1051:, and left lying half-dead, some thrust quite through the body, others the arms cut off, diverse their necks half asunder, many their heads cloven, of sundry the brains pasht out, some others again their heads quite off, with other many kinds of killing. After that and further in chase, all for the most part killed either in the head or in the neck, for our horsemen could not well reach the lower with their swords. And thus with blood and slaughter of the enemy, this chase was continued five miles in length westward from the place of their standing, which was in the fallow fields of Inveresk until Edinburgh Park and well nigh to the gates of the town itself and unto Leith, and in breadth nigh 4 miles , from the Firth sands up toward Dalkeith southward. In all which space, the dead bodies lay as thick as a man may note cattle grazing in a full replenished pasture. The river ran all red with blood, so that in the same chase were counted, as well by some of our men that somewhat diligently did mark it as by some of them taken prisoners, that very much did lament it, to have been slain about 14 thousand. In all this compass of ground what with weapons, arms, hands, legs, heads, blood and dead bodies, their flight might have been easily tracked to every of their three refuges. And for the smallness of our number and the shortness of the time (which was scant five hours, from one to well nigh six) the mortality was so great, as it was thought, the like aforetime not to have been seen.
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1113:. Hooper mentions that Scots had to abandon their artillery due to the archers commanded by the Earl of Warwick, and when the Scots changed position the sun was in their eyes. He was told there were 15,000 Scottish casualties and 2,000 prisoners. There were 17,000 English in the field and 30,000 Scots. Hooper's letter is undated but he includes the false early report that Mary of Guise surrendered in person to Somerset after the battle. These newsletters, though compiled and written by non-combatants days after the battle and far from the battlefield, are nevertheless important sources for the historian and for reconstruction of the events, to compare with Patten's narrative and archaeological evidence from the field.
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1406:. David H. Caldwell has written, "English estimates put the slaughter as high as 15,000 Scots killed and 2,000 taken but the Earl of Huntly's figure of 6,000 dead is probably nearer the truth." Of the Scottish prisoners, few were nobles or gentlemen. It was claimed that most were dressed much the same as common soldiers and therefore were not recognised as being worth ransoming. Caldwell says of the English casualties, "Officially it was given out that losses were only 200 though the rumour about the English court, fed by private letters from those in the army, indicated that 500 or 600 was more likely."
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1160:. Henry VIII had taken steps towards creating standing naval and land forces which formed the nucleus of the fleet and army that gave Somerset the victory. However, the military historian Gervase Phillips has defended Scottish tactics, pointing out that Arran moved from his position by the Esk as a rational response to English manoeuvres by sea and land. In his 1877 account of the battle, Major Sadleir Stoney commented that "every
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and just off the B6415 road. The
Scottish centre occupied ground a few yards west of the clubhouse. The Inveresk eminence, an important tactical feature at the time of the battle, is now built over, but from it, a visitor can get down to the Esk and walk for some way along the bank. The walk gives a further idea of a part of the Scottish position, but the town of
1092:, with his version of the news on 19 September. He described the cavalry skirmish on the day before the battle. He had heard that on the day of the battle, when the English army encountered the Scottish formation, the Scots advance horsemen dismounted and crossed their lances, which they used like pikes standing in close formation. Van der Delft was told that the
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above the village of
Wallyford was just behind the English position, and with the aid of binoculars, a visitor can get a good view of the battle area though the Scottish position is now obscured by buildings. The best impression of their position is obtained from the golf course west of the River Esk
1000:
On the morning of
Saturday, 10 September, Somerset advanced his army, seeking to position his artillery at Inveresk. In response Arran moved his army across the Esk by the "Roman bridge", and advanced rapidly to meet him. Arran may have seen movement in the English lines and assumed that the English
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with provisions. The expense of the journey northwards cost £7468-12s–10d, and the return was £6065-14s–4d. Soldiers' wages were £26,299-7s–1d. For his own expenses, Sadler had £211-14s–8d with £258-14s–9d for his equipment and auditor's expenses. A number of special rewards were given to spies,
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then attempted to attack the Scots from behind using smoking fires as a diversion. When they engaged the
Scottish rearguard the Scots took flight, apparently following some who already had an understanding with the Protector Somerset. The rest of the Scots army then attempted to flee the field.
1104:
on 21 October. In this account he lays emphasis on the Scots attempting to change position. He said the Scots crossed the brook in order to occupy two hills which flanked both armies. The
Scottish army, "without any need whatever were seized with panic and began to fly". Another letter with
1202:
Gervase
Phillips maintains the defeat may be considered due to a crisis of morale after the English cavalry charge, and notes William Patten's praise of the Earl of Angus's pikemen. Merriman regards Somerset's failure to press on and capture Edinburgh and Leith as a loss of "a magnificent
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Scottish guides, and others who gave good service, and to the captain of the
Spanish mercenaries. The Scottish herald at the battlefield was given 100 shillings. When Sadler's account was audited in December 1547, Sadler was found to owe Edward VI £546-13s–11d which he duly returned.
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Later on the same day, Somerset sent a detachment with guns to occupy the
Inveresk Slopes, which overlooked the Scottish position. During the night, Somerset received two more challenges from Arran. One request was for Somerset and Arran to settle the dispute by
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gesture, the Earl of Home led 1,500 horsemen close to the
English encampment and challenged an equal number of English cavalry to fight. With Somerset's reluctant approval, Lord Grey accepted the challenge and engaged the Scots with 1,000 heavily armoured
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and others. The
Scottish horsemen were badly cut up and were pursued west for 3 mi (5 km). This action cost Arran most of his cavalry. The Scots lost around 800 men in the skirmish. Lord Home was badly wounded, and his sons were taken prisoner.
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at the camp. The Scottish pikemen drove them off, inflicting heavy casualties. Lord Grey himself was wounded by a pike thrust through his throat and into his mouth. At one point, Scottish pikemen surrounded Sir Andrew Flammack, the bearer of the
1004:
Arran's left wing came under fire from English ships offshore. Their advance meant that the guns at their former position could no longer protect them. They were thrown into disorder and pushed into Arran's own division in the centre.
1379:, the English rose and Scottish thistle and the name and date of the battle. It is situated on the north side of the driveway to the home that is in the northwest corner of the intersection. Co-ordinates: 55.9302992°N 3.0210942°W.
1262:, i.e. workmen, were employed by Duncan Dundas to move the guns. On 2 September carts were hired to take the guns and the Scottish tents and pavilions towards Musselburgh. There were horses, and oxen were supplied by the
915:
was on his left flank, and a large bog protected his right. Some fortifications were constructed in which cannon and arquebuses were mounted. Some guns pointed out into the Forth to keep English warships at a distance.
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is a male child), "tykes," and "heretics". The Earl of Angus, who is said to have arrived with monks "the professors of the Gospel", the heavy pikemen of the Lowlands, eight thousand strong, was in the lead.
1409:
William Patten names a number of high-ranking casualties. The Englishmen he names were horsemen forced onto Scottish pikes in a ploughed field to the east of the English position, after they had crossed a
1390:
In September 2017 the Scottish Battlefields Trust staged the first major re-enactment of the battle in the grounds of Newhailes House. Such re-enactments are intended to continue on a triennial cycle.
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carried two brass demi-cannons, two brass Flanders demi-culverins, breech-loading iron double basses and single basses. The galleys could be brought near the shore by their rowers. After the battle,
1222:, as one of the ships at the battle, and included it in one of his plans, depicted in the woodcut with its oars visible, close to Musselburgh. The guns of the ships in English fleet were recorded in
664:. It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as "Black Saturday". A highly detailed and illustrated English account of the battle and campaign authored by an eyewitness
728:, with (initially) unchallenged power. He continued the policy of seeking forcible alliance with Scotland by demanding both the marriage of Mary to Edward, and the imposition of an
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were trying to retreat to their ships. Arran knew himself to be outmatched in artillery and therefore tried to force close combat before the English artillery could be deployed.
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archers. Arran also had large numbers of guns, but these were apparently not as mobile or as well-served as Somerset's. Arran had his artillery refurbished in August, after the
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The names of a number of other Scottish casualties are known from legal records, cases falling under the act made at Monktonhall, or from Scottish chronicles, and include:
515:
1320:
was treasurer for Somerset's expedition in Scotland from 1 August to 20 November 1547. On 22 August, he informed the Earl of shrewsbury that ships were ready to sail to
1144:. Somerset occupied several Scottish strongholds and large parts of the Lowlands and Borders but, without peace, these garrisons became a useless drain on the Treasury.
78:
1207:, gave his opinion that the battle was lost due to growing support in Scotland for English policy, and the mis-order and great haste of the Scottish army on the day.
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At Monktonhall on 8 September Regent Arran made an act to protect the rights of the children and heirs of those men who would be killed fighting the English.
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A stone commemorating the battle has been erected southwest of Wallyford village near the junction of Salters Road and the A1 road. The stone is carved with
1047:
Soon after this notable strewing of their footmen's weapons, began a pitiful sight of the dead corpses lying dispersed abroad, some their legs off, some but
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Although they had suffered a resounding defeat, the Scottish government refused to come to terms. The infant Queen Mary was smuggled out of the country to
1512:
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On the other flank, Somerset threw in his cavalry to delay the Scots' advance. The English cavalry was at a disadvantage, as they had left their horses'
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before Flodden in 1513. On 9 September part of Somerset's army occupied Falside Hill three miles (five kilometres) east of Arran's main position, after
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and Arran himself. According to Huntly, the Scottish army numbered 22,000 or 23,000 men, while an English source claimed that it comprised 36,000.
2013:
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after the battle retrieving 30 of the Scottish guns, which were left lying in sundry places, on Sunday 11 September. They found one brass
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1989:
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sees the initial Scottish field encampment as the most sophisticated ever erected in Scotland, let down by their cavalry numbers.
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Somerset advanced along the east coast of Scotland to maintain contact with his fleet and thereby keep in supply. Scottish
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had focused on the move as the cause of the defeat and attributed the order to move to the influence of local landowners
1040:. Many of the retreating Scots were slaughtered or drowned as they tried to swim the fast-flowing Esk or cross the bogs.
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900:, most of whom were potentially unreliable Borderers. His infantry and pikemen were commanded by the Earl of Angus, the
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on the Scottish Church. Early in September, he led a well-equipped army into Scotland, supported by a large fleet. The
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on English terms. During the battle, the Scots taunted the English soldiers as "loons" (persons of no consequence. A “
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Church, just to the south of the main East Coast railway line. There are two vantage points for viewing the ground.
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Phillips, Gervase, 'In the Shadow of Flodden: Tactics, Technology and Scottish Military Effectiveness, 1513–1550',
1524:
1464:
3217:
Battle of Pinkie, summary of assessment and new mapping from Geddes Consulting, AOC Archaeology, David H. Caldwell
1765:
1530:
1204:
833:, an officer of the English army, recorded its numbers as 16,800 fighting men and 1,400 "pioneers" or labourers.
1503:
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and archers, to which they had no reply. When they broke, the English cavalry rejoined the battle following a
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1962:
1025:. He was rescued by Sir Ralph Coppinger, and managed to hold onto the standard, despite its staff breaking.
3172:, an East Lothian born folk singer/songwriter pays tribute to the battle of Pinkie Cleugh through the song
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The Scottish army was by now stalled and under heavy fire on three sides, from the ships, land artillery,
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1422:
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1293:, 9 smaller brass pieces, and 17 other iron guns mounted on carriages. Some of these guns appear in the
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opportunity" and "a massive blunder" which cost him the war. In 1548, the Scottish Master of Artillery,
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knows that changing front in presence of an enemy is a perilous operation". Early commentators such as
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747:, his representative in London, who had observed English war preparations. Otterburn may have seen the
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984:; another was for 20 champions from each side to decide the matter. Somerset rejected both proposals.
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Summary of 2010 BBC Radio 4 program on early battle drawing, Bodleian MS. Eng. Misc. C.13 (R)/(30492)
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1128:, on an island in the Lake of Menteith, was a safe refuge for the infant Mary during the invasion.
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696:. The war also had a religious aspect; some Scots opposed an alliance that would bring religious
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A commentary of the services and charges of William Lord Grey of Wilton, by his son Arthur Grey
3004:
Jean de Berteville's Récit de l'expédition en Ecosse l'an 1546 et de la battayle de Muscleburgh
2424:(Scottish History Society: Edinburgh, 1927) pp. 242–243, Methven to Mary of Guise, 3 June 1548.
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The naval bombardment was an important aspect of the battle. The English navy was commanded by
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harassed his troops but could impose no major check to their advance. The English captured and
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3151:"News Item: Magnificent Pinkie Cleugh commemoration and re-enactments delight thousands"
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Selections from unpublished manuscripts illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland
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1274:, led the wagon train. There was a newly painted banner, and ahead a boy played on the "
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The English eye-witness William Patten described the slaughter inflicted on the Scots;
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on his second album 'The Brig Tae Nae Where', published on Scottish folk record label
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Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle, vol. 1
369:
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Warned of the approach of the English army, the Scottish artillery was made ready at
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Battle of Pinkie entry in the Scottish Government Inventory of Historic Battlefields
893:'s account describes this work as preparation "against the feild of Pynkie Cleuch."
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Munro, R.W, ed. (1971). "Clan Munro Magazine" (12). Clan Munro Association: 40–44.
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Although the Scots blamed traitors for the defeat, it may be fairer to say that a
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Somerset's army was partly composed of the traditional county levies, summoned by
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James, Master of Ogilvy, son and heir of James Ogilvy, 4th Lord Ogilvy of Airlie
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and comprised 34 warships with 26 support vessels. William Patten mentions the
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Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle
2836:
HMC Report on the Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle
2799:?Stitchill Inventory: "deceissit vndir our baner in the feild of pynkecleuch"?
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2481:
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now completely covers the left of the line. The battlefield was added to the
1231:
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94:
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1991:
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, Vol. 5
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688:. When diplomacy failed, and Scotland was on the point of an alliance with
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30:
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Sir Walter Hawksworth, son of and heir of Thomas of Hawksworth, Yorkshire.
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Cuthbert Hamilton of Canir, brother-in-law of David Hamilton of Broomhill
1573:
1435:
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1302:
968:
964:
649:
64:
2571:, vol. 1 (Society of Antiquaries: London, 1998), p. 102, nos. 3707–3712.
2448:
John Bennell, 'The Oared Vessels', David Loades & Charles Knighton,
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tried to secure an alliance with Scotland by the marriage of the infant
1823:
1787:
1613:
1567:
1312:
889:, with new gunstocks made from woods of "Aberdagy" and Inverleith. The
852:
701:
2874:
National Records of Scotland charter RH6/1534 dated 21st October 1551.
2057:
Nicolas Bellin's account, National Archives TNA E101/504/8, photograph
278:
1832:
1702:
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Arran's cavalry consisted of 2,000 lightly equipped riders under the
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To the west, a diversionary English invasion of 5,000 men was led by
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798:
685:
574:
2645:
Event Scotland, 2017 re-enactment by the Scottish Battlefields Trust
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was published in London as propaganda four months after the battle.
3211:
Battle of Pinkie, information from the John Gray Centre, Haddington
3111:
Phillips, Gervase, 'Anglo-Scottish Wars: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh',
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1751:
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877:, the Earl of Arran had raised a large army, consisting mainly of
789:, thirty years before. However, Somerset also had several hundred
692:, he launched a war against Scotland that has become known as the
3051:
David H. Caldwell, 'The Battle of Pinkie,' in Norman Macdougall,
2823:
History of the Counties of Ayr & Wigton Scotland: Cunninghame
2762:
History of the Counties of Ayr & Wigton Scotland: Cunninghame
2697:
Patten, (1548), other English names not immediately recognisable.
1548:
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1161:
1064:
Battle of Pinkie, woodcut illustration from William Patten (1548)
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1403:
1345:. The battle took place most probably in the cultivated ground
1055:
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689:
500:
2619:
1678:
David Hamilton of Broomhill, son-in-law of Robert, Lord Semple
3107:, vol.b77, no. 204 part 2, EUP (Oct. 1998), pp. 162–182.
2171:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. lxvi-lxx: Patrick Fraser Tytler,
1411:
1301:
where sixteen Scottish brass guns were recorded. They were a
866:. On 8 September they took Castlemilk in Annandale and burnt
810:
806:
2537:'Swesche n. 1', Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh,
2366:
Works of John Knox: History of the Reformation in Scotland
2060:
2988:
pp. 124–158, Latin account following William Patten.
2810:
Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry
2330:(Cambridge: Parker Society, 1846), pp. 43–44 Letter XXIV.
1398:
Some of the injured soldiers were treated by Lockhart, a
870:
after a bitter struggle to capture its fortified church.
614:
3205:
Battle of Pinkie, exhibition in 2013, Musselburgh Museum
2720:
The Scottish antiquary, or, Northern Notes & Queries
1477:, son of Sir Roger Wodehouse of Kimberley, Norfolk, and
2998:
pp. 353–364, the English army treasurer's account.
2051:
Stuart W. Pyhrr, Donald J. La Rocca, Dirk H. Breiding,
821:, as High Marshal of the Army, and the infantry by the
644:), took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the
3199:
Guide to walking the Battlefield, Musselburgh Museums
626:
617:
608:
1426:
Stone marking the site of the English encampment at
1313:
Account of the English Treasurer General of the Army
611:
3063:
2775:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, Addenda
907:Arran occupied the slopes on the west bank of the
1936:The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–1551
1036:of 300 experienced soldiers under the command of
3234:
2882:
2880:
1563:James Allardice, who fell under the royal banner
1246:and fired three shots, effecting its surrender.
3008:, a French eyewitness fighting on English side.
2747:(London, 1876), p. 631: George Powell McNeill,
2661:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
2610:vol. 1 (Sidgewick & Jackson, 1979), p. 208.
2422:The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
1414:towards the Scottish position on Falside Brae.
3258:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland
2224:
2222:
2071:
2069:
1963:"Anglo-Scottish Wars: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh"
1891:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1434:Edward Shelley, subject of a lost portrait by
1370:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland
1100:Van der Delft wrote a shorter description for
2877:
1918:
1916:
516:
294:
2467:'English Galleys in the Sixteenth Century',
2328:Original Letters Relative to the Reformation
1956:
1954:
1952:
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1948:
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1944:
1455:Sir John Clere's son, a brother of the poet
1195:bombarded the battlefield, (depicted in the
1056:Imperial ambassador's accounts of the battle
996:The 16th-century 'Roman Bridge' over the Esk
743:at the time, was forewarned by letters from
43:River Esk and Inveresk Church at Musselburgh
16:Part of the Rough Wooing (10 September 1547)
2852:(Aberdeen: Spalding Club, 1864), pp. 28–29.
2497:David Caldwell, Vicky Oleksy, Bess Rhodes,
2465:(London, 1903), pp. 115, 135: E. R. Adair,
2411:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), pp. 236–237.
2254:David Caldwell, Vicky Oleksy, Bess Rhodes,
2219:
2188:David Caldwell, Vicky Oleksy, Bess Rhodes,
2078:
2066:
2040:Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
1910:(Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 101.
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1727:Thomas Kennedy, Vicar of Penpont, a son of
1644:Alexander Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Elphinstone
1502:Robert, Master of Erskine, son and heir of
660:, it was part of the conflict known as the
3028:
2710:, vol. 3 part 2, (1822), pp. 67–69, 86–87.
2539:DOST: Dictionary of the Scottish Language'
2012:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1913:
1495:Robert, Master of Graham, son and heir of
1105:derivative news of the battle was sent by
523:
509:
301:
287:
3135:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper.
3036:. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd.
2977:. Paris: Société de l'Histoire de France.
2133:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 19 no. 42.
2116:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 38 no. 78.
1941:
1761:Alexander Livingston, 5th Lord Livingston
3084:
3058:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2597:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 353–364.
2526:, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 112–120.
2315:Calendar State Papers Spanish: 1547–1549
2303:Calendar State Papers Spanish: 1547–1549
1960:
1511:The Master of Avondale, son and heir of
1421:
1381:
1332:
1186:
1120:
1059:
1007:
991:
949:
923:
762:
656:between Scotland and England before the
256:
3273:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
2293:, ed. J. G. Dalyell, (Edinburgh, 1798).
1938:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), pp. 7–8.
1652:, said to have carried the royal banner
1529:The Master of Methven, son and heir of
1523:John Stewart, Master of Buchan, son of
1517:The Master of Ruthven, son and heir of
1258:. Extra gunners were recruited and 140
308:
200:7,000–8,000 killed, wounded or captured
3235:
3130:
2969:
2677:. London: Harper Collins. p. 86.
2672:
2514:(East Linton, Tuckwell, 2000), p. 250.
2488:(London, 1998), p. 155 nos. 7950–7959.
2385:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), p. 236.
2053:The Armored Horse in Europe, 1480–1620
1987:
1724:William Johnston, younger of Caskieben
1386:Scottish re-enactors at Pinkie in 2017
954:Lord Grey charges the Scottish cavalry
720:, maternal uncle of Edward VI, became
639:
2912:
2886:
2524:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
2450:The Anthony Roll of Henry VIII's Navy
2317:, vol. 9 (London, 1912), pp. 181–182.
2305:, vol. 9 (London, 1912), pp. 150–153.
2147:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
1756:John Leckie of Leckie, Dumbartonshire
1729:Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassilis
1281:William Patten described the English
1249:
676:In the last years of his reign, King
504:
282:
3022:
2471:, 35:140 (October 1920), pp. 499–500
2042:(Edinburgh: SHS, 1927), pp. 192–194.
1497:William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose
1355: mi (800 m) south-east of
1084:to hear the news of the battle from
768:Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
2850:Ane Account of the Familie of Innes
2777:, vol. 14 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 53.
2663:, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 160.
2179:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1814), p. 278.
2177:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
2175:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1841), p. 57:
2149:, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 105.
2129:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1879), p. 63:
1759:John, Master of Livingston, son of
1337:Somerset's Mound, Inveresk Kirkyard
1270:, master carpenter of the Scottish
13:
3055:(Edinburgh, 1991), pp. 61–94.
2962:Calendar of State Papers, Scotland
2939:
2865:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. lxviii.
2751:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. lxviii.
2735:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. lxviii.
2552:The Expedition into Scotland, 1547
1961:Phillips, Gervase (12 June 2006).
1818:Robert Munro, 14th Baron of Foulis
1295:English royal inventory of 1547–48
14:
3284:
3186:
3006:(Bannatyne Club: Edinburgh, 1825)
2948:The Late Expedition into Scotland
2745:HMC 5th Report: Barclay Allardice
2673:Fraser, George Macdonald (1995).
2096:The Late Expedition into Scotland
1519:William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven
1513:Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale
1499:, killed in the naval bombardment
2790:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. lxix.
2352:(Longman: London, 1877), p. 109.
1655:Henry Fithie, younger of Boysack
1525:John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan
1278:", a drum used to alert people.
911:to bar Somerset's progress. The
817:. The cavalry were commanded by
604:
530:
255:
248:
149:
137:
37:
3155:www.battleofprestonpans1745.org
3123:Life and Times of Ralph Sadleir
3012:Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton,
2934:
2927:, 18 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. lxx.
2868:
2855:
2842:
2828:
2815:
2802:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2738:
2725:
2713:
2700:
2691:
2666:
2650:
2638:
2613:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2561:
2544:
2529:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2475:
2455:
2442:
2427:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2375:
2355:
2350:Life and Times of Ralph Sadleir
2342:
2333:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2248:
2210:
2195:
2182:
2161:
2152:
2136:
2119:
2106:
2087:
2045:
2029:
2020:
1805:Hugh Montgomerie, a son of the
1531:Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven
1109:in Switzerland to the Reformer
873:To oppose the English south of
684:, to his young son, the future
3087:The Anglo-Scots Wars 1513–1550
2554:(London, 1548), reprinted in,
2230:"1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh"
2131:Calendar State Papers Scotland
2114:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1988:Froude, James Anthony (1860).
1981:
1925:
1898:
1504:John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine
1090:Queen Dowager, Mary of Hungary
716:When Henry VIII died in 1547,
1:
2621:Historic Environment Scotland
2608:Battles in Britain: 1066–1547
2394:Gervase Phillips, 'Tactics',
2291:Fragments of Scottish History
2287:The Expedicion into Scotlande
2055:(New York, 2005), pp. 57–58:
1627:Archibald Dunbar of Baldoon,
1393:
1136:to be betrothed to the young
1088:. Van der Delft wrote to the
797:, a large and well-appointed
671:
3053:Scotland and War, AD 79–1918
3034:Scotland and War, AD 79–1918
1907:The Concise Scots Dictionary
1793:Richard Melville, father of
1776:John MacDowall of Corswall,
1695:Kentigern "Mungo" Huntar of
1692:, and his oldest son William
1609:John Crawford of Giffordland
1116:
947:put up a slight resistance.
805:, including a contingent of
7:
3268:Battles of the Rough Wooing
2569:The Inventory of Henry VIII
2501:(Oxbow, 2023), pp. 51, 243.
2372:: Edinburgh, 1846), p. 211.
1786:Fergus McDouall of Freugh,
1766:Thomas MacCulloch of Plaids
1624:Thomas Dumbreck of that Ilk
1620:Robert Douglas of Lochleven
1484:
1305:, 2 culverins, 3 sakers, 9
1147:
862:and the Scottish dissident
813:mounted arquebusiers under
758:
269:Battle location in Scotland
10:
3289:
3105:Scottish Historical Review
3085:Phillips, Gervase (1999).
2996:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh (1809)
2964:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898)
2954:(London, 1903), pp. 53–157
2950:(1548), in A. E. Pollard,
2825:(Edinburgh, 1866), p. 345.
2764:(Edinburgh, 1866), p. 345.
2625:"Battle of Pinkie (BTL15)"
2499:The Battle of Pinkie, 1547
2396:Scottish Historical Review
2256:The Battle of Pinkie, 1547
2190:The Battle of Pinkie, 1547
2098:(1548), in A. E. Pollard,
1831:John Vans of Barnbarroch,
1566:Andrew Anstruther of that
1417:
1341:The battle site is now in
1012:The fight for the standard
939:had made a similar act at
919:
887:siege of St Andrews Castle
2838:(London, 1902), pp. 38–40
2812:(Harrison, 1862), p. 682.
2558:, (London, 1903), p. 136.
2469:English Historical Review
2398:(Oct. 1998), pp. 172–173.
2102:(London, 1903), pp. 86–89
1672:James Gordon of Lochinvar
987:
753:Nicholas Bellin of Modena
751:made by the workshops of
540:
320:
243:
239:
229:
221:
212:
208:
204:200–600 killed or wounded
194:
178:
161:
130:
47:
36:
28:
23:
2708:Ecclesiastical Memorials
1843:
1547:Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw
1467:was killed in battle at
1328:
1283:officers of the Ordnance
829:, and Somerset himself.
827:Lord Dacre of Gillesland
785:as they had been at the
3253:History of East Lothian
3133:Famous Scottish Battles
3131:Warner, Philip (1996).
3125:(Longman: London. 1877)
3016:, Camden Society (1847)
2923:George Powell McNeill,
2861:George Powell McNeill,
2786:George Powell McNeill,
2731:George Powell McNeill,
2584:(Glasgow, 1837), p. 21.
2486:Inventory of Henry VIII
2452:(Ashgate, 2000), p. 35.
2167:George Powell McNeill,
2125:Patrick Fraser Tytler,
1828:Hew Ralston of that llk
1590:William Cunninghame of
1268:John Drummond of Milnab
597:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
2900:Cite journal requires
2258:(Oxbow, 2023), p. 108.
2206:(London, 1903), p. 100
2192:(Oxbow, 2023), p. 192.
1675:John Gordon of Pitlurg
1648:Finla Mor, Findlay of
1430:
1387:
1338:
1199:
1129:
1074:François van der Delft
1065:
1053:
1013:
997:
955:
932:
770:
215:Registered battlefield
162:Commanders and leaders
3228:Battle of Prestonpans
2438:(London, 1903), p. 78
2276:Phillips, pp. 197–199
2216:Phillips, pp. 191–192
2158:Phillips, pp. 181–182
2026:Phillips, pp. 178–183
1969:. World History Group
1662:of Garden and Torwood
1596:Gabriel Cunyngham of
1491:Malcolm, Lord Fleming
1425:
1385:
1336:
1190:
1124:
1076:went to the court of
1063:
1045:
1011:
995:
953:
927:
766:
678:Henry VIII of England
652:, Scotland. The last
195:Casualties and losses
3180:Greentrax Recordings
1994:. London. p. 51
1822:Alexander Napier of
1736:Alexander Lauder of
1733:Alexnder Kinninmonth
1711:James Innes of Cromy
1637:Alexander Dundas of
1572:James Blair, Middle
1264:Laird of Elphinstone
1174:Abbot of Dunfermline
937:James IV of Scotland
881:with contingents of
775:Commissions of Array
749:leather horse armour
682:Mary, Queen of Scots
595:, also known as the
266:class=notpageimage|
3121:F. Sadlier Stoney,
2994:Sadler State Papers
2595:Sadler State Papers
2461:Albert F. Pollard,
2433:Albert F. Pollard,
2348:F. Sadlier Stoney,
2326:Hastings Robinson,
2173:History of Scotland
2127:History of Scotland
1541:William Adamson of
1471:on 21 August 1557).
1440:Sir William Shelley
819:Lord Grey of Wilton
658:Union of the Crowns
312:Anglo-Scottish Wars
90: /
3175:Doon Pinkie Cleugh
3030:Macdougall, Norman
2722:, 8 (1890), p. 89.
2657:James Balfour Paul
2580:Joseph Stevenson,
2420:Annie I. Cameron,
2143:James Balfour Paul
1811:Kentigern Muir of
1799:James Montfode of
1770:John MacDowall of
1431:
1388:
1377:St. Andrew's Cross
1339:
1250:Scottish artillery
1200:
1176:, and Hugh Rig of
1130:
1066:
1014:
998:
956:
933:
771:
230:Reference no.
95:55.9304°N 3.0211°W
3248:Conflicts in 1547
3127:pp. 107–114.
3089:. Boydell Press.
3066:The Rough Wooings
3023:Secondary sources
3001:David Constable,
2992:Arthur Clifford,
2982:Teulet, A., ed.,
2971:Teulet, Alexandre
2675:The Steel Bonnets
2606:William Seymour,
2593:Arthur Clifford,
2512:The Rough Wooings
2510:Marcus Merriman,
2409:The Rough Wooings
2407:Marcus Merriman,
2383:The Rough Wooings
2381:Marcus Merriman,
1895:MacDougall, p. 87
1883:MacDougall, p. 86
1871:MacDougall, p. 68
1859:MacDougall, p. 73
1586:3rd Lord Cathcart
1578:Thomas Brodie of
1543:Craigcrook Castle
1309:, and a robinet.
1138:Dauphin of France
1126:Inchmahome Priory
1038:Sir John Luttrell
801:train, and 6,000
787:Battle of Flodden
755:and Hans Hunter.
641:[kl(j)ux]
588:
587:
560:St Andrews Castle
498:
497:
277:
276:
126:
125:
55:10 September 1547
3280:
3243:1547 in Scotland
3165:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3113:Military History
3100:
3081:
3069:
3060:Merriman, Marcus
3047:
2978:
2946:William Patten,
2928:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2826:
2821:James Paterson,
2819:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2760:James Paterson,
2758:
2752:
2742:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2670:
2664:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2550:William Patten,
2548:
2542:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2479:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2339:Phillips, p. 252
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2285:William Patten,
2283:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2267:Phillips, p. 196
2265:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2093:William Patten,
2091:
2085:
2084:Phillips, p. 183
2082:
2076:
2075:Phillips, p. 186
2073:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2036:Annie I. Cameron
2033:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1958:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1922:Phillips, p. 193
1920:
1911:
1904:Mairi Robinson,
1902:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1881:
1872:
1869:
1860:
1857:
1807:Earl of Eglinton
1650:Clan Farquharson
1475:Thomas Wodehouse
1465:Ormesby, Norfolk
1438:, fourth son of
1354:
1353:
1349:
1256:Edinburgh Castle
1154:Renaissance army
967:and 500 lighter
855:on 7 September.
845:Innerwick Castle
726:Duke of Somerset
643:
638:
629:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
613:
610:
603:
593:Battle of Pinkie
535:
525:
518:
511:
502:
501:
315:
313:
303:
296:
289:
280:
279:
259:
258:
252:
184:18,000 to 22,000
173:Duke of Somerset
154:
153:
142:
141:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
107:
106:Battle of Pinkie
102:
101:
100:55.9304; -3.0211
96:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
49:
48:
41:
24:Battle of Pinkie
21:
20:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3233:
3232:
3189:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3115:, August (1997)
3097:
3078:
3044:
3025:
2986:, vol. 1 (1862)
2942:
2940:Primary sources
2937:
2932:
2931:
2925:Exchequer Rolls
2922:
2913:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2863:Exchequer Rolls
2860:
2856:
2848:Duncan Forbes,
2847:
2843:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2816:
2808:Bernard Burke,
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2788:Exchequer Rolls
2785:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2755:
2749:Exchequer Rolls
2743:
2739:
2733:Exchequer Rolls
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2671:
2667:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2567:David Starkey,
2566:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2480:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2201:A. F. Pollard,
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2169:Exchequer Rolls
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2141:
2137:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2050:
2046:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1959:
1942:
1932:Marcus Merriman
1930:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1795:Andrew Melville
1669:of Corstorphine
1584:Alan Cathcart,
1557:Gilbert Agnew,
1487:
1450:Lord Fitzwalter
1420:
1396:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1331:
1315:
1299:Tower of London
1252:
1240:Broughty Castle
1218:, captained by
1182:Marcus Merriman
1150:
1119:
1111:Henry Bullinger
1094:Earl of Warwick
1082:Oatlands Palace
1058:
1023:King's Standard
990:
973:Jacques Granado
958:In an outdated
922:
851:. He camped at
849:Thornton Castle
823:Earl of Warwick
815:Pedro de Gamboa
777:and armed with
761:
674:
633:
627:
607:
601:
600:
589:
584:
580:Broughty Castle
536:
531:
529:
499:
494:
480:Broughty Castle
395:Meung-sur-Loire
316:
311:
309:
307:
273:
272:
271:
270:
268:
262:
261:
260:
217:
201:
190:
188:
148:
136:
122:English victory
105:
103:
99:
97:
93:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
75:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3286:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3188:
3187:External links
3185:
3184:
3183:
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3147:
3141:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3082:
3076:
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2930:
2929:
2911:
2902:|journal=
2876:
2867:
2854:
2841:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2792:
2779:
2773:David Masson,
2766:
2753:
2737:
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2712:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2665:
2649:
2637:
2612:
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2516:
2503:
2490:
2474:
2454:
2441:
2426:
2413:
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2387:
2374:
2370:Wodrow Society
2354:
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2332:
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2307:
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2181:
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2019:
1980:
1940:
1924:
1912:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
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1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:, Wigtownshire
1784:
1774:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
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1722:
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1416:
1400:barber surgeon
1395:
1392:
1361:Fa'side Castle
1330:
1327:
1314:
1311:
1251:
1248:
1236:Michael Durham
1149:
1146:
1118:
1115:
1078:King Edward VI
1057:
1054:
989:
986:
945:Falside Castle
931:, East Lothian
929:Fa'side Castle
921:
918:
913:Firth of Forth
902:Earl of Huntly
891:Lord Treasurer
864:Earl of Lennox
860:Thomas Wharton
838:border reivers
831:William Patten
760:
757:
745:Adam Otterburn
722:Lord Protector
718:Edward Seymour
673:
670:
666:William Patten
654:pitched battle
586:
585:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
545:Glasgow (1544)
541:
538:
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528:
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520:
513:
505:
496:
495:
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264:
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237:
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231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
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210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
197:
196:
192:
191:
187:c. 30 warships
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
159:
158:
146:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
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120:
116:
115:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3285:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
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3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3142:0-85052-487-3
3138:
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3129:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3096:0-85115-746-7
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3077:1-86232-090-X
3073:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3043:0-85976-248-3
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3017:
3015:
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3000:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:Joseph Bain,
2958:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2894:
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2776:
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2757:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2706:John Strype,
2703:
2694:
2686:
2684:0-00-272746-3
2680:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2626:
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2609:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
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2564:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2535:"Swesch" see
2532:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2482:David Starkey
2478:
2472:
2470:
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2445:
2439:
2437:
2430:
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2371:
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2288:
2282:
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2223:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2112:Joseph Bain,
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2023:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1908:
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1880:
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1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
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1642:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:of Auchinames
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
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1589:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
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1516:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1479:Madge Shelton
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
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1424:
1415:
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1405:
1401:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
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1323:
1319:
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1300:
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1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1244:Galley Subtle
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:Andrew Dudley
1229:
1228:Galley Subtle
1225:
1221:
1220:Richard Broke
1217:
1216:Galley Subtle
1213:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1193:Galley Subtle
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:medieval army
1155:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:Prince Philip
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:William Paget
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
985:
983:
982:single combat
977:
974:
970:
966:
961:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
930:
926:
917:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
769:
765:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:Earl of Arran
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
636:
631:
630:
622:
598:
594:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
534:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
507:
506:
503:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
430:Flodden Field
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Homildon Hill
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
284:
281:
267:
251:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:21 March 2011
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:
193:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
171:
169:
168:Earl of Arran
166:
165:
160:
157:
152:
147:
145:
140:
135:
134:
129:
121:
118:
117:
112:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3174:
3170:Alex Hodgson
3158:. Retrieved
3154:
3132:
3122:
3112:
3104:
3086:
3070:. Tuckwell.
3065:
3052:
3033:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2974:
2961:
2952:Tudor Tracts
2951:
2947:
2935:Bibliography
2924:
2893:cite journal
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2693:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2615:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2563:
2556:Tudor Tracts
2555:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2468:
2463:Tudor Tracts
2462:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2436:Tudor Tracts
2435:
2429:
2421:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2377:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2233:
2212:
2204:Tudor Tracts
2203:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2100:Tudor Tracts
2099:
2095:
2089:
2080:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2022:
1996:. Retrieved
1990:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1966:
1935:
1927:
1906:
1900:
1837:Wigtownshire
1782:Wigtownshire
1718:, Master of
1633:Wigtownshire
1574:Auchindraine
1559:Wigtownshire
1553:Wigtownshire
1535:
1457:Thomas Clere
1408:
1397:
1389:
1374:
1343:East Lothian
1340:
1318:Ralph Sadler
1316:
1291:brass sakers
1280:
1253:
1243:
1227:
1224:an inventory
1215:
1212:Lord Clinton
1209:
1205:Lord Methven
1201:
1197:Anthony Roll
1192:
1170:George Durie
1151:
1131:
1099:
1067:
1046:
1042:
1030:arquebusiers
1027:
1015:
1003:
999:
978:
969:demi-lancers
957:
934:
906:
898:Earl of Home
895:
872:
857:
835:
795:arquebusiers
772:
715:
694:Rough Wooing
675:
662:Rough Wooing
596:
592:
590:
564:
533:Rough Wooing
459:
131:Belligerents
31:Rough Wooing
29:Part of the
18:
3263:Musselburgh
2630:27 February
2362:David Laing
2289:(1548), in
2236:. p. 5
2234:Tudor Times
1592:Glengarnock
1436:Hans Eworth
1366:Musselburgh
1303:demi-cannon
1156:defeated a
1107:John Hooper
1072:ambassador
1018:body armour
965:men-at-arms
739:, Scottish
733:Reformation
698:Reformation
650:Musselburgh
555:Ancrum Moor
455:Ancrum Moor
445:Solway Moss
355:Nesbit Moor
350:Fulhope Law
98: /
65:Musselburgh
3237:Categories
2368:, vol. 1 (
2240:31 October
1967:HistoryNet
1824:Merchiston
1788:Stoneykirk
1714:Alexander
1707:Wedderburn
1697:Hunterston
1616:of Ardross
1614:Dishington
1461:John Clere
1452:'s brother
1394:Casualties
1238:sailed to
853:Longniddry
793:mercenary
672:Background
570:Haddington
475:Haddington
470:Drumlanrig
440:Haddon Rig
222:Designated
189:16,800 men
104: (
82:55°55′49″N
2008:cite book
1833:Kirkinner
1772:Garthland
1744:Learmonth
1686:Henderson
1667:Forrester
1660:Forrester
1629:Kirkinner
1598:Craigends
1372:in 2011.
1307:falconets
1297:, at the
1166:John Knox
1117:Aftermath
971:, led by
960:chivalric
909:River Esk
875:Edinburgh
799:artillery
686:Edward VI
646:River Esk
602:English:
575:Inchkeith
550:Edinburgh
490:Redeswire
465:Inchkeith
450:Edinburgh
435:Hornshole
410:Piperdean
400:Beaugency
365:Yeavering
340:Otterburn
85:3°01′16″W
3160:12 April
3062:(2000).
3032:(1991).
2973:(1862).
1813:Rowallan
1801:Montfode
1778:Kirkcolm
1752:Balcomie
1612:William
1604:Crawfurd
1485:Scottish
1469:Kirkwall
1428:Inveresk
1357:Inveresk
1322:Aberlady
1287:culverin
1272:ordnance
1260:pioneers
1178:Carberry
1148:Analysis
1070:Imperial
1034:vanguard
883:Highland
842:slighted
759:Campaign
730:Anglican
420:Roxburgh
390:Herrings
380:Verneuil
179:Strength
144:Scotland
73:Scotland
60:Location
1748:Dairsie
1738:Haltoun
1701:George
1690:Fordell
1684:George
1639:Fingask
1549:Leswalt
1418:English
1350:⁄
1276:swesche
1242:in the
1162:amateur
1142:Francis
1049:houghed
941:Twizell
920:Prelude
879:pikemen
811:Italian
807:Spanish
803:cavalry
779:longbow
425:Berwick
385:Orléans
375:Cravant
335:Melrose
156:England
69:Lothian
3139:
3093:
3074:
3040:
2681:
1998:26 May
1973:26 May
1742:James
1716:Irvine
1665:James
1658:David
1580:Brodie
1412:slough
1404:Dunbar
1226:. The
1134:France
988:Battle
791:German
741:Regent
690:France
565:Pinkie
460:Pinkie
119:Result
1844:Notes
1602:John
1402:from
1329:Today
868:Annan
710:Doric
706:Scots
704:” in
648:near
635:Scots
485:Leith
405:Patay
370:Baugé
234:BTL15
3162:2018
3137:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3072:ISBN
3038:ISBN
2906:help
2679:ISBN
2632:2019
2242:2019
2061:AALT
2014:link
2000:2017
1975:2017
1750:and
1720:Drum
1703:Home
1448:The
1289:, 3
1234:and
1191:The
1068:The
847:and
809:and
783:bill
781:and
724:and
708:and
702:loon
628:KLUF
591:The
415:Sark
345:1400
330:1385
325:Duns
52:Date
2059:by
1746:of
1705:of
1688:of
1568:Ilk
1463:of
1080:at
3239::
3153:.
2914:^
2897::
2895:}}
2891:{{
2879:^
2659:,
2623:.
2484:,
2364:,
2232:.
2221:^
2145:,
2068:^
2038:,
2010:}}
2006:{{
1965:.
1943:^
1934:,
1915:^
1888:^
1876:^
1864:^
1852:^
1835:,
1780:,
1631:,
1551:,
1266:.
1180:.
1172:,
1140:,
825:,
632:,
71:,
67:,
3219:.
3213:.
3207:.
3201:.
3195:.
3182:.
3166:.
3164:.
3145:.
3117:.
3099:.
3080:.
3048:.
3046:.
3018:.
2966:.
2956:.
2908:)
2904:(
2687:.
2647:.
2634:.
2244:.
2063:.
2016:)
2002:.
1977:.
1459:(
1442:.
1352:2
1348:1
637::
621:/
618:f
615:ĘŚ
612:l
609:k
606:/
599:(
524:e
517:t
510:v
302:e
295:t
288:v
108:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
