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infantry off-guard. Shane O’Neill's brigade didn't reach their objective, however, as the Laggan cavalry quickly turned and attacked the Irish infantry. After approximately a half-hour of fighting, the Irish infantry began to break and retreat in disorder. At that time, Stewart pressed forward with the Laggan infantry. As the fleeing
Confederates were pursued by the Royalists they collided with the remainder of their own army, creating chaos and confusion which caused all the Irish, infantry and cavalry, to flee.
768:
quickly retreating back to the safety of his army. As the Laggan Army continued to advance toward the
Confederates, Stewart sent a cavalry detachment to attack Ă“ NĂ©ill's musketeers. Stewart's force drove off the musketeers and then retreated to prepare for a full cavalry attack upon the Irish army. Before Stewart's cavalry could coordinate their attack, Ă“ NĂ©ill sent his cavalry out to confront the Royalists. For a short while, the cavalry battle was a stalemate.
649:
Confederation to carry on the fight that the rebels had started regarding
Catholic rights. Within a two-month period, the Confederates made Ă“ NĂ©ill the commander of their army in Ulster. Ă“ NĂ©ill was expected to enhance not only recruiting, but more importantly, training and military discipline. It was the belief and expectation of the Confederates that Ă“ NĂ©ill would be able to create a true army in Ulster as opposed to the corps of rabble that his predecessor
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744:Ă“ NĂ©ill's Ulster Army convoy was estimated to be as large as 3,100 individuals when it gathered near Clones. Included in the group were 1,600 fighting men, their families, supply wagons, baggage carts, livestock, and nomadic creaghts with their cattle herds. Of the fighting men in the group, most were untrained, poorly armed foot soldiers. The cavalry units attached to the group were small.
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The
Stewarts were held in such high regard that immediately after the outbreak of the rebellion, King Charles authorised both of the Stewarts to establish a regiment of 1,000 foot and a troop of horse for the King's service. The military force that the Stewarts created came to be known as the Laggan
697:
At the outset of the rebellion, thousands of
Protestant settlers were evicted from their lands. Their homes were burned and their possessions taken. The settlers became homeless refugees and were mercilessly hunted down and murdered by Irish rebels. Thousands of the Protestant refugees sought safety
792:
unprotected and pursue Ă“ NĂ©ill any deeper into
Ireland, so he simply confiscated the resources left behind by the Confederates and returned home. Although Ă“ NĂ©ill was able to replace the lost men, his timetable was significantly impacted due to the loss of the experienced officers and soldiers that
759:
where Cumber Bridge is now located, Ă“ NĂ©ill became aware that
Stewart was approaching from the north. Ă“ NĂ©ill wanted to try and get as much of his army across the river and avoid a head-on confrontation with Stewart's army, but in a Council of War it was decided that the Irish would take defensive
735:
William
Stewart served as the nominal leader of the Laggan Army in the beginning as he had greater seniority and landed interests than his brother. Fairly quickly, however, Robert Stewart was selected for overall command based upon his extensive experience in the Thirty Years' War on the European
672:
to protect
Scottish settlers. This Scottish force was headquartered at Carrickfergus and had taken control and occupied several counties in eastern Ulster. Beginning in September 1642 and continuing into the spring of 1643, the Covenanters conducted four military campaigns attempting to conquest
648:
In July 1642, approximately seven months after the start of the Irish
Rebellion, Ă“ NĂ©ill returned to Ireland with arms, munitions, and a cadre of 200 experienced soldiers and officers from the Irish regiment in Flanders. By that time, the Catholic leaders of Ireland had formed the Irish Catholic
771:
As the cavalry battle continued, an Irish commander, Shane Og O’Neill, ordered his brigade of infantry out of their defensive positions intending to attack the Laggan infantry. His advance was against his orders to stay in position, but nevertheless, he made the move hoping to catch the enemy's
763:
With no time to construct defensive fortifications, Ă“ NĂ©ill positioned his men along a stone portion of the roadway where for the most part the passage was bordered by bogs. At the narrowest portion of the roadway closest to the approach of the Laggan Army Ă“ NĂ©ill placed 100 musketeers. He then
688:
Because of the threat of these attacks on his untrained army and the lack of provisions in Ulster, Ă“ NĂ©ill made the decision to move his troops west to the interior counties of Ireland where the countryside was controlled by the Confederates. On 9 June, Ă“ NĂ©ill sent messengers to his commanders
767:
As his infantry was getting into position, Ă“ NĂ©ill led a cavalry detachment north to reconnoiter the advance of Stewart's army and slow them down if possible. As he did so, Ă“ NĂ©ill and his small force came upon the cavalry vanguard of Stewart's army. A short clash of arms occurred with Ă“ NĂ©ill
607:
and Scottish forces. After ten months of fighting with few victories, the Confederation placed Eoghan Ruadh Ă“ NĂ©ill, an Irish Catholic patriot and skilled military officer, in charge of their poorly trained Ulster Army hoping that he could reverse their fortunes. Ă“ NĂ©ill attempted to train and
644:
in 1640. He actively communicated with fellow expatriates and watched the affairs of England and Ireland with a desire of returning and participating in a rebellion. Ă“ NĂ©ill formed a brotherhood with his compatriots in the Irish regiment and they encouraged him to return to Ireland and lead a
732:. As the war progressed, the Laggan Army became the most dominant Royalist militia in Ulster, defending and relieving Protestant strongholds; escorting refugees to safe havens; conducting reprisal attacks on the Irish rebels; and supporting other Royalist militias in numerous conflicts.
778:
In the short battle, the Irish lost most of their materials and an estimated 150 men including many of the experienced officers who had returned with Ă“ NĂ©ill to Ireland from Flanders. Laggan Army casualties were reported to be quite low, six men killed and 23 injured.
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As the Ulster Army was traveling to Clones, Stewart learned of their movement. Upon receipt of the intelligence, Stewart assembled his force, estimated to be as large as 3,000 men including both infantry and cavalry units, and made plans to intercept Ă“ NĂ©ill.
705:, chose to defend their properties by organising militias. The Stewarts were Scottish settlers who had served the English Crown in the military and were rewarded with large tracts of escheated land in Ireland during the
608:
strengthen his army over the autumn and winter of 1642–1643 in war torn Ulster, but ultimately determined that he needed to temporarily move his fledgling force to a safer place until they were fully ready to fight.
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Many of the Irish scattered and hid in the countryside till Ă“ NĂ©ill was able to regroup them and press on with his march to the interior of Ireland. Stewart could not afford to leave his operations base in East
640:Ă“ NĂ©ill spent over thirty years on the continent as a military officer in the service of the Spanish. During that time, he learned the art of war and earned acclaim as an excellent general, notably for his
736:
continent. Robert Stewart was resourceful and proved to be adept at recruiting men and training military units. His troops were better equipped than the Confederates, especially with respect to muskets.
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Seeing what was happening, Ă“ NĂ©ill broke off the fighting and organized a more disciplined retreat. Many of his men continued to flee in a haphazard manner as they were pursued by the Laggan cavalry.
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he had introduced into his army from the Irish Regiment. The province of Ulster was then held totally by the enemies of the revolution – the Laggan Army, the Covenanters, and the English.
303:
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in Ulster as his base of operations and immediately began building his army in the late summer of 1642. Also garrisoned in Ulster at that time, however, was a Scottish
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Eoghan Ruadh Ă“ NĂ©ill, born in 1585, was a descendant of ancient Irish royalty. As a young boy he grew up amidst the Irish struggles for freedom against
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erupted in Ireland. During the early stages of the eleven years of conflict much of the fighting occurred in the northern province of
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Charlemont and destroy Ă“ NĂ©ill's army. During that time, Ă“ NĂ©ill's forces in Ulster were also harassed and attacked by the
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At that time, wealthy Protestant landowners in northwest Ulster, such as Sir William Stewart and his brother
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The Peerage of Ireland: A Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc, Volume 1
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and protection in Royalist strongholds or attempted to leave Ireland and return to England and Scotland.
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Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates: Scottish-Irish Relations in the Mid-Seventeenth Century
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throughout Ulster telling them of his plan and instructing them to rendezvous with him at Clones.
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751:Ă“ NĂ©ill reached Clones before the Laggan Army and continued his march to the south towards
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in 1603, Ă“ NĂ©ill did like many other young Irishmen leaving his home to participate in the
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The Irish Rebellion of 1641: With a History of the Events which Led Up to and Succeeded it
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placed the bulk of his infantry in defensive positions along the roadway to the south.
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in Flanders as a part of an Irish regiment associated with the Spanish military.
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Army. Originally the unit was formed to protect The Laggan, a staunchly
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positions north of the river and fight the Laggan Army.
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MĂłrdha, P. B. Ă“. (1962). "The Battle of Clones, 1643".
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militia based in The Laggan, a district in the east of
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Owen Roe O'Neill and the Struggle for Catholic Ireland
1181:. Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage
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The Cambridge History of Ireland: Volume 2, 1550–1730
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1227:"Ireland's Wars: Charlemont, Clones and Portlester"
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Eoghan Ruadh Ă“ NĂ©ill and the Irish Confederate Army
1473:Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641-1660
925:Ireland's Wars: Charlemont, Clones and Portlester
664:expeditionary force under the command of General
571:(Owen Roe O'Neill) were decisively defeated near
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1173:"Cumber Bridge, Coolnalong / Lisabuck, Monaghan"
27:Battle during the Irish Confederate Wars in 1643
1406:Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen
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1409:(Vol. III ed.). Dublin: Macgregor, Polson
1092:Cumber Bridge, Coolnalong / Lisabuck, Monaghan
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1456:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania,
1178:National Inventory of Architectural Heritage
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851:
1337:"The Confederate War: Campaigns of 1643-4"
653:had taken to war with disastrous results.
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1476:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1362:. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation.
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1291:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1518:Battles of the Irish Confederate Wars
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1221:. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company.
1159:. London: Longmans, Green and Company
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559:occurred on 13 June 1643 during the
755:. As he was beginning to cross the
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1233:. Never Felt Better. 26 June 2013
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629:. After the Irish defeat and the
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656:Ă“ NĂ©ill chose the stronghold of
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1470:Ohlmeyer, Jane H., ed. (2002).
1253:. Never Felt Better. 8 May 2013
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1215:Hamilton, Lord Ernes (1920).
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1247:"Ireland's Wars: Glenmaquin"
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456:1649–53 Cromwellian Conquest
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1202:. Electric Scotland USA LLC
605:Irish Catholic Confederates
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1196:"The Plantation of Ulster"
1056:Ireland's Wars: Glenmaquin
1390:. London: T. Fisher Unwin
1356:Stevenson, David (2005).
1153:Bagwell, Richard (1909).
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1450:Casway, Jerrold (1896),
1431:"Battle of Clones, 1643"
1285:Ohlmeyer, Jane (2018).
1266:Kimber, Edward (1768).
342:1641–42 Irish Rebellion
18:Battle of Clones (1643)
1384:Taylor, J. F. (1896).
707:colonisation of Ulster
561:Irish Confederate Wars
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315:Irish Confederate Wars
153:Commanders and leaders
113:Anglo-Scottish victory
72:Irish Confederate Wars
1403:Wills, James (1841).
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204:Casualties and losses
1200:electricscotland.com
595:In October 1641 the
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567:forces commanded by
550:Eoghan Ruadh Ă“ NĂ©ill
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1005:, pp. 194–212.
978:, pp. 148–149.
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631:Treaty of Mellifont
135:Irish Confederation
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1424:General references
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585:Sir Robert Stewart
579:by the Protestant
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277:Ireland and Clones
164:Sir Robert Stewart
1513:Conflicts in 1643
1251:Never Felt Better
1231:Never Felt Better
884:, pp. 48–50.
872:, pp. 42–43.
717:district in East
651:Sir Felim O’Neill
635:Eighty Years’ War
565:Irish Confederate
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645:rebellion.
581:Laggan Army
484:Lisnagarvey
439:Knocknanuss
360:Julianstown
179:Laggan Army
175:Ulster Army
51: /
1502:Categories
1463:081227895X
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753:Scotshouse
715:Protestant
662:Covenanter
658:Charlemont
591:Background
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384:Glenmaquin
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601:Ulster
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444:Dublin
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409:Clones
266:Dublin
238:Clones
110:Result
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1324:JSTOR
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1491:2020
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