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action before Camden, the 25th of April, 1781', details 1 officer and 18 enlisted men killed, 5 officers and 108 enlisted men wounded, 2 officers captured (one of them wounded) and 136 enlisted men missing. Williams wrote, "The greatest part of those who are missing had not well understood the order to rally at
Saunder's creek; some were killed; 47 of them were wounded, and are in the enemy's hospital; we have tidings of about one third of the remaining number, and hope they will be able to join us". The second of these documents is a letter from Williams to his brother, dated April 27, in which he wrote, "Capt I. Smith of the Third, and Capt Lunt Bruff are both prisoners, last wounded. Lieut Trueman is a prisoner, and it is said thirty-nine privates of our army are taken, besides a number wounded, the whole amounting to about fifty" This would indicate that 2 officers and 39 enlisted men were taken prisoner apart from the 1 officer and 47 enlisted men who were wounded and captured. The total American loss at Hobkirk's Hill would therefore appear to be 19 killed; 113 wounded; 48 wounded prisoners; 41 unwounded prisoners and 50 missing unaccounted for; some of whom were killed.
750:, constructed by the British during their year-long occupation of the town, stretched from the Wateree to the Pinetree and covered the northern approaches. Upon arrival on April 20, 1781 at Camden, it was apparent that the Continentals had lost the element of surprise as Rawdon's forces were prepared on all fronts. Being unable to storm the town or surround the entire circle of fortifications, Greene chose to encamp his army about a mile and a half away on a small elevation called Hobkirk's Hill, blocking Great Waxhaw Road. As he did not have enough men to besiege Camden, Greene, hoping to draw Rawdon into an attack on the position, organized the camp so that battle positions could be taken quickly in the event of an alarm.
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wheel his men to the left and engage the
British on their flank with Ford to take his men and make a similar movement on the left. Greene ordered the two remaining regiments in the center to advance with bayonets and confront the enemy head on, while Washington was to take his cavalry around the British left flank and attack the enemy in the rear. The forceful movement of the Americans and the unexpected contribution of their artillery to the exchange inflicted heavy casualties on the British, but their line held.
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line. At this time, Benjamin Ford of the 5th
Maryland was mortally wounded, which threw his troops into disorder. When the Continental flank began to fall apart, Lord Rawdon and the Volunteers of Ireland (Rawdon's Personal Regiment) charged. The Maryland troops rallied briefly to fire a few rounds and then fled. Lord Rawdon, although outnumbered nearly two to one, and without artillery, took the field.
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704:, whose small band of militia was being pursued by 400 British troops under John Watson, in the hopes of preventing Watson and his men from reaching Camden before the battle. To that end he was successful, as the combined forces of Lee and Marion forced Watson to make a lengthy detour before eventually rejoining the British forces at Camden after the battle.
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The
British casualties were 39 killed, 210 wounded and 12 missing. The American casualties may be ascertained from two documents written by Colonel Otho Holland Williams, General Greene's deputy adjutant-general. The first of these, a 'List of the officers killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, in the
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Early the next morning a
Continental deserter, sometimes identified as a drummer, made his way into Camden. He was brought before Rawdon and informed the British commander of the Continental Army's dispositions and that they had no artillery. Fearing that Generals Marion and Lee were on their way to
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to the east with some of his artillery to cover the road from
Charleston. Finding the terrain too marshy for the artillery, Carrington removed the cannon to a position of safety and awaited further orders. On April 24, having received updated information that the additional forces were not on their
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During the advance of the 1st
Maryland on the British left, Captain William Beatty Jr., who was in command to the right of the 1st Maryland regiment, was killed causing his company to stop their advance. Gunby ordered his men to stop their advance and fall back with the intention of reforming their
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Washington and his cavalry never made it to the action. Their circuit to reach the
British rear took them to Rawdon's hospital and commissary area, where they took 200 prisoners. Thus laden, they were too late to assist in the battle, and joined Greene's army on its retreat from the battlefield.
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Having extricated his forces from the woods and forced back the pickets, Rawdon arranged his forces and slowly advanced up the ridge towards the waiting
Continentals. Greene, perceiving the British forces were presenting a narrow front, ordered an attack. He instructed Campbell on the right to
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On the morning of April 25, 1781, Rawdon was still under the impression that the
Continental army was without its artillery. At approximately 9:00 am he left the security of the Camden fortifications with 900 troops. Unknown to Rawdon, Carrington had returned to Hobkirk's Hill that morning,
623:. The battle was one of four contests in which Greene was defeated, though his overall strategy was successful in depriving the British of all South Carolina except Charleston. The battlefield marker is located at Broad Street and Greene Street two miles north of the center of modern Camden.
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at the battlefield. That afternoon, Greene sent Washington and Kirkwood back to Hobkirk's Hill, where they ambushed and drove the dragoons away; Greene turned the army around and reoccupied the site. Colonel Gunby was castigated by Greene for his actions that caused the line to break. A
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that was immediately convened found that his "spirit and activity were unexceptionable" but that his order to fall back was "in all probability the only cause why we did not obtain a complete victory", without mentioning the failures of Washington and his cavalry's late arrival.
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Washington did, however, return in time to save the three cannons from capture. The guns were dragged from the field by 45 Maryland infantrymen. This company repelled a number of charges by loyalist horsemen under John Coffin but they suffered serious losses in the process.
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on another, and the fact that Marion and Lee were wreaking havoc with his supply and communications with Charleston, convinced him that he could no longer hold Camden. On May 9, Rawdon abandoned Camden, retreating to
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bands in South Carolina. The movement was part of an intricate campaign organised by Greene involving Continental and militia troops all across the state. To that end, he sent Lee and his men to assist General
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together with the artillery and provisions, which were distributed to the Continental troops. At around 11 am, while many of the Continentals were occupied with cooking and washing clothes, their advanced
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to their right. The artillery was placed in the center with North Carolina militia in the rear. The three 6-pound cannons and 40 Virginia gunners were directed by Colonel
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Trevelyan, Sir George O. (1914). "George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding Part of The American Revolution". New York and elsewhere: Longmans, Green and Co.
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Rawdon returned to Camden, where Watson's men joined him on May 7. However, the ongoing presence of Greene on one flank and South Carolina militia general
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detected the British forces which had gained the American left by a long march skirting a swamp next to the ridge occupied by the Continental Army.
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The following evening, Greene's intelligence indicated that a force of some four hundred British soldiers was marching to Camden to join Rawdon's
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Despite the victory, Rawdon soon fell back to Camden and two weeks later found it necessary to abandon Camden and withdraw toward
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join Greene and believing the Continental artillery was many miles away, Rawdon decided it was a judicious time to attack.
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The American retreat did not last long. Rawdon withdrew most of his forces to Camden, leaving only a company of
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and its partners have saved more than 22 acres of the battlefield at Hobkirk's Hill as of mid-2023.
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I am decidedly of opinion with you that nothing is left for you but to imitate the example of
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Nothing but Blood and Slaughter: The Revolutionary War in the Carolinas. Volume Three, 1781
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The town of Camden was situated on a gentle elevation. To the south and southwest lay the
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A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America
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way to join the Camden garrison, Greene ordered Carrington back to Hobkirk's Hill.
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pursued the British force for a short time before deciding to take his forces into
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occupying Hobkirk's Hill, north of Camden, was attacked by British troops led by
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Ward, Christopher. "War of the Revolution" 2 Volumes, MacMillan, New York, 1952
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on the extreme right with another Virginia Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel
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Battles in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War 1780–1783
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Bobbs-Merrill Company 1933. reprinted by Grosset and Dunlop, New York 1971
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1st Virginia Regiment - Lieutenant Colonel Richard Campbell
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to their left. On the extreme left, Greene placed the
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2nd Virginia Regiment - Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Hawes
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where he had previously ordered supplies to be sent.
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The order of battle of forces during the battle was:
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1497:"The Battle of Hobkirk's Hill: Primary Sources"
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1416:Life of George Washington Second Edition
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675:in order to force the British back into
16:Battle of the American Revolutionary War
1485:. Spartanburg, NC: The Reprint Company.
1423:Colonel John Gunby of the Maryland Line
1391:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.
1389:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution
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1040:It is notable that the future seventh
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633:Battle of Guilford Court House
596:(sometimes referred to as the
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1387:Boatner, Mark M. III (1994).
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831:Washington's Cavalry Regiment
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1815:Battle of the Combahee River
1577:Siege of Savage's Old Fields
1481:Tarleton, Banastre (1967) .
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1358:"Hobkirk's Hill Battlefield"
1118:O'Kelley, Volume III, p. 202
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1740:Battle of Blackstock's Farm
1644:Action of 11 September 1779
1592:Battle of Sullivan's Island
1443:. Blue House Tavern Press.
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1582:Battle of Great Cane Brake
1439:O'Kelley, Patrick (2005).
1405:Greene, Francis Vinton D.
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1058:American Battlefield Trust
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621:Charleston, South Carolina
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1609:Battle of Lindley's Fort
1587:Battle of the Rice Boats
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190:900 regulars and militia
24:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
1789:Battle of Eutaw Springs
1715:Battle of Musgrove Mill
1710:Battle of Fishing Creek
1695:Battle of Cedar Springs
1670:Battle of Lenud's Ferry
1421:Gunby, Andrew Augustus
598:Second Battle of Camden
1876:Camden, South Carolina
1871:1781 in South Carolina
1820:Battle of James Island
1735:Battle of Fishdam Ford
1700:Battle of Hanging Rock
1458:Pancake, John (1985).
1302:Marshall Vol II p. 5-6
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151:Commanders and leaders
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1720:Battle of Black Mingo
1685:Battle of Rocky Mount
1639:Battle of Stono Ferry
1239:Marshall Vol. II p. 5
1200:Marshall Vol. II p. 4
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972:5th Maryland Regiment
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1462:This Destructive War
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485:Guilford Court House
204:48 wounded prisoners
1776:Siege of Ninety-Six
1771:Siege of Fort Motte
1660:Siege of Charleston
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673:South Carolina
649:South Carolina
628:
625:
614:Francis Rawdon
585:
584:
582:
581:
579:Chesapeake Bay
570:
569:
564:
562:Combahee River
559:
554:
543:
542:
537:
535:Lindley's Mill
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
495:Hobkirk's Hill
492:
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475:Wetzell's Mill
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369:
367:Tearcoat Swamp
364:
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357:Kings Mountain
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66:
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58:April 25, 1781
56:
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43:A portrait of
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1690:Huck's Defeat
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1572:Snow Campaign
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1035:Moncks Corner
1031:
1030:Thomas Sumter
1026:
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1022:court martial
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785:Major General
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530:Eutaw Springs
528:
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525:Elizabethtown
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337:Musgrove Mill
335:
333:
332:Fishing Creek
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Colson's Mill
310:
308:
307:Huck's Defeat
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
287:Lenud's Ferry
285:
283:
282:Moncks Corner
280:
278:
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144:Great Britain
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130:United States
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57:
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40:
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32:
27:
22:
1782:
1765:
1602:Carolina Day
1500:. Retrieved
1482:
1461:
1440:
1432:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1388:
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1343:
1338:Boatner, 507
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1284:Green p. 239
1280:
1271:
1261:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1205:
1158:
1149:
1055:
1052:Preservation
1039:
1027:
1014:
1010:
1001:
992:
988:
968:Samuel Hawes
957:
949:
902:(Provincial)
861:
837:
813:
778:Continentals
773:
764:
752:
741:
706:
685:Lee's Legion
666:
658:
630:
618:
597:
593:
591:
572:
571:
567:James Island
545:
544:
494:
455:Cowan's Ford
421:Green Spring
401:Waters Creek
388:
382:
381:
372:Fishdam Ford
362:Shallow Ford
322:Hanging Rock
266:
117:Belligerents
29:Part of the
1347:James p. 29
1329:Gunby p. 73
1275:Gunby p. 70
1221:Gunby p. 69
1209:Gunby p. 68
869:Isaac Huger
490:Fort Watson
465:Summerfield
445:The Village
347:Black Mingo
317:Rocky Mount
213:210 wounded
206:41 captured
202:113 wounded
176:Lord Rawdon
92: /
1840:Categories
1502:2010-01-12
1381:References
1248:Greene 239
998:Casualties
980:John Gunby
689:Washington
677:Charleston
637:Cornwallis
631:After the
627:Background
540:Raft Swamp
515:Ninety-Six
500:Fort Motte
431:Chesapeake
406:Cape Henry
277:Charleston
272:1st Mobile
215:12 missing
208:50 missing
80:80°36′26″W
77:34°16′28″N
1007:Aftermath
681:regiments
480:Pensacola
426:Francisco
411:Blandford
352:Charlotte
258:1780–1783
211:39 killed
200:19 killed
1369:June 19,
1064:See also
1017:dragoons
964:Campbell
755:garrison
748:redoubts
697:partisan
436:Yorktown
396:Richmond
182:Strength
63:Location
953:pickets
887:British
842:Colonel
800:Colonel
510:Augusta
450:Cowpens
292:Waxhaws
1783:Savage
1470:
1447:
1395:
938:Battle
727:, the
723:, the
719:, the
693:Camden
645:Greene
557:Wambaw
327:Camden
141:
105:Result
1077:Notes
1798:1782
1749:1781
1653:1780
1627:1779
1565:1775
1468:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1428:1902
1393:ISBN
1371:2023
1056:The
592:The
573:1783
546:1782
383:1781
267:1780
55:Date
1842::
1360:.
1260:,
1214:^
1193:^
1179:^
1167:^
1137:^
1123:^
1111:^
1096:^
1084:^
1044:,
1037:.
986:.
687:,
683:,
635:,
1550:e
1543:t
1536:v
1505:.
1476:.
1453:.
1401:.
1373:.
663:.
244:e
237:t
230:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
