515:
284:
541:, Edward set up his forces on the left, with Gloucester commanding the right. At about eight in the morning, de Montfort left the town of Evesham as a great thunderstorm began to rage. At Lewes, the baronial forces had gained confidence to win the day by a sense of divine destiny, reinforced by white crosses on their uniforms. This time the royal army had taken their lead, and wore a red cross as their distinguishing mark. According to the chronicler
41:
423:, de Montfort had won control of royal government, but after the defection of several close allies and the escape from captivity of Prince Edward, he found himself on the defensive. Forced to engage the royalists at Evesham, he faced an army twice the size of his own. The battle soon turned into a massacre; de Montfort himself was killed and his body mutilated. It was described by the contemporary historian
291:
502:, but Edward managed to inflict great losses on his forces, many of whom were quartered outside the castle walls. From there the prince moved south, where on 4 August, using many banners captured at Kenilworth to deceive de Montfort into thinking his reinforcements were arriving, he managed to trap the older de Montfort in a loop of the
548:
The respective forces of the baronial and royal armies have been estimated to be 5,000 and 10,000 strong. De
Montfort, facing such unfavourable numbers, decided to concentrate his forces on the centre of the enemy's front, hoping to drive a wedge through the line. Though the tactics were initially
561:
With their defeat at Lewes still fresh in memory, the royalists fought with a strong sense of bitterness and resentment. As a result, and despite attempts to surrender, most of the baronial rebels were killed on the battlefield rather than taken prisoner and ransomed, as was the common custom and
486:. Llywelyn agreed to help, in return for full recognition of his title and the promise that he could keep all military gains. Whatever benefits this alliance might have brought de Montfort, the large concessions cost him popularity at home. Meanwhile, Edward laid siege to the town of
599:, whereby rebels were allowed to buy back their land at prices dependent on their level of involvement in the rebellion. The defenders of the castle turned down the offer at first, but by the end of the year conditions had become intolerable, and in 1267 the Dictum was agreed upon.
566:
was killed first, then Simon himself lost his horse and died fighting. His body was mutilated; his head, hands, feet and testicles cut off. King Henry himself, who had been in the custody of de
Montfort and dressed up in his colours, was barely rescued from the mêlée by
557:
had proved unreliable, and deserted at an early point. The flanks of the royal army closed in on de
Montfort's, surrounding them. With de Montfort confronted by a force twice the size of his own, on unfavourable ground, the battle rapidly turned into a massacre.
602:
In regard to wide-scale confrontations, the Battle of
Evesham and its aftermath proved decisive: it ended baronial opposition in the reign of Henry III. The kingdom now entered into a period of unity and progress that lasted into the early 1290s.
506:, blocking off the only bridge and thereby forcing de Montfort to fight without his son's reinforcements. When de Montfort realised this, he allegedly commented: "How skilfully they are advancing. Our bodies are theirs, our souls are God's."
884:
Translation of the original Anglo-Norman text in O. De
Laborderie in J. Maddicott and D. Carpenter (ed. and trans.), 'The Last Hours of Simon de Montfort: A New Account', English Historical Review, 115 (2000), pp.
334:
471:, the Earl of Gloucester, deserted to the side of the King in May of the same year. With Gloucester's assistance, Prince Edward escaped from de Montfort's captivity.
587:
in
September the same year, all those who had taken part in the rebellion were disinherited. Yet even though the uprising of the younger Simon de Montfort in
1036:
685:
427:
as the "murder of
Evesham, for battle it was none". Though the battle effectively restored royal authority, scattered resistance remained until the
545:, when de Montfort saw the advance of the royal troops, he exclaimed that "They have not learned that for themselves, but were taught it by me."
327:
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80:
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practice. In what has been referred to as "an episode of noble bloodletting unprecedented since the
Conquest", de Montfort's son
154:
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218:
150:
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was over by
Christmas, scattered resistance remained. The main problem was the garrison encamped at the virtually impregnable
283:
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595:, and a siege started in the summer of 1266 seemed futile. By the end of October, the royalists drew up the so-called
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in his custody. However, his sphere of influence began to shrink rapidly, owing to loss of key allies. In
February,
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The Song of Simon de Montfort: England's First Revolutionary and the Death of Chivalry
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The Song of Simon de Montfort: The Life and Death of a Medieval Revolutionary
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The royalists were eager to settle scores after de Montfort's defeat. At the
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a year earlier. He also held the King, Prince Edward, and the King's brother
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successful, the baronial forces soon lost the initiative, especially as the
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396:(4 August 1265) was one of the two main battles of 13th century England's
798:
The Church Historians of England: Prereformation series, Volume 5, Part 1
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533:, the royalists took position on the high ground. Along a ridge called
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40:
498:. Eventually Simon the Younger reached the baronial stronghold of
404:, Earl of Leicester, and the rebellious barons by the future King
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Lewes and Evesham 1264–65; Simon de Montford and the Barons' War
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45:
Death and mutilation of de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham
443:, had gained a dominant position in the government of the
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translated by Stevenson, Rev. Joseph, ed. (1858) in
478:now in rebellion, de Montfort solicited the aid of
412:. It took place on 4 August 1265, near the town of
660:. Osprey Campaign Series #285. Osprey Publishing.
954:
866:
687:English Heritage Battlefield Report: Evesham 1265
1013:
16:1265 battle of the Second Barons' War in England
342:
328:
1037:Registered historic battlefields in England
615:(overseeing hearings for the disinherited)
335:
321:
408:, who led the forces of his father, King
290:
711:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
693:. English Heritage. 1995. Archived from
519:Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
513:
467:. An even more important collaborator,
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670:Burne, A. H. (1950, reprint 2002),
463:was arrested and imprisoned in the
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1027:Military history of Worcestershire
759:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
632:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
14:
1068:
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726:The Thirteenth Century: 1216–1307
529:Heeding a lesson learned at the
525:, dies at the Battle of Evesham.
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783:English Heritage 1995, p. 2.
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229:Humphrey (V) de Bohun (
7:
1032:Battles of the Barons' Wars
1006:(More on Evesham and Lewes)
836:Prestwich (1988), pp. 48–9.
755:Prestwich, Michael (2005),
672:The Battlefields of England
606:
10:
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642:Ambler, Sophie T. (2019),
400:. It marked the defeat of
990:Prestwich (2005), p. 121.
981:Prestwich (2005), p. 117.
921:Prestwich (2005), p. 116.
745:, London: Methuen London
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447:after his victory at the
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933:Prestwich (1988), p. 51.
809:Prestwich (1988), p. 46.
656:Brooks, Richard (2015)
521:, in rebellion against
439:Simon de Montfort, 6th
303:Location within England
57:4 August 1265
1004:Simon de Montfort 2014
863:Maddicott, pp. 339–40.
792:Robert of Gloucester,
526:
474:With the Lords of the
141:Commanders and leaders
845:Maddicott, pp. 337–8.
827:Maddicott, pp. 327–9.
728:, Oxford: Clarendon.
571:, a converted rebel.
553:infantry provided by
517:
265:Casualties and losses
903:Maddicott, p. 341–2.
597:Dictum of Kenilworth
555:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
480:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
431:was signed in 1267.
429:Dictum of Kenilworth
425:Robert of Gloucester
300:class=notpageimage|
96:52.10806°N 1.94611°W
1052:Edward I of England
453:Richard of Cornwall
219:Nicholas de Segrave
92: /
1057:Second Barons' War
963:Maddicott, p. 342.
912:Maddicott, p. 271.
875:Maddicott, p. 340.
854:Maddicott, p. 335.
800:; Seeleys; p. 375.
739:Prestwich, Michael
646:, London: Picador
569:Roger de Leybourne
527:
445:Kingdom of England
416:, Worcestershire.
398:Second Barons' War
346:Second Barons' War
163:William de Valence
135:Kingdom of Gwynedd
101:52.10806; -1.94611
33:Second Barons' War
1042:Conflicts in 1265
951:Burne, pp. 170–1.
894:Burne, pp. 167–8.
709:Simon de Montfort
700:on 1 August 2011.
666:978 1-4728-1150-9
652:978-1-5098-3757-1
626:Ambler, Sophie T.
593:Kenilworth Castle
543:William Rishanger
492:Simon the Younger
457:Robert de Ferrers
441:Earl of Leicester
402:Simon de Montfort
394:Battle of Evesham
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238:Hugh le Despenser
207:Peter de Montfort
184:Henry de Montfort
172:Simon de Montfort
155:Humphrey de Bohun
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26:Battle of Evesham
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99: /
1016:Categories
771:References
585:Winchester
581:Parliament
535:Green Hill
500:Kenilworth
488:Gloucester
435:Background
379:Kenilworth
87:01°56′46″W
84:52°06′29″N
61:1265-08-04
794:Chronicle
575:Aftermath
523:Henry III
419:With the
410:Henry III
257:c. 10,000
743:Edward I
741:(1988),
724:(1953),
707:(1994),
628:(2019),
607:See also
406:Edward I
260:c. 5,000
252:Strength
69:Location
31:Part of
1047:Evesham
885:378–412
539:Evesham
414:Evesham
369:Evesham
244:†
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198: (
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510:Battle
496:London
482:, the
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112:Result
698:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
564:Henry
551:Welsh
465:Tower
364:Lewes
761:ISBN
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676:ISBN
662:ISBN
648:ISBN
634:ISBN
504:Avon
392:The
54:Date
583:at
270:Few
232:POW
224:POW
201:POW
1018::
956:^
926:^
868:^
459:,
336:e
329:t
322:v
235:)
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63:)
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