historian

2379:(in an account dripping with sarcasm), the commander was found a half-hour away on the road to Moscow, encamped with an entourage of young nobles and grandly pronouncing he would drive Napoleon off the next day. 2698:

arrival of reinforcements – the French Army only possessed a maximum of 95,000 men, who would be ill-equipped to win a battle due to a lack of supplies and ammunition. The main part of the

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The fighting involved around 250,000 troops and left at least 68,000 killed and wounded, making Borodino the deadliest single-day-battle of the Napoleonic Wars and one of the bloodiest single-day battles in

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for a single day of battle, while the Russian figures are for the 5th and the 7th, combined. Using the same accounting method for both armies brings the actual French Army casualty count to 34,000–35,000.

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Kutuzov ordered Yermolov to take action; the general brought forward three horse artillery batteries that began to blast the open-ended redoubt, while the 3rd Battalion of the Ufa Regiment and two

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This counter-punch drove Murat to seek the cover of allied Württemberger infantry. Barclay's reinforcements, however, were sent into the fray only to be torn to pieces by French artillery, leaving

1690:, which consisted of 30 infantry battalions, 27 cavalry squadrons and 109 artillery pieces – a total of 18,500 troops – never committed to action. 1913:

arrived to replace him, only to find Davout alive and leading the 57th forward again. Rapp then led the 61st Line Regiment forward when he was wounded (for the 22nd time in his career).

2306:, commander of the Guard cavalry, who was one of the very few senior generals to strongly advise against the intervention of the Guard. As the general staff were discussing the matter, General 5338:"Invincible Napoleon – the memory of the participant in the battle of Borodino, Emperor Napoleon I in the names of the ships. On the 200th anniversary of the death of theemperor of the french" 5342:

Patriotic War of 1812 About the Liberation Campaigns of the Russian Army of 1813–1814. Sources. Monuments. Problems. Materials of the XXIII International Scientific Conference, 3–5 September

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Patriotic War of 1812 About the Liberation Campaigns of the Russian Army of 1813–1814. Sources. Monuments. Problems. Materials of the XXIII International Scientific Conference, 3–5 September

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both noted that the poor positioning of the Russian troops had particularly hobbled the defense. Barclay communicated with Kutuzov in order to receive further instructions. According to

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Grenadier Division in line backing it with the 3rd division in battalion columns. Some four regiments were called away to help defend the redoubts that were under attack and another two

2241:, capturing them with their first attempt. Tuchkov later ejected the French forces from mound and village by 08:00, and was mortally wounded while leading this counter-attack. General 1304: 2020:. However, the advancing columns rapidly lost their cohesion; shortly after clearing Borodino, they faced fresh Russian assault columns and retreated back to the village. General 1931:

battalions and twenty-four 12-pounder cannon at their best pace to bolster Semyаnovskaya. Colonel Toll and Kutuzov moved the Guard Reserve units forward as early as 09:00 hours.

1429:, has been widely criticised by historians as a huge blunder, as it allowed the Imperial Russian army to continue its retreat into territory increasingly hostile to the French. 3063:, interrogated Schmidt, the latter, "thanks to his extraordinary memory… calculated all the losses wounded and killed, which suffered this army in all the battles preceding the 2250:

greatly hindered Poniatowski's efforts but eventually he came near to cutting off the Russian left from the rest of the Russian forces. General Barclay sent help in the form of

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cavalry commanders tried to break what French infantry they could find in the vicinity. Having no infantry of their own, the poorly coordinated Russian attacks came to nothing.

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reinforcements to depleted regular infantry battalions. Of the 637 Russian artillery pieces, 300 were held in reserve and many of these were never committed to the battle.

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and Morand's divisions then advanced together with furious artillery support. The redoubt changed hands as Barclay was forced to personally rally Paskevitch's routed regiment.

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Unable to achieve much else, Platov and Uvarov moved back to their own lines and the action was perceived as a failure by both Kutuzov and the Russian General Staff (chief –9

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Muzyka: Bitwa pod Możajskiem (Borodino), Karol Kurpiński – Muzyka: Kurpiński – Możajsk 1812. Galop koni, brzęk szabel, salwy armatnie – Muzyka – Wiedza – Historian: Poszukaj

2739: 2086:". During the height of the battle, Kutuzov's subordinates were making all of the tactical decisions for him; according to Colonel Carl von Clausewitz, famous for his work 8031: 1881:

The battle began at 06:00 with the opening of the 102-gun French grand battery against the Russian center. Davout sent Compans's Division against the southernmost of the

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headquarters, he certainly should have known about this fact, as Vasilyev observes. And as M. Kazantsev pointed out, using Vasilyev's findings, this figure (58,478) is "

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and, in Alexey Vasilyev's view, Ségur's desire to honour France's new masters is palpable, despite the fact that this information is "not without reputed objectivity".

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regiments brought up by Barclay rushed in with the bayonet to eliminate Bonami's Brigade. The Russian reinforcements' assault returned the redoubt to Russian control.

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A commemorative one-ruble coin was released in the Soviet Union in 1987 to commemorate the 175th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, and four million were minted.

1049: 1436:. Napoleon himself summed up the battle and its ambiguous outcome, writing, "The French showed themselves worthy of victory and the Russians of being invincible." 4839:

Napoleon; a History of the Art of War: From the beginning of the Peninsular war to the end of the Russian campaign, with a detailed account of the Napoleonic wars

4599: 2008:'s cavalry corps clash with Russian cuirassiers. The rise of Raevsky redoubt is on the right, the steeple of Borodino church in the background. Detail from the 2254:

with Konovnitsyn in support. Baggovut took command of the Russian left flank in place of the wounded Tuchkov. Any hope of real progress by the Poles was lost.

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calls Borodino 'a draw' but believes that posterity proved Napoleon right in his decision to not commit the Guard so far away from his homeland. According to

2191:!" But the French troops approached too close for the cannons to fire, and the cannoneers fought a pitched close-order defence against the attackers. General 2423:

in North America, while the Battle of Borodino offers its own particular challenges to accuracy. It has been repeatedly subjected to overtly political uses.

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and instructed him to guard the field of battle without moving forward or backward, while at the same time unleashing a massive cannonade with his 400 guns.

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French forces included 214 battalions of infantry, 317 squadrons of cavalry and 587 artillery pieces totaling 128,000 troops. However, the French

6100: 3075:, allegedly lost in this battle 5,095 people. In fact, this corps could not have taken part in the Battle of Borodino, as at that time it was operating in 2393:

Kutuzov would proclaim over the course of several days that the Russian Army would fight again before the walls of Moscow. In fact, a site was chosen near

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A series of reforms to the Russian army had begun in 1802, creating regiments of three battalions, each battalion having four companies. The defeats of

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artillery. Sorbier brought forth 36 artillery pieces from the Imperial Guard Artillery Park and also took command of 49 horse artillery pieces from

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of his contemporaries and fellow Russian generals, far more complex and often described in less than flattering terms. Noted author and historian

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Borodino represented the last Russian effort at stopping the French advance on Moscow, which fell a week later. At this crucial juncture, Murat's

7981: 7954: 2613:. Also, the city was actually used as bait to lure and trap the French forces. When Napoleon and his men visited the city, he found that it was 812: 2128:

and no infantry support. As Uvarov moved southwest and south and Platov moved west, they eventually arrived in the undefended rear of Viceroy

8026: 3091:

far from the truth" and "a figment of Schmidt's imagination"; it is "most likely that the French actually lost about 30,000 men on the day".

2072: 1832: 1570: 7652: 5672:

The celebration of the centennial anniversary of Victory in the Patriotic war of 1812. Emperor Nicholas II on Borodinsky celebrations 1912.

2056: 5969: 1569:' Fourth Corps arrived, threatening his flank. The Russians withdrew to the Shevardino Redoubt, where a pitched battle ensued. Murat led 448: 3099:

estimated French losses from 5 to 7 September at 38,500 men, – appropriately, losses also beyond the Borodino battle itself and include

3055:

information, who in October 1812 defected to the Russians and pretended to be a major, allegedly serving in the personal chancellery of

5703: 5897: 2520: 2457: 5917: 5777: 3140:. Shvedov's research notes the imperfections in Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky's estimate, for example, this estimate erroneously omits the 2132:'s IV Corps. This was towards midday, just as the Viceroy was getting his orders to conduct another assault on the Raevski redoubt. 7562: 5681: 791: 2690:

over a long road lined with hostile forces. According to Riehn, so long as the Russian Army existed the French continued to lose.

775: 7924: 7582: 5959: 3047:

the figure of 58,478 French casualties is very often found. It was calculated on the basis of data published in 1813 by order of

2913:; and one ship each in honor of the officers of the Marine Guards crew I. P. Kartsov, N. P. Rimsky-Korsakov and M. N. Lermontov; 2224:

had some 23,000 troops but half were untrained Opolchenye (militia) armed only with pikes and axes and not ready for deployment.

2187:

The Russians sent Likhachov's 24th Division into the battle, who fought bravely under Likhachov's motto: "Brothers, behind us is

2785:

composed his "Grand Symphony Imagining a Battle", also known as "The Battle of Mozhaysk Symphony" to commemorate the Battle.

2499:

lost 1,928 officers dead and wounded, including 49 generals. The list of slain included French Generals of Division

7782: 7682: 7602: 5640: 5450: 5427: 5408: 5361: 5294: 5153: 5113: 5013: 4994: 4953: 4922: 4878: 4789: 4766: 2939: 2331: 700: 419: 7487: 5671: 2606: 2500: 2192: 1464: 399: 5507: 8006: 7577: 6019: 5718: 2468: 1606: 7215: 1878:

were supported by artillery from the village of Semyanovskaya, whose elevation dominated the other side of the Kolocha.

1781:

therefore was just about 8 kilometres (5 mi) long with about 80,000 of the 1st Army on the right and 34,000 of the

7858: 6459: 5877: 5676: 5591: 5313: 5265: 4847: 4740: 4475: 4450: 4425: 4400: 4375: 2639: 2152: 1432:

Approximately a quarter of a million soldiers were involved in the battle, and it was the bloodiest single day of the

8046: 8021: 8016: 7777: 7772: 7757: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7597: 7572: 7200: 6029: 5617: 5524: 5213: 4972: 3137: 2076: 2005: 115: 5164: 2415:

It is not unusual for a pivotal battle of this era to be difficult to document. Similar difficulties exist with the

1872:

open to the ground, making them easy to enter, and that they were much too wide, exposing infantry inside them. The

7787: 7642: 7622: 6131: 2532: 1394: 550: 7647: 5902: 5660: 3029: 2272: 1992:

subordinates reinforcements. He was hesitant to release his last reserve, the Imperial Guard, so far from France.

1638:

led to important additional reforms, though continuous fighting in the course of three wars with France, two with

7863: 7692: 7567: 6923: 6328: 5228: 2147:'s 2nd Army and send reinforcements to the front line. Meanwhile, the retreat of Viceroy Eugène's Corps had left 2016:

Prince Eugène de Beauharnais advanced his corps against Borodino, rushing the village and capturing it from the

1922:. Prince Bagration quickly led a counterattack that threw the French out of the positions, only to have Marshal 1650:

Russian forces present at the battle included 180 infantry battalions, 164 cavalry squadrons, 20

8051: 7903: 7587: 7532: 7527: 6883: 6761: 6404: 6282: 6105: 5556: 2846:

are preserved; a modest monument has been constructed in honour of the French soldiers who fell in the battle.

1853:

The initial French attack was aimed at seizing the three Russian positions collectively known as the Bagration

229: 7969: 3452: 7959: 7929: 6590: 5882: 5770: 5126:

Tableaux par corps et par batailles des officiers tues et blesses pendant les guerres de l'Empire (1805–1815)

5080: 3038: 2914: 2833:

In Russia, the Battle of Borodino is reenacted yearly on the first Sunday of September and commemorated as a

2750: 1892: 1398: 1356: 217: 90: 84: 7537: 7270: 7169: 6837: 7949: 7687: 6862: 6610: 6525: 6237: 5949: 5165:"Peter Bagration: The Best Georgian General of the Napoleonic Wars: Chapter 12: Borodino – the Final Glory" 4934:

The encyclopedia of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: a political, social, and military history

2875: 2864: 2671: 2547:

bringing the total Russian losses to 44,000. Twenty-two Russian generals were killed or wounded, including

2079:'s IV Cavalry Corps, as well as of Viceroy Eugène's own artillery, opening up a massive artillery barrage. 1835:'s heavy cavalry attacks squares of Russian guardsmen to the left of Semyanovskaya (background) to support 4334:

The Battle of Borodino: The History and Legacy of Napoleon's Pyrrhic Victory during the Invasion of Russia

2486:

The casualties of the battle were staggering: according to French General Staff Inspector P. Denniee, the

2181: 6988: 6690: 6424: 6378: 6373: 6146: 6090: 5805: 5747: 3064: 2803: 2694: 2587: 2295: 2275:

who wrote an account of the campaign, told him that the Russian line had been breached, that the road to

2177: 2068: 1888: 1687: 1426: 1414: 1233: 1145: 957: 6302: 3068: 2064: 1906: 1483:, the Tsar replaced the unpopular Barclay de Tolly with Kutuzov, who on 18 August took over the army at 1077: 8041: 7934: 7745: 7627: 7361: 6766: 6650: 6353: 6085: 5907: 5833: 5819: 5798: 5282: 2918: 2140: 2050:

French and Russian cavalry clash behind the Raevsky redoubt. Details from Roubaud's panoramic painting.

1555: 1070: 1007: 628: 7667: 7492: 7059: 5232:. Vol. II: Алексинский – Бестужев-Рюмин. Saint Petersburg: Типография Главного Управления Уделов. 2906: 2303: 368: 7828: 7497: 7290: 7069: 7013: 6963: 6842: 6595: 6575: 6419: 6368: 6343: 6272: 6252: 6171: 6072: 5826: 5460: 2480: 1480: 1450: 1402: 1360: 1260: 1216: 1063: 982: 915: 836: 44: 20: 7084: 6715: 6695: 6505: 6191: 5927: 5677:

The Battle of Borodino, situation at 12.30 p.m. Visual tour of Borodino Panorama by Franz A. Roubaud

5540: 4443:

The Campaigns of 1812 in Russia: A Prussian Officer's Account From the Russian Imperial Headquarters

2516: 2512: 2082:

When Barclay brought up troops against an attacking French brigade, he described it as "a walk into

270: 64: 7823: 7607: 7447: 7265: 7064: 7008: 7003: 6938: 6867: 6735: 6635: 6474: 6414: 6262: 5763: 5502: 5372: 3456: 3056: 2902: 2770: 2528: 2291: 2268: 2251: 1425:

to completely destroy the Imperial Russian army, in particular Napoleon's reluctance to deploy his

1277: 977: 885: 640: 356: 27: 7522: 7195: 6530: 2129: 1566: 469: 7873: 7542: 7396: 6968: 6888: 6776: 6645: 6630: 6565: 6560: 6333: 6267: 6161: 6044: 4348: 3179: 2989: 2834: 2284: 2105: 2031: 2017: 930: 920: 910: 850: 7848: 7134: 7099: 6186: 2524: 2322:

reserve so far away from France, Napoleon rejected another such request, this time from Marshal

8056: 7908: 7868: 7853: 7833: 7808: 7662: 7406: 7321: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7255: 7245: 7149: 7104: 7089: 6620: 6338: 6242: 6217: 6176: 6126: 6110: 5183: 4941: 4833: 2327: 2208: 2027: 1578: 7813: 6500: 3129:

are not given and, in addition, it is incomplete data also due to lack of information on some

2184:'s light cavalry division on their left and the II Reserve Cavalry Corps on their right. 7612: 7512: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7316: 7205: 7129: 7119: 6953: 6893: 6822: 6655: 6605: 6540: 6535: 6212: 6039: 5922: 5141: 4803: 2668: 2618: 2614: 2591: 2504: 2372: 2288: 2148: 2021: 1777: 1574: 1390: 1374: 583: 256: 6545: 6141: 5700: 5695: 5124: 2063:

in his defense of the redoubt. The French responded to this move by sending forward General

7893: 7843: 7457: 7346: 7336: 7311: 7210: 7144: 6958: 6948: 6928: 6908: 6817: 6797: 6675: 6469: 6394: 6196: 5325:"The historical memory about the participants of the Borodino battle in the names of ships" 3100: 2926: 2704:

suffered more than 90,000 casualties by the time of the Moscow retreat (see Minard's map);

2664: 2508: 2318:

to the Emperor, was being brought from the field of battle, having been wounded in action.

2203: 2060: 1665: 1627: 1582: 1536: 1162: 1118: 935: 905: 890: 870: 865: 855: 664: 518: 380: 299: 7517: 6771: 6640: 6580: 6479: 6409: 2000: 1828: 1817: 1799: 1586: 1520: 494: 8: 7898: 7677: 7672: 7401: 7351: 7235: 7220: 7124: 7018: 6918: 6832: 6720: 6680: 6600: 6570: 6550: 6484: 6449: 6399: 6363: 6358: 6318: 6181: 6166: 6151: 6136: 6095: 5872: 5223: 4799: 3141: 2959: 2830:

in Moscow to mark the 150th anniversary of the event in 1962 by Soviet authorities.

2603: 2376: 2362: 2176:

At 14:00, Napoleon renewed the assault against the redoubt, as Broussier's, Morand's and

1782: 1760: 1635: 1504: 1484: 1037: 1022: 1017: 987: 191: 7139: 6434: 6429: 6277: 5666: 4709: 7944: 7939: 7883: 7838: 7767: 7637: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7386: 7326: 7174: 7094: 7054: 7038: 7028: 6998: 6973: 6933: 6903: 6857: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6585: 6520: 6292: 6257: 6232: 6034: 5984: 5934: 5912: 5892: 5887: 5061: 3060: 2643: 2561: 2432: 2416: 2242: 1551: 1199: 1043: 1012: 1002: 972: 925: 875: 506: 243: 6730: 6660: 6625: 6615: 5287:

Napoleon and Wellington: the Battle of Waterloo and the great commanders who fought it

4368:

Borodino Field 1812 and 1941: How Napoleon and Hitler Met Their Matches Outside Moscow

2782: 2617:

and abandoned upon his arrival. While Napoleon was in Moscow, he sent a letter to the

1804: 1496: 7295: 7260: 7230: 7190: 7164: 7154: 7109: 7079: 7033: 6978: 6898: 6847: 6827: 6812: 6802: 6781: 6725: 6685: 6510: 6444: 6439: 6297: 6227: 6080: 5999: 5994: 5731: 5636: 5613: 5587: 5581: 5565: 5545: 5446: 5423: 5404: 5357: 5309: 5290: 5261: 5209: 5149: 5109: 5065: 5053: 5009: 4990: 4968: 4949: 4918: 4874: 4866: 4843: 4837: 4785: 4762: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4471: 4446: 4421: 4396: 4371: 3623:

Nguyễn Thị Thư; Lê Phụng Hoàng (1997). "Chapter IV: Cutudốp". In Lê Vinh Quốc (ed.).

3048: 2810: 2799: 2679: 2631: 2627: 2536: 2441: 2355: 2354:, when Kutuzov decided that the Russian army had to retreat from Moscow. Painting by 1896: 1841: 1032: 1027: 962: 384: 284: 6751: 2294:

also joined in and told the Emperor that everyone thought the time had come for the

7818: 7702: 7502: 7341: 7240: 7225: 7074: 7023: 6943: 6852: 6807: 6756: 6670: 6555: 6464: 6454: 6348: 6287: 6049: 5464: 5349: 5324: 5045: 3122: 2974: 2683: 2622: 2548: 2476: 2399: 2164: 1905:) forward until he had his horse shot from under him; he fell so hard that General 1681: 1677: 1473: 1378: 1347: 992: 900: 895: 880: 676: 612: 595: 567: 403: 7592: 1660: 455: 7697: 7632: 7617: 7507: 7391: 7381: 7356: 7331: 7159: 6993: 6515: 6323: 6247: 6222: 5974: 5862: 5786: 5707: 5701:

Russian Army, Battle of Borodino, 5–7 September 1812 (George Nafziger collection)

5690: 5255: 5179: 4777: 3190: 2984: 2922: 2890: 2882: 2827: 2815: 2705: 2655: 2403: 2394: 2351: 2221: 2144: 1673: 1631: 1543: 1524: 1516: 1469: 1433: 1386: 652: 608: 563: 537: 205: 7964: 5696:

French Army, Battle of Borodino, 5–7 September 1812 (George Nafziger collection)

3209:

Napoleon was in the habit of issuing regular bulletins describing his campaigns.

3082: 2597: 1367: 7976: 7888: 7878: 7411: 7250: 7114: 6913: 6665: 6009: 5989: 5979: 5939: 5812: 4982: 4644: 2969: 2568: 2264: 1669: 1643: 1619: 860: 318: 109: 6024: 4468:

Polish Eyewitnesses to Napoleon's 1812 Campaign: Advance and Retreat in Russia

3037:

that the French lost around 40,000 men killed and wounded, but it was written

8000: 7452: 6156: 6014: 5944: 5577: 5569: 5101: 5057: 4701:

The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It

2949: 2898: 2886: 2856: 2823: 2794: 2775: 2758: 2693:

This victory of Napoleon was not decisive, but it allowed the French emperor

2196: 2116: 1861:, three arrowhead-shaped, open-backed earthworks which arced out to the left 1846: 1562: 688: 482: 130: 117: 4600:"Muzyka: Kurpiński – Możajsk 1812. Galop koni, brzęk szabel, salwy armatnie" 2626:

fleeing, the Imperial Russian army launched a massive attack on the French.

1593:

The left flank of the Russian position was thus ripe for a flanking attack.

804: 6004: 5840: 5656: 3196: 3130: 3072: 2964: 2954: 2853: 2659: 2313: 2238: 1985: 1764: 5494:Фельдмаршал Кутузов: Мифы и Факты (Field Marshal Kutuzov: Myths and Facts) 5094:О потерях Российской армии в сражении при Бородино 24–26 августа 1812 года 2881:), and many others after participants in the battle: 24 ships in honor of 1741: 1727: 1713: 1417:, using the city as bait to trap Napoleon and his men. The failure of the 52: 7792: 7762: 7750: 7707: 7462: 5476: 5396: 4906: 2789: 2717: 2675: 2552: 2420: 2280: 2247: 2112: 2100: 4911: 7477: 5049: 2910: 2713: 2556: 2323: 2169: 1968: 1923: 1836: 1809: 1488:

another retreat eastwards but a search for a battleground eastwards to

431: 343: 26:

For the World War II battle that was part of the Battle of Moscow, see

5033: 2271:

rode straight to the Emperor's Headquarters and, according to General

5635:] (in Russian). Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library. 5246: 2979: 2709: 2635: 2307: 2237:

The Polish contingent contested control of Utitsa village and Utitsa

2234:

regiments were deployed in the Utitsa woods, weakening the position.

2046: 1964: 1948:(which can be seen from the rear in the background). Detail from the 1939: 1928: 1910: 1869: 1611: 1585:'s First Infantry Corps against the redoubt. Simultaneously, Prince 1476:

by retreating further eastwards into Russia without giving battle.

7442: 4965:

The Mind of Napoleon, A Selection from His Written and Spoken Words

3076: 2894: 2383:

French forces to move even further from their bases of supply. The

2276: 1382: 5755: 4508: 3337: 1934: 4659: 3126: 3034: 1651: 1489: 1519:) in the center-right of the line and three open, arrow-shaped " 1511:

Kutuzov's army established a defensive line near the village of

5713: 4218: 2860: 2763: 2367: 2346: 2188: 2088: 1639: 4556: 1963:

to attack Bagration's infantry, but was confronted by General

5683:

The battle of Borodino reconstruction. 195 Anniversary Photos

5610:Битва при Москве-реке: Армия Наполеона в Бородинском сражении 4076: 4074: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4005: 4003: 1856: 1672:, and losing the many French veterans in battles such as the 1622:, 1843. In the center it shows Bagration after being wounded. 1460: 1459:

began his invasion of Russia on 24 June 1812 by crossing the

5541:"Лукавая цифирь авантюриста. Потери подлинные и придуманные" 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 3748: 3746: 3721: 3719: 3691: 3689: 3676: 3674: 3622: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3276: 3274: 2024:

was posted to Borodino to prevent the Russians retaking it.

1891:'s Division echeloned out to the left. They were opposed by 5034:"The Battle of Borodino: Napoleon Against Kutuzov (review)" 2826:

for the centenary of Borodino in 1912 and installed on the

2156:

later decision not to commit his Imperial Guard to battle.

2083: 4302: 4290: 4194: 4113: 4071: 4042: 4030: 4000: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3370: 3368: 3353: 5389:Численность и потери русской армии в Бородинском сражении 4158: 4125: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3743: 3716: 3686: 3671: 3647: 3635: 3584: 3313: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3257: 2754:

Historical reenactment of 1812 battle near Borodino, 2011

2257: 4665: 4580: 4256: 4254: 4182: 3964: 3952: 3867: 2654:

Most scholars and contemporaries describe Borodino as a

4617: 4314: 4206: 4091: 4089: 4020: 4018: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3911: 3909: 3896: 3894: 3857: 3855: 3837: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3706: 3704: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3365: 2822:

A huge panorama representing the battle was painted by

2642:

weakened the French army at its most vulnerable point:

2449:

artillery pieces standing silent on the Russian right.

1995: 5185:

Northern Campaigns Vol.2: Bulletins del la Grand Armee

4236:

Andrew Roberts "Napoleon", p. 604 of paperback version

4146: 4059: 3291: 3289: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3227: 3225: 3025:: 10,000 (a propaganda embellishment, as per Napoleon) 1603:

Estimates of opposing forces in the Battle of Borodino

5554:

White, Peter T. (June 1986). "The World of Tolstoy".

4859:

Napoleon; a History of the Art of War: Great captains

4568: 4251: 4170: 3325: 3301: 3184: 3051:. The calculations are based on the Swiss adventurer 2180:'s divisions launched a massive frontal attack, with 2095: 5420:

Charge! Great Cavalry Charges of the Napoleonic Wars

5243:История военного искусства (History of Military Art) 4677: 4544: 4520: 4496: 4484: 4278: 4266: 4101: 4086: 4015: 3988: 3976: 3940: 3921: 3906: 3891: 3879: 3852: 3806: 3794: 3731: 3701: 3563: 3546: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3462: 3422: 2555:

compared the carnage at Borodino to "a fully-loaded

2551:, who died of his wounds on 24 September. Historian 8032:

Battles involving the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

5025:О тактическом плане Кутузова в Бородинском сражении 4532: 4239: 3286: 3237: 3222: 2630:was used by Kutuzov by burning Moscow's resources, 5006:Borodino: The Moskova. The Battle for the Redoubts 4910: 3659: 3631:] (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City: Giáo dục. 3474: 3400: 3398: 2870:Since May 1813, at least 29 ships have been named 2867:in 1977, was named after the village of Borodino. 2634:by the Cossacks against any kind of transport and 2159: 1974:The French carried out seven assaults against the 4466:Lalowski, Marek Tadeusz; North, Jonathan (2020). 3410: 2211:, which charged and repelled the French assault. 1916:By 07:30, Davout had gained control of the three 7998: 5483:. Garden City: International Collectors Library. 5146:The Battle of Borodino: Napoleon Against Kutuzov 4775: 2945:List of battles of the French invasion of Russia 2682:, the battle of Borodino could be seen as a new 1444: 16:1812 battle during the French invasion of Russia 7955:England expects that every man will do his duty 5612:(in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Рейттаръ. 4940: 4390: 3629:Characters of Modern History, Volume II: Russia 3395: 3385: 3383: 1561:The conflict began on September 5 when Marshal 19:"Borodino" redirects here. For other uses, see 4931: 4562: 4440: 4415: 2365:, the Prussian historian and future author of 2111:On the morning of the battle at around 07:30, 1463:. As his Russian army was outnumbered by far, 5771: 4465: 3172: 1971:Division supported by Neverovsky's infantry. 834: 820: 261: 4987:How Far from Austerlitz?: Napoleon 1805–1815 4899:Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power 1799–1815 3380: 3080: 2841: 2699: 2595: 2494: 2487: 2462: 2384: 2311: 2229: 2038: 1975: 1958: 1943: 1917: 1900: 1882: 1873: 1862: 1854: 1790: 1419: 1407: 1365: 62: 5356:(5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. 5162: 5140: 4948:. Osprey Publishing; Campaign Series #246. 4308: 4296: 4224: 4200: 4164: 4140: 4119: 4080: 4036: 4009: 3846: 3831: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3725: 3695: 3680: 3653: 3641: 3595: 3280: 2326:. Instead, he called the commander of the " 1819: 5778: 5764: 5208:. Tallandier, Bibliothèque Napoléonienne. 5178: 5003: 4798: 4660:Добро пожаловать на сервер "Монетный двор" 4514: 4188: 3873: 1668:due to spending military resources in the 827: 813: 782: 5222: 5122: 5079: 5022: 4260: 3958: 3625:Các nhân vật Lịch sử Cận đại, Tập II: Nga 3343: 2840:On the battlefield itself, the Bagration 756:40,000–53,000 killed, wounded or captured 744:28,000–35,000 killed, wounded or captured 385: 234: 8037:Battles of the French invasion of Russia 8012:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe 5626: 5576: 5538: 5525:"delaying operation (US DoD Definition)" 5500: 5491: 5348: 4756: 4725: 4707: 4671: 4586: 4320: 4212: 4152: 3374: 3347: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3295: 3265: 2757: 2749: 2456: 2345: 2163: 2099: 2045: 2004:Saxon cuirassiers and Polish lancers of 1999: 1981:observe Duka's decisive cavalry attack. 1933: 1827: 1816:The first area of operations was on the 1803: 1610: 1495: 309: 275: 182: 5667:Borodino: maps, diagrams, illustrations 5607: 5475: 5440: 5401:The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book 5335: 5322: 5303: 5281: 5257:1812 : Napoleon's Russian campaign 5203: 5100: 4967:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4823: 4683: 4623: 4365: 4349:"10 Facts About the Battle of Borodino" 4245: 4065: 4053: 3359: 2521:Léonard Jean Aubry Huard de Saint-Aubin 2104:General Uvarov behind French lines, by 1530: 290: 7999: 6101:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 5522: 5459: 5206:Dictionnaire des batailles de Napoléon 4962: 4946:Borodino 1812; Napoleon's great gamble 4393:Borodino 1812: Napoleon's great gamble 4346: 4176: 3665: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3480: 3121:39,312 (5–7 September); casualties of 2258:Napoleon's refusal to commit the Guard 1788: 1577:'s Second Cavalry Corps, supported by 613: 568: 7783:Spanish American wars of independence 5759: 5553: 5417: 5395: 5370: 5253: 5240: 5031: 5008:. Paris: Histoire & Collections. 4981: 4896: 4887: 4865: 4856: 4832: 4574: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4502: 4490: 4284: 4272: 4107: 4095: 4024: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3946: 3934: 3915: 3900: 3885: 3861: 3819: 3800: 3737: 3710: 3578: 3557: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3468: 3435: 3416: 3248: 3231: 2940:Military career of Napoleon Bonaparte 2788:The battle was famously described by 2602:to such an extent that it caused the 1957:advanced with his cavalry around the 1346: 808: 8027:Battles involving the Russian Empire 4905: 4890:Frederick the Great: A Military Life 4698: 3144:'s losses in the December statement. 3001: 2813:romanticized the battle in his poem 2580: 2501:Auguste-Jean-Gabriel de Caulaincourt 2337: 1996:First attacks on the Raevsky redoubt 1465:Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly 731: 720: 58:Battle of Moscow, 7th September 1812 7768:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 5785: 5583:Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March 5501:Troitsky, N. A. (7 February 2024). 5386: 5108:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 3601: 3404: 2469:Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur 2350:M. I. Kutuzov and his staff in the 1607:Russian Army order of battle (1812) 1401:17 August] 1812 after the 13: 5032:Kuehn, John T. (26 October 2008). 4711:Histoire de l'expédition de Russie 3079:. If Schmidt really served in the 2804:film adaptation of Tolstoy's novel 2649: 2638:by the peasants against foraging. 2096:Cossack raid on the northern flank 1664:military was in decline since the 1596: 1550:The Chief of Staff of the Russian 1501:Napoleon I on the Borodino Heights 14: 8068: 5650: 4873:. London: Cassell & Company. 4826:Itineraire de l'Empereur Napoleon 4761:. Ware, UK: Wordsworth Editions. 4759:Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars 4366:Kershaw, Robert (20 April 2021). 3138:Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky 2410: 1351:) took place near the village of 7643:Frederick William III of Prussia 7623:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 5712: 5657:First-hand account of the battle 5354:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names 5091: 4932:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2006). 4861:. Houghton, Mifflin and company. 4857:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault (1907). 4703:. Houghton, Mifflin and company. 4653: 4638: 4629: 4592: 4391:Haythornthwaite, Philip (2012). 3389: 2731: 2533:Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne 2467:on the Kolocha river bridge, by 2172:charge into the Raevsky redoubt. 1753:(by West Point Military Academy) 1740: 1726: 1712: 1381:and suffered tremendous losses. 1359:26 August] 1812 during 1276: 1259: 1232: 1215: 1198: 1161: 1144: 1117: 1083: 1076: 1069: 781: 774: 694: 682: 670: 658: 646: 634: 622: 602: 589: 577: 557: 544: 530: 512: 500: 488: 476: 463: 454: 437: 425: 413: 393: 374: 362: 350: 336: 311: 292: 277: 263: 250: 236: 223: 211: 199: 184: 51: 7763:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 7693:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 5633:The history of the Russian Army 5229:Russian Biographical Dictionary 5038:The Journal of Military History 4963:Herold, J. Christopher (1969). 4692: 4459: 4434: 4409: 4384: 4359: 4340: 4326: 4230: 3441: 3203: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3115: 3106: 3008: 2160:Final attack on Raevsky redoubt 762: 750: 7678:Prince Regent John of Portugal 7588:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 7533:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 7528:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 4418:The Campaign Of 1812 In Russia 4347:Atkins, Harry (July 2, 2018). 1909:reported him as dead. General 151: 1: 7703:Prince Charles John of Sweden 5661:Louis-François, Baron Lejeune 5308:. National Geographic Books. 4784:. Novato CA: Presidio Press. 4782:Napoleon's Invasion of Russia 4441:von Clausewitz, Carl (2016). 4416:von Clausewitz, Carl (1995). 2996: 2901:, two ships each in honor of 2452: 2059:over to the right to support 1445:Napoleon's invasion of Russia 1439: 1361:Napoleon's invasion of Russia 4871:Borodino and the War of 1812 4708:Chambray, George de (1823). 3216: 3059:. According to the official 2865:Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh 2672:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 2590:; the fierce defense of the 2575: 1938:Ney's infantry push Russian 7: 5748:French occupation of Moscow 5627:Егоршина, Петрова (2023). 5503:"Бородинское сражение 1812" 5422:. London: Greenhill Books. 5403:. London: Greenhill Books. 5148:. London: Pen & Sword. 5023:Kazantsev, Mikhail (1999), 4888:Duffy, Christopher (1985). 4757:Chandler, David G. (1999). 4735:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 3185: 2932: 2893:, 33 ships in honor of the 2779:to commemorate the battle. 2766:commemorative coin, reverse 2298:to be committed to battle. 1839:'s attack. Detail from the 1698: 1573:'s First Cavalry Corps and 1415:French occupation of Moscow 1373:won the battle against the 164:French occupation of Moscow 10: 8073: 8007:1812 in the Russian Empire 7538:Frederick I of Württemberg 5908:Confederation of the Rhine 5608:Zemtsov, Vladimir (2001). 5508:Great Russian Encyclopedia 5492:Troitsky, Nikolai (2003). 5469:Military History Quarterly 5254:Riehn, Richard K. (1990). 4699:Bell, David Avrom (2007). 4470:. Pen and Sword Military. 1797: 1600: 1534: 1448: 25: 18: 7917: 7801: 7716: 7698:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 7688:William, Prince of Orange 7551: 7498:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 7431: 7424: 7304: 7183: 7047: 6876: 6790: 6744: 6493: 6387: 6311: 6205: 6119: 6071: 6062: 5958: 5859: 5850: 5827:French Invasion of Russia 5793: 5539:Vasilyev, Alexey (1992). 5241:Razin, Eugene A. (1966). 5004:Hourtoulle, F.G. (2000). 4732:The Campaigns of Napoleon 3173: 2897:, four ships in honor of 2724: 2667:-style defeat and quotes 2588:managed to capture Moscow 2481:First Battle of the Marne 2230: 2214: 2075:'s Ist Cavalry Corps and 2039: 1693: 1455:Napoleon with the French 1451:French invasion of Russia 1393:had appointed to replace 1355:on 7 September [ 1064:French invasion of Russia 846: 838:French invasion of Russia 769: 738: 709: 326: 172: 73: 50: 45:French invasion of Russia 42: 37: 21:Borodino (disambiguation) 8047:History of Moscow Oblast 8022:Battles involving Poland 8017:Battles involving France 7608:Archduke John of Austria 7603:Prince von Schwarzenberg 7448:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 5628: 5496:. Moscow: Центрполиграф. 5371:Ségur, Comte de (2004). 5336:Rychkov, S. Yu. (2020). 5323:Rychkov, S. Yu. (2019). 5304:Roberts, Andrew (2015). 4901:. Yale University Press. 4336:. Charles River Editors. 2925:, Marshal of the Empire 2903:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 2771:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 2529:Charles Stanislas Marion 2511:and Generals of Brigade 2292:Louis Alexandre Berthier 2269:Augustin Daniel Belliard 2252:Karl Gustav von Baggovut 28:Battle at Borodino Field 7543:Frederick VI of Denmark 7493:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 6283:Greater Poland uprising 6106:Duc d'Enghien Execution 5706:26 January 2017 at the 5204:Pigeard, Alain (2004). 4942:Haythornthwaite, Philip 4834:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault 3186:Borodínskoye srazhéniye 2990:Peter Ivanovich Ivelich 2907:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 2889:, 15 ships in honor of 2885:, 18 ships in honor of 2742:Franz Roubaud panorama 2721:made it a catastrophe. 2352:meeting at Fili village 2153:II French Cavalry Corps 2106:Auguste-Joseph Desarnod 1397:on 29 August [ 1385:fought against General 1377:, but failed to gain a 7663:Ferdinand VII of Spain 6111:Coronation of Napoleon 5441:Sokolov, Oleg (2005). 5289:. Simon and Schuster. 5142:Mikaberidze, Alexander 5123:Martinien, A. (1899). 5027:(in Russian), 1812 год 4897:Dwyer, Philip (2014). 3194: 3174:Бopoди́нcкoe cpaже́ниe 3081: 2874:after the battle (see 2842: 2835:Day of Military Honour 2767: 2755: 2700: 2596: 2517:François Auguste Damas 2513:Claude Antoine Compère 2495: 2488: 2471: 2463: 2385: 2359: 2312: 2173: 2108: 2051: 2013: 1976: 1959: 1953: 1944: 1918: 1901: 1883: 1874: 1863: 1855: 1850: 1820: 1813: 1791: 1623: 1508: 1420: 1408: 1366: 1344:Russian pronunciation: 795:Location within Europe 732:§ Opposing forces 721:§ Opposing forces 701:A. I. Osterman-Tolstoy 327:Commanders and leaders 65:Louis-François Lejeune 63: 8052:September 1812 events 7950:Conference of Dresden 7859:Paris (February 1812) 7788:Swedish–Norwegian War 7613:Alexander I of Russia 5663:a French aide-de-camp 5629:История русской армии 5418:Smith, Digby (2003). 4395:. Osprey Publishing. 4370:. The History Press. 3112:12 killed, 38 wounded 3045:in Russian literature 2761: 2753: 2592:Imperial Russian Army 2505:Louis-Pierre Montbrun 2461:Dead soldiers of the 2460: 2373:Alexander I of Russia 2349: 2209:Russian Guard Cavalry 2167: 2103: 2049: 2003: 1937: 1831: 1812:attacking at Borodino 1807: 1778:Karl Wilhelm von Toll 1747:Situation about 16:00 1733:Situation about 09:30 1719:Situation about 06:30 1647:French in 1805–1807. 1614: 1567:Eugène de Beauharnais 1499: 1391:Alexander I of Russia 1375:Imperial Russian Army 739:Casualties and losses 7904:Fontainebleau (1814) 7458:Louis-Nicolas Davout 6379:Invasion of Portugal 5721:at Wikimedia Commons 5445:. Éditions Commios. 5224:Polovtsov, Alexander 5163:Mikaberidze (2021). 5106:Napoleon for Dummies 4824:Denniee, P. (1842). 4800:Clausewitz, Carl von 4227:, pp. 198, 224. 3449:The Fox of the North 3162:4 killed, 23 wounded 3101:Battle of Shevardino 3065:occupation of Moscow 3043:As Vasilyev writes, 2927:Louis-Nicolas Davout 2876:List of ships named 2658:. Russian historian 2640:This kind of warfare 2621:who was residing in 2525:Jean Pierre Lanabère 2509:Jean Victor Tharreau 2018:Russian Guard Jägers 1706:Detailed battle maps 1666:Battle of Austerlitz 1583:Louis-Nicolas Davout 1537:Battle of Shevardino 1531:Battle of Shevardino 1348:[bərədʲɪˈno] 1332: Austrian corps 1320: Prussian corps 1314: current battle 792:class=notpageimage| 665:Mikhail Miloradovich 150:French victory (see 7930:Bourbon Restoration 7673:Maria I of Portugal 7658:Prince of Hohenlohe 7648:Gebhard von Blücher 6591:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 5898:Swiss Confederation 5741:Battle of Borodino 5557:National Geographic 5465:"Clausewitz at War" 5443:L'armée de Napoléon 4842:. Riverside Press. 4778:Nafziger, George F. 4635:White 1986, p. 764. 4563:Fremont-Barnes 2006 4445:. Frontline Books. 4056:, pp. 454–455. 3973:, pp. 122–129. 3362:, pp. 260–265. 3053:Alexander Schmidt's 3028:Napoleon's General 2960:Andrei Miloradovich 2609:'s force to become 2377:Ludwig von Wolzogen 2363:Carl von Clausewitz 2067:, commander of the 1761:Carl von Clausewitz 1505:Vasily Vereshchagin 1485:Tsaryovo-Zaymishche 1413:, they allowed the 1389:, whom the Emperor 629:L. A. von Bennigsen 127: / 7945:Continental System 7940:Congress of Erfurt 7864:Paris (March 1812) 7638:Peter Wittgenstein 7563:Duke of Wellington 7518:Prince Poniatowski 7483:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 7468:Auguste de Marmont 6863:Arroyo dos Molinos 6711:Walcheren Campaign 6701:Armistice of Znaim 6596:Dalmatian Campaign 6521:Tyrolean Rebellion 5719:Battle of Borodino 5689:2016-11-23 at the 5586:. Harper Collins. 5306:Napoleon the Great 5050:10.1353/jmh.0.0141 4867:Duffy, Christopher 4420:. Hachette Books. 3322:, pp. 69, 71. 3153:"40,000 to 50,000" 3061:Alexander Bulgakov 3039:under the Bourbons 2768: 2756: 2744:Battle of Borodino 2472: 2433:Ramses II of Egypt 2419:or battles of the 2417:Battle of Waterloo 2360: 2243:Jean-Andoche Junot 2174: 2109: 2052: 2014: 1954: 1851: 1814: 1624: 1616:Battle of Borodino 1509: 1481:Battle of Smolensk 1403:Battle of Smolensk 1340:Battle of Borodino 87:: 7 September 1812 38:Battle of Borodino 8042:Conflicts in 1812 7994: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7982:Types of military 7778:Russo-Turkish War 7773:Russo-Persian War 7741:Anglo-Turkish War 7736:Anglo-Swedish War 7731:Anglo-Spanish War 7726:Anglo-Russian War 7653:Duke of Brunswick 7556:political leaders 7436:political leaders 7420: 7419: 6425:Medina de Rioseco 6147:Haslach-Jungingen 6081:French Revolution 6058: 6057: 5841:Seventh Coalition 5754: 5753: 5744:Succeeded by 5732:Battle of Mesoten 5717:Media related to 5642:978-5-699-42397-2 5452:978-2-9518364-1-9 5429:978-1-85367-541-6 5410:978-1-85367-276-7 5363:978-3-540-00238-3 5350:Schmadel, Lutz D. 5296:978-0-7432-2832-9 5155:978-1-84884-404-9 5115:978-0-7645-9798-5 5081:Lindqvist, Herman 5015:978-2-908182-96-5 4996:978-0-312-18724-8 4955:978-1-84908-696-7 4924:978-0-517-55615-3 4880:978-0-304-35278-4 4791:978-0-89141-661-6 4776:Chandler, David; 4768:978-1-84022-203-6 3447:Roger Parkinson, 3183: 3069:7th (Saxon) Corps 3049:Fyodor Rostopchin 3023:Napoleon's report 3017:: 50,000–58,000; 3015:Some Russian data 3002:Explanatory notes 2811:Mikhail Lermontov 2800:Sergei Bondarchuk 2680:Christopher Duffy 2632:guerrilla warfare 2628:Attrition warfare 2581:Attrition warfare 2537:Jean Louis Romeuf 2442:David G. Chandler 2356:Aleksey Kivshenko 2338:End of the battle 2010:Borodino Panorama 1950:Borodino Panorama 1842:Borodino Panorama 1800:Bagration flèches 1642:and two with the 1587:Józef Poniatowski 1521:Bagration flèches 1058: 1057: 803: 802: 763:§ Casualties 751:§ Casualties 495:Józef Poniatowski 470:E. de Beauharnais 400:Jean Caulaincourt 168: 167: 131:55.517°N 35.817°E 8064: 7758:Dano-Swedish War 7746:Anglo-Danish War 7598:Archduke Charles 7513:Jérôme Bonaparte 7429: 7428: 7362:Castel di Sangro 7271:Fère-Champenoise 6924:García Hernández 6838:Fuentes de Oñoro 6354:Guttstadt-Deppen 6091:Second Coalition 6069: 6068: 6050:French Royalists 5857: 5856: 5806:Fourth Coalition 5780: 5773: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5728:Preceded by 5725: 5724: 5716: 5646: 5623: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5573: 5550: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5497: 5489: 5484: 5472: 5456: 5438: 5433: 5414: 5392: 5387:Shvedov, S. V., 5383: 5381: 5379: 5373:"Hike to Russia" 5367: 5345: 5332: 5319: 5300: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5250: 5238: 5233: 5219: 5201: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5180:Philippart, John 5175: 5173: 5171: 5159: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5119: 5097: 5088: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5044:(4): 1295–1296. 5028: 5019: 5000: 4978: 4959: 4937: 4928: 4916: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4862: 4853: 4829: 4821: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4795: 4772: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4704: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4309:Mikaberidze 2007 4306: 4300: 4297:Mikaberidze 2007 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225:Mikaberidze 2007 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4201:Mikaberidze 2007 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4165:Mikaberidze 2007 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4141:Mikaberidze 2007 4138: 4123: 4120:Mikaberidze 2007 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4084: 4081:Mikaberidze 2007 4078: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4040: 4037:Mikaberidze 2007 4034: 4028: 4022: 4013: 4010:Mikaberidze 2007 4007: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3919: 3913: 3904: 3898: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3850: 3847:Mikaberidze 2021 3844: 3835: 3832:Mikaberidze 2007 3829: 3823: 3817: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3789:Mikaberidze 2007 3786: 3780: 3777:Mikaberidze 2007 3774: 3768: 3765:Mikaberidze 2007 3762: 3756: 3753:Mikaberidze 2007 3750: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3726:Mikaberidze 2007 3723: 3714: 3708: 3699: 3696:Mikaberidze 2007 3693: 3684: 3681:Mikaberidze 2007 3678: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3654:Mikaberidze 2007 3651: 3645: 3642:Mikaberidze 2007 3639: 3633: 3632: 3620: 3599: 3596:Mikaberidze 2007 3593: 3582: 3576: 3561: 3555: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3378: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3284: 3281:Mikaberidze 2007 3278: 3269: 3263: 3252: 3246: 3235: 3229: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3123:irregular troops 3119: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3086: 3057:Marshal Berthier 3021:: circa 30,000; 3019:French documents 3012: 2975:Nikolay Bogdanov 2915:Prince Vorontsov 2859:, discovered by 2845: 2735: 2703: 2695:to occupy Moscow 2684:Battle of Torgau 2623:Saint Petersburg 2601: 2549:Prince Bagration 2498: 2491: 2477:military history 2466: 2400:Saint Petersburg 2388: 2317: 2233: 2232: 2077:La Tour Maubourg 2042: 2041: 1979: 1962: 1947: 1921: 1904: 1886: 1877: 1866: 1860: 1823: 1794: 1744: 1730: 1716: 1682:Battle of Wagram 1678:Battle of Aspern 1556:Aleksey Yermolov 1474:defence in depth 1423: 1411: 1395:Barclay de Tolly 1379:decisive victory 1371: 1350: 1345: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1306: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1086: 1080: 1073: 1008:Nowo Schwerschen 841: 839: 829: 822: 815: 806: 805: 785: 784: 778: 727:125,000–160,000 716:103,000–135,000 699: 698: 697: 687: 686: 685: 677:Dmitry Dokhturov 675: 674: 673: 663: 662: 661: 651: 650: 649: 639: 638: 637: 627: 626: 625: 618: 615: 607: 606: 605: 596:Aleksey Yermolov 594: 593: 592: 582: 581: 580: 573: 570: 562: 561: 560: 551:Barclay de Tolly 549: 548: 547: 535: 534: 533: 519:J. von Thielmann 517: 516: 515: 505: 504: 503: 493: 492: 491: 481: 480: 479: 472: 468: 467: 466: 458: 452: 442: 441: 440: 430: 429: 428: 418: 417: 416: 408: 398: 397: 396: 387: 379: 378: 377: 367: 366: 365: 355: 354: 353: 341: 340: 339: 321: 317: 315: 314: 302: 298: 296: 295: 287: 283: 281: 280: 273: 269: 267: 266: 255: 254: 253: 246: 242: 240: 239: 228: 227: 226: 216: 215: 214: 204: 203: 202: 194: 190: 188: 187: 152:§ Aftermath 142: 141: 139: 138: 137: 132: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 93:: 26 August 1812 75: 74: 68: 55: 35: 34: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8061: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7986: 7913: 7797: 7718: 7712: 7668:Miguel de Álava 7633:Pyotr Bagration 7628:Count Bennigsen 7618:Mikhail Kutuzov 7583:Thomas Cochrane 7555: 7553: 7547: 7508:Louis Bonaparte 7435: 7433: 7432:French and ally 7416: 7300: 7216:Château-Thierry 7179: 7043: 7014:Maloyaroslavets 6872: 6786: 6740: 6531:Yevenes/Yébenes 6489: 6405:Rosily Squadron 6383: 6307: 6273:Waren-Nossentin 6201: 6132:Cape Finisterre 6115: 6086:First Coalition 6064: 6054: 5961: 5954: 5865: 5861: 5852: 5846: 5834:Sixth Coalition 5820:Fifth Coalition 5799:Third Coalition 5789: 5787:Napoleonic Wars 5784: 5745: 5740: 5738:Napoleonic Wars 5729: 5708:Wayback Machine 5691:Wayback Machine 5653: 5643: 5630: 5620: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5529: 5527: 5523:US DoD (2021). 5513: 5511: 5487: 5453: 5436: 5430: 5411: 5377: 5375: 5364: 5316: 5297: 5283:Roberts, Andrew 5272: 5270: 5268: 5260:. McGraw-Hill. 5236: 5216: 5199: 5190: 5188: 5169: 5167: 5156: 5131: 5129: 5116: 5070: 5068: 5016: 4997: 4983:Horne, Alistair 4975: 4956: 4925: 4881: 4850: 4819: 4810: 4808: 4792: 4769: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4727:Chandler, David 4716: 4714: 4695: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4622: 4618: 4609: 4607: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4517:, chapter 5.14. 4515:Clausewitz 1873 4513: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4478: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4364: 4360: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4223: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4189:Philippart 1813 4187: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4087: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4023: 4016: 4008: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3969: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3933: 3922: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3874:Hourtoulle 2000 3872: 3868: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3717: 3709: 3702: 3694: 3687: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3621: 3602: 3594: 3585: 3577: 3564: 3556: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3457:David McKay Co. 3446: 3442: 3434: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3287: 3279: 3272: 3264: 3255: 3247: 3238: 3230: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3134: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3092: 3073:General Reynier 3042: 3033:claimed in his 3026: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2985:Georgi Emmanuel 2935: 2891:Pyotr Bagration 2883:Mikhail Kutuzov 2828:Poklonnaya Hill 2783:Karol Kurpiński 2748: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2727: 2656:Pyrrhic victory 2652: 2650:Pyrrhic victory 2594:devastated the 2583: 2578: 2455: 2413: 2395:Poklonnaya Gora 2340: 2260: 2222:Nikolay Tuchkov 2217: 2162: 2098: 2006:Latour-Maubourg 1998: 1802: 1796: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1708: 1707: 1701: 1696: 1674:Battle of Eylau 1609: 1599: 1597:Opposing forces 1581:'s Division of 1544:Dmitry Buturlin 1539: 1533: 1527:) on the left. 1525:Pyotr Bagration 1523:" (named after 1517:Nikolay Raevsky 1470:Fabian strategy 1453: 1447: 1442: 1434:Napoleonic Wars 1387:Mikhail Kutuzov 1343: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1206:Maloyaroslavets 1205: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1074: 1066: 1059: 1054: 983:Maloyaroslavets 842: 837: 835: 833: 799: 798: 797: 796: 794: 788: 787: 786: 759: 757: 747: 745: 705: 695: 693: 683: 681: 671: 669: 659: 657: 653:Nikolay Raevsky 647: 645: 635: 633: 623: 621: 609:Nikolay Tuchkov 603: 601: 600: 590: 588: 578: 576: 564:Pyotr Bagration 558: 556: 555: 545: 543: 538:Mikhail Kutuzov 531: 529: 523: 513: 511: 501: 499: 489: 487: 477: 475: 464: 462: 461: 446: 438: 436: 426: 424: 420:Édouard Mortier 414: 412: 404: 394: 392: 375: 373: 369:J.-B. Bessières 363: 361: 351: 349: 337: 335: 312: 310: 305: 293: 291: 278: 276: 274: 264: 262: 251: 249: 237: 235: 224: 222: 212: 210: 200: 198: 185: 183: 160: 135: 133: 129: 126: 121: 118: 116: 114: 113: 112: 96: 60: 56: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8070: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7977:Longwood House 7974: 7973: 7972: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7683:Count of Feira 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7578:Horatio Nelson 7575: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7488:Marshal Victor 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7266:Arcis-sur-Aube 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7009:Venta del Pozo 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6884:Ciudad Rodrigo 6880: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6762:Ciudad Rodrigo 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6736:Alba de Tormes 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6636:Aspern-Essling 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6238:Jena–Auerstedt 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6010:Ottoman Empire 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5970:United Kingdom 5966: 5964: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5940:Ottoman Empire 5937: 5935:Denmark–Norway 5932: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5878:Polish Legions 5875: 5869: 5867: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5813:Peninsular War 5809: 5802: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5783: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5760: 5752: 5751: 5742: 5735: 5723: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5693: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5652: 5651:External links 5649: 5648: 5647: 5641: 5624: 5618: 5605: 5593:978-0061075582 5592: 5578:Zamoyski, Adam 5574: 5551: 5536: 5520: 5498: 5485: 5473: 5461:Stoker, Donald 5457: 5451: 5434: 5428: 5415: 5409: 5393: 5384: 5368: 5362: 5346: 5333: 5320: 5315:978-0141032016 5314: 5301: 5295: 5279: 5267:978-0070527317 5266: 5251: 5234: 5220: 5214: 5197: 5176: 5160: 5154: 5138: 5120: 5114: 5102:Markham, David 5098: 5089: 5077: 5029: 5020: 5014: 5001: 4995: 4979: 4973: 4960: 4954: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4854: 4849:978-1871048285 4848: 4830: 4817: 4796: 4790: 4773: 4767: 4754: 4742:978-0025236608 4741: 4723: 4705: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4676: 4674:, p. 298. 4664: 4652: 4637: 4628: 4626:, p. 481. 4616: 4591: 4589:, p. 530. 4579: 4577:, p. 285. 4567: 4565:, p. 174. 4555: 4553:, p. 217. 4543: 4531: 4529:, p. 146. 4519: 4507: 4505:, p. 138. 4495: 4493:, p. 144. 4483: 4477:978-1526782618 4476: 4458: 4452:978-1848328297 4451: 4433: 4427:978-0306806506 4426: 4408: 4402:978-1849086967 4401: 4383: 4377:978-0750995955 4376: 4358: 4339: 4325: 4323:, p. 272. 4313: 4311:, p. 208. 4301: 4299:, p. 217. 4289: 4287:, p. 261. 4277: 4275:, p. 391. 4265: 4261:Martinien 1899 4250: 4238: 4229: 4217: 4215:, p. 806. 4205: 4203:, p. 201. 4193: 4181: 4179:, p. 125. 4169: 4157: 4145: 4124: 4122:, p. 221. 4112: 4110:, p. 236. 4100: 4098:, p. 256. 4085: 4083:, p. 224. 4070: 4068:, p. 585. 4058: 4041: 4039:, p. 137. 4029: 4027:, p. 254. 4014: 4012:, p. 136. 3999: 3997:, p. 131. 3987: 3985:, p. 252. 3975: 3963: 3961:, p. 710. 3959:Polovtsov 1900 3951: 3949:, p. 126. 3939: 3937:, p. 251. 3920: 3918:, p. 250. 3905: 3903:, p. 249. 3890: 3888:, p. 248. 3878: 3866: 3864:, p. 247. 3851: 3836: 3834:, p. 107. 3824: 3822:, p. 246. 3805: 3803:, p. 245. 3793: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3742: 3740:, p. 479. 3730: 3715: 3713:, p. 392. 3700: 3685: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3600: 3583: 3581:, p. 244. 3562: 3560:, p. 243. 3545: 3543:, p. 238. 3533: 3531:, p. 259. 3521: 3519:, p. 237. 3509: 3507:, p. 235. 3497: 3495:, p. 220. 3485: 3473: 3471:, p. 166. 3461: 3440: 3438:, p. 253. 3421: 3409: 3394: 3379: 3377:, p. 273. 3364: 3352: 3344:Kazantsev 1999 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3285: 3283:, p. 209. 3270: 3268:, p. 287. 3253: 3251:, p. 255. 3236: 3234:, p. 383. 3220: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3202: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3114: 3105: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2970:Ivan Adamovich 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2738: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2651: 2648: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2569:historiography 2454: 2451: 2412: 2411:Historiography 2409: 2339: 2336: 2265:chief of staff 2259: 2256: 2216: 2213: 2161: 2158: 2097: 2094: 2069:Imperial Guard 1997: 1994: 1942:back from the 1798:Main article: 1795: 1787: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1688:Imperial Guard 1670:Peninsular War 1644:Ottoman Empire 1620:Peter von Hess 1598: 1595: 1535:Main article: 1532: 1529: 1449:Main article: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1427:Imperial Guard 1328: 1326: Napoleon 1322: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1204: 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F. Baggovut 631: 619: 598: 586: 584:K. W. von Toll 574: 553: 541: 526: 524: 522: 521: 509: 497: 485: 473: 459: 444:Charles Bonamy 434: 422: 410: 390: 371: 359: 357:L.-A. Berthier 347: 332: 329: 328: 324: 323: 306: 304: 303: 288: 259: 247: 232: 220: 208: 196: 178: 175: 174: 170: 169: 166: 165: 162: 156: 155: 148: 144: 143: 136:55.517; 35.817 110:Russian Empire 104: 102: 98: 97: 95: 94: 88: 81: 79: 71: 70: 48: 47: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8069: 8058: 8057:Joachim Murat 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8002: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918:Miscellaneous 7916: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7593:Manuel Lapeña 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7523:Prince Eugène 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7473:André Masséna 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7453:Joachim Murat 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7430: 7427: 7423: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7397:Rocheserviere 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7085:San Sebastián 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6743: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646:Sankt Michael 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561:Teugen-Hausen 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6061: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5863:client states 5858: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5769: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5644: 5638: 5634: 5625: 5621: 5619:9785806700484 5615: 5611: 5606: 5595: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5552: 5549:(5/6): 68–71. 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5526: 5521: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5486: 5482: 5481:War and Peace 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5385: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5269: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5235: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5215:2-84734-073-4 5211: 5207: 5198: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5177: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5092:Lvov, S. V., 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989:. Macmillan. 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4974:0-231-08523-0 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4917:. Crown Pub. 4915: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4818: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4713: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4672:Schmadel 2003 4668: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4648: 4641: 4632: 4625: 4620: 4605: 4601: 4595: 4588: 4587:Zamoyski 2004 4583: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4541:, p. 11. 4540: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4335: 4329: 4322: 4321:Егоршина 2023 4317: 4310: 4305: 4298: 4293: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4247: 4242: 4233: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4213:Chandler 1966 4209: 4202: 4197: 4191:, p. 67. 4190: 4185: 4178: 4173: 4167:, p. 13. 4166: 4161: 4155:, p. xv. 4154: 4153:Zamoyski 2004 4149: 4143:, p. xi. 4142: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4011: 4006: 4004: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3960: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3887: 3882: 3876:, p. 33. 3875: 3870: 3863: 3858: 3856: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3802: 3797: 3791:, p. 81. 3790: 3785: 3779:, p. 79. 3778: 3773: 3767:, p. 77. 3766: 3761: 3755:, p. 26. 3754: 3749: 3747: 3739: 3734: 3728:, p. 53. 3727: 3722: 3720: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3698:, p. 52. 3697: 3692: 3690: 3683:, p. 57. 3682: 3677: 3675: 3667: 3662: 3656:, p. 45. 3655: 3650: 3644:, p. 47. 3643: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3598:, p. 33. 3597: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3525: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3375:Егоршина 2023 3371: 3369: 3361: 3356: 3350:, p. 69. 3349: 3348:Vasilyev 1992 3345: 3340: 3334:, p. 71. 3333: 3332:Vasilyev 1992 3328: 3321: 3320:Vasilyev 1992 3316: 3310:, p. 69. 3309: 3308:Vasilyev 1992 3304: 3297: 3296:Troitsky 2024 3292: 3290: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3267: 3266:Zamoyski 2004 3262: 3260: 3258: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3221: 3206: 3199: 3198: 3192: 3187: 3181: 3171:Russian: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3094:V. N. Zemtsov 3090: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3007: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2950:Nikolay Vuich 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899:Denis Davydov 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:Matvei Platov 2884: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2857:3544 Borodino 2855: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2824:Franz Roubaud 2820: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2795:War and Peace 2792:in his novel 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2776:1812 Overture 2773:composed his 2772: 2765: 2760: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2734: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2593: 2589: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2465: 2459: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117:Matvei Platov 2115:patrols from 2114: 2107: 2102: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2044: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1848: 1847:Franz Roubaud 1844: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1793: 1786: 1785:on the left. 1784: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759:According to 1743: 1729: 1715: 1691: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1661:Ancien Régime 1656: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1563:Joachim Murat 1559: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1341: 1305: 1279: 1262: 1235: 1218: 1201: 1164: 1147: 1120: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1051: 1050:Pleshchenitsy 1048: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 943: 939: 937: 934: 932: 931:Dahlenkirchen 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 845: 840: 830: 825: 823: 818: 816: 811: 810: 807: 793: 777: 768: 765: 764: 755: 753: 752: 743: 742: 737: 734: 733: 728: 725: 723: 722: 717: 714: 713: 708: 702: 692: 690: 689:Matvei Platov 680: 678: 668: 666: 656: 654: 644: 642: 632: 630: 620: 616: 610: 599: 597: 587: 585: 575: 571: 565: 554: 552: 542: 540: 539: 528: 527: 525: 520: 510: 508: 498: 496: 486: 484: 483:Joachim Murat 474: 471: 460: 457: 450: 445: 435: 433: 423: 421: 411: 409: 407: 401: 391: 388: 382: 372: 370: 360: 358: 348: 346: 345: 334: 333: 331: 330: 325: 322: 320: 307: 301: 289: 286: 272: 260: 258: 248: 245: 233: 231: 221: 219: 209: 207: 197: 195: 193: 180: 179: 177: 176: 171: 163: 158: 157: 153: 149: 146: 145: 140: 111: 107: 103: 100: 99: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 80: 77: 76: 72: 67: 66: 61:(painting by 59: 54: 49: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 7965:Grande Armée 7925:Bibliography 7909:Paris (1815) 7869:Paris (1814) 7854:Paris (1810) 7834:Finckenstein 7809:Campo Formio 7568:Rowland Hill 7554:military and 7434:military and 7407:Rocquencourt 7276:Saint-Dizier 7246:Bar-sur-Aube 7201:Mincio River 6983: 6696:Schöngrabern 6475:2nd Zaragoza 6415:1st Zaragoza 6369:Stralsund II 6218:Campo Tenese 6192:Schöngrabern 6177:Cape Ortegal 6127:Diamond Rock 6005:Papal States 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5746: 5737: 5730: 5682: 5632: 5609: 5597:. Retrieved 5582: 5561: 5555: 5544: 5528:. Retrieved 5512:. Retrieved 5506: 5493: 5488:(in Russian) 5480: 5477:Tolstoy, Leo 5468: 5442: 5419: 5400: 5397:Smith, Digby 5391:(in Russian) 5388: 5376:. Retrieved 5353: 5341: 5328: 5305: 5286: 5271:. Retrieved 5256: 5242: 5237:(in Russian) 5227: 5205: 5189:. Retrieved 5184: 5168:. Retrieved 5145: 5130:. Retrieved 5125: 5105: 5096:(in Russian) 5093: 5084: 5069:. Retrieved 5041: 5037: 5024: 5005: 4986: 4964: 4945: 4933: 4912: 4907:Dyer, Gwynne 4898: 4889: 4870: 4858: 4838: 4825: 4809:. Retrieved 4804: 4781: 4758: 4746:. Retrieved 4731: 4715:. Retrieved 4710: 4700: 4693:Bibliography 4684:Rychkov 2020 4679: 4667: 4655: 4646: 4640: 4631: 4624:Tolstoy 1949 4619: 4608:. 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Davout 342: 308: 181: 173:Belligerents 57: 43:Part of the 32: 7793:War of 1812 7751:Gunboat War 7708:Louis XVIII 7463:Jean Lannes 7377:Quatre Bras 7367:San Germano 7317:Occhiobello 7206:Champaubert 7196:La Rothière 7120:San Marcial 7004:2nd Polotsk 6969:1st Polotsk 6954:Majadahonda 6894:Villagarcia 6823:Campo Maior 6611:Piave River 6536:Ciudad Real 6526:Villafranca 6395:Dos de Mayo 6344:Stralsund I 6096:18 Brumaire 6030:Netherlands 5928:Württemberg 5437:(in French) 5200:(in French) 5071:5 September 4820:(in French) 4650:in Russian. 4606:(in Polish) 4353:History Hit 4177:Herold 1969 3666:Stoker 2015 3481:US DoD 2021 3455:(New York, 2917:, generals 2863:astronomer 2790:Leo Tolstoy 2718:hypothermia 2676:Digby Smith 2553:Gwynne Dyer 2421:War of 1812 2330:", Marshal 2328:Young Guard 2310:, a senior 2248:undergrowth 2170:cuirassiers 2113:Don Cossack 1902:Le Terrible 1028:2nd Krasnoi 998:2nd Vitebsk 978:2nd Polotsk 921:1st Polotsk 911:1st Krasnoi 886:1st Vitebsk 758:27 generals 746:50 generals 507:J.-A. Junot 447: [ 271:Württemberg 159:Territorial 134: / 8001:Categories 7935:Casualties 7849:Schönbrunn 7824:Artlenburg 7573:John Moore 7478:Michel Ney 7347:Scapezzano 7337:Cesenatico 7281:Montmartre 7211:Montmirail 7145:Wartenburg 7100:Großbeeren 6959:Gorodechno 6949:Klyastitsy 6929:Saltanovka 6818:Casal Novo 6691:Hollabrunn 6676:Korneuburg 6470:Somosierra 6374:Copenhagen 6197:Austerlitz 6187:Dürenstein 5923:Westphalia 5866:and allies 5245:. Moscow: 4610:2023-11-28 4575:Riehn 1990 4551:Duffy 1985 4539:Duffy 1972 4527:Smith 2003 4503:Riehn 1990 4491:Riehn 1990 4285:Riehn 1990 4273:Smith 1998 4108:Riehn 1990 4096:Riehn 1990 4025:Riehn 1990 3995:Duffy 1972 3983:Riehn 1990 3971:Smith 2003 3947:Smith 2003 3935:Riehn 1990 3916:Riehn 1990 3901:Riehn 1990 3886:Riehn 1990 3862:Riehn 1990 3820:Riehn 1990 3801:Riehn 1990 3738:Riehn 1990 3711:Smith 1998 3579:Riehn 1990 3558:Riehn 1990 3541:Riehn 1990 3529:Riehn 1990 3517:Riehn 1990 3505:Riehn 1990 3493:Riehn 1990 3469:Riehn 1990 3436:Riehn 1990 3417:Kuehn 2008 3249:Riehn 1990 3232:Dwyer 2014 3197:la Moskova 2997:References 2911:Michel Ney 2714:starvation 2665:Austerlitz 2611:impuissant 2479:until the 2453:Casualties 2386:dénouement 2267:, General 1969:Cuirassier 1940:grenadiers 1924:Michel Ney 1897:Neverovsky 1870:embrasures 1864:en échelon 1818:Bagration 1810:Leib-Guard 1680:, and the 1628:Austerlitz 1601:See also: 1479:After the 1440:Background 1108:Gorodeczno 953:Zvenigorod 936:Shevardino 906:Gorodechno 891:Klyastitsy 866:Saltanovka 432:Michel Ney 344:Napoleon I 257:Westphalia 7899:Casalanza 7874:Tauroggen 7829:Pressburg 7814:Lunéville 7719:conflicts 7552:Coalition 7402:La Suffel 7352:Tolentino 7236:Montereau 7221:Vauchamps 7170:Bornhöved 7125:Dennewitz 7070:Tarragona 7019:Chashniki 6919:Salamanca 6843:Tarragona 6767:Barquilla 6721:Almonacid 6681:Stockerau 6651:Stralsund 6621:2nd Porto 6601:Ebelsberg 6571:Abensberg 6541:1st Porto 6501:Castellón 6485:Benavente 6450:Valmaseda 6364:Friedland 6359:Heilsberg 6329:Ostrołęka 6319:Mohrungen 6253:Magdeburg 6182:Amstetten 6167:Trafalgar 6152:Elchingen 6137:Wertingen 6035:Brunswick 5960:Coalition 5570:0027-9358 5247:Воениздат 5066:161057504 5058:1543-7795 3217:Citations 3180:romanized 2980:Ilya Duka 2710:dysentery 2644:logistics 2636:total war 2576:Aftermath 2483:in 1914. 2304:Bessières 2204:Thielmann 2145:Bagration 2141:Bennigsen 2032:Broussier 1967:2nd 1929:grenadier 1893:Vorontsov 1636:Friedland 1135:Tauroggen 1125:Drohiczyn 1038:Loschniza 1023:Kaidanowo 1018:Wolkowisk 988:Chashniki 7970:Uniforms 7884:Chaumont 7802:Treaties 7503:Joseph I 7443:Napoleon 7387:Waterloo 7327:Casaglia 7291:Toulouse 7175:Sehested 7150:Bidassoa 7130:2nd Kulm 7115:1st Kulm 7105:Katzbach 7095:Sorauren 7090:Pyrenees 7055:Castalla 7039:Berezina 7029:Smoliani 6999:Tarutino 6984:Borodino 6974:Valutino 6964:Smolensk 6934:Ostrovno 6904:Maguilla 6868:Valencia 6858:Saguntum 6706:Talavera 6586:Ratisbon 6576:Landshut 6551:Bergisel 6546:Medellín 6460:Espinosa 6420:Valencia 6293:Czarnowo 6263:Pasewalk 6258:Prenzlau 6233:Saalfeld 6172:Caldiero 6142:Günzburg 6020:Sardinia 5995:Portugal 5704:Archived 5687:Archived 5599:22 March 5580:(2004). 5530:22 March 5514:20 March 5479:(1949). 5463:(2015). 5399:(1998). 5378:11 March 5352:(2003). 5285:(2001). 5273:20 March 5226:(1900). 5191:13 March 5182:(1813). 5170:22 March 5144:(2007). 5132:22 March 5104:(2005). 5085:Napoleon 5083:(2004). 4985:(1998). 4944:(2012). 4909:(1988). 4869:(1972). 4836:(2006). 4811:13 March 4802:(1873). 4780:(1988). 4748:13 March 4729:(1966). 4717:13 March 4647:Borodino 4645:Text of 3459:, 1976). 3142:2nd Army 3077:Volhynia 2933:See also 2919:Yermolov 2895:Cossacks 2878:Borodino 2872:Borodino 2816:Borodino 2562:Waterloo 2277:Mozhaysk 2202:General 2195:ordered 2149:Montbrun 2073:Nansouty 1833:Nansouty 1808:Russian 1783:2nd Army 1699:Position 1575:Montbrun 1571:Nansouty 1552:1st Army 1513:Borodino 1383:Napoleon 1353:Borodino 1250:Smolensk 1240:Borodino 1189:Berezina 1093:300miles 1044:Berezina 1013:Smoliani 1003:Liaskowa 973:Tarutino 948:Mozhaysk 942:Borodino 926:Valutino 916:Smolensk 876:Ostrovno 710:Strength 106:Borodino 101:Location 7717:Related 7296:Bayonne 7261:Craonne 7231:Mormant 7191:Brienne 7165:Nivelle 7155:Leipzig 7110:Dresden 7080:Vitoria 7065:Bautzen 7034:Krasnoi 6979:Mesoten 6939:Vitebsk 6899:Almaraz 6889:Badajoz 6848:Albuera 6833:Almeida 6828:Sabugal 6813:Redinha 6803:Barrosa 6782:Bussaco 6777:Almeida 6757:Astorga 6726:Tamames 6686:Gefrees 6641:Alcañiz 6581:Eckmühl 6511:Corunna 6480:Sahagún 6445:Zornoza 6440:Vimeiro 6410:Cabezón 6334:Kolberg 6303:Pułtusk 6298:Golymin 6288:Hamelin 6268:Stettin 6228:Schleiz 6073:Prelude 6065:battles 6040:Hanover 5985:Prussia 5975:Austria 5913:Bavaria 5893:Etruria 5888:Holland 5860:France, 5853:gerents 3405:Shvedov 3127:militia 3035:memoirs 2923:Raevsky 2843:flèches 2669:Marshal 2567:In the 2398:(after 2332:Mortier 2289:Marshal 2182:Chastel 2168:French 2065:Sorbier 2022:Delzons 1977:flèches 1960:flèches 1945:flèches 1919:flèches 1907:Sorbier 1895:'s and 1889:Dessaix 1887:, with 1884:flèches 1875:flèches 1857:flèches 1849:, 1912. 1821:flèches 1792:flèches 1652:Cossack 1579:Compans 1490:Gzhatsk 1267:Vitebsk 1098:Pultusk 1033:Borisov 968:Ustyluh 963:Mesoten 611: ( 566: ( 406:† 383: ( 244:Bavaria 161:changes 122:35°49′E 119:55°31′N 69:, 1822) 7894:Mantua 7844:Cintra 7839:Tilsit 7819:Amiens 7357:Ancona 7342:Pesaro 7312:Panaro 7241:Orthez 7226:Garris 7140:Roßlau 7135:Göhrde 7075:Luckau 7060:Lützen 7024:Vyazma 6994:Burgos 6989:Moscow 6944:Kobryn 6853:Usagre 6808:Pombal 6798:Gebora 6671:Wagram 6631:Tarvis 6606:Girona 6566:Raszyn 6556:Sacile 6465:Tudela 6455:Burgos 6435:Roliça 6430:Bailén 6349:Mileto 6339:Danzig 6278:Lübeck 6243:Erfurt 6162:Verona 6045:Nassau 6025:Sweden 6015:Persia 6000:Sicily 5980:Russia 5962:forces 5945:Persia 5918:Saxony 5903:Naples 5873:France 5851:Belli- 5639: 5616: 5590: 5568: 5546:Rodina 5490: 5449: 5439: 5426: 5407: 5360: 5312: 5293: 5264: 5239: 5212: 5202: 5152: 5112: 5064: 5056: 5012: 4993: 4971: 4952: 4921: 4877: 4846: 4822: 4805:On War 4788: 4765: 4739: 4474: 4449: 4424: 4399: 4374: 3453:p. 157 3191:French 3133:units. 3089:hugely 2861:Soviet 2764:Soviet 2725:Legacy 2706:typhus 2604:French 2371:, and 2368:On War 2215:Utitsa 2197:Watier 2189:Moscow 2178:Gérard 2130:Eugène 2089:On War 2028:Morand 1986:Friant 1965:Duka's 1694:Battle 1676:, the 1640:Sweden 1507:(1897) 1461:Niemen 1363:. The 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1223:Moscow 1179:Warsaw 1169:Tilsit 993:Vyazma 958:Moscow 901:Swolna 896:Inkovo 881:Kobrin 851:Grodno 453: 402: 319:Russia 316: 297: 285:Saxony 282: 268: 241: 230:Naples 206:Poland 192:France 189: 147:Result 7960:Films 7392:Wavre 7382:Ligny 7372:Gaeta 7332:Ronco 7322:Carpi 7286:Paris 7256:Reims 7160:Hanau 6752:Cádiz 6731:Ocaña 6716:Ölper 6661:María 6626:Wörgl 6616:Grijó 6516:Valls 6506:Uclés 6400:Bruch 6324:Eylau 6248:Halle 6223:Maida 6213:Gaeta 6063:Major 5990:Spain 5950:Spain 5883:Italy 5631:[ 5564:(6). 5062:S2CID 3627:[ 3030:Ségur 2809:Poet 2762:1987 2615:burnt 2296:Guard 2285:Dumas 2273:Ségur 2239:mound 2231:Jäger 2057:Eugen 2040:Jäger 1632:Eylau 1618:, by 1503:, by 1472:as a 1294:Kowno 1284:Vilna 1091:500km 761:…see 749:…see 730:…see 719:…see 451:] 300:Hesse 218:Italy 7889:Kiel 7879:Ried 7425:Info 7412:Issy 7305:1815 7251:Laon 7184:1814 7048:1813 6914:Ekau 6877:1812 6791:1811 6745:1810 6666:Graz 6656:Raab 6494:1809 6388:1808 6312:1807 6206:1806 6120:1805 5637:ISBN 5614:ISBN 5601:2021 5588:ISBN 5566:ISSN 5532:2021 5516:2024 5447:ISBN 5424:ISBN 5405:ISBN 5380:2021 5358:ISBN 5310:ISBN 5291:ISBN 5275:2021 5262:ISBN 5210:ISBN 5193:2021 5172:2021 5150:ISBN 5134:2021 5110:ISBN 5073:2020 5054:ISSN 5010:ISBN 4991:ISBN 4969:ISBN 4950:ISBN 4919:ISBN 4875:ISBN 4844:ISBN 4813:2021 4786:ISBN 4763:ISBN 4750:2021 4737:ISBN 4719:2021 4472:ISBN 4447:ISBN 4422:ISBN 4397:ISBN 4372:ISBN 3390:Lvov 3125:and 3097:(ru) 2921:and 2909:and 2716:and 2619:tsar 2607:army 2535:and 2404:Fili 2308:Rapp 2287:and 2281:Daru 2121:pulk 2084:Hell 1911:Rapp 1634:and 1605:and 1399:O.S. 1357:O.S. 1338:The 1152:Riga 871:Riga 861:Ekau 91:O.S. 85:N.S. 78:Date 6909:Mir 6772:Côa 6157:Ulm 5659:by 5562:169 5046:doi 4913:War 3071:of 2802:'s 2557:747 2324:Ney 2151:'s 2119:'s 1845:by 1837:Ney 856:Mir 614:DOW 569:DOW 386:WIA 8003:: 5560:. 5543:. 5505:. 5467:. 5340:. 5327:. 5060:. 5052:. 5042:72 5040:. 5036:. 4602:. 4351:. 4253:^ 4127:^ 4088:^ 4073:^ 4044:^ 4017:^ 4002:^ 3923:^ 3908:^ 3893:^ 3854:^ 3839:^ 3808:^ 3745:^ 3718:^ 3703:^ 3688:^ 3673:^ 3603:^ 3586:^ 3565:^ 3548:^ 3451:, 3424:^ 3397:^ 3382:^ 3367:^ 3346:; 3288:^ 3273:^ 3256:^ 3239:^ 3224:^ 3193:: 3189:; 3177:, 2929:. 2905:, 2852:A 2837:. 2819:. 2712:, 2708:, 2539:. 2531:, 2527:, 2523:, 2519:, 2515:, 2507:, 2503:, 2283:, 1630:, 1554:, 1174:10 1157:11 1140:12 1130:13 1113:14 1103:15 449:fr 108:, 5779:e 5772:t 5765:v 5645:. 5622:. 5603:. 5572:. 5534:. 5518:. 5471:. 5455:. 5432:. 5413:. 5382:. 5366:. 5344:. 5331:. 5318:. 5299:. 5277:. 5249:. 5218:. 5195:. 5174:. 5158:. 5136:. 5118:. 5087:. 5075:. 5048:: 5018:. 4999:. 4977:. 4958:. 4936:. 4927:. 4892:. 4883:. 4852:. 4828:. 4815:. 4794:. 4771:. 4752:. 4721:. 4686:. 4662:. 4613:. 4480:. 4455:. 4430:. 4405:. 4380:. 4355:. 4263:. 4248:. 3849:. 3668:. 3483:. 3419:. 3407:. 3392:. 3298:. 3200:. 3182:: 3103:. 2431:( 2358:. 2012:. 1952:. 1342:( 1299:1 1289:2 1272:3 1255:4 1245:5 1228:6 1211:7 1194:8 1184:9 828:e 821:t 814:v 617:) 572:) 389:) 154:) 30:. 23:.

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Battle of Borodino

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