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227:
936:, occupying the town. After a reaction from the porteño cavalry, the federalists retreated back to Santa Fé, and Mitre started his advance into that province. Several months had passed from the date of the battle. In the following months, the porteño advance was unstoppable. The only federalist army capable of opposing them was Urquiza's, but he did not act and almost dismantled it.
762:, who was born in San Juan. President Derqui again sent the national army to intervene that province, but the new governor, Antonino Aberastain, attempted to resist the intervention with the local militia. Aberastain was defeated and assassinated, which allowed the Buenos Aires government to accuse President Derqui of having committed a crime.
779:, Buenos Aires elected provincial deputies to the National Congress. However, the elections were carried out following the electoral laws of the State of Buenos Aires instead of those of the confederation. The elected deputies were rejected by the National Congress and the Buenos Aires Senators also staged a walkout, in solidarity.
810:
There were several attempts at mediation, from individuals, and foreign governments. All of them failed due to Mitre's and Derqui's intransigence. Urquiza tried, until the last moment, to preserve the peace and declined to take the initiative against the porteño army as it was the request of his
947:
declared the national government dissolved. Starting on that moment, Mitre projected his influence in the whole country: all the federal governors – with the notable exception of
Urquiza – were deposed in the final weeks of the year and the first few weeks of 1862. Some were deposed by local
952:, counting on the vicinity of the Buenos Aires army, others directly by the invading porteño army. The ones that avoided that fate, came together to accept that the national government was over, and left to Buenos Aires governor Bartolomé Mitre the task of the national reorganization.
966:
by
Urquiza, was again moved to Buenos Aires city, so the national government had to accept being a guest of the Buenos Aires city government. In the following years, Argentina maintained a nominal federal organization, but the strength and preponderance of Buenos Aires was unbroken.
671:
existed both in the capital and in the provinces. Even though they were against each other politically, when it came to defending their own local interests, they joined to confront their common enemy (be it the capital or the provinces, whatever the case may be).
870:
Arriving at 800 m (2,625 ft) from the ranch, Mitre deployed his infantry, preparing for an assault on the enemy's center. But
Urquiza's artillery started combat, opening great gaps in the porteño infantry, easy targets due to their colorful uniforms.
782:
President
Santiago Derqui issued a decree invalidating the elections in Buenos Aires and established a new date for a rerun. But the Buenos Aires authorities rebelled against the national government and declared the Pact of San José de Flores null.
757:
The most serious situation developed once again in San Juan
Province, where governor José Antonio Virasoro was deposed and assassinated with the apparent support of some politicians acting in Buenos Aires, among them the future President
695:
of 1860 set the conditions for Buenos Aires to rejoin the confederation (which came to be called
Argentine Republic since the 1860 reform of the Constitution on Buenos Aires request). However, both sides would clash again soon after.
898:, offered more resistance; but it had to retreat, leaving behind most of their heavier weapons and supplies plus many prisoners. The right wing, under General Miguel Galarza, steamrolled the small left-wing cavalry of Buenos Aires.
928:
and Pavón were possibly some of the armed conflicts with the most significance in
Argentine history, by its institutional consequences, as by the realignment of almost every other political actor after each of the battles.
850:
pieces, plus a considerable numeric superiority of arms and artillery and infantry training. The
British had supplied the artillery pieces and the trained British artillery crews to operate them. Derqui advanced up to
842:
defectors; the majority of these forces being cavalry units. In sum, the federalist army had about 17,000 men, where 8,000 came from the center region and 9,000 from Entre Ríos, Corrientes, Buenos Aires and Santa Fé.
867:, about 260 km (162 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires. Urquiza formed his troops in a defensive position, forming an extended line due east of the Domingo Palacios ranch. On the wings he formed his cavalry.
908:. At that point he received information of his cavalry's victory but he did not return to the battlefield. Urquiza's unexpected decision left the field open to the porteño army, which had retreated to
754:'s governor Mariano Fragueiro maneuvered poorly in his relations with the opposition. When the situation became violent, President Derqui intervened the provincial government (Derqui was from Córdoba).
458:
into the
Argentine Republic as a dominant member of the nation. Governor Bartolomé Mitre would act as interim president, ratified by the National Congress, and then as the first president of a unified
904:
Seeing the center's collapse, Urquiza abandoned the field of battle without adding the 4,000 men from Entre Ríos that he had maintained in reserve, and marched to
Rosario, then followed to
901:
The federalist center, instead, composed by untrained militia from the central regions of the country, was forced to retreat by the better trained and equipped porteño infantry battalions.
732:, had been at peace with the government of the Argentine Confederation. When Derqui assumed office, they publicly became part of the opposition. Such were the cases of
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855:, where he left the command of the troops in the hands of general Urquiza, while Mitre advanced to the north of Buenos Aires and advanced into Santa Fé province.
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During most of the 19th Century, Argentine history was defined by the theoretical, political and military confrontation between two postures:
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894:(a creek forming the border between Buenos Aires and Santa Fe provinces). The porteño Second Cavalry, under the command of veteran general
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As a part of the process leading to the reincorporation of the State of Buenos Aires into the Argentine Confederation, established in the
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from Buenos Aires and people from the provinces was that the former did not align directly with the two political parties of the time.
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On the other, the remaining provinces wanted to centralize the country around Buenos Aires, establishing the capital in that province.
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as the commander in chief of the national army with the task of returning the rebel province to the fold. In Buenos Aires, Governor
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candidates were forbidden. Porteños also took the national government ministries and a good deal of the seats in Congress.
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Mitre was elected president of the nation by means of new elections -organized by the new provincial governors- from where
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After seeing Urquiza's inaction, Mitre gathered his troops. Part of the federalist cavalry advanced to
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Since the secession of Buenos Aires Province on 11 September 1852, on the aftermath of the
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On one side, the province of Buenos Aires wanted to decentralize the nation, giving state
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The victory led to the dissolution of the national government and the reincorporation of
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Combat lasted only two hours, during which the federalist left wing under colonel major
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The armies clashed by the Pavón creek, (40 km (25 mi) south of the city of
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912:. Mitre decided then to consolidate his position before marching later on Santa Fe.
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between Buenos Aires Province and the confederation. This changed when president
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235:
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708:'s government, the provinces had been at peace, with the notable exception of
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882:, completely vanquished the porteño First Cavalry, under general and former
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1119:
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561: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Seeing the interior being invaded, Derqui resigned and took refuge in
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units. These forces were augmented by Urquiza's, with people from
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took the post of commander in chief of the provincial army.
679:, Argentina was divided between two competing states, the
712:, where a political crime served as the catalyst for the
451:). The withdrawal of Urquiza left the field to Mitre.
310:
Reintegration of Buenos Aires into the Confederation
962:The country's capital, which had been relocated to
878:, with the Santa Fé and renegade porteño troops of
791:The National Congress considered this as an act of
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995:
417:32 -37 guns, 11 flags, 3,000 rifles, 5,000 horses
1494:
148:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
996:Pérez Amuchástegui, A. J.; et al. (1972).
1007:Grandes Protagonistas de la Historia Argentina
1072:
435:on 17 September 1861 between the Army of the
766:
699:
976:
846:Mitre's army was made of 22,000 men and 35
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1079:
1065:
499:. Please do not remove this message until
89:. Please do not remove this message until
621:Learn how and when to remove this message
519:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
495:Relevant discussion may be found on the
85:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1400:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
16:1861 battle of the Argentine Civil Wars
1495:
822:, gathering an heterogeneous group of
818:President Derqui organized an army in
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633:
1088:Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76)
1004:
559:adding citations to reliable sources
530:
469:
120:
59:
18:
943:. A few weeks later vice-president
433:Pavón, Santa Fé Province, Argentina
408:64 officers and 162 soldiers killed
13:
1508:Battles of the Argentine Civil War
1009:. Buenos Aires: Editorial Planeta.
443:) and the Army of Republic of the
14:
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1384:Pact of San José de Flores (1859)
1014:
1005:Luna, Félix; et al. (1999).
34:This article has multiple issues.
1513:History of Argentina (1852–1880)
1000:. Buenos Aires: Editorial Codex.
977:Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro J. (2005).
799:'s general and former president
535:
474:
337:
325:
225:
125:
64:
23:
1440:Revolution of 11 September 1852
970:
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546:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1450:Argentine Constitution of 1853
413:1,200 - 1,300 dead and wounded
1:
906:San Lorenzo and Las Barrancas
858:
465:
308:State of Buenos Aires victory
1528:History of Santa Fe Province
1021:IWGIA on Argentina's history
795:, so President Derqui named
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738:Santiago del Estero Province
7:
1503:Battles involving Argentina
1415:Revolution of the Restorers
657:One difference between the
501:conditions to do so are met
91:conditions to do so are met
10:
1544:
1405:League of the Free Peoples
1374:Protocol of Palermo (1852)
1243:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
1233:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
910:San Nicolás de los Arroyos
865:Rosario, Santa Fe Province
773:Pact of San José de Flores
760:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
693:Pact of San José de Flores
1392:
1341:
1255:
1203:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
1188:
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1094:
767:Elections in Buenos Aires
700:Conflicts in the interior
402:
367:
350:
318:
262:Between Rueda and Godoy,
245:
224:
216:
211:
134:This article includes a
1425:Argentine Confederation
689:Battle of Cepeda (1859)
681:Argentine Confederation
445:Argentine Confederation
415:1,650 - 1,800 prisoners
345:Argentine Confederation
289:33.338833°S 60.490889°W
163:more precise citations.
1228:Juan Esteban Pedernera
1198:Carlos María de Alvear
981:. Editorial Claridad.
945:Juan Esteban Pedernera
815:and Prudencio Arnold.
427:, a key battle of the
351:Commanders and leaders
294:-33.338833; -60.490889
1523:September 1861 events
1445:State of Buenos Aires
1328:Pozo de Vargas (1867)
1278:Márquez Bridge (1829)
1165:Justo José de Urquiza
1115:José Gervasio Artigas
838:provinces, plus some
801:Justo José de Urquiza
777:1859 Battle of Cepeda
685:State of Buenos Aires
456:Buenos Aires Province
449:Justo José de Urquiza
437:State of Buenos Aires
403:Casualties and losses
362:Justo José de Urquiza
332:State of Buenos Aires
1435:Freemen of the South
1364:Cañuelas Pact (1829)
1359:Quadrilateral (1822)
1308:Laguna Limpia (1846)
1213:Bernardino Rivadavia
1170:Ricardo López Jordán
1160:Juan Manuel de Rosas
1135:Juan Bautista Bustos
979:El misterio de Pavón
890:, chasing them past
880:Ricardo López Jordán
813:Ricardo López Jordán
742:José María del Campo
555:improve this article
429:Argentine Civil Wars
219:Argentine Civil Wars
1475: /
1430:Uruguayan Civil War
1369:Federal Pact (1831)
1293:Sauce Grande (1840)
691:and the subsequent
488:of this section is
285: /
78:of this article is
1379:San Nicolás (1852)
1333:Don Gonzalo (1873)
1034:2010-05-26 at the
634:Political postures
460:Argentine Republic
396:2,000 artillerymen
382:1,000 artillerymen
136:list of references
1518:Conflicts in 1861
1479:33.250°S 60.383°W
1458:
1457:
1283:La Tablada (1829)
1251:
1250:
1150:Alejandro Heredia
1130:Francisco Ramírez
998:Crónica Argentina
710:San Juan Province
704:During president
677:Battle of Caseros
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570:"Battle of Pavón"
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264:Santa Fe Province
253:17 September 1861
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1484:-33.250; -60.383
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1273:San Roque (1829)
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1052:Document catalog
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746:Tucumán Province
714:Battle of Cepeda
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1155:Pascual Echagüe
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509:November 2012
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1349:Pilar (1820)
1323:Pavón (1861)
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1218:Juan Lavalle
1208:José Rondeau
1120:Mariano Vera
1049:(in Spanish)
1041:(in Spanish)
1026:(in Spanish)
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553:Please help
548:verification
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319:Belligerents
280:60°29′27.2″W
277:33°20′19.8″S
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217:Part of the
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155:Please help
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36:Please help
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1482: /
1238:Pedro Ferré
1107:Federalists
669:Federalists
410:500 wounded
292: /
240:Museo Mitre
161:introducing
1497:Categories
1190:Unitarians
1044:The battle
957:federalist
950:unitarians
941:Montevideo
886:president
859:The battle
832:Corrientes
828:Entre Ríos
797:Entre Ríos
730:unitarians
665:Unitarians
611:March 2018
581:newspapers
486:neutrality
466:Background
398:42 cannons
384:35 cannons
169:March 2018
99:March 2018
76:neutrality
39:improve it
1099:(leaders)
934:Pergamino
884:Uruguayan
848:artillery
811:colonels
787:Civil war
726:caudillos
648:provinces
497:talk page
268:Argentina
87:talk page
45:talk page
1393:See also
1342:Treaties
1097:involved
1032:Archived
876:Juan Saá
836:Santa Fé
824:infantry
793:sedition
683:and the
660:porteños
644:autonomy
490:disputed
368:Strength
258:Location
80:disputed
1470:60°23′W
1467:33°15′S
1256:Battles
1095:Parties
926:Caseros
853:Rosario
840:porteño
820:Córdoba
752:Córdoba
736:, from
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646:to the
595:scholar
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964:Paraná
922:Cepeda
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687:. The
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388:Total:
374:Total:
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305:Result
602:JSTOR
588:books
142:, or
983:ISBN
834:and
667:and
574:news
483:The
423:The
250:Date
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