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first line. When Il
Medeghino then ordered his men to launch themselves against the enemy the German and Swiss began to panic. This turned into a rout when Colonna's heavy cavalry, who had pursued for a while the French-Sienese cavalry, attacked the Germans, fighting across the Scannagallo, from behind. The French infantry on the right wing maintained its battle order and, surrounded on every side, defended desperately until the end.
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Il
Medeghino easily subdued the neighbouring castles in the days following the battle, and was subsequently able to lay a tighter siege to Siena. Cruel measures were adopted to prevent the peasants taking supplies into the city. In March 1555 he destroyed a corps of 1,300 mercenaries trying to escape
681:
Strozzi therefore marched back to Siena, where the supply situation had become desperate. In July, he failed to capture
Piombino, in southern Tuscany, the only port from which the French supplies could reach Siena. On July 17, conscious that only a victory in a pitched battle could save the city, he
768:
The battle began with the attack of the
Medeghino's cavalry wing, whose impetus easily routed its French-Sienese counterpart, which fled towards Foiano. It has been reported that the French commanders of that unit, Valleron and Fourquevaux, had been bribed by the Medeghino with 12 tin flasks filled
772:
To counter this first setback, Strozzi decided to launch down from the hill with the German infantry in his center. A chaotic melee ensued but soon the momentum of the
Sienese attack began to wane under the fire of the Imperial artillery which also disorganized the Swiss attempting to relieve the
740:
infantry behind them and another 3,000 French infantry on their left; the left wing was formed by 5,000 Italian infantry under Paolo Orsini. Strozzi's army occupied the slight slope of a hill that descended towards the
Scannagallo creek. Il Medeghino deployed 1,200 light cavalry on his left wing,
646:
The
Florentine troops approached Siena on the night of January 26, 1554. After an initial failed assault, the Marquess of Marignano laid siege to the city, although his men were not numerous enough to totally cut it off from the countryside. Both Baglioni and Montauto failed to capture Pienza and
728:
After some initial skirmishes, the two large armies clashed when
Strozzi, short of food, decided to retire towards Lucignano in the night of August 1. In the morning of the following day, it was clear that his manoeuver had not been successful, and he was forced to lay battle against the
670:. He had, in total, 9,500 infantry and perhaps 1,200 cavalry, while Medici had 2,000 Spanish, 3,000 German, and 6,000 Italian infantry, as well as 600 cavalry, not to mention further troops from Spain and Corsica which had recently landed at
662:, forcing Medeghino to raise the siege to follow him. This did not prevent Strozzi from joining with a French contingent with 3,500 infantry, 700 horse, and 4 cannons in the territory of Lucca. On June 21, Strozzi conquered
757:. The right wing was formed by 4,000 Tuscan, 2,000 Spanish and 3,000 poorly trained Roman infantry, in three rows, with the few artillery pieces available behind. The reserve included 200 Spanish soldiers, veterans of the
919:
View of the
Scannagallo battlefield from Santa Luce hill to Poggio delle Donne, after the battle name Santa Vittoria (the holy victory), where's today is still possible to see part of the old buildings including an
604:, best known as "Medeghino" ("Small Medici"). The Florentine-Imperial troops were divided into three corps: Federico Barbolani di Montauto, with 800 men, landed in southern Tuscany to conquer the area of
806:
be constructed as a precaution against the risk of further rebellion by the
Sienese, and this has presided over the city, from its north (Florentine) side, since its completion in 1563.
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Strozzi himself was wounded three times and was carried away by his guards. His lieutenant Clemente della Cervara died shortly after the battle from wounds received.
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Unable to receive substantial supplies and reinforcements from the French, the city surrendered on April 17, 1555 while the remaining Sienese forces withdrew to
652:
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666:, but did not feel confident enough to join in a pitched battle against Medeghino, waiting instead for further French reinforcements which were to arrive at
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The battle lasted for only two hours, from 11 a.m to 1 p.m. The Sienese army suffered 4,000 dead and 4,000 wounded or prisoners. Strozzi escaped capture.
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His force easily overwhelmed the small Florentine garrisons on his way, although the attempt, on July 20, to conquer Arezzo failed. He managed to capture
946:
924:. The battlefield is still probably as 500 years ago surrounded by fields, olive trees and vineyards and with a small river in the place of the old one.
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family and a general in French service. French troops, as well as some Florentine exiled by the Medici, took part in the war under the Sienese aegis.
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On June 11, Strozzi attempted a sally to relieve the pressure on Siena, leaving some French units in the city. He moved towards
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The Republic of Siena finally disappeared in 1559 and was thenceforth incorporated into the Duchy of Florence. The
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The Sienese had: c. 1,000 French-Sienese horse on the right wing; then followed, in the centre, 3,000
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After some days of inactivity, Medeghino raised the siege of Siena and moved to meet Strozzi.
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with 6,000 infantry and 300 cavalry, and waiting for further Imperial reinforcements.
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678:, had been killed by an arquebus ball in the course of the struggle for Grosseto.
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Florentine-Imperial troops that were stalking and harassing his moving troops.
694:. His field army included 14,000 infantry, about 1,000 cavalry, and five guns.
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Grosseto. French ships harassed the Florentine resupply lines at
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Only a homonymous of the ruling dynasty of Florence.
651:. Cosimo replied to the initial setbacks by hiring
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124:Battle of Marciano or Battle of Scannagallo
947:Battles involving the Republic of Florence
602:Gian Giacomo Medici, Marquess of Marignano
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724:The Battle of Marciano in an early print.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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952:Battles involving the Republic of Siena
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908:Santo Stefano alla Vittoria temple by
572:. The battle marked the defeat of the
635:The Sienese entrusted the defence to
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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632:for the main attack against Siena.
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34:needs additional citations for
16:1554 battle in the Italian Wars
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957:Battles of the Italian Wars
682:tried a third sally in the
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194:Florentine-Spanish victory
874:Rendina, Claudio (1994).
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144:The Battle of Scannagallo
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967:Italian War of 1551–1559
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639:, a fierce rival of the
368:Italian War of 1551–1559
898:Page about il Medeghino
878:. Rome: Newton Compton.
576:in its war against the
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745:(heavy cavalry) under
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271:Commanders and leaders
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876:I capitani di ventura
759:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
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703:Marciano della Chiana
558:Marciano della Chiana
554:Battle of Scannagallo
319:Casualties and losses
180:Marciano della Chiana
653:Ascanio della Cornia
538:Full list of battles
58:"Battle of Marciano"
43:improve this article
858:Capitani di ventura
769:with golden coins.
747:Marcantonio Colonna
594:Cosimo I de' Medici
570:Italian War of 1551
552:(also known as the
282:Gian Giacomo Medici
131:Italian War of 1551
926:
922:historical winery
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550:Battle of Marciano
962:Conflicts in 1554
788:to collect food.
692:Blaise de Montluc
598:Emperor Charles V
582:Duchy of Florence
578:Duchy of Florence
574:Republic of Siena
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890:Battle website
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884:External links
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99:September 2014
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637:Piero Strozzi
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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26:
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901:(in Italian)
893:(in Italian)
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841:. Retrieved
837:the original
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751:Landsknechts
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734:Landsknechts
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672:Bocca d'Arno
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474:Italian Wars
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203:Belligerents
143:
129:Part of the
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
664:Montecatini
616:to conquer
416:St. Quentin
324:~200 killed
936:Categories
868:References
843:2006-11-25
793:Montalcino
630:Poggibonsi
626:Montalcino
431:Gravelines
426:Thionville
69:newspapers
856:Rendina,
783:Aftermath
699:Lucignano
668:Viareggio
660:Pontedera
592:In 1554,
526:1551–1559
521:1542–1546
516:1536–1538
506:1521–1526
491:1499–1504
486:1494–1498
386:Mirandola
150:, in the
860:, p. 180
649:Piombino
606:Grosseto
406:Marciano
300:Strength
175:Location
156:Florence
738:Grisons
588:Prelude
566:Tuscany
560:, near
401:Corsica
381:Tripoli
83:scholar
763:Naples
753:under
716:Battle
707:Foiano
688:Arezzo
641:Medici
624:, and
622:Pienza
618:Chiusi
562:Arezzo
501:Urbino
421:Calais
314:5 guns
264:France
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191:Result
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810:Notes
411:Renty
396:Ponza
239:Spain
184:Italy
90:JSTOR
76:books
800:Duke
548:The
391:Metz
167:Date
62:news
154:of
146:by
45:by
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