397:
404:
665:
says, based on the presence of both Fife and Bruce, that 4,000 "is probably the closest to the truth". The Scots attacked the part of the
English force on the beach, but were driven off after a hard-pressed assault by the fire of English longbowmen and by their supporting infantry, before Balliol and
605:
and plotted an invasion of
Scotland. Edward III was aware of the scheme and officially forbade it. The reality was different, and Edward III was happy to cause trouble for his northern neighbour. He insisted that Balliol not invade Scotland overland from England but ignored his forces sailing for
699:, where the Scots vastly outnumbered the invaders; by ten to one according to an estimate by Rogers. Despite this the Scots suffered a serious defeat, with thousands killed, including much of the nobility. Balliol was crowned king of Scotland at
661:(an illegitimate son of King Robert the Bruce). Contemporary and near-contemporary English chronicles record their number variously as 4,000, 10,000, 14,000 and 24,000. Scottish sources imply that the force was much smaller. The historian
703:, the traditional place of coronation for Scottish monarchs, on 24 September. Balliol's support within Scotland was limited and within six months it had collapsed. He was ambushed by supporters of David II at the
192:
707:
a few months after his coronation. Balliol fled to
England half-dressed and riding bareback. He appealed to Edward III for assistance. Edward supported him, inflicted a defeat on the Scots at the
347:
711:
in July 1333 and put
Balliol back on the Scottish throne. Balliol was deposed again in 1334, restored again in 1335 and finally deposed in 1336, by those loyal to David II.
185:
606:
Scotland from
Yorkshire ports on 31 July 1332. The Scots were aware of the situation and were waiting for Balliol. David II's regent was an experienced old soldier,
669:
Scottish accounts of the time dismiss their losses as trivial, while one
English source gives 90 Scots killed, two give 900, and a fourth 1,000. One chronicle, the
646:
to him, with many of his troops. Knowing Mar to be commanding the troops on the northern shore of the firth, Balliol landed there, at Wester
Kinghorn (present day
178:
679:. There is no record of casualties suffered by Balliol's men. Buoyed by this victory, Balliol and Beaumont's force completed their disembarkation and marched to
340:
1284:
480:
Balliol and
Beaumont's forces were still disembarking from their ships when the Scots attacked them. The Scots pressed hard, but were beaten off by English
333:
492:
could get ashore. The
Scottish losses are disputed, but included several nobles. The invaders fought the main Scottish army five days later at the
1245:
675:, reports that Fife was "full of shame" at being defeated by such a small force. Five or six nobles were among the dead, including
1212:
1193:
1171:
1149:
1130:
1111:
419:
626:. He anticipated being joined by large numbers of Scots once he had landed. While they were underway, the Scots selected
376:
202:
30:
1063:
607:
598:
505:
450:
371:
544:
297:
1181:
658:
458:
106:
357:
292:
280:
676:
110:
1299:
654:
653:
While the invaders were still disembarking they were confronted by a large
Scottish force commanded by
454:
102:
1294:
520:
470:
1289:
642:, commanded those to the south. Balliol had been in communication with Mar and hoped that he would
639:
627:
314:
248:
708:
696:
493:
396:
253:
226:
548:
532:
527:
as a prelude to his invasion of Scotland. The 30 years of warfare that followed ended in the
268:
258:
587:
8:
1055:
509:
381:
80:
687:, amalgamated the survivors of Kinghorn and sent out a general call for reinforcements.
1159:
1082:
662:
540:
524:
496:
and inflicted a crushing defeat. Balliol was crowned king of Scotland on 24 September.
263:
90:
1230:
1222:
1208:
1189:
1167:
1145:
1126:
1107:
1090:
1059:
1052:
Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century: Discipline, Tactics, and Technology
1035:
610:. He had prepared for Balliol and Beaumont, but he died ten days before they sailed.
528:
243:
170:
127:
552:
462:
114:
704:
700:
684:
302:
231:
670:
635:
573:
446:
123:
85:
1142:
The Coronation Chair and Stone of Scone: History, Archaeology and Conservation
1278:
1260:
1247:
1094:
1047:
1039:
325:
1234:
1106:. University of Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
466:
680:
647:
619:
489:
438:
410:
145:
54:
1086:
562:) in 1328 but this was widely resented in England and commonly known as
623:
572:
to Bruce and were disinherited; they left Scotland to join forces with
481:
683:, where they looted a Scottish armoury. Mar withdrew to the capital,
643:
602:
474:
445:, Scotland. An invading seaborne force of 1,500 men was commanded by
634:, and divided their large army: Mar commanded the part north of the
1205:
Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery, and Murder in Medieval England
1125:. Yale Medieval Monarchs series. New Haven: Yale University Press.
485:
150:
1164:
War Cruel and Sharp: English Strategy under Edward III, 1327–1360
1188:. The Hundred Years' War. Vol. I. London: Faber and Faber.
631:
569:
536:
535:
was nearly captured. This disastrous campaign brought Edward's
568:, "the shameful peace". Some Scottish nobles refused to swear
469:
and was attempting to make good his claim to be the rightful
465:) was defeated with heavy loss. Balliol was the son of King
887:
839:
935:
764:
442:
425:
863:
851:
829:
827:
754:
752:
1073:
Nicholson, Ranald (1961). "The Siege of Berwick, 1333".
1007:
1032:
Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland
983:
911:
812:
788:
725:
597:). In 1331, under the leadership of Edward Balliol and
508:
between England and Scotland began in March 1296, when
453:. A Scottish army, possibly 4,000 strong, commanded by
971:
899:
824:
749:
586:
Robert Bruce died in 1329; his heir was five-year-old
200:
959:
776:
947:
923:
875:
437:
was fought on 6 August 1332 at Wester Kinghorn (now
995:
800:
695:On 11 August Balliol's force met Mar's army at the
737:
16:Battle of the Second War of Scottish Independence
1276:
618:Balliol's force was small, only 1,500 men: 500
601:, the disinherited Scottish nobles gathered in
547:, to the negotiating table. They agreed to the
355:
531:, during which the newly-crowned 14-year-old
341:
186:
1285:Battles of the Wars of Scottish Independence
563:
348:
334:
193:
179:
1101:
1072:
1013:
794:
758:
666:Beaumont's men-at-arms could get ashore.
424:The location of the battle within modern
1180:
1030:Barrow, Geoffrey Wallis Steuart (1965).
989:
941:
833:
770:
714:
473:. He hoped that many of the Scots would
1225:(1907). Amours, François Joseph (ed.).
1221:
1139:
1046:
977:
965:
905:
893:
869:
845:
782:
403:
1277:
1229:. Vol. II. Edinburgh: Blackwood.
1166:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
1158:
1120:
1054:. Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, NY:
1029:
1001:
953:
929:
917:
881:
857:
818:
806:
731:
583:), whom Edward I had deposed in 1296.
329:
174:
1202:
743:
31:Second War of Scottish Independence
13:
1227:The Original Chronicle of Scotland
608:Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
506:First War of Scottish Independence
14:
1311:
1034:. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
659:Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale
459:Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale
402:
395:
1104:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages
592:
578:
557:
514:
1075:The Scottish Historical Review
599:Henry Beaumont, Earl of Buchan
451:Henry Beaumont, Earl of Buchan
1:
499:
461:(an illegitimate son of King
719:
690:
576:, son of King John Balliol (
523:the Scottish border town of
7:
10:
1316:
1207:. New York: Random House.
1102:Nicholson, Ranald (1974).
1022:
630:, as the new guardian, or
359:Scottish Independence Wars
1140:Rodwell, Warwick (2013).
613:
382:Later Anglo-Scottish Wars
367:
298:Berwick (1355 & 1356)
212:
156:
133:
96:
74:
36:
28:
23:
205:of Scottish Independence
165:Unknown, but few, if any
53:Wester Kinghorn (modern
1144:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
1123:The Reign of Edward III
709:Battle of Halidon Hill
697:Battle of Dupplin Moor
640:Patrick, Earl of March
564:
494:Battle of Dupplin Moor
488:even before Balliol's
97:Commanders and leaders
1203:Weir, Alison (2006).
1121:Ormrod, Mark (1990).
715:Citations and sources
650:), on 6 August 1332.
549:Treaty of Northampton
157:Casualties and losses
1056:Boydell & Brewer
896:, p. 116 n. 28.
848:, p. 116 n. 27.
773:, pp. 124, 126.
655:Duncan, Earl of Fife
484:and some supporting
455:Duncan, Earl of Fife
420:class=notpageimage|
1257: /
944:, pp. 125–126.
872:, pp. 113–114.
860:, p. 36 n. 53.
677:Sir Alexander Seton
628:Donald, Earl of Mar
510:Edward I of England
81:Kingdom of Scotland
1182:Sumption, Jonathan
821:, pp. 34, 36.
734:, pp. 99–100.
541:Isabella of France
521:stormed and sacked
435:Battle of Kinghorn
91:Kingdom of England
86:Balliol supporters
24:Battle of Kinghorn
1300:Conflicts in 1332
1214:978-0-34545-320-4
1195:978-0-57120-095-5
1173:978-0-85115-804-4
1151:978-1-78297-153-5
1132:978-0-300-11910-7
1113:978-0-05002-038-8
920:, pp. 36–37.
529:Weardale campaign
390:
389:
323:
322:
169:
168:
128:Henry de Beaumont
70:
69:
1307:
1295:1332 in Scotland
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1261:56.060°N 3.231°W
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1238:
1218:
1199:
1177:
1160:Rogers, Clifford
1155:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1069:
1043:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
747:
741:
735:
729:
596:
595: 1329–1371
594:
582:
581: 1292–1296
580:
567:
561:
560: 1306–1329
559:
553:Robert the Bruce
518:
517: 1272–1307
516:
471:king of Scotland
463:Robert the Bruce
406:
405:
399:
362:
360:
350:
343:
336:
327:
326:
207:
195:
188:
181:
172:
171:
162:90, 900 or 1,000
119:
38:
37:
21:
20:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1290:History of Fife
1275:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1223:Wyntoun, Andrew
1215:
1196:
1186:Trial by Battle
1174:
1152:
1133:
1114:
1066:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
750:
742:
738:
730:
726:
722:
717:
705:Battle of Annan
693:
663:Clifford Rogers
616:
591:
577:
556:
533:King Edward III
513:
502:
431:
430:
429:
428:
422:
416:
415:
414:
413:
411:Wester Kinghorn
407:
391:
386:
363:
358:
356:
354:
324:
319:
303:Burnt Candlemas
281:Neville's Cross
208:
204:
201:
199:
148:
143:
126:
115:
111:Alexander Seton
109:
107:Lord Liddesdale
105:
89:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1266:56.060; -3.231
1240:
1239:
1219:
1213:
1200:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1156:
1150:
1137:
1131:
1118:
1112:
1099:
1081:(129): 19–42.
1070:
1065:978-0851155715
1064:
1048:DeVries, Kelly
1044:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1016:, p. 129.
1014:Nicholson 1974
1006:
994:
992:, p. 128.
982:
980:, p. 395.
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
908:, p. 117.
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
836:, p. 125.
823:
811:
799:
797:, p. 124.
795:Nicholson 1974
787:
785:, p. 116.
775:
763:
759:Nicholson 1961
748:
746:, p. 314.
736:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
692:
689:
636:Firth of Forth
615:
612:
574:Edward Balliol
545:Roger Mortimer
501:
498:
447:Edward Balliol
423:
418:
417:
409:
408:
401:
400:
394:
393:
392:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
368:
365:
364:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
321:
320:
318:
317:
315:Berwick (1357)
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
295:
289:
288:
284:
283:
277:
276:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
249:Berwick (1333)
246:
240:
239:
235:
234:
229:
224:
218:
217:
213:
210:
209:
198:
197:
190:
183:
175:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
124:Edward Balliol
121:
99:
98:
94:
93:
83:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1312:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
990:Sumption 1990
986:
979:
974:
968:, p. 25.
967:
962:
956:, p. 45.
955:
950:
943:
942:Sumption 1990
938:
932:, p. 41.
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
890:
884:, p. 36.
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
847:
842:
835:
834:Sumption 1990
830:
828:
820:
815:
809:, p. 35.
808:
803:
796:
791:
784:
779:
772:
771:Sumption 1990
767:
761:, p. 19.
760:
755:
753:
745:
740:
733:
728:
724:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
667:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
611:
609:
604:
600:
589:
584:
575:
571:
566:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
421:
412:
398:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
328:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
206:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
177:
176:
173:
164:
161:
160:
155:
152:
147:
141:
138:
137:
132:
129:
125:
122:
120:
118:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
73:
66:Rebel victory
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
48:
47:
44:6 August 1332
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1242:
1226:
1204:
1185:
1163:
1141:
1122:
1103:
1078:
1074:
1051:
1031:
1009:
1004:, p. 8.
997:
985:
978:Wyntoun 1907
973:
966:Rodwell 2013
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
906:DeVries 1998
901:
894:DeVries 1998
889:
877:
870:DeVries 1998
865:
853:
846:DeVries 1998
841:
814:
802:
790:
783:DeVries 1998
778:
766:
739:
727:
694:
671:
668:
652:
617:
585:
503:
479:
467:John Balliol
434:
432:
309:Peace treaty
254:Halidon Hill
227:Dupplin Moor
221:
116:
103:Earl of Fife
88:assisted by:
75:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1264: /
1002:Ormrod 1990
954:Rogers 2014
930:Rogers 2014
918:Rogers 2014
882:Rogers 2014
858:Rogers 2014
819:Rogers 2014
807:Rogers 2014
732:Barrow 1965
681:Dunfermline
648:Burntisland
620:men-at-arms
490:men-at-arms
439:Burntisland
293:Nesbit Moor
259:Boroughmuir
146:men-at-arms
55:Burntisland
1279:Categories
1249:56°03′36″N
624:longbowmen
622:and 1,000
565:turpis pax
500:Background
482:longbowmen
203:Second War
1252:3°13′52″W
1162:(2014) .
1095:664601468
1050:(1998) .
1040:655056131
744:Weir 2006
720:Citations
691:Aftermath
603:Yorkshire
287:1355–1356
238:1333–1342
1235:61938371
1184:(1990).
1087:25526630
638:, while
588:David II
486:infantry
477:to him.
264:Culblean
222:Kinghorn
151:infantry
149:• 1,000
134:Strength
49:Location
1023:Sources
537:regents
525:Berwick
244:Dornock
117:†
1233:
1211:
1192:
1170:
1148:
1129:
1110:
1093:
1085:
1062:
1038:
657:, and
644:desert
632:regent
614:Battle
570:fealty
475:desert
457:, and
377:Second
144:• 500
139:~4,000
113:
63:Result
1083:JSTOR
701:Scone
685:Perth
551:with
372:First
269:Perth
232:Annan
142:1,500
1231:OCLC
1209:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1091:OCLC
1079:XXXX
1060:ISBN
1036:OCLC
672:Brut
543:and
504:The
449:and
443:Fife
433:The
426:Fife
275:1346
216:1332
41:Date
441:),
1281::
1089:.
1077:.
1058:.
826:^
751:^
593:r.
579:r.
558:r.
539:,
519:)
515:r.
1237:.
1217:.
1198:.
1176:.
1154:.
1135:.
1116:.
1097:.
1068:.
1042:.
590:(
555:(
512:(
349:e
342:t
335:v
194:e
187:t
180:v
57:)
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