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20-kilometre-long (12 mi) armoured column on the track leading to the post advancing in the general direction of the
Longewala post. Directing Dharam Veer Bhakri's patrol to trail the advancing armoured column, Chandpuri contacted battalion headquarters, requesting urgent reinforcements and armour and artillery support. Battalion headquarters gave him the choice of staying put and containing the attack as much as possible, or carrying out a tactical retreat to Ramgarh, as reinforcements would not be available that night. Despite his command having all the transportation to retreat back on time, he chose to stay and fight back the advancing enemy.
308:
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1437:, some military analysts have opined that the attack may have been poorly planned and executed, given the terrain. Some Pakistani tanks suffered engine failure due to overheating in trying to extricate themselves, and were abandoned. The open desert battleground provided little to no cover for the tanks and infantry from air attacks. The plan to capture Longewala may have been good in conception, but failed due to lack of air cover. As a result, two tank regiments failed to take Longewala.
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1269:, which had been deployed to the area in secrecy just a day earlier. The direct support battery was attached to the 168 Field Regiment and served as its "Sierra" Battery. Immediately after PAF strikes on Indian airfields on 3 December, Chandpuri dispatched a 20-man-strong patrol under Second Lieutenant Dharam Veer to Boundary Pillar (BP) 638, on the border. This patrol was to play an important part in detecting the advances of Pakistani forces.
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The
Pakistani advance then attempted to surround the post two hours later by vehicles getting off the road, but many vehicles, particularly armoured personnel carriers and tanks, in trying to soften up the Indian defenders before attacking, became bogged down in the soft sand of the area surrounding the post. Throughout the engagement, Chandpuri continued to direct the supporting artillery fire.
295:
1325:
In all, the post defenders claimed 12 tanks destroyed or damaged. The initial
Pakistani attack stalled almost immediately when the infantry discovered the barbed wire which had not been spotted in the night, and interpreted it as signifying a minefield. Firing for the Indian RCL crews was made easier
1388:
By noon the next day, the assault had ended completely, having cost
Pakistan 36 tanks 22 of which were destroyed by aircraft fire, 12 by ground anti-tank fire, and 2 captured after being abandoned, with a total of around 100 vehicles destroyed or damaged in the desert around the post. The Pakistani
1334:
at ground level for the
Pakistani infantry, adding to the confusion. Two hours were lost as Pakistani sappers were brought up, only to discover there was no minefield. However, at this time, Pakistani infantry were required to make another attack, from a different direction, but in the dawn light.
1202:
plan was decided upon. This involved two infantry brigades and two armoured regiments. A separate division, the 18th
Division, was formed for this purpose. The 18th Division's operation orders required one infantry brigade (206th) with an armoured regiment (38th Cavalry) to capture and establish a
1214:
The
Pakistani plan was to reach Longewala, Ramgarh and Jaisalmer. The plan was far-fetched from the start, if only because it called for a night attack to be conducted over terrain that was not preceded by route or engineer reconnaissance, and the armoured troops were therefore unaware the ground
1412:
Notwithstanding the Indian victory, there were intelligence and strategic failures on both sides. India's intelligence service failed to provide warning of such a large armoured force in the western sector. Moreover, the defending post was not heavily armed. Finally, they did not push home their
1300:
During the night of the 4th, Dharam Veer's platoon, while on a patrol, detected noises across the border that suggested a large number of armoured vehicles approaching. These were soon confirmed by reports—from the Army's air observation post aircraft flown by Major Atma Singh—in the area of a
1420:
The
Pakistani troops, meanwhile, had underestimated the post's defensive capability due to the difficulty of approach over sand, conducting the attack at night and in full-moon light, against stiff resistance from a well-prepared defensive position located on a dominant height. Attacking with
1309:
detachment. As the column of 45 tanks neared the post, Indian defences, lacking the time to lay a prepared minefield, laid a hasty anti-tank minefield as the enemy advanced, one infantryman being killed in the process. The Indian infantry held their fire until the leading
Pakistani tanks had
1338:
Although massively outnumbering the Indian defenders and having surrounded them, the
Pakistani troops were unable to advance over open terrain on a full-moon night, under small arms and mortar fire from the outpost. This encouraged the Indians not to give up their strong defensive position,
1147:, close to the international border, formed a critical communication centre for Khan's forces and, situated on the Sindh–Punjab railway, remained a vulnerable link in Khan's logistics. The fall of Rahim Yar Khan to Indian forces would cut off the railway as well as road link between
1215:
could not support rapid movement towards the objective. As the day unfolded, Longewala would stand out as one of the biggest losses for Pakistan, despite overwhelming superiority before commencement of the battle, largely due to the vehicles becoming bogged down in soft sand.
1041:
group being left extremely vulnerable to air attack and vehicles becoming bogged in terrain unsuitable for the movement of armoured vehicles, as they tried to deploy off a single track and were more susceptible to enemy fire since they used external fuel storage in
1322:, with one of its crew being killed during the engagement. This weapon proved quite effective because it was able to engage the thinner top armour of the Pakistani tanks from its elevated position, firing at often stationary, bogged-down vehicles.
1127:, and that since East Pakistan was undefendable, the war effort should be concentrated on occupying as much Indian territory as possible as a bargaining tool at the negotiating table. The initial plans for the offensive called for at least temporary
1002:
force. Choosing the former, Chandpuri ensured that all his assets were correctly deployed and made the best use of his strong defensive position, as well as weaknesses created by errors in enemy tactics. He was also fortunate that an
1186:(BSF) post but was later taken over by a company of the Punjab Regiment prior to the war, formed a strategic point en route to capturing vast tracts of land and also a pivotal theatre of war in engaging India on the western front.
1413:
advantage and destroy the fleeing Pakistani tanks while the IAF had them on the run. They did, however, destroy or capture some 36 tanks, one of the most disproportionate tank losses for one side in a single battle after
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Pakistan, which envisaged the Punjab as an operational centre, had a strong intelligence network in the area and planned to counter its own comparatively weak strength on the ground with a pre-emptive strike through
2174:
1304:
The Pakistani forces began their attack at 12:30 am. As the offensive approached the lone outpost, Pakistani artillery opened up across the border with medium artillery, killing five of the ten camels from the
45:
Tank tracks at Longewala. Photographic reconnaissance image taken at the time showing the desperate last-minute manoeuvres by Pakistani tanks in the Longewala sector. Circles show destroyed Pakistani tanks.
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1405:
Since the Indians were on the defensive, they managed to inflict heavy losses on the Pakistanis: 200 soldiers killed, 36 tanks destroyed or abandoned, and 500 additional vehicles lost. The Pakistani
1374:
on each aircraft. Without support from the Pakistan Air Force, which was busy elsewhere, the tanks and other armoured vehicles were easy targets for the IAF's Hunters. The range of the 12.7 mm
1381:
mounted on the tanks was limited and therefore ineffective against the Indian jets. Indian air attacks were made easier by the barren terrain. Many IAF officers later described the attack as a "
1242:
fence of three strands. The rest of the battalion was located at Sadhewala, 17 kilometres (11 mi) to the north-east. Chandpuri commanded an infantry company reinforced by a section each of
1663:
1441:
2607:
Virendra Verma, Hunting hunters: Battle of Longewala, December 1971: a study in joint army-air operations (Stories of war in post-independence India), Youth Education Publications, 1992
1455:. Several other awards were earned by members of the defending company and the battalion's commander. On the other hand, the Pakistani divisional commander was dismissed from service.
1677:
2483:
1258:(RCL). His two other recoilless rifle teams of the anti-tank section were under training at battalion headquarters. Chandpuri also had under his command a four-man team of the camel
1477:
In 2008, the battle was the subject of disagreement, some officers of the time ascribing all the combat success to the IAF. This led to Chandpuri suing for the token amount of one
565:
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1265:
The Longewala post had no armoured vehicles, but artillery support was available from a battery of the 170 Field Regiment, tasked with direct support of the battalion, and the
2399:
41:
1082:, any bargaining tool to trade against the captured territories in the east. By the last week of November 1971, the Indian Army had launched offensive manoeuvres at
780:
1358:, and so had to wait until dawn. With daylight, however, the IAF was able to operate effectively, with the strike aircraft being guided to targets by the airborne
1050:, which caused confusion and stalling the attack during the crucial hours of darkness, when the assaulting infantry still had a measure of concealment from Indian
1198:
area. Pakistan High command also felt that it was important to protect the north–south road link which they felt was vulnerable, as it was close to the border. A
4328:
3447:
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frustrating the Pakistani commanders. As dawn arrived, the Pakistan forces had still not taken the post, and were now faced with doing so in full daylight.
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as Dharam Veer. The main criticism of the movie was that it showed Indian forces being in a terrible position before any sort of help came from the IAF.
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through Sarkari Tala, subsequently advancing through Baghla to secure Rahim Yar Khan. This would destabilise the Pakistani defences in the Punjab and
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by the flames of fires when the spare fuel tanks on the Pakistani tanks, intended to supplement their internal capacity for the advance to
1238:, the defences occupying a high sand dune which dominated the area that was largely intractable to vehicles. The post was surrounded by a
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virtually no air cover, they took too long to close for an assault on the position, and failed to anticipate the availability of Indian
82:
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1397:, launched their counter-offensive to end the six-hour engagement. Longewala had proved to be one of the defining moments in the war.
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Pakistan's tactical plan was based on the assumption that an attack in the area would help their 1st Armoured Division's task in the
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was indefensible in the long run. Yahya Khan chose at this point to try to protect Pakistan's integrity and to hold India by
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For his part, the Indian company commander, Chandpuri, was decorated with India's second-highest gallantry award – the
915:
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was finally able to direct the newly assembled 122 Squadron under the command of WC Donald Melvyn Conquest comprising
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was able to secure and direct aircraft in support of the post's defence until reinforcements arrived six hours later.
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set up at the end of war recommended the commander of 18th Division, Major General Mustafa, be tried for negligence.
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on the evening of 3 December that led to the formal commencement of hostilities in the western theatre. The city of
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was directed towards the eastern theatre, with the western sector envisioned as a holding operation to prevent the
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firm base at Longewala, a junction on the Indian road system, and the 51st Infantry Brigade and the 22nd Cavalry (
998:, was left with the choice of either attempting to hold out until reinforced, or fleeing on foot from a Pakistani
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1664:"1971 War Hero Bhairon Singh Rathore, Who Inspired Many To Serve The Country, Cremated With Full State Honours"
272:
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3514:
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2565:
Suresh, Kukke, Wg. Cdr. (Retd), Battle of Longewala: 5 and 6 December 1971, 1971 India Pakistan Operations,
2315:
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at the time, visited Longewala a few weeks after the war to learn the details of the battle from Chandpuri.
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Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century
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British media reported on the defence of Longewala; James Hatter compared the Battle of Longewala to
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1330:, exploded, providing ample light for Indians located on higher ground, and creating a dense, acrid
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1678:"1971 India-Pakistan war | Bhairon Singh Rathore, hero of Longewala, passes away in Jodhpur at 81"
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On the Indian side, the post was held by A Company, 23rd Battalion, Punjab Regiment, led by Major
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and attempted to execute a night attack over unfamiliar terrain, and infantry was surprised by
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Indian battle plans called for a strike by the 12th Indian Division across the border towards
1123:
Khan's policy made the assumption that an open conflict with India would not last long due to
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1931:"The 1971 Battle of Longewala: A night of confusion, Sam Manekshaw's order, Pakistan's folly"
1812:
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forces were forced to withdraw when Indian tanks from the division's cavalry regiment, the
1319:
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The Pakistani commanders made several questionable decisions, including a failure of their
666:
489:
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2261:"Service Record for Group Captain Donald Melvyn Conquest 4692 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com"
8:
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2212:"Years later, Longewala reminds the do-or-die battle | Jaipur News – Times of India"
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towards the divisional headquarters south of Ramgarh. Longewala, which was originally a
1086:
against Pakistani border posts and communications centres along the eastern border. The
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observation aircraft. The Indian aircraft attacked the Pakistani ground troops with 16
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689:
627:
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2016:
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3062:
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2798:
2780:
2749:
2511:"If the reel Border is full of drama and heroism, so was the real battle in 1971"
2304:
2291:
2090:
1554:
1466:, describing it as the deciding moment of the 1971 war. Similarly, Field Marshal
1452:
1445:
1347:
1247:
1030:
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612:
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2623:
The Western Theatre in 1971;— A Strategic and Operational Analysis by A.H. Amin
1516:
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fighter-bombers and 2,000–3,000 Pakistani soldiers accompanied by 30–40 tanks.
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2411:
1508:
1440:
1393:, commanded by Colonel Bawa Guruvachan Singh, along with the 17th Battalion,
1351:
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1135:(PAF) under which Khan's troops could conduct a lightning campaign deep into
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84:
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1 Company (120 personnel) accompanied by half a platoon (6-7 border guards)
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2711:
2484:"War veteran's book reiterates doubts over Army's role in Longewala battle"
1512:
1478:
1430:
1426:
1414:
1382:
1331:
1087:
758:
355:
2400:"Longewala not won by infantry alone, air power played key role: IAF book"
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3179:
3011:
2976:
1730:
1500:
1434:
1371:
1363:
1239:
987:
964:
971:. The battle was fought between 120 Indian soldiers accompanied by four
3972:
3942:
3087:
3032:
3027:
2916:
2604:. He was probably the commanding officer of the 22nd Armoured Regiment.
1504:
1179:
1079:
1051:
829:
369:
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2107:(Bangladesh ed.). India: National Defense University. p. 56.
1310:
approached to within 15–30 metres (49–98 ft) before firing their
1139:
before digging in and consolidating their positions. The PAF launched
3148:
2818:
2105:
An Atlas of the 1971 India – Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh
1839:"1971 war hero gives hour-by-hour account of the battle of Longewala"
1682:
1490:
1327:
1293:
1208:
1163:
1095:
976:
968:
960:
448:
72:
68:
1999:
Failure in Command: Lessons from Pakistan's Indian Wars, 1947–1999.
1935:
1814:
Short Stories from the History of the Indian Army Since August 1947
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401:
391:
377:
363:
349:
339:
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318:
246:
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2542:, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1984, v.8, 1185–1202
1314:. They accounted for the first two tanks on the track with their
1167:
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1091:
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2314:(Report). Government of Pakistan. pp. 79–80. Archived from
2553:
Amritsar to Lahore: A Journey Across the India-Pakistan Border
1367:
1315:
1281:
1251:
1227:
1155:, starving Khan's forces of fuel and ammunition delivered to
1148:
956:
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307:
280:
267:
190:
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167:
139:
76:
1284:, mounted with 105 mm RCL gun, which destroyed several tanks
1277:
40:
1700:
Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II
1311:
429:
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aircraft to assist the post; they were not outfitted with
2573:
Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army
1098:
by this time that open conflict was inevitable, and that
2548:, Justified Press, 1972, v.12:7–12 (Oct 1972 – Mar 1973)
1745:
DeRouen, Karl R. (2007). Karl R. DeRouen, Uk Heo (ed.).
4465:
2001:
Faruqui A. Defense Analysis Vol.17, No. 1, 1 April 2001
4130:(Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)
1696:
1296:
used by the IAF against Pakistani armour at Longewala
1810:
2618:The battle from the Indian Air Force Journal, 1997
2587:Pakistan's Failed Gamble: The Battle of Laungewala
4735:
2175:"BATTLE of Longewala-Retold Lest it is forgotten"
1953:. Library of Congress Country Studies. April 1994
1515:as Assistant Commandant Bhairon Singh (BSF), and
1489:The Battle of Longewala was depicted in the 1997
4887:
2197:
2195:
1652:https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/4692
1074:from achieving any success that would allow the
4062:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
2379:"Pakistan Army Order of Battle — Corps Sectors"
2307:; Sheikh Anwarul Haq; Tufail Ali Abdul Rehman.
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2082:Correspondence from Lt. Col. (Retd) H.K. Afridi
1540:Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War
1108:"The defence of East Pakistan lies in the West"
943:(4–7 December 1971) was one of the first major
3498:Department of Defence Research and Development
3448:Director General Armed Forces Medical Services
2658:
1974:"The India-Pakistan War of 1971: A Modern War"
1925:
1923:
1921:
1170:Sector, allowing the planned Indian offensive
1066:The main thrust of the Indian Army during the
573:
4643:
4451:
4216:Defence Research and Development Organisation
3311:
2644:
2192:
1690:
1174:to sweep the Pakistani forces trapped there.
862:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
774:
559:
3325:
2224:
2053:
1550:Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971
1218:
788:
2015:. India: Pentagon Press. pp. 115–116.
1918:
1817:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. pp. 93–96.
1472:Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)
521:
16:Major battle of the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War
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4458:
4444:
4075:Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait
3318:
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2651:
2637:
2297:
2056:"An assessment of the battle of Longewala"
1971:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1560:Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan
1230:that destroyed several tanks during battle
781:
767:
566:
552:
4916:Operations involving the Indian Air Force
4896:Battles of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
3266:Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin
2010:
1535:Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War
1207:) to operate beyond Longewala to capture
3619:Armed Forces Special Operations Division
2555:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000
2049:
2047:
1864:"The Tribune – Windows – Featured story"
1772:
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2054:Thakur Ludra, K. S. (13 January 2001).
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1886:
1884:
1831:
1811:Col J Francis (Retd) (30 August 2013).
1795:
1744:
959:defenders at the Indian border post of
4888:
4530:Cabinet Committee on National Security
4524:National Assembly Committee on Defence
2346:
2119:"Battles that Made History – Defstrat"
1951:"Pakistan — Yahya Khan and Bangladesh"
1901:"Battles that Made History – Defstrat"
1776:
1738:
1596:
1017:to foresee the availability of Indian
4439:
3299:
2745:Surrender of Pakistan Eastern Command
2632:
2562:, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2044:
2035:
1858:
1856:
1763:
1484:
1433:Chinese tanks were slow on the sandy
1118:
762:
547:
4247:List of equipment of the Indian Army
2481:
2461:"Army lied to the nation Longewala?"
2285:An IAF pilot's account of the battle
2146:. Vol.52, No.4, 16– 28 February 2005
2040:. Natraj Publishers. pp. India.
1881:
504:500+ vehicles destroyed or abandoned
303:Battalion (attached to 23rd Punjab)
3503:Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare
2084:Defence Journal, Karachi. feb-mar99
1943:
1726:"Taking on the enemy at Longenwala"
1617:
1090:also launched an offensive against
13:
3422:Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee
2579:
2359:from the original on 22 April 2009
2349:"Taking on the enemy at Longewala"
2347:Hattar, James (16 December 2000).
2333:
2136:
2013:INDIA–PAKISTAN WAR :50 Years Later
1980:from the original on 18 April 2009
1965:
1853:
1021:in the Longewala area, exercising
14:
4937:
4329:Indian Maritime Security Strategy
2611:
2309:Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report
2093:URL accessed on 22 September 2006
1898:
1575:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
947:in the western sector during the
4859:
4858:
4466:
4403:
4402:
4360:Women in the Indian Armed Forces
3983:Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes
3594:Northern Theatre Command (India)
3369:
3356:
3343:
3326:
1697:Karl R. DeRouen; Uk Heo (2007).
1464:Taking on the enemy at Longewala
1385:", signifying the lopsidedness.
1189:
520:
513:
400:
390:
376:
362:
348:
338:
328:
317:
306:
293:
279:
266:
245:
235:
225:
215:
205:
189:
179:
166:
145:
132:
39:
4906:Tank battles involving Pakistan
4080:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
3599:Western Theatre Command (India)
2503:
2494:
2482:Sura, Ajay (29 November 2013).
2475:
2453:
2425:
2392:
2371:
2278:
2253:
2244:
2204:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2111:
2096:
2074:
2029:
2004:
430:PIAT anti-tank rocket launchers
285:Alpha Company, 23rd Battalion,
4706:Strategic Plans Division Force
4375:Indian Armed Forces rank flags
3493:Department of Military Affairs
2560:Air Warfare in the Missile Age
1841:. Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd
1717:
1670:
1656:
1645:
1611:
1602:
1094:at this time. It was clear to
1:
4189:Counter-insurgency operations
3520:Standing Committee on Defence
3515:Cabinet Committee on Security
2567:http://www.bharat-rakshak.com
2532:
1511:as Wing Commander M.S. Bawa,
1444:Maj. Kuldip Singh Chandpuri,
1061:
4901:Tank battles involving India
4481:Military history of Pakistan
3271:Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf
2038:The Epic Battle of Longewala
2011:Choudhary, Diptendu (2022).
1972:Kyle, R.G. (14 March 1964).
1618:Lal, Pratap Chandra (1986).
1590:List of wars involving India
1545:Mitro Bahini order of battle
1400:
1205:Pakistan Army Armoured Corps
1037:. That led to the Pakistani
1029:, and conducting a tactical
951:, fought between assaulting
7:
4520:Senate Committee on Defence
4231:Weapons of mass destruction
4045:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
4035:Sino-Indian border skirmish
3570:Andaman and Nicobar Command
3565:Integrated Theatre Commands
3540:Defence Intelligence Agency
3443:Vice Chief of Defence Staff
1703:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 101–.
1522:
1048:obstacles to troop movement
10:
4942:
4780:Pakistani Defence Industry
4666:National Command Authority
4508:Prime Minister of Pakistan
4101:Indo-Myanmar border strike
3525:Defence Planning Committee
3276:Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir
2717:Research and Analysis Wing
2660:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
2600:Brigadier Zafar Alam Khan
1781:. Greenwood. p. 597.
1585:List of military disasters
1530:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
1113:
949:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
737:Genocide of Bengali Hindus
578:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
33:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
4856:
4828:
4785:Defence Housing Authority
4772:
4714:
4688:
4610:
4571:
4543:
4535:National Security Council
4487:
4478:
4398:
4337:
4321:
4286:
4255:
4239:
4208:
4148:
4109:
3958:
3865:
3856:
3836:Border Roads Organisation
3800:
3788:Border Roads Organisation
3755:
3728:South Western Air Command
3703:
3675:
3627:
3555:
3548:
3530:Nuclear Command Authority
3510:National Security Council
3478:
3471:
3413:National Security Advisor
3385:
3338:
3241:
3203:
3170:
3161:
3106:
3020:
2909:
2902:
2869:Pakistani peace proposals
2868:
2758:
2666:
2575:, Allied Publishers, 1990
2445:. tehelka. Archived from
2435:. tehelka. Archived from
1749:. ABC-CLIO. p. 596.
1580:Military history of India
1272:
1219:Indian defensive planning
852:Bangladesh Liberation War
800:
587:
534:Location within Rajasthan
508:
475:
412:
258:
185:Wing Cdr. D. M. Conquest
158:
125:
49:
38:
30:
25:
4355:President's Colour Award
4345:President's fleet review
3604:Maritime Theatre Command
3582:Strategic Forces Command
3535:Integrated Defence Staff
3433:Chief of the Naval Staff
3281:Lance Naik Noor Mohammad
3185:Fl. Off. N. J. S. Sekhon
2707:1971 Bangladesh genocide
1624:. Lancer International.
1565:1971 Bangladesh genocide
1507:as Major Kuldeep Singh,
1499:, which was directed by
1425:. Given that Pakistan's
1172:in the Shakargarh sector
792:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
251:Lt. Col. Zahir Alam Khan
3428:Chief of the Army Staff
3228:J/Swr. Muhammad Hussain
3218:Plt. Off. Rashid Minhas
2538:Indivisible Air Power,
2290:5 December 2005 at the
1747:Civil Wars of the World
1056:infantry support weapon
1035:engineer reconnaissance
857:1959 Canberra shootdown
732:Instrument of Surrender
464:(2,000–3,000 personnel)
462:Mobile infantry brigade
323:18th Infantry Division
98:27.524942°N 70.156693°E
4722:Awards and decorations
4221:Ordnance Factory Board
4140:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
3848:Awards and Decorations
3695:Southern Naval Command
3438:Chief of the Air Staff
3418:Chief of Defence Staff
3251:Flt. Lt. Matiur Rahman
3190:2nd Lt. Arun Khetarpal
2894:War Enquiry Commission
2443:"The truth of courage"
2433:"The truth of courage"
2103:H. Gill, John (2003).
2036:Kumar, Bharat (2020).
1448:
1360:Forward Air Controller
1356:night-vision equipment
1297:
1285:
1236:Kuldip Singh Chandpuri
1231:
1125:international pressure
1015:strategic intelligence
1008:forward air controller
996:Kuldip Singh Chandpuri
273:12th Infantry Division
241:Lt. Col. Akram Hussain
211:Maj Gen. B. M. Mustafa
159:Commanders and leaders
4573:Joint Chiefs of Staff
4498:President of Pakistan
4472:Pakistan Armed Forces
4385:National War Memorial
4380:Indian military bands
4370:Armed Forces Tribunal
4365:Armed Forces Flag Day
3690:Eastern Naval Command
3685:Western Naval Command
3667:Army Training Command
3657:South Western Command
3256:Sepahi Hamidur Rahman
3233:L/Nk. Muhammad Mahfuz
3129:A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman
3114:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
2967:Minoo Merwan Engineer
2952:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor
1777:Jaques, Tony (2007).
1621:My Years with the Iaf
1570:Operation Searchlight
1460:Battle of Thermopylae
1443:
1318:-mounted 106 mm
1291:
1280:
1260:Border Security Force
1226:
1184:Border Security Force
1076:President of Pakistan
994:, commanded by Major
476:Casualties and losses
471:2 artillery batteries
421:2 Medium machine guns
396:120 mm mortar battery
4596:Chief of Naval Staff
3888:Battle of Asal Uttar
3768:National Cadet Corps
3723:Southern Air Command
3614:Defence Space Agency
3609:Defence Cyber Agency
3261:Sepahi Mostafa Kamal
2957:Sourendra Nath Kohli
2406:. 19 February 2021.
2089:22 June 2006 at the
1342:In the morning, the
1320:M40 recoilless rifle
1256:M40 recoilless rifle
1027:route reconnaissance
1023:operational mobility
531:class=notpageimage|
499:200 personnel killed
490:M40 recoilless rifle
103:27.524942; 70.156693
4848:Bangladesh genocide
4816:Shaheen (Air Force)
4586:Chief of Army Staff
4494:Commander-in-Chief
4299:Historical Aircraft
4194:LOC surgical strike
3936:Battle of Longewala
3873:Indo-Pakistani wars
3841:Paramilitary forces
3812:Ranks and insignia
3773:Paramilitary forces
3743:Maintenance Command
3733:Western Air Command
3718:Eastern Air Command
3713:Central Air Command
3488:Ministry of Defence
3481:Committees/Councils
3403:Minister of Defence
3332:Indian Armed Forces
3223:Maj. Shabbir Sharif
3213:Maj. Muhammad Akram
3124:Muhammad Mansur Ali
3038:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
2997:Inderjit Singh Gill
2942:Jagjit Singh Aurora
2884:Ahsan–Yaqub Mission
2794:Battle of Longewala
2684:Indo-Pakistani wars
2679:History of Pakistan
2471:on 4 November 2014.
2449:on 22 October 2014.
2439:on 22 October 2014.
2220:. 18 December 2013.
1666:. 20 December 2022.
1597:Citations and notes
1407:judicial commission
1362:(FAC), Singh, in a
1244:medium machine guns
1168:Jammu & Kashmir
1141:pre-emptive strikes
1000:mechanized infantry
990:'s 23rd Battalion,
941:Battle of Longewala
406:130 mm med. battery
231:Brig. Jahanzeb Abab
94: /
26:Battle of Longewala
4926:1970s in Rajasthan
4921:Jaisalmer district
4773:Business interests
4736:Ranks and insignia
4696:Civil Armed Forces
4591:Chief of Air Staff
4563:Defence Production
4304:Aircraft Squadrons
4226:Ballistic missiles
3893:Battle of Chawinda
3808:Military Academies
3763:Indian Coast Guard
3587:Commander-in-Chief
3575:Commander-in-Chief
3195:Maj. Hoshiar Singh
2962:Nilakanta Krishnan
2814:Battle of Basantar
2804:Meghna Heli Bridge
2776:Battle of Garibpur
2730:Indo-Soviet Treaty
2674:Partition of India
2540:Strategic Analysis
2488:The Times of India
2404:The Times of India
2217:The Times of India
2179:www.esamskriti.com
2062:. India. p. 1
1939:. 3 December 2019.
1485:In popular culture
1449:
1379:heavy machine guns
1372:30 mm ADEN cannons
1298:
1286:
1267:168 Field Regiment
1232:
1133:Pakistan Air Force
1119:The Western sector
1025:with little or no
501:36 tanks destroyed
482:2 personnel killed
4883:
4882:
4824:
4823:
4768:
4767:
4684:
4683:
4676:Armed Forces Band
4606:
4605:
4433:
4432:
4317:
4316:
4204:
4203:
4021:Balakot airstrike
3796:
3795:
3751:
3750:
3408:Defence Secretary
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3180:L/Nk. Albert Ekka
3157:
3156:
3098:Patrick Callaghan
2558:Nordeen, Lon O.,
2022:978-93-90095-69-8
1899:Singh, Harvijay.
1824:978-93-82652-17-5
1710:978-1-85109-919-1
1631:978-81-7062-008-2
1423:close air support
1370:T-10 rockets and
1292:One of the three
934:
933:
868:Border skirmishes
756:
755:
751:
750:
542:
541:
121:
120:
57:4–7 December 1971
4933:
4862:
4861:
4791:
4790:
4733:
4732:
4656:Public Relations
4641:
4640:
4541:
4540:
4504:Chief Executive
4470:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4406:
4405:
4390:Amar Jawan Jyoti
4268:Historical Ships
4237:
4236:
3978:Siachen conflict
3968:Kashmir conflict
3863:
3862:
3783:Territorial Army
3756:Other components
3738:Training Command
3652:Southern Command
3647:Northern Command
3553:
3552:
3476:
3475:
3463:Serving marshals
3458:Serving admirals
3453:Serving generals
3377:Indian Air Force
3375:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3330:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3172:Param Vir Chakra
3168:
3167:
3144:Khaled Mosharraf
3043:Abdul Hamid Khan
2987:Khem Karan Singh
2972:Hari Chand Dewan
2907:
2906:
2889:Rodionov message
2840:Naval Operations
2771:Battle of Atgram
2766:Battle of Dhalai
2689:War of 1947–1948
2653:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2571:Sharma, Gautam,
2551:Alter, Stephen,
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2467:. Archived from
2457:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2301:
2295:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2222:
2221:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2123:www.defstrat.com
2115:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1905:www.defstrat.com
1896:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1868:tribuneindia.com
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1808:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1395:Rajputana Rifles
1348:HAL HF-24 Maruts
1344:Indian Air Force
1248:L16 81mm mortars
1005:Indian Air Force
835:2001–02 standoff
825:Siachen conflict
804:Kashmir conflict
795:
793:
783:
776:
769:
760:
759:
590:
589:
582:
581:
579:
568:
561:
554:
545:
544:
524:
523:
517:
468:1 field regiment
425:L16 81mm mortars
405:
404:
395:
394:
381:
380:
367:
366:
353:
352:
343:
342:
333:
332:
322:
321:
311:
310:
298:
297:
296:
284:
283:
271:
270:
250:
249:
240:
239:
230:
229:
220:
219:
210:
209:
195:Major Atma Singh
194:
193:
184:
183:
171:
170:
151:
149:
148:
138:
136:
135:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4852:
4820:
4789:
4764:
4731:
4710:
4680:
4671:Nursing Service
4661:Selection Board
4639:
4602:
4567:
4539:
4483:
4474:
4464:
4434:
4429:
4394:
4333:
4313:
4294:Active Aircraft
4282:
4251:
4235:
4200:
4156:Northeast India
4144:
4105:
4050:Doklam standoff
3960:
3954:
3950:Sino-Indian War
3915:Battle of Chamb
3852:
3792:
3747:
3699:
3671:
3662:Western Command
3642:Eastern Command
3637:Central Command
3623:
3544:
3480:
3467:
3381:
3370:
3368:
3357:
3355:
3344:
3342:
3334:
3324:
3294:
3285:
3237:
3205:Nishan-E-Haider
3199:
3163:
3153:
3134:M. A. G. Osmani
3102:
3093:Muzaffar Hassan
3073:Abdul Ali Malik
3063:Leslie Mungavin
3053:Mohammad Sharif
3016:
2898:
2864:
2853:US Taskforce 74
2809:Tangail Airdrop
2799:Battle of Hilli
2781:Boyra incidence
2754:
2750:Simla Agreement
2662:
2657:
2614:
2582:
2580:Further reading
2535:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2480:
2476:
2465:Hindustan times
2459:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2321:on 4 March 2012
2318:
2311:
2305:Hamoodur Rehman
2302:
2298:
2292:Wayback Machine
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2250:p. 100, Nordeen
2249:
2245:
2240:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2144:Sainik Samachar
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2101:
2097:
2091:Wayback Machine
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2045:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1809:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1764:
1757:
1743:
1739:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1695:
1691:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1555:Battle of Chamb
1525:
1487:
1462:in his article
1453:Maha Vir Chakra
1403:
1275:
1221:
1192:
1121:
1116:
1064:
1044:tactical combat
1031:frontal assault
1019:fighter-bombers
992:Punjab Regiment
937:
936:
935:
930:
846:Other conflicts
796:
791:
789:
787:
757:
752:
744:Simla Agreement
583:
577:
575:
574:
572:
538:
537:
536:
535:
533:
527:
526:
525:
502:
500:
495:5 camels killed
493:
483:
469:
467:
465:
451:
446:
441:
432:
427:
422:
420:
399:
389:
375:
361:
347:
337:
327:
316:
305:
294:
292:
287:Punjab Regiment
278:
265:
254:
244:
234:
224:
221:Brig. Tariq Mir
214:
204:
198:
188:
178:
174:K. S. Chandpuri
165:
146:
144:
133:
131:
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
85:
83:
81:
80:
79:
58:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4939:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Desert warfare
4908:
4903:
4898:
4881:
4880:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
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4737:
4730:
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4709:
4708:
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4701:National Guard
4698:
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4690:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
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4644:Inter-Services
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4608:
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4306:
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4296:
4290:
4288:
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4280:
4275:
4273:Weapon Systems
4270:
4265:
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4252:
4250:
4249:
4243:
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3802:
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3778:Special forces
3775:
3770:
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3455:
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3425:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3398:Prime Minister
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3366:
3353:
3339:
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3335:
3323:
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3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Tajuddin Ahmed
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:M. A. K. Lodhi
3055:
3050:
3048:A. A. K. Niazi
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:E. C. Kuruvila
3004:
3002:J. F. R. Jacob
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
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2876:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2835:Air Operations
2832:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
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2664:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2612:External links
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:The Way It Was
2598:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2517:. 28 July 1997
2502:
2493:
2474:
2452:
2424:
2391:
2370:
2332:
2296:
2277:
2265:Bharat Rakshak
2252:
2243:
2223:
2203:
2201:p. 83, Imprint
2191:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2135:
2110:
2095:
2073:
2043:
2028:
2021:
2003:
1991:
1964:
1942:
1917:
1880:
1852:
1830:
1823:
1794:
1788:978-0313335389
1787:
1762:
1756:978-1851099191
1755:
1737:
1724:James Hattar.
1716:
1709:
1689:
1669:
1655:
1644:
1630:
1610:
1600:
1598:
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1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
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1532:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1517:Akshaye Khanna
1486:
1483:
1402:
1399:
1274:
1271:
1220:
1217:
1196:Sri Ganganagar
1191:
1188:
1145:Rahim Yar Khan
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1063:
1060:
932:
931:
929:
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876:
865:
864:
859:
854:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
810:War of 1947–48
801:
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797:
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763:
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753:
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444:Hawker Hunters
415:
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410:
409:
408:
407:
397:
387:
373:
359:
345:
335:
313:
290:
289:
261:
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259:Units involved
256:
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196:
186:
164:
161:
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155:
142:
128:
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123:
122:
119:
118:
117:Indian victory
115:
111:
110:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4839:
4838:Establishment
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4811:Bahria (Navy)
4809:
4807:
4806:Askari (Army)
4804:
4802:
4801:Fauji (Joint)
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
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3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:A. Rahim Khan
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
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2950:
2948:
2947:K. P. Candeth
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Sam Manekshaw
2925:
2923:
2922:Indira Gandhi
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
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2634:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:81-7049-224-6
2592:
2589:Manas, 2005,
2588:
2584:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2516:
2512:
2506:
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2470:
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2434:
2428:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2380:
2374:
2358:
2354:
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2339:
2337:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2241:p. 42, Sharma
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2155:p. 177, Nayar
2152:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1840:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1773:
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1769:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1608:p. 1187, IDSA
1605:
1601:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:Jackie Shroff
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:Sherman tanks
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:anti-aircraft
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Hawker Hunter
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1200:combined arms
1197:
1190:Tactical plan
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:Western India
1134:
1130:
1129:air dominance
1126:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:East Pakistan
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Pakistan Army
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
973:Hawker Hunter
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
912:
911:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
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885:
882:
880:
877:
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872:
871:
870:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
847:
841:
840:2008 standoff
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
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779:
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772:
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745:
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723:
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681:
678:
676:
673:
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670:
665:
663:
662:
658:
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:Eastern Front
649:
648:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
603:
599:
598:
597:
596:
593:Western Front
592:
591:
586:
580:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
549:
546:
532:
516:
507:
503:
497:
494:
491:
487:
480:
479:
474:
470:
463:
458:
456:
452:
450:
445:
440:
437:-borne 106mm
436:
431:
426:
417:
416:
411:
403:
398:
393:
388:
385:
379:
374:
371:
365:
360:
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314:
309:
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288:
282:
277:
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269:
263:
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257:
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141:
130:
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116:
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112:
107:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
59:(3 days)
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4843:Gang of Four
4689:Paramilitary
4651:Intelligence
4338:Other topics
4263:Active Ships
4175:
4167:
4149:Insurgencies
4127:
4118:
4094:
4086:
4068:
4030:Congo Crisis
3989:
3935:
3930:Cactus-Lilly
3929:
3921:
3479:Ministry and
3472:Organisation
3243:Bir Sreshtho
3139:Ziaur Rahman
3078:Rashid Ahmed
2992:Sartaj Singh
2858:
2846:
2828:
2820:
2793:
2788:Chengiz Khan
2787:
2740:Mitro Bahini
2723:
2712:Mukti Bahini
2700:
2601:
2586:
2585:Anil Shorey
2572:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2519:. Retrieved
2514:
2505:
2500:p. 17, Alter
2496:
2487:
2477:
2469:the original
2464:
2455:
2447:the original
2437:the original
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2352:
2323:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2299:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2246:
2215:
2206:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:
2113:
2104:
2098:
2081:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2059:
2037:
2031:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1945:
1934:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:
1843:. Retrieved
1833:
1813:
1778:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1719:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1672:
1658:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1620:
1613:
1604:
1513:Sunil Shetty
1503:and starred
1494:
1488:
1476:
1468:R. M. Carver
1463:
1457:
1450:
1431:T-59/Type 59
1419:
1415:World War II
1411:
1404:
1391:20th Lancers
1387:
1383:turkey shoot
1341:
1337:
1332:smoke screen
1324:
1303:
1299:
1264:
1233:
1213:
1193:
1176:
1161:
1122:
1107:
1106:'s strategy—
1088:Mukti Bahini
1065:
1012:
981:
940:
938:
926:J&K 2019
921:Balakot 2019
909:
908:
867:
866:
845:
844:
802:
711:Cactus-Lilly
710:
668:
660:
640:
633:
622:
608:Hussainiwala
602:Chengiz Khan
601:
498:
481:
459:
418:
382:Field Rgt. (
368:38 Cavalry (
354:22 Cavalry (
315:
312:122 Squadron
291:
264:
126:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
4794:Foundations
4121:(Hyderabad)
4110:Annexations
4095:Devi Shakti
3831:Coast Guard
3364:Indian Navy
3351:Indian Army
3012:S. H. Sarma
2982:T. N. Raina
2977:Sagat Singh
2932:S. M. Nanda
2701:Searchlight
2694:War of 1965
2515:India Today
2353:The Tribune
2164:p. 239, Rao
2060:The Tribune
1731:The Tribune
1501:J. P. Dutta
1435:Thar Desert
1364:HAL Krishak
1246:(MMGs) and
1240:barbed wire
1153:West Punjab
988:Indian Army
965:Thar Desert
955:forces and
945:engagements
820:War of 1971
815:War of 1965
439:M40 RCL gun
334:206 Brigade
101: /
4890:Categories
4864:Categories
4515:Parliament
4488:Leadership
4174:Operation
4166:Operation
4126:Operation
4117:Operation
4093:Operation
4085:Operation
4067:Operation
3988:Operation
3973:Korean War
3943:Kargil War
3928:Operation
3920:Operation
3858:Operations
3386:Leadership
3107:Bangladesh
3088:Tikka Khan
3068:Gul Hassan
3033:Nurul Amin
3028:Yahya Khan
2917:V. V. Giri
2879:Six-points
2875:Cable 1971
2827:Operation
2786:Operation
2722:Operation
2699:Operation
2533:References
2384:14 January
2142:Shorey A.
1505:Sunny Deol
1262:division.
1250:, and one
1180:Kishangarh
1080:Yahya Khan
1062:Background
1052:small arms
975:and three
830:Kargil War
449:HAL Maruts
344:51 Brigade
89:70°09′24″E
86:27°31′30″N
4872:Air Force
4830:Criticism
4760:Air Force
4715:Personnel
4635:Air Force
4556:Secretary
4544:Ministers
4423:Air Force
4322:Documents
4287:Air Force
4209:Equipment
4168:Blue Star
4011:2016–2018
4006:2014–2015
3961:Conflicts
3959:External
3905:Naval War
3878:1947–1948
3826:Air Force
3801:Personnel
3705:Air Force
3393:President
3149:Abu Taher
2937:P. C. Lal
2845:INS
2412:0971-8257
1845:17 August
1683:The Hindu
1401:Aftermath
1328:Jaisalmer
1294:HAL Marut
1254:-mounted
1209:Jaisalmer
1164:Islamgarh
1104:Ayub Khan
1096:Islamabad
977:HAL Marut
969:Rajasthan
963:, in the
961:Longewala
953:Pakistani
722:Naval War
623:Longewala
492:destroyed
73:Rajasthan
69:Longewala
4611:Services
4581:Chairman
4408:Category
4176:Woodrose
4135:Junagadh
3990:Parakram
3549:Commands
3021:Pakistan
2759:Conflict
2735:Razakars
2357:Archived
2294:, Suresh
2288:Archived
2087:Archived
1978:Archived
1936:ThePrint
1873:2 August
1523:See also
1068:1971 war
1033:with no
916:LoC 2016
690:Garibpur
675:Kamalpur
628:Basantar
466:40 tanks
413:Strength
153:Pakistan
64:Location
4753:Marines
4628:Marines
4551:Defence
4350:History
4184:Kashmir
3922:Trident
3910:Air War
3162:Highest
2903:Leaders
2829:Trident
2724:Jackpot
2667:History
2625:– Orbat
2546:Imprint
2521:17 June
2417:17 June
2363:6 April
2325:19 July
2128:17 June
2066:6 April
1984:6 April
1957:6 April
1157:Karachi
1131:by the
1114:Prelude
1092:Jessore
1039:brigade
986:of the
984:company
910:Strikes
899:2020–21
889:2016–18
884:2014–15
727:Air War
717:Tangail
695:Gazipur
661:Jackpot
634:Trident
370:Sherman
4309:Future
4278:Future
4161:Punjab
4087:Raahat
4069:Cactus
3374:
3361:
3348:
3164:awards
2847:Khukri
2593:
2410:
2270:28 May
2184:5 June
2019:
1910:5 June
1821:
1785:
1753:
1707:
1637:6 July
1628:
1496:Border
1470:, the
1273:Battle
1084:Atgram
1058:fire.
957:Indian
705:Sylhet
685:Dhalai
641:Python
618:Turtuk
455:Camels
384:25 pdr
172:Major
150:
137:
114:Result
4727:Women
4128:Vijay
3557:Joint
2910:India
2821:Ghazi
2319:(PDF)
2312:(PDF)
1493:film
1491:Hindi
1479:rupee
1368:Matra
1316:Jonga
1312:PIATs
1282:Jonga
1252:Jonga
1228:Jonga
1149:Sindh
700:Hilli
680:Boyra
669:Ghazi
613:Chamb
486:Jonga
435:Jonga
299:14th
140:India
77:India
4876:Navy
4868:Army
4748:Navy
4743:Army
4623:Navy
4618:Army
4418:Navy
4413:Army
4256:Navy
4240:Army
4119:Polo
4055:2020
4040:1987
4016:2019
4001:2013
3996:2011
3900:1971
3883:1965
3866:Wars
3821:Navy
3816:Army
3677:Navy
3629:Army
2859:more
2819:PNS
2591:ISBN
2523:2023
2419:2023
2408:ISSN
2386:2014
2365:2009
2327:2013
2272:2024
2186:2023
2130:2023
2068:2009
2017:ISBN
1986:2009
1959:2009
1912:2023
1875:2016
1847:2020
1819:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1639:2013
1626:ISBN
1429:and
1350:and
1151:and
1054:and
939:The
904:2023
894:2019
879:2013
874:2011
667:PNS
488:and
356:T-59
54:Date
1446:MVC
1307:BSF
967:of
453:10
301:BSF
4892::
4874:•
4870:•
2513:.
2486:.
2463:.
2402:.
2355:.
2351:.
2335:^
2263:.
2226:^
2214:.
2194:^
2177:.
2121:.
2058:.
2046:^
1976:.
1933:.
1920:^
1903:.
1883:^
1866:.
1855:^
1797:^
1765:^
1728:.
1680:.
1481:.
1417:.
1211:.
1159:.
1110:.
1078:,
982:A
484:1
460:2
447:3
442:4
433:2
428:4
423:2
75:,
71:,
4878:)
4866:(
4459:e
4452:t
4445:v
3424:)
3420:(
3319:e
3312:t
3305:v
2652:e
2645:t
2638:v
2597:.
2525:.
2490:.
2421:.
2388:.
2367:.
2329:.
2274:.
2188:.
2132:.
2070:.
2025:.
1988:.
1961:.
1914:.
1877:.
1849:.
1827:.
1791:.
1759:.
1734:.
1713:.
1686:.
1641:.
782:e
775:t
768:v
567:e
560:t
553:v
386:)
372:)
358:)
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