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508:(court and government) of the Punjab. Lal Singh was alleged to have sheltered in a ditch throughout the battle, and although this cannot be proved, it is clear that he took little active part. Tej Singh had used the thinnest pretext to order a retreat when most of his officers and troops were eager to fall on the exhausted British and Bengal armies.
479:
Gough's army was saved when, ironically, some of his horse artillery ran out of ammunition. A staff officer ordered them to withdraw to
Ferozepur to replenish, and also ordered much of the British cavalry to escort them. Tej Singh claimed that the movement was an outflanking manoeuvre, and ordered a
463:
Both the
British and Sikhs were mixed up in disorder. Gough and Hardinge tried to reform their troops, while keeping up encouraging banter. In fact, Hardinge expected defeat the next day. He sent word to the camp at Mudki that the state papers in his baggage were to be burned in this event, and gave
442:
As darkness fell, Sir Harry Smith's division launched a renewed attack, which overran several Sikh batteries and penetrated into the midst of the Sikh camp, around the village of
Ferozeshah itself, before being driven back by counter-attacks. Fierce fighting continued until midnight. Many casualties
422:
As the artillery duelled, the
British and Bengal infantry advanced. General Littler came under heavy fire, and believed only a rush with the bayonet would save his division from annihilation by the Sikh guns. Three of his Bengal regiments held back (being short of water and ammunition), while one of
475:
Even as the
British were congratulating themselves, they became aware that Tej Singh's army was approaching from the west. Gough's troops were already exhausted and almost out of ammunition. As they formed up again, and came under fire from Tej Singh's guns, a capitulation was seriously considered,
414:
of the year. The battle was opened by the
British guns moving forward to open a preparatory bombardment. This proved ineffectual. Not only were the Sikh guns more numerous and protected by parapets and entrenchments, they were also far heavier than the British guns, many of which were light guns of
374:
Early on 21 December, Gough's army advanced, and came into sight of the Sikh encampment late in the morning. Gough wished to attack immediately. Hardinge thought the odds against the
British were too great, and wished to wait for the division from Ferozepur, under Major General Littler, to join the
492:
The staff officer whose apparent blunder in sending the guns and cavalry away on the second day had actually saved Gough, a
Captain Lumley who was the son of a General, was judged to have been driven temporarily insane by exhaustion and heatstroke and allowed to resign his commission, rather than
488:
While the Sikhs temporarily withdrew over the Sutlej, Gough's army camped immediately north of the battlefield. They suffered from the stench of the many dead, and many men became ill through drinking from polluted wells. One seventh of the army had been casualties. Hardinge privately criticised
471:
When dawn broke, it became clear that the
British held most of the camp, and had captured seventy-one guns. Reforming their line, Gough and Hardinge advanced north-west and by noon they had driven Lal Singh's army from the field, in spite of heavy losses from the remaining Sikh artillery.
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Gough's army itself was hard-hit and tired by the battle, and made no move on the next day, or the day after. This allowed Lal Singh's army to concentrate at
Ferozeshah and fortify its encampment.
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427:) lost almost half its men and was driven back. Part of General Gilbert's division broke into the Sikh encampment, but his own right flank was threatened by large numbers of Sikh irregular
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On the Sikh side, there was temporary dismay and much recrimination. It was evident that both Lal Singh and Tej Singh were ineffective and potentially treasonous commanders. Both were
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Gough's head-on tactics and sought to have him replaced, but no formal change of command could take place for several weeks, by which time events made it unnecessary.
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Littler's division appeared in the late afternoon, and deployed on the left of the British line. (The right division was under
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Lal Singh advanced to confront Gough. On 18 December, Lal Singh's advance guard was defeated at the untidy encounter
839:. John Chapple (1st ed.). United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Amberley Publishing Limited.
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and published in 'In Memory of the Travels of Prince Waldemar of Prussia to India 1844-1846' (Vol.II).
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The Sikh fortified camp at Ferozeshah with the approaching British Army commanded by Sir Hugh Gough.
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rather than Sikhs, and were prominent in the faction which was seeking to curtail the power of the
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attack. Eventually, Hardinge used his civil appointment as Governor General to overrule Gough.
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Charge of the 3rd (King's Own) Light Dragoons at the Battle of Ferzshuhur , 21 December 1845.
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A group of officers during the Battle of Ferozeshah. Lithograph after an original sketch by
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toward the frontier. While a detachment of the Sikh army under its commander-in-chief,
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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle ..
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in 1839, and the British desire to secure the Punjab. The Sikh army, the
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was fought on 21 December and 22 December 1845 between the British
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Ian Hernon,. "Britain's forgotten wars", Sutton Publishing, 2003,
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Night bivouac of the British Army at Ferozeshah, 21 December 1845.
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War, Culture, and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849
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419:. Gough's heavy 18-pounder guns had been left behind at Mudki.
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48:, after a sketch on the spot by Major George Francis White,
431:. The Sikh horsemen were driven back by a British cavalry
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were caused on both sides as a Sikh magazine exploded.
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his sword (a spoil of war which had once belonged to
1751:Battles involving the British East India Company
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42:Battle of Ferozshah (2nd Day), 22 December 1845
360:, advanced on Ferozepur, the main force under
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755:Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia
317:falling into disorder after the death of the
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835:Sidhu, Amarpal Singh (2016). "Chronology".
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1222:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
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16:1845 battle of the First Anglo-Sikh War
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476:to spare the wounded from massacre.
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606:1st Bengal European Light Infantry
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297:. The British emerged victorious.
281:, at the village of Ferozeshah in
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794:. Routledge. pp. 153–155.
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820:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009).
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641:33rd Bengal Native Infantry
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285:. The British were led by
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576:4th Bengal Light Cavalry
1688:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
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468:) to his aide-de-camp.
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22:Battle of Ferozeshah
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1421:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
1212:, Katoch–Sikh War,
63:21–22 December 1845
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398:Major General
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157:22,000–35,000
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46:Henry Martens
43:
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33:
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25:
20:
1703:
1551:Ilahi Bakhsh
1411:Diwan Mulraj
1401:Pratap Singh
1358:Zorawar Fort
1148:
1013:2nd Anandpur
1008:1st Anandpur
966:Duleep Singh
941:Kharak Singh
936:Ranjit Singh
855:
836:
830:
821:
790:
758:. Abc-Clio.
754:
518:British Army
495:
491:
487:
478:
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441:
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412:shortest day
409:
395:
373:
370:
339:
330:Sutlej River
322:Ranjit Singh
304:
270:
268:
242:
93:Belligerents
72:Ferozeshah,
41:
27:Part of the
1725: /
1536:Hukma Singh
1451:Gulab Singh
1381:Dhian Singh
1353:Lahore Fort
1343:Multan Fort
1338:Jamrud Fort
1291:Qing Empire
1259:Adversaries
1245:Fauj-i-Khas
922:Sikh Empire
563:Bengal Army
405:Harry Smith
346:Bengal Army
311:Sikh Empire
279:Sikh Empire
154:98–130 guns
104:Sikh Empire
1740:Categories
1713:74°47′00″E
1710:30°53′00″N
1580:Foreigners
1541:Veer Singh
1516:Chandu Lal
1250:Fauj-i-Ain
956:Sher Singh
951:Chand Kaur
737:References
447:Second Day
379:The battle
301:Background
243:Ferozeshah
179:694 killed
1446:Lal Singh
1441:Tej Singh
1318:of Poonch
1068:Jalalabad
977:conflicts
961:Jind Kaur
565:regiments
556:80th Foot
551:62nd Foot
546:50th Foot
541:31st Foot
536:29th Foot
520:regiments
484:Aftermath
425:62nd Foot
392:First Day
358:Tej Singh
342:Ferozepur
319:Maharajah
295:Lal Singh
163:howitzers
130:Tej Singh
126:Lal Singh
50:31st Foot
1666:Treaties
1048:Sadhaura
1018:Chamkaur
975:Military
863:Archived
531:9th Foot
433:regiment
277:and the
248:Baddowal
145:Strength
68:Location
1374:Natives
1316:Sudhans
1063:Lohgarh
1043:Sirhind
1033:Sonepat
1028:Muktsar
710:Sources
667:Gallery
429:cavalry
313:of the
258:Sobraon
176:70 guns
159:69 guns
1201:Others
1038:Samana
1003:Basoli
998:Nadaun
929:Rulers
843:
798:
762:
729:
719:
506:Durbar
498:Dogras
435:, the
362:Vizier
326:Khalsa
315:Punjab
283:Punjab
253:Aliwal
238:Sohana
81:Result
74:Punjab
1331:Forts
1083:Delhi
1073:Jammu
1058:Rahon
1023:Sarsa
354:Delhi
233:Mudki
174:5,000
841:ISBN
796:ISBN
760:ISBN
727:ISBN
717:ISBN
415:the
305:The
269:The
60:Date
44:by
1742::
1220:,
1216:,
1208:,
810:^
774:^
744:^
439:.
368:.
348:,
161:2
914:e
907:t
900:v
849:.
804:.
768:.
210:e
203:t
196:v
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