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attack been carried out, with Vendôme attacking with his main body to envelop the Allied right flank and
Bourgogne attacked with the left wing (before Overkirk and the rest of Argyll's troops arrived), the French army could have easily won. The decision of Bourgogne to march personally into battle may have provided a welcome boost to French morale, but it denied him for the rest of the battle the opportunity to command his troops, which proved disastrous when the Allies overwhelmed the French via a flanking manoeuvre. The French army had lost about fourteen to fifteen thousand soldiers overall (with about eight thousand of whom becoming prisoners-of-war) and twenty-five artillery guns, while the Allies lost roughly three thousand men. Bodart gives roughly similar numbers for the French casualties (6,000 killed or wounded and 8,000 captured), but higher numbers for allied ones (6,000 killed or wounded).
1728:. This meant that while one commander (Burgundy) was in his headquarters with no view of the ongoing battle, the other commander was personally fighting in the field, with no possibility of directing his men. Most historians agree that had the French left wing attacked the weakened Allied right wing, it would have been forced to retreat. Vendôme realized this, asking Burgundy for permission to attack with the left wing. Burgundy sent back a messenger with a message of refusal but the messenger failed to deliver the message. The situation worsened with Vendôme believing that support would arrive for his troops, who were lengthening their line of battle and threatening to envelop the Allied left flank. As French infantry regiments approached, they lengthened the Allied line but too slowly and not great enough in extent to prevent the French from threatening the Allied positions.
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there, Sicco van
Goslinga discovered an exhausted Overkirk. The old general did not seem to see the urgency of an attack. Unsatisfied, Van Goslinga then rode off to a line of six battalions where he encountered Lieutenant General Bengt Oxenstierna. He too had no intention of attacking, arguing that the terrain was too rugged to pass through and that they were better off waiting for the French. Van Goslinga then decided to take it upon himself to launch the attack and he placed himself at the head of two Swiss battalions which he ordered to advance. Five other Dutch battalions followed and the
1429:. This proved to be an unexpected and worrying action to Marlborough, who waited until Eugene had joined his army before he decided to undertake any offensive operations. The French moved to attack again, aiming to capture the city of Oudenarde, which would cut off communication and supply routes between Marlborough and England and thus allow for a significant victory over the Grand Alliance. Marlborough managed to figure out the French plan of action, and forced marched his men towards Oudenaarde to defend it from the expected French attack. On 11 July, the two forces met near the city.
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1818:. Much of the French army was routed or captured, with lack of daylight preventing the completion of the manoeuvre. The battle also ended in confusion for the Allies. The darkness caused the Allied right and left wings to mistake each other for the enemy and they began firing at each other. Eugene on the right and the Prince of Orange on the left wing managed, through their intervention, to stop the firing and prevented the army from doing any real damage to itself.
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1614:. However, Marlborough made one of the most impressive forced marches in history, capturing the city on 10 July. This forced the French commanders to attempt to simply to wade across the Scheldt and take Oudenaarde from that position. Marlborough again ordered a forced march of his troops. This time, though, he ordered eleven thousand troops to hold the main crossing point across the Scheldt, under the command of his
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line of twenty infantry battalions (including the four that had been left to guard the pontoon bridges). Biron's own forces comprised only seven infantry battalions and twenty cavalry squadrons. He had been given reliable advice that cavalry could not negotiate the marshy terrain in the area and decided not to attempt a crossing. At this time, Eugène, along with twenty squadrons of
1454:, gaining the allies a significant tactical and strategic advantage. Faced with mounting casualties, the French commanders made the decision to withdraw from the field. The battle was the third major victory that Marlborough had obtained during the war; boosting his military renown alongside that of Eugene, whose tactical contributions were vital to this victory.
1780:, were only just able to turn them back and Marlborough, with only the eighteen Hessian and Hanoverian battalions, was unable to do much other than keep the French right in check. At about 18:00, Overkirk's troops had arrived and were in a position to flank the French right wing. This was in conjunction with a dual attack by Marlborough and Eugène.
1767:'s battalions, ordered them to move to support Eugène's men. This moved fresh troops to the critical Allied left flank, while reinforcing the Allied right flank and allowing Lottum's troops to be granted a vital rest. Marlborough then began formulating a new plan of double encirclement. He had now under his command 25,000 fresh troops of the
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had been trapped under the animal. Together the two field deputies decided to ask Eugene, who had so far remained in the background, to intervene and assume supreme command. After some urging, as he was not in the service of either of the
Maritime Powers, he replied: 'Well now gentlemen, ... I will do what you ask of me.'
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remained in overall command, Eugene had led the crucial right flank and centre. Once again the Allied commanders had co-operated remarkably well. "Prince Eugene and I," wrote the Duke, "shall never differ about our share of the laurels." The success restored the strategic initiative to the Allies, who now opted to
1582:. Marlborough moved his forces to a few miles south of Leuven, in order to sufficiently protect both cities from a potential French assault. The French army then remained inactive for more than a month, not making any major movements whatsoever. This allowed the much-delayed Eugène to bring his forces across the
1594:(although about three hundred British soldiers held out in Ghent for a few days). This unexpected move both demoralised and confounded Marlborough and his army, and he did not make any offensive moves until Eugène along with his army arrived to join him. The French army had control over the entire length of the
1845:
The French army retreated in disorder towards Ghent, with the Duc de
Bourgogne and the Duc de Vendome quarreling amongst themselves on who was to blame for the defeat. Only nightfall and a few broken pontoon bridges saved the French army from total annihilation. For unknown reasons, about half of the
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with his division (consisting mainly of cavalry). The isolated Swiss mercenaries were immediately pushed back and the Allied force destroyed Biron's units, until they reached a large mass of French cavalry, at which point they were forced to retire, outnumbered. The force which performed this action
1420:
The engagement itself came about after a series of offensive and defensive manoeuvres between an Allied army under the command of
Marlborough and a French army under the command of the Duc de Bourgogne. The two French commanders quarrelled about the direction their army should take, although roughly
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along with many of
Burgundy's troops that remained inactive in the battle and did not advance forwards to assist their fellow Frenchmen, even when the tactical situation of the battle had turned against the French with the arrival of Overkirk's Dutch troops. Many of the French cavalry squadrons had
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and Adolf
Hendrik van Rechteren were moving near where Marlborough was leading the action. They noted, rightly or wrongly, that he made an unsteady and indecisive impression, presumably as a result of an accident he had had the previous night. He had then fallen into a deep ditch with his horse and
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to the presence of Allied troops on the west bank. When de Biron advanced, he was disagreeably surprised by the large number of Allied cavalry already across the river, along with the approaching Allied infantry. Although he was ordered to attack by Vendôme, he hesitated upon seeing the reinforced
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On the other hand, the reputation of the Allied commanders were greatly enhanced by the victory. For
Marlborough, his eye for choosing the correct ground, his sense of timing and his keen knowledge of the enemy were again amply demonstrated. Eugene's reputation was also enhanced—while Marlborough
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Only one Allied fortress remained: the city of
Oudenaarde. If the French managed to capture that city, Marlborough's army would be cut off from the coast, causing them to lose communication with England. Marlborough managed to guess the French battle plan, and also correctly guessed the method by
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placed eight others alongside Van
Goslinga in battle order. The Deputy and the young Prince marched down the slope with roughly 10,000 infantrymen and crashed into the French infantry, whom they quickly swept aside. A French counter-attack by the elite horsemen of the Maison du Roi did little to
1854:
The French commanders had made several catastrophic tactical errors during the battle: The entire French left wing (the troops under Burgundy and the large mass north of the Norken) was kept in reserve. They could easily have destroyed the weakened right wing of the Allied army. Had a concerted
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through a gap in the woodlands to strengthen Marlborough’s left, while he himself had made a circumferential move, more to the left, with the rest of his troops. However, Eugene became concerned about the left wing and sent the two field deputies there with orders to attack the French. Arriving
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Hendrik Overkirk, an experienced military officer and ordered them to flank the French right wing. Overkirk was unable to cross the collapsed pontoon bridges near Oudenaarde, forcing him to use the stone bridges in the city, delaying him for an hour. Marlborough went ahead with his plan, having
1393:, on 11 July 1708. With this victory, the Grand Alliance ensured the fall of various French territories, giving them a significant strategic and tactical advantage during this stage of the war. The battle was fought in the later years of the war, a conflict that had come about as a result of
1716:. A very strong position was held by the Allied left wing. Twenty-eight cavalry squadrons protected the right flank of Cadogan's infantry, which would receive the attack (which proceeded at about 4:00 p.m.). Burgundy ordered the assault, which landed on Prussian cavalry squadrons under
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which the French army would attempt to take Oudenarde—they would march down the east bank of the Scheldt (closer to Marlborough's troops), while leaving a large covering force between the two opposing armies. The French army set out on 8 July, marching toward the city of
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of many of the French infantry battalions, weakening the French positions. Both sides settled into an engagement on opposing sides of the river, with several further mostly fruitless cavalry charges attempted by both sides. Marlborough initiated a
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Our Swiss, were determined to wait for them with the bayonet fixed on the rifle and only shoot at the very last moment were so quiet that I was amazed. ... the hail of musket balls, with which he was received, cut down some and routed the rest
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Marlborough thus moved his headquarters to the left flank, while Eugène assumed command of the right flank (which still checked the left wing of the French army). While the right wing was under pressure, Marlborough placed eighteen newly arrived
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total forces the French had at their disposal during the battle were kept in reserve, never being called up to participate in the battle. There was a great mass of French cavalry and infantry in some raised ground north of the
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was never ordered to move up and engage, thus leading to a significantly weakened French force facing the Allies. The infantry battalions on both sides moved to engage each other, with skilled deployment of cavalry by
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1863:, the strongest fortress in Europe. While the Duke commanded the covering force, Eugene oversaw the siege of the town, which surrendered on 22 October; however, it was not until 10 December that the resolute
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As the French army moved closer to the border with the Spanish Netherlands in 1708, the two French commanders began quarrelling over which battle plan they should adopt. Vendôme wished to attack the city of
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caused the war to settle into a stalemate, as the forces of the Grand Alliance could not advance into French territory, not could the French advance into Habsburg territories either.
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moved to engage the French forward positions, killing or capturing many French soldiers and pushing them back. For unknown reasons, a significant portion of the French army kept in
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1538:. In addition, many Spaniards opposed the idea of a Bourbon ruling Spain, and threw their lot in with Charles. Initially, the war went favourably for the French, given their vast
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1502:. Philip was proclaimed King of Spain on 16 November 1700. Disputes over territorial and commercial rights led to war in 1701 between the Bourbons of France and Spain and the
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Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII-2 Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII-2 The era of the War of the Spanish Succession)
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1720:. Although intense fighting ensued, the attack was dispersed. Then, Vendôme made a dubious tactical decision to personally lead an attack of twelve infantry
1562:, which could draw Marlborough in pursuit of his forces and weaken the overall allied position. The eventual plan adopted, however (under direct orders from
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De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672-1712: de strijd van de Nederlanders tegen de Zonnekoning (The 40 Years War 1672-1712: the Dutch struggle against the Sun King)
1203:
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851:
707:
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Burgundy, making another mistake, decided to launch an attack (over protests by Vendôme). The French right wing began to attack the Allied positions near
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380:
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The War of the Spanish Succession, fought from 1701 to 1714, was a European conflict in the early 18th century, triggered by the death of the childless
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remained in reserve, mainly because of the advice that they had been given of the ground before them being impassable by their horses.
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1883:, and the French were driven out of almost all the Spanish Netherlands: "He who has not seen this", wrote Eugene, "has seen nothing".
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cavalry, moved across the river and occupied crucial positions. While Biron's troops were manoeuvring, the leading British infantry
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and head towards Marlboroughs position. On 5 July, however, the French unexpectedly moved westward, quickly capturing the cities of
2544:
1662:
1366:
1108:
197:
2239:, London, 1886, p. 144, gives 6,000 French killed and wounded, 9,000 prisoners, 98 colours; the allies 3,000 killed and wounded.
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2285:
1992:
1871:. Yet for all the difficulties of the winter siege, the campaign of 1708 had been a remarkable success by requiring superior
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17:
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90:
1382:
242:
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1507:
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1133:
677:
219:
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1511:
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307:
43:
1739:
received much praise from in and outside the Dutch Republic for his decisive role in his first major battle.
1756:
1717:
926:
1068:
1043:
1385:, the battle resulting in a great victory for the Grand Alliance. The battle was fought near the city of
1008:
570:
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1876:
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1462:
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a month before the battle, the French army moved westwards and captured the Allied-held fortresses of
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1314:
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to capture men from the French advance guard. Many of those troops managed to escape and alerted
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Commemorative medal struck after the battle, depicting the victorious allied commanders as the
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Eugène's cavalry charge towards Burgundy's headquarters. The French Household Cavalry, the
1682:. Cadogan, given authority from Marlborough, attacked Biron's seven infantry battalions of
1626:
to allow Marlborough to get his eighty-thousand-strong army across the river, until French
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8:
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1471:
1414:
1390:
1365:, pitting a Anglo-Dutch force consisting of eighty thousand men under the command of the
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916:
789:
600:
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84:
57:
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1984:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714-1783
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monarch of Spain. His closest heirs were members of the Austrian Habsburg and French
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841:
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385:
275:
177:
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1911:
The Habsburgs were rulers of Austria and Hungary in their own right; Emperor of the
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and thus the other leading powers became involved. Charles bequeathed an undivided
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1406:
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and extremely advantageous geopolitical position. However, crushing defeats at
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1915:, technically an elected position, had been held by the Habsburgs since 1438.
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1772:
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discovered the allied presence around 9:00 a.m., initiating the battle.
1410:
105:
92:
1763:
infantry battalions in the left flank to replace twenty of Prussian General
1377:
against a French force of eighty-five thousand men under the command of the
1847:
1702:
2459:
Neêrlands heldendaden te land, van de vroegste tijden af tot in onze dagen
1605:
Campaign map of the Low Countries during the War of the Spanish Succession
2443:[The Battle of Oundenarde and the War of the Spanish Succession]
1543:
1539:
1783:
Overkirk had sent his two leading infantry brigades under Major General
1709:
1386:
80:
1712:, while the left wing (for unknown reasons) remained stationary near
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1839:
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1826:
1815:
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1721:
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1570:. The French army moved eastward, until they reached the city of
1433:
2255:, Vol. 3, ed. John Powell, (Salem Press Inc., 2001), 1163-1164.
1713:
1587:
1579:
1422:
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1946:
1944:
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1583:
1426:
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1830:
Pewter medal struck to commemorate the battle, reverse side
1514:. The primary opponents of the Bourbon succession were the
1446:
2226:, London, 1886, p. 142, "Night alone saved their army...".
2101:
2099:
2049:
1941:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
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2029:
1598:
from the French border to the newly taken city of Ghent.
1559:
2150:
2123:
1578:, and allowed the French to threaten the nearby city of
1417:, and combining their two nations and empires into one.
2192:
2096:
2441:"De Slag bij Oudenaarde en de Spaanse Successieoorlog"
2204:
2026:
305:
2086:
2084:
2111:
1929:
2449:
Oudenaarde 1708: Een Stad, Een Koning, Een Veldheer
2138:
1699:
The Duke of Marlborough at the Battle of Oudenaarde
2081:
1646:Cadogan, a superb cavalry commander, ordered some
1574:, which was about twenty-five kilometres south of
2470:Krijgs – en geschiedkundige geschriften. Volume 8
2409:Friso: het tragische leven van Johan Willem Friso
2526:
2360:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon, (1618–1905)
1875:skill and organisation. The Allies reppelled an
139:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
153:
1810:At the same time, the Dutch cavalry under the
2341:General Percy Kirke and the Later Stuart Army
291:
2535:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
2413:Friso: the tragic life of John William Friso
2366:
2302:(1989 ed.). Spellmount Publishers Ltd.
2272:(Longman Publishers: Harlow, England, 1999).
2186:
2105:
2059:
1950:
1687:was Rantzau's cavalry, with the future King
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
27:Battle in the War of the Spanish Succession
2475:Military and historical writings. Volume 8
2316:
298:
284:
2560:Battles involving the Spanish Netherlands
2481:
2389:Notes on the history of military medicine
2132:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2585:18th century in the Southern Netherlands
2406:
2385:
2294:
2198:
2171:
2053:
1956:
1833:
1825:
1730:
1693:
1637:
1622:. Cadogan's force built five additional
1600:
1461:
168:
2455:
2280:. Leigh-on-Sea, Essex: Partizan Press.
2210:
1663:Charles-Armand de Gontaut, duc de Biron
14:
2527:
2438:
2357:
2338:
2242:
2117:
2001:
1935:
1482:families; acquisition of an undivided
2466:
2275:
2159:
1466:The Duke of Marlborough at Oudenaarde
1405:apprehension at the possibility of a
279:
2580:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
2477:] (in Dutch). H. A. M. Roelants.
2429:
2144:
2090:
1814:cut off the French retreat route to
24:
2488:. George G. Harrap Co. Ltd London.
2253:Magill's Guide to Military History
1678:had arrived, under the command of
1486:by either threatened the European
25:
2596:
2540:Battles involving the Netherlands
2300:Marlborough as Military Commander
1987:. Basic Books. 2008. p. 56.
1680:John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll
2270:The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667–1714
1361:, was a major engagement of the
236:
225:
213:
202:
191:
170:
155:
141:
50:
2545:Battles involving Great Britain
2485:Marlborough: His Life and Times
2262:
2229:
2216:
2022:The Wars of Louis XIV 1667–1714
1724:, fighting hand-to-hand with a
1905:
1432:During the engagement, Allied
325:Low Countries and Upper France
13:
1:
2434:(in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.
1922:
1512:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
1457:
1363:War of the Spanish Succession
44:War of the Spanish Succession
1821:
1718:Dubislav Gneomar von Natzmer
56:The Battle of Oudenarde, by
7:
2482:Churchill, Winston (1936).
2367:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020).
2276:Scott, Christopher (2008).
1886:
1743:Around this same time, the
1665:, who commanded the French
1498:, who was also grandson of
1474:in November 1700, the last
10:
2601:
2467:Knoop, Willem Jan (1867).
2456:Bosscha, Johannes (1838).
2322:A Short History of England
1389:, at the time part of the
2439:Dhondt, Frederik (2008).
2407:De Graaf, Ronald (2021).
1633:
811:Italy and Southern France
321:
261:
248:
184:
133:
63:
49:
41:
36:
2570:History of East Flanders
2550:Battles involving France
2415:] (in Dutch). Boom.
2371:(in Dutch). Prometheus.
1898:
1520:Kingdom of Great Britain
1409:succeeding the deceased
571:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
2392:. Legare Street Press.
2386:Garrison, F.H. (1970).
2358:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
2343:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2278:The Battle of Oudenarde
607:Germany and Upper Rhine
270:9,000-14,000 Casualties
2235:W.H. Davenport Adams,
2222:W.H. Davenport Adams,
1842:
1831:
1808:
1793:change the situation.
1740:
1705:
1643:
1606:
1506:, whose candidate was
1467:
1375:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1109:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
267:3,000-6,000 Casualties
185:Commanders and leaders
125:Grand Alliance victory
2462:(in Dutch). Suringar.
2339:Childs, John (2014).
2076:Prince Eugen of Savoy
1893:Siege of Lille (1708)
1879:, retook Brughes and
1837:
1829:
1795:
1734:
1697:
1650:under the command of
1641:
1616:Quartermaster General
1604:
1465:
1034:Valencia de Alcántara
262:Casualties and losses
1745:Dutch field deputies
1359:Battle of Oudenaarde
1357:, also known as the
18:Battle of Oudenaarde
2507: /
2430:Wijn, J.W. (1959).
1877:Assault on Brussels
1500:Louis XIV of France
1494:to his grandnephew
1472:Charles II of Spain
1391:Spanish Netherlands
1367:Duke of Marlborough
1355:Battle of Oudenarde
872:Castelnuovo Bormida
198:Duke of Marlborough
102: /
85:Spanish Netherlands
58:Jan van Huchtenburg
37:Battle of Oudenarde
2451:(in Dutch): 25–75.
2251:, Randall Fegley,
2174:, p. 102―103.
2162:, p. 128—130.
1843:
1832:
1804:Sicco van Goslinga
1748:Sicco van Goslinga
1741:
1706:
1660:Lieutenant General
1644:
1607:
1516:Kingdom of England
1468:
1452:flanking manoeuvre
1134:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1074:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
310:Spanish Succession
2555:Conflicts in 1708
2422:978-90-2443-676-7
2378:978-90-446-3871-4
2318:Chesterton, G. K.
2287:978-1-85818-570-5
2187:Van Nimwegen 2020
2106:Van Nimwegen 2020
1994:978-0-7867-2722-3
1951:Van Nimwegen 2020
1913:Holy Roman Empire
1684:Swiss mercenaries
1642:Map of the battle
1566:), was to attack
1532:Holy Roman Empire
1510:, younger son of
1492:monarchy of Spain
1348:
1347:
993:Iberian Peninsula
406:2nd Fort Isabella
331:1st Fort Isabella
274:
273:
129:
128:
16:(Redirected from
2592:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:50.850°N 3.433°E
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2489:
2478:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2435:
2426:
2403:
2382:
2363:
2354:
2335:
2324:. BiblioBazaar.
2313:
2291:
2256:
2246:
2240:
2233:
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2115:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2079:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2024:
2018:
1999:
1998:
1979:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1916:
1909:
1806:
1790:Prince of Orange
1737:Prince of Orange
1488:balance of power
1379:Duc de Bourgogne
1004:Castello de Vide
316:
315:
300:
293:
286:
277:
276:
241:
240:
239:
232:Duke of Burgundy
230:
229:
228:
218:
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196:
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180:
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173:
165:
161:
159:
158:
151:
147:
145:
144:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
106:50.850°N 3.433°E
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
65:
64:
54:
34:
33:
21:
2600:
2599:
2595:
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2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2444:
2423:
2400:
2379:
2351:
2332:
2310:
2296:Chandler, David
2288:
2268:Lynn, John A.,
2265:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2060:
2052:
2027:
2019:
2002:
1995:
1981:
1980:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1889:
1824:
1807:
1802:
1765:Carl von Lottum
1636:
1624:pontoon bridges
1620:William Cadogan
1572:Braine-l'Alleud
1460:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1315:Cap de la Roque
927:2nd Castiglione
832:1st Castiglione
317:
313:
312:
309:
306:
304:
243:Duke of Vendôme
237:
235:
234:
226:
224:
212:
211:
209:Eugene of Savoy
203:
201:
200:
192:
190:
171:
169:
156:
154:
152:
142:
140:
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2598:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:1708 in France
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2464:
2453:
2436:
2427:
2421:
2404:
2399:978-1397937636
2398:
2383:
2377:
2364:
2355:
2350:978-1474255141
2349:
2336:
2330:
2314:
2309:978-0946771127
2308:
2292:
2286:
2273:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2241:
2237:England at War
2228:
2224:England at War
2215:
2213:, p. 810.
2203:
2201:, p. 103.
2191:
2189:, p. 302.
2176:
2164:
2149:
2147:, p. 306.
2137:
2135:, p. 810.
2133:Churchill 1936
2122:
2110:
2095:
2093:, p. 304.
2080:
2058:
2056:, p. 222.
2025:
2000:
1993:
1955:
1953:, p. 301.
1940:
1938:, p. 154.
1927:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1823:
1820:
1812:Count of Tilly
1800:
1656:Jørgen Rantzau
1635:
1632:
1536:Dutch Republic
1504:Grand Alliance
1484:Spanish Empire
1459:
1456:
1383:Duc de Vendôme
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Saint Gotthard
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
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1186:
1181:
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1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
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1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
994:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:Santa Vittoria
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
812:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
776:
775:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
608:
604:
603:
598:
593:
591:2nd Le Quesnoy
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
561:1st Le Quesnoy
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
506:Saint Ghislain
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
326:
322:
319:
318:
303:
302:
295:
288:
280:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
246:
245:
222:
187:
186:
182:
181:
166:
149:Dutch Republic
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
79:
77:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2597:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2516:50.850; 3.433
2487:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2331:0-554-10672-8
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2199:De Graaf 2021
2195:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:De Graaf 2021
2168:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2120:, p. 48.
2119:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:Chandler 1973
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:besiege Lille
1856:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1785:Coenraad Weck
1781:
1779:
1778:Maison du Roi
1774:
1773:Field Marshal
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1685:
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1673:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:Acts of Union
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1445:ensuring the
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:King of Spain
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Lord Overkirk
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Cabrita Point
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:Naval battles
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:4th Barcelona
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:3rd Barcelona
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:2nd Barcelona
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:2nd Gibraltar
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:1st Gibraltar
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:1st Barcelona
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
809:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
311:
301:
296:
294:
289:
287:
282:
281:
278:
269:
266:
265:
260:
256:
253:
252:
247:
244:
233:
223:
221:
220:Lord Overkirk
216:
210:
199:
189:
188:
183:
179:
167:
164:
163:Great Britain
150:
138:
137:
132:
124:
121:
120:
115:
111:50.850; 3.433
86:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2458:
2448:
2431:
2412:
2408:
2390:
2387:
2368:
2359:
2340:
2321:
2299:
2277:
2269:
2263:Bibliography
2252:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2211:Bosscha 1838
2206:
2194:
2167:
2140:
2113:
2075:
2021:
1983:
1931:
1907:
1867:yielded the
1857:
1853:
1848:Norken River
1844:
1809:
1796:
1782:
1753:
1742:
1707:
1703:John Wootton
1698:
1691:among them.
1645:
1608:
1556:
1469:
1431:
1419:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1340:Lizard Point
1320:Cape Spartel
1194:Villaviciosa
977:Fenestrelles
763:2nd Haguenau
753:1st Haguenau
733:2nd Trarbach
698:Schellenberg
668:Munderkingen
633:1st Trarbach
613:Kaiserswerth
596:2nd Bouchain
551:1st Bouchain
541:Saint-Venant
475:
356:Stevensweert
134:Belligerents
71:11 July 1708
42:Part of the
29:
2514: /
2118:Dhondt 2008
2074:Henderson:
1936:Bodart 1908
1518:(later the
1335:Beachy Head
1298:Nagymajtény
1268:Nagyszombat
1253:Schmöllnitz
1234:2nd Majorca
1094:1st Majorca
1039:Albuquerque
942:Pizzigetone
937:Alessandria
785:3rd Hagenau
743:Lauterbourg
738:Wissembourg
623:Friedlingen
581:Marchiennes
496:Hondschoote
466:Dendermonde
341:Saint Donas
109: /
2575:Oudenaarde
2529:Categories
2160:Knoop 1867
1923:References
1873:logistical
1769:Dutch Army
1761:Hanoverian
1735:The young
1522:after the
1458:Background
1415:Charles II
1387:Oudenaarde
1248:Eisenstadt
1224:2nd Girona
1199:1st Girona
1184:2nd Madrid
1089:El Albujón
1079:1st Madrid
1014:Portalegre
847:Borgoforte
800:4th Landau
795:Rumersheim
790:Stollhofen
758:Drusenheim
728:3rd Landau
713:Ingolstadt
688:2nd Landau
683:Speyerbach
658:Sigharting
618:1st Landau
566:Landrécies
521:Malplaquet
486:Wijnendale
336:Middelburg
308:War of the
81:Oudenaarde
2249:Oudenarde
2145:Wijn 1959
2091:Wijn 1959
1865:Boufflers
1822:Aftermath
1726:half-pike
1722:regiments
1689:George II
1564:Louis XIV
1552:Ramillies
1204:Aren Fort
1169:La Gudiña
1114:Castellón
1069:Alcántara
1059:San Mateo
917:Calcinato
902:Mirandola
857:Governolo
852:Guastalla
780:Aidenbach
708:Villingen
678:Höchstädt
638:Andernach
628:Rheinberg
586:2nd Douai
531:1st Douai
491:Leffinghe
476:Oudenarde
446:Ramillies
436:Zandvliet
431:Zoutleeuw
416:2nd Liége
376:Groesbeek
366:1st Liége
2320:(1917).
2298:(1973).
2078:, p. 162
1887:See also
1840:Dioscuri
1816:Kortrijk
1801:—
1771:, under
1672:Prussian
1667:vanguard
1654:general
1648:dragoons
1628:foragers
1612:Lessines
1576:Brussels
1568:Flanders
1548:Blenheim
1534:and the
1528:Scotland
1476:Habsburg
1403:Habsburg
1381:and the
1310:Vigo Bay
1209:Venasque
1189:Brihuega
1179:Zaragoza
1164:Alicante
1044:Montjuïc
987:Syracuse
962:2nd Susa
897:Chivasso
882:Vercelli
877:1st Susa
805:Freiburg
773:Sendling
718:Blenheim
693:Augsburg
673:Breisach
643:Neubourg
501:Brussels
426:Elixheim
381:Tongeren
361:Roermond
346:Nijmegen
249:Strength
76:Location
2499:50°51′N
1869:citadel
1757:Hessian
1676:brigade
1596:Scheldt
1530:), the
1508:Charles
1480:Bourbon
1443:Cadogan
1438:reserve
1434:cavalry
1407:Bourbon
1395:English
1283:Trenčín
1241:Hungary
1219:Cardona
1214:Tortosa
1174:Almenar
1154:Minorca
1149:Tortosa
1144:Morella
1124:Almansa
1119:Villena
1054:Badajoz
972:Exilles
907:Cassano
842:Luzzara
827:Cremona
768:Bavaria
748:Homburg
648:Geldern
536:Béthune
516:Tournai
451:Antwerp
421:3rd Huy
411:2nd Huy
401:Limburg
396:1st Huy
386:Stekene
94:50°51′N
2502:3°26′E
2419:
2396:
2375:
2347:
2328:
2306:
2284:
2020:Lynn:
1991:
1652:Danish
1634:Battle
1588:Bruges
1580:Leuven
1496:Philip
1423:Bruges
1325:Málaga
1288:Kölesd
1139:Lleida
1129:Xàtiva
1099:Cuenca
1084:Murcia
982:Cesana
957:Toulon
947:Casale
892:Verrua
822:Chiari
601:Knocke
576:Denain
456:Ostend
391:Ekeren
314:Europe
257:90,000
254:90,000
178:France
175:
160:
146:
122:Result
97:3°26′E
2473:[
2445:(PDF)
2411:[
1899:Notes
1881:Ghent
1714:Huise
1592:Ghent
1584:Rhine
1526:with
1427:Ghent
1399:Dutch
1293:Kassa
1273:Zsibó
1159:Denia
1104:Elche
1024:Ceuta
999:Cádiz
967:Gaeta
952:Milan
932:Pavia
922:Turin
887:Ivrea
817:Carpi
556:Arras
511:Ghent
481:Lille
461:Menin
441:Diest
371:Hulst
351:Venlo
2417:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2373:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2282:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1759:and
1710:Eine
1590:and
1550:and
1544:navy
1542:and
1540:army
1447:rout
1425:and
1401:and
1373:and
1353:The
1263:Páta
1258:Raab
912:Nice
867:Arco
862:Nago
703:Rain
663:Bonn
653:Kehl
546:Aire
526:Mons
68:Date
1560:Huy
723:Ulm
471:Ath
2531::
2447:.
2179:^
2152:^
2125:^
2098:^
2083:^
2061:^
2028:^
2003:^
1958:^
1943:^
1701:,
1618:,
1413:,
1397:,
1369:,
83:,
2425:.
2402:.
2381:.
2362:.
2353:.
2334:.
2312:.
2290:.
2108:.
1997:.
299:e
292:t
285:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_The_Battle_of_Oudenarde,_1708._-_RCIN_404900_-_Royal_Collection.jpg)
