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then counterattacked with his cavalry. While he would take care of the 2nd
Division on the center of the Imperial Army, Colonel Julian Laguna would attack the extreme left of the Brazilian forces, which were formed by only volunteers. Colonel Soler would lead his men onto the 1st Division. As Alvear planned, the open fields proved to be more suitable for cavalry units than for infantry.
604:
soldiers were eager to fight, but because of
Barbacena's caution, which the soldiers thought was excessive, they decided to go back to their homes and families to defend it themselves. After seeing the forces he had so hardly managed to recruit diminishing more and more and in order to avoid further desertions, Barbacena decided to get closer to the enemy and attack.
682:
resist to conclude it and, without further prolonging the war for another year, puts us in a very critical situation. In conclusion, if the influence of the
British cabinet, together with the precarious situation in which Portugal finds itself, does not decide the emperor to peace, my short lights cannot see a remedy for this situation
650:
The army is completely devoid of the means to besiege
Montevideo more effectively than by the land blockade, a method that experience has proven to be innocuous, as long as there is a predominance of Brazilians at sea. This war is, in its essence, a naval war and the possession of the Banda Oriental
688:
Among the trophies and equipment captured by the
Argentinians, there was the partiture of a march (allegedly written by Brazilian emperor Pedro I, himself an amateur composer), and intended to be used by the victorious Brazilian troops when entering Buenos Aires as conquerors. The march was adopted
607:
The
Imperial Forces crossed the stream as if to encircle Lavalleja's men. At first, the Oriental cavalry tried to block the passage of the 1st Imperial Army Division. Soon, they were pushed back by the enemy, which managed to take control of the artillery pieces under Colonel Felix Olazabal. Alvear
681:
Both victories (Juncal and
Ituzaingó) can help speed the conclusion of the desired peace; However, I will tell you frankly that, seeing neither of them decisive, I am very afraid that, if the emperor knows - as he should - the state of our pecuniary resources and, above all, that of our provinces,
603:
However, in a report of the battle sent to the
Minister of War, the Count of Lajes, Barbacena explains that the local men he had recruited were deserting at a rate of twenty a day because Alvear was carrying out raids against the local populace, attacking their property and burning the fields. The
595:
Some historians say that Alvear misled
Barbacena to believe that he was pursuing only the rear of the Republican Army. That is why he was anxious to take care of that part of the Republican Army and to fight Alvear's main force in a later battle. Believing so, Barbacena took the offensive and sent
611:
Only the center of the
Imperial Army kept its position. The infantry there formed squares to repel any attempt made by 2nd Corps of the enemy cavalry to subdue them. Only when it was clear that the Republican Army could encircle the 2nd Division did it withdraw from the battlefield.
532:, led to many revolts inside Brazil. Seeing a chance to break the rule of a foreign nation over their country, some Orientals raised the flag of rebellion against the Brazilian government in 1825.
592:
arrived in the battlefield the next day. Refusing some objections over the exhaustion of the army, the Marquis of Barbacena prepared his forces for action as soon as possible the following day.
443:
1035:
867:
850:
398:
354:
458:
376:
342:
369:
453:
292:
337:
448:
618:
The battle ended with a tactical victory for the Republicans since Barbacena could not march on Buenos Aires, as he had planned, but with no strategic gain for either side.
561:
brought the United Provinces into the conflict. The Buenos Aires leadership saw a chance to bring the Banda Oriental back into the United Provinces as a province. General
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433:
423:
332:
438:
383:
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322:
428:
388:
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and, perhaps, even that of Montevideo, would not mean any advantage for Buenos Aires, as long as the blockade of the river can be maintained by the enemy".
297:
265:
615:
The Republican Army could not pursue the enemy. The lack of proper means made Alvear order his men to put fire to the battlefield and to leave the scene.
568:
On January 20, 1827, Alvear moved to the border with Brazil. He attacked some small towns and villages and successfully tried to bring Barbacena to him.
696:
was signed between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces that granted independence to the Brazilian Cisplatina province (present-day Uruguay).
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113:
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by the Argentinian Army and today, named "Ituzaingó", is used at military ceremonies to hail the national flag and the President.
258:
1063:
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forced him to return to the capital without getting close to the battlefield. By December 1826, the command was given to General
364:
1117:
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1009:
980:
950:
585:
64:
1112:
1051:
Brazilian ephemerides, in Portuguese, by the Baron of Rio Branco, page 158 onwards, it contains third party information too
539:
at the time. Nevertheless, as the rebellion spread fast, Pedro I had to gather an army by any way that he could to send to
535:
At first, the fight did not attract much attention from the Brazilian government, which was dealing with revolts even in
251:
482:
fought in the vicinity of the Santa Maria River, in a valley of small hills where a stream divided the valley into two.
898:
1107:
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596:
his cavalry and infantry toward the 1st Corps of the Republican Army, which was under the command of Oriental leader
1137:
413:
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Ten years in Brazil, a firsthand account of the battle by the German mercenary Carl Seidler, page 95 onwards
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The war went on for one more year with inconclusive frays on land between small groups of men on each side.
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The Brazilian Army was, at first, led by Pedro I himself. Political problems and the death of Empress
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The battle lasted for about six hours, beginning at around six in the morning of 20 February 1827.
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Therefore, also the actions by the Navies played a role in the outcome of the conflict.
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Page 6 onwards contains the narratives of the battle by the commanders on both sides
588:. Alvear had previously chosen that place to maximize his advantage in cavalry. The
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101:
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1016:
A War Betwixt Englishmen: Brazil Against Argentina on the River Plate. 1825-1830
975:. Vol. VI: efemérides brasileiras. Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão.
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shortly after the republican triumph in Ituzaingó. On the ground, the cities of
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Memoirs, by José Maria Paz, who fought on the side of the United Provinces
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The Banda Oriental was incorporated as a Brazilian province in 1822, when
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Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la República Argentina
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Latin America's Wars, Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899
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172~200 dead, 91~150 wounded, 74 prisoners and up to 800 missing
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After a two-year series of continuous sundry skirmishes in the
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1,200 dead, «large number of prisoners» and 10 cannons captured
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Latin America's Wars The Age of the Caudillo, Robert L Scheina
996:(in Spanish). Vol. IV. Buenos Aires: Editorial Oriente.
528:. The centralized government, under the reign of Emperor
820:
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By February 18, the Republican Army reached a stream of
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The Empire of Brazil achieved naval dominance with the
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Historia argentina: Unitarios y federales (1826-1841)
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565:was appointed as commander of the Republican Army.
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505:(including Orientals) engaged in combat with the
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543:(the province's name under Brazilian control).
945:(in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: IBRASA.
703:referenced the battle in his 1942 short story
259:
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497:) and along the border of this region with
557:By then, the appeal the Orientals sent to
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967:. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército.
925:. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército.
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935:. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.
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671:was very clear about that. He said to
641:remained under the control of Brazil.
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942:Dicionário das batalhas brasileiras
885:Ponsonby's letter to George Canning
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1056:La Gazeta. Batalla de Ituzaingó.
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961:Lecor e a Cisplatina 1816-1828
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1118:Battles of the Cisplatine War
930:História da Guerra Cisplatina
869:A Batalha do Passo do Rosário
852:A Batalha do Passo do Rosário
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1123:History of Rio Grande do Sul
973:Obras do Barão do Rio Branco
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554:, the Marquis of Barbacena.
7:
1113:Battles involving Argentina
959:Duarte, Paulo de Q (1985).
10:
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1000:Scheina, Robert L (2003).
920:História Militar do Brasil
476:Battle of Passo do Rosário
990:Rosa, José María (1972).
918:Barroso, Gustavo (2000).
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552:Felisberto Caldeira Brant
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31:
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1108:Battles involving Brazil
1018:. London: I. B. Tauris.
971:Garcia, Rodolfo (2012).
939:Donato, Hernâni (1987).
928:Carneiro, David (1946).
631:battle of Monte Santiago
524:became independent from
238:211 dead and 331 wounded
224:147 dead and 256 wounded
79:United Provinces victory
789:. Batalla de Ituzaingó.
748:. Batalla de Ituzaingó.
590:Brazilian Imperial Army
507:Imperial Brazilian Army
205:200 dead and 90 wounded
692:Eventually, in 1828 a
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639:Colonia del Sacramento
598:Juan Antonio Lavalleja
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563:Carlos María de Alvear
365:Colonia del Sacramento
120:Commanders and leaders
1079:30.24500°S 54.87472°W
1004:. Potomac Books Inc.
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658:Ponsonby's letter to
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196:Casualties and losses
1138:February 1827 events
1084:-30.24500; -54.87472
1014:Vale, Brian (2000).
474:, also known as the
133:Marquis of Barbacena
40:Federico de Brandsen
1075: /
705:Funes the Memorious
699:Argentinian writer
667:Speaking about it,
580:Scene of the battle
472:Battle of Ituzaingó
414:Carmen de Patagones
235:Brazilian Estimate:
227:Argentine Estimate:
214:Brazilian Estimate:
208:Argentine Estimate:
188:Brazilian Estimate:
182:Argentine Estimate:
169:Brazilian Estimate:
163:Argentine Estimate:
145:Carlos M. de Alvear
19:Battle of Ituzaingó
829:, p. 166-167.
669:José de San Martín
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449:Costa de Castillos
1103:Conflicts in 1827
1010:978-1-57488-450-0
982:978-85-7631-357-1
952:978-85-348-0034-1
701:Jorge Luis Borges
586:Santa Maria River
495:Rio Grande do Sul
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293:Puntas del Águila
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839:Garcia 2012
827:Garcia 2012
800:Garcia 2012
774:Donato 1987
759:Garcia 2012
673:Tomás Guido
439:2nd Quilmes
394:1st Quilmes
191:9,000~9,800
172:5,600~6,200
67:, southern
1097:Categories
1070:54°52′29″W
1067:30°14′42″S
711:References
635:Montevideo
548:Leopoldina
541:Cisplatina
516:Background
378:Imperatriz
871:, p. 407
854:, p. 406
815:Rosa 1972
787:La Gazeta
746:La Gazeta
716:Citations
622:Aftermath
389:Los Pozos
371:Nictheroy
338:Las Cañas
318:Ituzaingó
38:Death of
963:. v. 2.
656:—
526:Portugal
478:, was a
429:San Blas
230:500 dead
151:Strength
59:Location
530:Pedro I
491:Uruguay
323:Camacuã
308:Vacacai
303:Sarandí
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1008:
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572:Battle
522:Brazil
499:Brazil
404:Juncal
328:Yerbal
298:Rincón
166:10,000
99:
76:Result
69:Brazil
185:7,700
179:7,700
160:6,300
63:Near
1020:ISBN
1006:ISBN
977:ISBN
947:ISBN
637:and
493:and
470:The
313:Umbu
51:Date
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267:e
260:t
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