395:- Muhammad conferred Iltutmish with a robe of honour for his heroic performance in the battle. He also ordered the deed of manumission on him and freed him of his mawālī obligations despite the fact that his master Qutb al-Din Aibak was not manumitted until then. The campaign against the Khokhars also yielded Muhammad an enormous amount of slaves and booty.
378:
on the next day, where son of an eminent
Khokhar chief who was in possession of a strong citadel from where they were raiding the Ghurid domains, surrendered it to the Ghurids after a brief siege and accepted Muhammad's suzerainty. After capitulation of the citadel, several Khokhars who took refuge
422:, Muhammad was assassinated by the Khokhars who avenged the slaughter of their kinsman in the latestly concluded battle, although this is not attested by the earlier accounts of Juzjani and other Muslim historians who attributed the murder of Muhammad to the
387:
The
Khokhars were thus subdued by Muhammad with a great deal of barbarity as a large number of them were massacred and many were taken as prisoners who were subsequently converted to
301:. Ghurid governors stationed in these domains by Muhammad were Bahauddin Muhammad and Sulaiman who both made an attempt to oust the Khokhars but were made to fled with heavy losses.
312:
through
Sirajuddin Abu Bakar, startled by the situation, Muhammad summarily made arrangements to crush the Khokhar uprising and thus, himself advanced with a large army from
348:
in course of which the
Khokhars offered a stiff resistance from early morning until the sunset and nearly carried the day, although the timely arrival of Aibak and
430:, speculated that Muhammad was jointly assassinated by the pact of Khokhars and Ismailis given the life-long persecution they endured from Muhammad of Ghor.
379:
in it after their defeat a day before in the pitched battle, fled to the nearby forest which was callously burnt down by
Muhammad and his army.
829:
849:
754:
The
Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206-1290 A.D.
219:. After a fierce battle, the Ghurids eventually routed the Khokhars who were thereafter massacred and enslaved in a large number.
293:
and pillaged the whole countryside. The
Khokhars further made a thurst for annexation of Lahore by cutting off the roads between
834:
854:
809:
738:
714:
222:
The battle was the last involving
Muhammad of Ghor, who was assassinated on his way back to his capital on 15 March 1206 at
336:
When the forces of
Qutubuddin Aibak gathered to join Muhammad, the Khokhar rebels made an attempt to stop him crossing the
35:
20:
199:, several rebellions occurred throughout their empire, most menacing was that of the rebellious natives of the
352:
decided the issue in favour of
Muhammad who restored to a mass slaughter of the Khokhars after their victory.
363:" despite being a slave at the point. Nizami further describes the battle that "at the head of the army of
340:
river and join his master but were defeated and crushed. A pitched battle took place between the rivers
844:
839:
724:
359:
in his florid "Taj-ul-Masir" exemplify the role of Iltutmish during the battle and hailed him as the "
768:
Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib
748:
239:
799:
398:
After crushing the Khokhar insurrection in Lahore and granting Qutubuddin Aibak to leave for
371:- Shamsuddin Iltutmish who "kneaded the soil of the battlefield with the blood of Khokhars".
779:(1970). "Foundation of the Delhi Sultanate". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
211:
to deal with Khokhars and his forces were further augmented by the Indian contingents under
785:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
8:
184:. The Ghurids won the battle decisively and thus quelled the Khokhar insurrection in the
251:
706:
The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World
805:
786:
734:
710:
360:
255:
196:
317:
263:
247:
212:
200:
181:
113:
105:
780:
766:
752:
728:
704:
392:
281:. The Khokhars under their leaders Sarkha and Bakan in coalition with a chief of
762:
418:) while offering the evening prayers. According to the 17th century chronicler
823:
423:
88:
790:
776:
427:
356:
278:
274:
58:
316:
during the winters of 1205. Furthermore, Muhammad directed his lieutenant
328:
region then to join the Ghurid forces with their respective contingents.
286:
407:
375:
282:
185:
262:. The disastrous expedition led to the widespread insurrection in the
782:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
368:
349:
321:
216:
109:
419:
415:
294:
270:
259:
173:
169:
93:
62:
411:
243:
223:
192:
403:
345:
341:
337:
325:
313:
309:
305:
298:
290:
235:
208:
204:
177:
165:
399:
388:
364:
374:
After routing the Khokhars, Muhammad marched further in the
529:
527:
488:
266:
with several uprisings against the authority of Muhammad.
688:
Chronicler Ibn al-Athir mentioned him as a Muslim convert
801:
Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century
611:
587:
524:
476:
464:
440:
635:
575:
551:
285:- Raisal began raiding the Ghurid domains west of the
659:
647:
623:
599:
512:
269:
The most potent of these insurrections were from the
207:
itself. Hence, Muhammad of Ghor himself marched from
563:
539:
500:
452:
367:
and the support of warriors of faith was the second
320:
who was in charge of Delhi along with Aibak's slave
164:was fought in the early 1206 on the bank of river
426:. Some scholars, on the basis of the writings of
821:
308:region reached the court of Muhammad of Ghor in
254:, only to suffer a disastrous defeat near
747:
593:
494:
482:
273:who were influential in the zone between
242:in March 1203, his junior partner in the
203:, the Khokhars, who endeavoured to seize
797:
581:
557:
533:
518:
16:Khokhar rebellion against Muhammad Ghori
723:
653:
605:
822:
775:
665:
629:
506:
458:
761:
702:
641:
617:
569:
545:
470:
446:
830:Battles involving the Ghurid dynasty
406:. However, on his way back from the
304:The news of Khokhar uprising in the
36:Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor
13:
730:History of Medieval India:800-1700
172:. It was fought between the rebel
14:
866:
798:Siddiqui, Iqtidar Husain (2010).
402:, Muhammad started his return to
21:Battle of Jhelum (disambiguation)
850:Battles involving Turkic peoples
749:Habibullah, Abul Barkat Muhammud
695:
410:, Muhammad was assassinated at
258:to whom they lost any claim to
709:. Cambridge University Press.
682:
391:. According to the chronicler
1:
835:13th-century military history
433:
229:
191:After crushing defeat of the
855:Battles involving the Tajiks
771:. People's Publishing House.
382:
7:
250:mounted an invasion of the
10:
871:
18:
331:
145:
132:
99:
82:
41:
33:
28:
675:
355:Contemporary chronicler
703:Biran, Michael (2005).
240:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
162:Battle of Jhelum (1206)
176:led by Sarkha and the
100:Commanders and leaders
146:Casualties and losses
121:Sirajuddin Abu Bakhar
324:who was holding the
19:For other uses, see
757:Central Book Depot.
234:After the death of
168:in the present-day
49:February–March 1206
733:. Orient Longman.
620:, p. 133-134.
473:, p. 134-135.
449:, p. 132-133.
252:Khwarezmian Empire
117:Bahauddin Muhammad
845:History of Punjab
840:Conflicts in 1206
811:978-81-908918-0-6
740:978-81-250-3226-7
716:978-0-521-84226-6
361:Sultan of Sultans
197:Battle of Andkhud
158:
157:
78:
77:
862:
815:
804:. Primus Books.
794:
772:
758:
744:
720:
689:
686:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
644:, p. 69-70.
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
536:, p. 48-49.
531:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
497:, p. 63,72.
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
414:(in present-day
318:Qutubuddin Aibak
264:Ghurid Sultanate
248:Muhammad of Ghor
213:Qutubuddin Aibak
201:Pothohar Plateau
182:Muhammad of Ghor
114:Qutubuddin Aibak
106:Muhammad of Ghor
43:
42:
29:Battle of Jhelum
26:
25:
870:
869:
865:
864:
863:
861:
860:
859:
820:
819:
818:
812:
763:Habib, Mohammad
741:
725:Chandra, Satish
717:
698:
693:
692:
687:
683:
678:
673:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
612:
604:
600:
594:Habibullah 1961
592:
588:
580:
576:
568:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
532:
525:
517:
513:
505:
501:
495:Habibullah 1961
493:
489:
483:Habibullah 1961
481:
477:
469:
465:
457:
453:
445:
441:
436:
385:
334:
232:
127:
125:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
66:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
868:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
817:
816:
810:
795:
773:
759:
745:
739:
721:
715:
699:
697:
694:
691:
690:
680:
679:
677:
674:
671:
670:
668:, p. 179.
658:
646:
634:
632:, p. 213.
622:
610:
598:
586:
574:
572:, p. 135.
562:
550:
548:, p. 134.
538:
523:
511:
509:, p. 178.
499:
487:
475:
463:
461:, p. 161.
451:
438:
437:
435:
432:
384:
381:
333:
330:
231:
228:
180:forces led by
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
122:
102:
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
74:Ghurid victory
72:
68:
67:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
867:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
813:
807:
803:
802:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
778:
777:Nizami, K. A.
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
718:
712:
708:
707:
701:
700:
685:
681:
667:
662:
656:, p. 72.
655:
650:
643:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
608:, p. 73.
607:
602:
596:, p. 63.
595:
590:
584:, p. 49.
583:
582:Siddiqui 2010
578:
571:
566:
560:, p. 48.
559:
558:Siddiqui 2010
554:
547:
542:
535:
534:Siddiqui 2010
530:
528:
521:, p. 47.
520:
519:Siddiqui 2010
515:
508:
503:
496:
491:
485:, p. 72.
484:
479:
472:
467:
460:
455:
448:
443:
439:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
380:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
227:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
153:
150:
149:
144:
140:
137:
136:
131:
123:
115:
111:
107:
104:
103:
98:
95:
92:
90:
89:Ghurid Empire
87:
86:
81:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:(present-day
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
800:
781:
767:
753:
729:
705:
696:Bibliography
684:
661:
654:Chandra 2007
649:
637:
625:
613:
606:Chandra 2007
601:
589:
577:
565:
553:
541:
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
428:Ibn al-Athir
397:
386:
373:
357:Hasan Nizami
354:
335:
303:
279:Churia Hills
277:down to the
275:Indus Valley
268:
233:
221:
190:
161:
159:
83:Belligerents
59:Jhelum River
666:Nizami 1970
630:Nizami 1970
507:Nizami 1970
459:Nizami 1970
287:Indus Delta
824:Categories
642:Biran 2005
618:Habib 1981
570:Habib 1981
546:Habib 1981
471:Habib 1981
447:Habib 1981
434:References
408:Salt Range
376:Salt Range
283:Salt Range
230:Background
186:Salt Range
383:Aftermath
369:Alexander
350:Iltutmish
322:Iltutmish
217:Iltutmish
110:Iltutmish
791:31870180
765:(1981).
751:(1961).
727:(2007).
424:Ismāīlīs
420:Ferishta
416:Pakistan
295:Peshawar
271:Khokhars
260:Khurasan
256:Andhkhud
174:Khokhars
170:Pakistan
133:Strength
119:Sulaiman
94:Khokhars
63:Pakistan
54:Location
34:Part of
412:Dhamiak
393:Juzjani
289:around
244:dyarchy
224:Dhamiak
193:Ghurids
151:Unknown
141:Unknown
138:Unknown
808:
789:
737:
713:
404:Ghazna
346:Jhelum
342:Chenab
338:Chenab
332:Battle
326:Badaun
314:Ghazna
310:Ghazna
306:Panjab
299:Multan
291:Lahore
238:ruler
236:Ghurid
209:Ghazna
205:Lahore
178:Ghurid
166:Jhelum
128:Sarkha
126:Bakhan
124:Raisal
71:Result
676:Notes
400:Delhi
389:Islam
365:Islam
154:Heavy
806:ISBN
787:OCLC
735:ISBN
711:ISBN
344:and
297:and
215:and
160:The
46:Date
195:in
826::
526:^
246:,
226:.
188:.
814:.
793:.
743:.
719:.
65:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.