Battle of Queenston Heights

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men. This was more than the hospital at Niagara could accommodate, so some of them had to be cared for in the court house or in nearby churches. These were only the men who were badly injured enough to require hospitalization: the numbers of the walking wounded, who were seen by the British surgeons and then kept with the other prisoners, have not been recorded. Of the severely wounded prisoners, 30 soon died, so by the time a full report on the prisoners was issued on 15 October, there were 19 officers and 417 enlisted men of the U.S. regulars and 54 officers and 435 other ranks of the New York Militia. The 80 surviving wounded in the American hospital and the 90 surviving wounded prisoners were presumably the basis for General Van Rensselaer's statement, in a letter to Dearborn on 20 October, that "the aggregate" of his information would indicate that 170 Americans had been wounded in the battle. This gives total American casualties of 60–100 killed, 80 wounded, 90 wounded prisoners and 835 other prisoners. 6 officers (4 regular and 2 militia) were among the killed; 11 officers (6 regular and 5 militia) were among the wounded who escaped capture and 8 officers (4 regular and 4 militia) were among the wounded prisoners. Those captured included Brigadier General William Wadsworth of the New York Militia, Lieutenant Colonel Scott and four other lieutenant colonels. A 6-pounder gun and the colours of a New York Militia regiment were also captured.

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Colonel Solomon Van Rensselaer ordered Captains Wool and Ogilvie to take a detachment upstream "and ascend the heights by the point of the rock, and storm the battery." The redan had very few troops guarding it, the light company of the 49th having been ordered from the heights into the town by Brock to join the fighting in the village in support of the grenadier company. Wool's troops attacked just after Brock arrived, forcing his small party and the artillerymen to flee into the village, after quickly spiking the guns. Brock sent a message to Major General Sheaffe at Fort George, ordering him to bring as many troops as possible to Queenston. He then resolved to recapture the redan immediately rather than wait for reinforcements.

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the militia into crossing the river. He then tried to induce the civilian boatmen to cross the river and retrieve his soldiers from Canada, but they refused even that. The General reported the next day that, "...to my utter astonishment, I found that at the very moment when complete victory was in our hands, the ardor of the unengaged troops had entirely subsided. I rode in all directions – urged men by every consideration to pass over – but in vain." He sent a message to Brigadier General Wadsworth which left the decision whether to stand and fight or withdraw across the Niagara to him, promising to send boats if the decision was made to withdraw.

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battle's momentum turned when a musket ball hit Macdonell's mount, causing it to rear and twist around, and another shot hit him in the small of the back, causing him to fall from the horse. He was removed from the battlefield but succumbed to his injuries early the next day. Captain Williams was laid low by a wound to the head, and Dennis by a severe wound to the thigh (although he continued to lead his detachment throughout the action). Carrying Macdonnell and the body of Brock, the British fell back through Queenston to Durham's Farm a mile north near Vrooman's Point.

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back for shore, despite Chrystie's efforts to restrain him. This later caused controversy when Captain Lawrence, commanding the next boat following, asserted Chrystie had ordered him to retreat, leading to accusations of cowardice. One of the four remaining boats was sunk by fire from a 3-pound grasshopper cannon and a trio of others, carrying Lieutenant Colonel John Fenwick (formerly the commandant at Fort Niagara) and 80 men, drifted downstream and landed in Hamilton Cove, a hollow about 800 yards downriver, where a detachment of

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ground rose 300 feet (100 m) to Queenston Heights. The slope from the heights to the river bank was very steep but overgrown with shrubs and trees, making it fairly easy to climb. Lewiston was on the American side of the river, with the ground to its south rising to Lewiston Heights. The river was fast-flowing and 200 yards wide but was described as being little trouble to even an indifferent oarsman. In time of peace, there was a regular boat service between Queenston and Lewiston with permanent landing stages in both villages.

2511: 1132:(a "car brigade", with draught horses and drivers provided by Canadian farmers and militia) under Captain William Holcroft with two 6-pounder guns moved into Queenston village, supported by a company of the 41st under Captain Derenzy. Militia Captain Alexander Hamilton guided them to a firing position in the courtyard of Hamilton's house. When they opened fire at 1 p.m., it once again became hazardous for the American boats to attempt to cross the river. Two American boats and a scow were sunk, and 3247: 1285:

command the same respect. He was already known to many of the troops in Upper Canada as a harsh disciplinarian. His success where Brock had rashly sacrificed himself could not help him escape censure for not having followed up the victory at Queenston Heights with an attack on Fort Niagara (which had been left virtually evacuated by its garrison after a bombardment from British batteries that afternoon). The following April, he was defeated by a numerically superior American force at the

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of British troops and supplies. Brock returned to the Niagara on 22 August, to find the armistice in effect. The terms of the armistice permitted the use of the river by both powers as a common waterway and Brock could only watch as American reinforcements and supplies were moved to Van Rensselaer's army, without being able to take action to prevent it. The armistice ended on 8 September, by which time Van Rensselaer's army was considerably better supplied than it had been before.

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militia. Because the United States Army was being rapidly expanded, most of the regulars at Lewiston were recent recruits, and Van Rensselaer considered the militiamen's drill and discipline superior to that of the regulars. The Americans had twelve boats, each of which could carry thirty men, and two large boats which could carry eighty men and which were fitted with platforms on which

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furious over the deaths of two chiefs, Scott feared a massacre and surrendered to the British. The first two officers who tried to surrender were killed by Native Americans, and after Scott had personally waved a white flag (actually Totten's white cravat), excited Natives continued to fire from the heights into the crowd of Americans on the river bank below for several minutes.

806:"sticking in the road." The same tempestuous weather drenched Van Rensselaer's troops as they stood and waited to embark. One of the lead boatmen, a Lieutenant Sims, rowed his boat away and deserted the army, taking with him most of the oars. By the time the oars could be replaced, the attack had to be postponed. Colonel Van Rensselaer set the second attempt for 13 October. 987:

the remaining ten boats under Colonel van Rensselaer began landing at the village. A sentry noticed them and, rather than fire his musket to raise the alarm and thus warn the American troops that they had been spotted, ran to Dennis' headquarters. After waiting and observing the enemy landing build up for several minutes, Dennis' troops began firing rolling, accurate

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works and withdraw. Scott fell back to the top of the heights where he attempted to throw up a barricade of fence rails and brushwood to cover the evacuation with his regulars. He placed the 6-pounder gun in front of the line, and posted some riflemen on the right among the huts formerly occupied by the light company of the 49th.

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fire, and most of their comrades killed or wounded within minutes, all the other survivors of Fenwick's party quickly surrendered. Three men managed to escape in one boat, which sank on reaching the American side of the river. The last boat drifted within easy range of the gun at Vrooman's Point and its occupants surrendered.

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firing a volley, they charged with the bayonet, forcing the riflemen to give way in confusion. Sheaffe immediately ordered a general advance, and the entire British line fired a volley, raised the Indian war-whoop and charged. The American militia, hearing the Mohawk war-cries and believing themselves doomed, retreated

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it to fire into Queenston village, but it had a limited field of fire away from the river. Some American soldiers entered Queenston village and looted some houses. They also rescued Lieutenant Colonel Fenwick and other survivors from his party, but did not attempt to drive Dennis from his position near Vrooman's Point.

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Sheaffe took his time forming his men up and preparing them for battle and attacked at 4 p.m., twelve hours after Van Rensselaer launched his assault. The first attack was made by the light company of the 41st with 35 militia and some Native Americans against the riflemen on Scott's right. After

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Brock's charge was made by Dennis' and Williams' two companies of the 49th and two companies of militia. The assault was halted by heavy fire and as he noticed unwounded men dropping to the rear, Brock shouted angrily that "This is the first time I have ever seen the 49th turn their backs! Surely the

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The 18-pounder cannon and the howitzer in the redan were causing great carnage amongst the American boats. Since coming ashore an hour-and-a-half earlier, the U.S. forces had been pinned down along the river. Prompted by Lieutenant Gansevoort of the U.S. Artillery, who knew the area well, the wounded

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As the light grew, the British guns became more accurate. As a second wave of six American boats began to cross the river, the crews of three of them, including their two largest, one of which was carrying Lieutenant Colonel Chrystie, panicked as they came under fire. Chrystie's pilot turned the boat

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The Americans began crossing the river in thirteen boats at 4 a.m. on 13 October. Three boats, including Chrystie's, were swept downstream by the current. One landed lower down and the other two under Chrystie returned to the American side of the river. Ten minutes after they began the crossing,

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The village of Queenston consisted of a stone barracks and twenty houses each surrounded by gardens and peach orchards. Several farmhouses were scattered through the neighbouring fields and pastures. The village lay at the mouth of the gorge of the River Niagara. Immediately south of the village, the

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at Fort George) crossed the Niagara River under a flag of truce to request an immediate exchange of prisoners taken in Elliot's raid on the British brigs three days before. He attempted to see Colonel Solomon Van Rensselaer but was told the Colonel was ill. Instead, he was met by a man who claimed to

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General Van Rensselaer determined at this point to re-cross to Lewiston to push forward reinforcements and munitions. Refugees and stragglers crowded into his boat and nearly capsized it. In Lewiston, he found that the troops had dissolved into a disorderly crowd and was unable to cajole any more of

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Lieutenant Colonel Chrystie briefly took charge of the troops on the Canadian side but returned to Lewiston to collect reinforcements and entrenching tools. At about noon, General van Rensselaer and Chrystie crossed to the Canadian side of the river. They ordered the position on Queenston Heights to

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By 10 a.m., the Americans were opposed only by the 24-pounder at Vrooman's Point which was firing at the American boats at very long range. The Americans were able to push several hundred fresh troops and a 6-pounder field gun across the river. They unspiked the 18-pounder in the redan and used

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Meanwhile, the British guns opened fire in the direction of the American landing stage at Lewiston, and the American guns (two 18-pounder guns in an earthwork named "Fort Gray" on Lewiston Heights, two 6-pounder field guns and two 5.5-inch (140 mm) mortars near the landing stage) opened fire on

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into the Americans in the midst of their coming ashore, firing low so as to inflict debilitating wounds. Colonel Van Rensselaer was hit in the thigh by a musket ball as soon as he stepped out of his boat on the Canadian shore. As he tried to form up his troops, he was promptly hit five more times in

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Evans was struck by the repetition of this phrase and spotted several boats hidden under bushes along the shore. He deduced that a crossing was planned for 13 October, but when he returned to the British lines a council of officers responded to his statement with laughter and mockery. However, Brock

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Even with Hull's failure and Dearborn's inaction, Van Rensselaer's situation appeared strong. On 1 September, he had only 691 unpaid men fit for duty, but the arrival of reinforcements boosted his force considerably. In addition to his own force of around 6,000 regulars, volunteers, and militia, Van

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Sheaffe arrived at Queenston at 2 p.m. and took charge of the British troops. He ordered yet more reinforcements to join him, and when they had done so, he led his force on a 3 miles (4.8 km) detour to the Heights, shielding them from the American artillery. Here, he was joined by another

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from the rear. However, Smyth made no reply to Van Rensselaer's plan. When summoned to a council of officers in early October to plan the attack, Smyth did not respond, nor did he reply to a letter sent soon after. A direct order to arrive "with all possible dispatch" was also met with silence. Van

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While Brock had been at Detroit, Major General Sheaffe had been in command of the troops on the Niagara. Acting under Prevost's orders, Sheaffe had concluded an armistice with Colonel Van Rensselaer on 20 August and had even gone further than Prevost's orders by voluntarily restricting the movement

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The loss of Major General Brock was nevertheless a major blow to the British. Brock had inspired his own troops and the militia and civilian authorities in Upper Canada by his blustering confidence and activity. Sheaffe, his successor, received a baronetcy for his part in the victory but could not

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The number of Americans killed in the battle has been variously estimated at 60, 90, and 100. 82 severely wounded Americans were evacuated across the Niagara before the surrender, of whom 2 soon died. 955 Americans were initially captured by the British, including 120 severely wounded officers and

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climbed up to the top of the heights and suddenly fell on Scott's outposts. None were killed, and the Mohawk force was driven back into some woods, but the Americans' spirits were badly affected by their fear of the natives. Warcries could be clearly heard in Lewiston, and militia waiting there to

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Despite the disadvantage in numbers as well as attacking a fixed position, Williams' and Macdonell's small force was driving the opposing force to the edge of the gorge on which the redan was situated, and seemed on the verge of success before the Americans were able to regroup and stand firm. The

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Major General Isaac Brock was both the civil Administrator of Upper Canada and Commander of the military forces there. He was an aggressive commander, and his successful capture of Detroit had won him praise, the reputation as the "saviour of Upper Canada" and a knighthood, the news of which would

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and without orders. Cursing the men who would not cross the river, General Wadsworth surrendered at the edge of the precipice with 300 men. Scott, Totten and some others scrambled down the steep bank to the edge of the river. With no boats arriving to evacuate his men and with the Mohawk warriors

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As Sheaffe's force began to advance, Scott and Wadsworth received Van Rensselaer's message. At this point, according to Scott, the effective American force on the heights consisted of 125 regular infantry, 14 artillerymen and 296 militiamen. The Americans decided to abandon their incomplete field

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after the siege of Detroit, made him a conspicuous target. He was shot down by an unknown American who stepped forward from a thicket and fired at a range of barely fifty yards. The ball struck Brock in the chest, killing him almost instantly. His body was carried from the field and secreted in a

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quickly surrounded Fenwick's men. A blistering fire was opened upon the U.S. infantry; Fenwick was grievously wounded in the face by a pistol shot, also receiving musket balls in his thigh and right side – his cloak was riddled with nine additional balls. Their boats' hulls perforated with musket

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Despite being a lawyer by trade with little military experience, Lieutenant Colonel Macdonell led a second attempt, together with Williams, to retake the redan. With Williams' men of the 49th starting from brush to the right of the line near the escarpment and Macdonell's anchoring the left, the

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The American forces involved were the 6th, 13th, and 23rd U.S. Regiments of Infantry, with detachments of U.S. Artillery serving as infantry. There were also the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Regiments of New York Militia and a volunteer battalion of riflemen, totalling 900 regulars and 2,650

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The British official casualty return gave 14 killed, 77 wounded, and 21 missing, with the loss of Norton's Native Americans not included. Historian Robert Malcomson has demonstrated this computation to be in error and shows that the British and Canadian losses were 16 killed, 83 wounded, and 21

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At Fort George, Brock had been awakened by the noise of the artillery at Queenston. As he considered this might only be a diversion, he ordered only a few detachments to move to Queenston but galloped there himself, accompanied by a few aides. He passed through the village as dawn broke, being

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On 10 October, Van Rensselaer sent orders to Smyth to march his brigade to Lewiston in preparation for the attack "with every possible dispatch." Smyth set out upon receipt of the letter. However, in foul weather, he chose a route to Lewiston that was so bad that abandoned wagons could be seen

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Sheaffe immediately proposed a temporary truce and invited Van Rensselaer to send surgeons to assist in treating the wounded. Having assented, General Van Rensselaer resigned immediately after the battle and was succeeded as senior officer on the Niagara by Alexander Smyth, the officer whose

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and possibly delay the start of the battle. His aim was to establish a fortified bridgehead around Queenston, where he could maintain his army in winter quarters while planning for a campaign in the spring. Colonel Van Rensselaer had visited the British side under the escort of Brock's aide,

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Van Rensselaer was also unable to launch any immediate attack on the Niagara Peninsula, lacking troops and supplies. Although he held the rank of Major General in the New York state militia, Van Rensselaer had not commanded troops in battle and was not a warrior, being considered the leading

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subsequently ran aground and was set on fire to prevent it being recaptured. Brock feared this might presage an attack from Buffalo and galloped to Fort Erie. Although he soon realised that there was no immediate danger from Smyth in Buffalo, and returned to his headquarters in

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which affected American merchant ships, and thus removed some of the stated causes of the war. He believed that peace negotiations might result and did not wish to prejudice any talks by taking offensive action. He opened negotiations with General Dearborn, and arranged local

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column of reinforcements from Chippawa under Captain Richard Bullock of the 41st. In all, he commanded over 800 men. In addition to the remnants of the force which had been engaged under Brock in the morning, he had five companies of the 41st and seven of militia (including

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will not tarnish their record!" At this rebuke, the ranks promptly closed up and were joined by two more companies of militia, those of Cameron and Heward. Brock saw that the militia supports were lagging behind at the foot of the hill and ordered one of his Provincial

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under Captain Samuel Hatt. Two more companies of York Militia under Captains Cameron and Heward were stationed at Brown's Point, three miles to the north. The remaining local militia of the 5th Lincoln Regiment were not on duty but could assemble at very short notice.

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The question of who was to blame for the defeat was one that was never resolved. Stephen Van Rensselaer's popularity remained high enough that he was able to make an unsuccessful attempt to unseat Daniel Tompkins as Governor of New York, and he later served in the

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insolence had badly injured the invasion attempt. Smyth still had his regulars at Buffalo but refused to launch an attack until he had 3,000 men under his command. He launched a successful raid to prepare the ground for a full-scale invasion at the

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force of between 70 and 80 men (more than half of whom were militia) advanced toward the redan. Wool had been reinforced by more troops who had just made their way up the path to the top of the Heights, and Macdonell faced some four hundred troops.

1088:) suggests Brock died almost instantly, without time to speak. According to historian J. Mackay Hitsman, Brock's earlier command to push on the York Volunteers, who had just arrived from Queenston, was transformed into the later legend. 846:

be General Stephen Van Rensselaer's secretary, Toock. Toock was probably Major John Lovett (Van Rensselaer's private military secretary) in disguise, and he repeatedly stated no exchange could be arranged until "the day after tomorrow."

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Brock was struck in the wrist of his sword arm by a musket ball but pressed home the attack he was directing. His height and energetic gestures, together with his officer's uniform and a gaudy sash given to him eight weeks earlier by

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According to legend, Brock's last words were "Push on, brave York Volunteers", but this is very unlikely, since Brock was not with them when he fell. Moreover, the wound's location (as seen on his coat, which is on display at the

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but then bungled two attempts to cross the river near Fort Erie and drew the loathing of his soldiers. Universally castigated for his refusal to attack and with rumours of mutiny in the air, Smyth slipped away to his home in

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captured, with a further 5 killed, 2 wounded, and 1 captured among the Native American contingent. This gives a total loss of 21 killed, 85 wounded, and 22 captured. Among the wounded Canadians was James Secord, husband of

813:, near Buffalo, rather than press on to Lewiston. He wrote to Van Rensselaer on 12 October that his troops would be in condition to move out again on 14 October, a day after the postponed attack was to be launched. 963:

or wagons could be carried. A last-minute squabble over seniority and precedence led to the command of the first landing party being split. Colonel Van Rensselaer led the militia contingent and Lieutenant Colonel

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before campaigning ended with the onset of winter. The decisive battle was the culmination of a poorly-managed American offensive and may be most historically significant for the loss of the British commander.

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At Albany, the defeat of Van Rensselaer only increased Henry Dearborn's reluctance to act. With two armies already defeated, Dearborn was not keen on leading the third. He led a half-hearted advance as far as

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and laid the blame squarely on Lieutenant Colonel Chrystie (who had died of natural causes in July 1813), who he accused of cowardice and said "to his failure may mainly be attributed all our disasters."

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by eyewitness James B. Dennis, depicts the American landing on 13 October 1812. The village of Queenston is in the right foreground, with Queenston Heights behind. Lewiston is in the left foreground

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Brock was aware of the failed attempt to cross the river on 11 October but was not certain this was not a mere demonstration to distract him from a major attack elsewhere. On 12 October, Major

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had put Van Rensselaer's name forward to command the army on the Niagara, and he officially took command on 13 July. Van Rensselaer secured the appointment of his second cousin, Colonel

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was instructed to take command of the American forces that captured Queenston Heights earlier in the day. Scott was later captured at the end of the battle.

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The Battle of Queenston Heights: An abridgement, by permission of the publishers, the Lundy's Lane Historical Society, of the monograph by E. A. Cruikshank

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Despite their numerical advantage and the wide dispersal of British forces defending against their invasion attempt, the Americans, who were stationed in

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Rensselaer, an amiable politician in a hurry to launch his attack, chose to proceed with the attack from Lewiston only, rather than bring Smyth before a

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Van Rensselaer planned for the main force to cross the Niagara from Lewiston and take the heights near Queenston, while Smyth crossed the river near

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was attempting to retake. Van Rensselaer decided to launch an attack at 3 a.m. on 11 October, even though Colonel Van Rensselaer was ill.

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took Evans aside and after a meeting was convinced of the possibility. That evening he dispatched several orders for the militia to assemble.

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However, the four attacks on Upper Canada failed or were not even launched. Hull was besieged in Detroit and, fearing a massacre by Britain's

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on lead vocals. Credited to "Mike Darow and the CHUMS", the number became a regional hit in its own right, reaching #17 on CHUM's own chart.

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Brock had hastened back from Detroit, intending to cross the Niagara, defeat Van Rensselaer before he could be reinforced and occupy upper

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Once the surrender was made, Scott was shocked to see 500 militiamen, who had been hiding around the heights, emerging to surrender also.

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the heel, thighs and calf, and though he survived, he spent most of the battle out of action, weak from loss of blood. Captain

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Nursey, "The Story of Isaac Brock (General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B.): Hero, Defender and Saviour of Upper Canada 1812", p. 177

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of the U.S. Engineers traced out the position of the proposed fortifications. Van Rensselaer appointed Lieutenant Colonel

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that night, it was mistakenly reported to Van Rensselaer that Brock had left in haste for Detroit, which Major General

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Multiple streets, avenues, roads, and a university in Ontario are named after Major General Brock, as is the city of

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Queenston village. Dennis' troops were driven back into the village but kept firing from the shelter of the houses.

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Smyth received word the attack had been postponed at 10 a.m. on 11 October. He then turned back to his camp at

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The United States invasion across the Niagara River was originally intended to be part of a four-pronged attack on

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Hitsman, p. 95. Cruikshank states Dennis had ordered the light company down by bugle call, before Brock's arrival

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nearby with the main British force. There were other British detachments at Queenston, Chippawa, and Fort Erie.

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The battle was fought as the result of an American attempt to establish a foothold on the Canadian side of the

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The Story of Isaac Brock (General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B.): Hero, Defender and Saviour of Upper Canada 1812

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On 9 October, American sailors, artillerymen, and volunteers from the militia, commanded by Lieutenant

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The Battle Honour "Queenstown" was awarded to two British regiments in the aftermath of the war: the

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Van Rensselaer's explanation to Gen. Dearborn as to why the Americans lost the Battle of Queenston

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of the 2nd U.S. Artillery to take command of the regulars on Queenston Heights. Brigadier General

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nearby house at the corner of Queenston Street and Partition Street, diagonally opposite that of

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A 56-metre (185 ft) column atop Queenston Heights in Queenston, Ontario, Canada, known as

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of the 13th U.S. Infantry took over and fought to retain the American foothold in Queenston.

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Meanwhile, British reinforcements had begun to arrive from Fort George. A detachment of the

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Cruikshank, Ernest A. (1964). "The Battle of Queenston Heights". In Zaslow, Morris (ed.).

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was constructed atop Queenston Heights to commemorate the battle as well as Major General

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halfway up the Heights, and a 24-pounder gun and a carronade were sited in a barbette at

795: 654: 596:. These attacks were expected to bring the colony to its knees and ensure a quick peace. 3596: 1176:

took charge of the remaining British regulars, Canadian militiamen, and Mohawk warriors.

906:(which Brock had formerly commanded) under Captain James Dennis, a flank company of the 40: 3537: 3231: 3221: 3151: 3067: 3052: 3002: 2946: 2761: 2339: 2166: 2161: 1317:, commemorates the battle as well as the memory of the British General who died there. 1173: 923: 915: 879: 875: 786: 781: 738: 573: 526: 455: 440: 430: 408: 393: 207: 3640: 2451:

Brock's Monument – Summary of the battle, information about the battlefield and tours.

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On 13 October, Brock was at his headquarters in Niagara. Major General Sheaffe was at

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Arriving at Queenston at 2 p.m., shortly after Brock's death, Major General

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cheered by the men of the 49th, many of whom knew him well, and moved up to the

635:. Solomon van Rensselaer was an experienced soldier who had been wounded at the 3290: 3250: 3206: 3101: 2997: 2807: 2521: 2503: 1286: 1133: 1118: 1105: 1056: 910:(the "York Volunteers") under Captain George Chisholm, and a detachment of the 760: 685: 658: 585: 581: 252: 219: 2471:

Poems of the Battle of Queenston Heights from the Niagara Falls Poetry Project

2109: 3660: 3519: 3445: 3075: 2866: 2784: 2581: 2576: 2515: 2139: 1401: 1347: 1140: 965: 887: 842: 755: 730: 677: 569: 533: 518: 502: 168: 99: 86: 2121: 3281: 3138: 3110: 1207: 1069: 1052: 1005: 993: 926:, a mile north of the village, guarded by a company of the 5th Regiment of 767: 746: 632: 593: 557: 553: 510: 491: 155: 73: 2190:

The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier. Part IV

1751:"Life of Sir John Beverley Robinson, Bart., Chief-Justice of Upper Canada" 623:. Possibly hoping to get Van Rensselaer out of the way, New York Governor 3463: 3047: 2553: 2294: 1396:

Many songs have been written about the battle. In 1959, as an answer to "

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for much of the war, pinned the blame on General Van Rensselaer in his

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piece used to harass American troops attempting to embark across the

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at the head of the Niagara River. Both brigs were captured, although

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units that took part in the battle. These regiments also carry the

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The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study

1235: 661:, was of a more cautious bent, and the two clashed over strategy. 653:

only reach Upper Canada after his death. However, his superior at

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fire several times silenced the American batteries in Lewiston.

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Art works in the collection of the Niagara Falls Public Library

603:

allies, surrendered the town and his entire army following the

2319:

A Very Brilliant Affair: The Battle of Queenston Heights, 1812

1909:"Battle re-enactment, Brock funeral parade weekend highlights" 1041:, leading the right flank towards the top of Queenston Heights 870: 2710: 1023: 919: 556:'s border strongpoints. From west to east, Brigadier General 1033: 763:, and had gained a fairly good idea of the lay of the land. 2794: 1335:, whose successor units in the modern British Army are the 771: 2393:

A Narrative of the Affair of Queenstown in the War of 1812

2461:

Downloadable summary of Battle from Historic Lewiston, NY

2341:

Lords of the Lake: The Naval War of Lake Ontario, 1812–14

1324:, commemorates the role of John MacDonell in the battle. 639:

in 1794, and a valuable source of advice to the General.

46:

Death of General Brock at the Battle of Queenston Heights

1037:

Major General Brock leading the charge. Brock was later

607:. Dearborn and his army remained relatively inactive at 505:

regulars with New York militiamen, led by Major General

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Amateurs to Arms: A Military History of the War of 1812

568:, Major General Van Rensselaer would attack across the 2446:

An Historic Account of the Battle of Queenston Heights

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The Defended Border: Upper Canada and the War of 1812

2364:. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. 2100:

Cruikshank, in Lundy's Lane Historical Society, p. 13

1959:

Cruikshank, in Lundy's Lane Historical Society, p. 10

898:

The British detachment at Queenston consisted of the

611:

and seemed to be in no hurry to attempt an invasion.

2418:. Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited. 1877:

Cruikshank, in Lundy's Lane Historical Society, p. 9

1711:

Cruikshank, in Lundy's Lane Historical Society, p. 8

1408:

recorded "The Battle of Queenston Heights", with DJ

1911:. niagaraadvance.ca. 3 October 2012. Archived from 2476:PBS Documentary includes a chapter on this battle. 2411: 2338: 2253: 2221: 2165: 1782: 1780: 729:planned for the main American force to cross the 3658: 2551: 1438:Henry Goulburn, 1784–1856: A Political Biography 680:warriors during the Battle of Queenston Heights. 133: 3692:History of the Regional Municipality of Niagara 1777: 1694: 1692: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1091: 882:, the British positioned a twenty-four-pounder 770:, launched a successful boarding attack on the 486:victory, it took place on 13 October 1812 near 2387: 1873: 1871: 1472: 1470: 572:, another diversionary attack would cross the 2537: 2275:Hitsman, J. Mackay; Donald E. Graves (1999). 1744: 1742: 1522: 1520: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1434: 704: 315: 2110:"The Battle of Queenston Heights" on YouTube 1988: 1986: 1940: 1927: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1770: 1768: 1689: 1618: 1606: 1550: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1506: 1504: 2047: 2045: 2043: 1976: 1974: 1868: 1803: 1801: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1441:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 76. 1301:A 56 metres (184 ft) column, known as 529:, who took command after Brock was killed. 2544: 2530: 2219: 2186: 1885: 1883: 1739: 1517: 1483: 1428: 322: 308: 2336: 2315: 1983: 1854: 1765: 1545: 1533: 1501: 1163:Captain Runchey's Company of Coloured Men 934: 672:led a force made up of British regulars, 2160: 2072: 2040: 2037:New York Herald, 4 Nov. 1812, front page 1971: 1962: 1798: 1748: 1714: 1455: 1320:The song "MacDonell on the Heights", by 1296: 1234: 1167: 1099: 1032: 974: 869: 820: 720: 663: 347:Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit 2293: 1880: 1370:perpetuate the history and heritage of 1016: 865: 816: 3659: 3607: 3258: 2409: 2378: 2359: 2251: 2242: 2138: 2069:Cruikshank, Documentary History, p. 73 1262:United States House of Representatives 2525: 2146:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. 303: 294:955 captured, of whom 90 were wounded 3629: 2395:. New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co. 1393:is named the General Brock Parkway. 718:, at the head of the Niagara River. 329: 2456:Battle summary, map, photos of area 1155: 521:warriors, led by Major General Sir 13: 2383:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. 2168:1812: The War That Forged a Nation 1356:56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA 1152:cross the river refused to do so. 478:was the first major battle in the 14: 3713: 2434: 2144:The Invasion of Canada, 1812–1813 2122:"CHUM Hit Parade - July 27, 1959" 829:were made on 12 October by Major 710:Rensselaer had Brigadier General 3639: 3628: 3617: 3606: 3595: 3584: 3245: 3095: 2865: 2575: 2509: 2497: 2228:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. 2001:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, pp. 39–40 1232:rather than remain at his post. 647: 256: 246: 234: 213: 201: 181: 161: 148: 135: 39: 3702:Battles on the Niagara Frontier 2345:. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. 2322:. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. 2279:. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. 2114: 2103: 2094: 2081: 2063: 2054: 2031: 2022: 2013: 2004: 1995: 1953: 1901: 1892: 1845: 1832: 1819: 1810: 1789: 1730: 1705: 1680: 1667: 1658: 1645: 1632: 1597: 1588: 1579: 1570: 1435:Brian Jenkins (14 March 1996). 980:The Battle of Queenston Heights 2187:Cruikshank, Ernest A. (1971). 2172:. New York: Harper Perennial. 1561: 501:The battle was fought between 1: 3043:Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek 2131: 1364:Royal Hamilton Light Infantry 1200: 547: 2301:. Harvard University Press. 2193:. New York: Arno Press Inc. 2162:Borneman, Walter R. Borneman 2060:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 43 2019:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 42 2010:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 40 1968:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 38 1898:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 36 1807:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 33 1736:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 27 1727:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 30 1629:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 28 1615:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 26 1576:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 24 1542:Cruikshank, in Zaslow, p. 44 1352:Lincoln and Welland Regiment 1217: 1092:Movements, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. 908:2nd Regiment of York Militia 7: 3682:Military history of Ontario 2567:Timeline of the War of 1812 2260:. New York: Da Capo Press. 1225:Battle of Frenchman's Creek 476:Battle of Queenston Heights 26:Battle of Queenston Heights 10: 3718: 3677:Battles of the War of 1812 3557: 2563:Battles of the War of 1812 2379:Nursey, Walter R. (1923). 2360:Quimby, Robert S. (1997). 2337:Malcomson, Robert (1998). 2316:Malcomson, Robert (2003). 2277:The Incredible War of 1812 1774:Berton (1980), pp. 233–234 1274:Notices of the War of 1812 737:and take the heights near 705:American internal quarrels 642: 3555: 3518: 3500: 3462: 3444: 3289: 3280: 3244: 3137: 3109: 3093: 3066: 2988: 2945: 2907: 2879: 2863: 2821: 2793: 2775: 2727: 2709: 2666: 2643: 2625: 2607: 2589: 2573: 2560: 1664:Van Rensselaer, pp. 21–22 1398:The Battle of New Orleans 1387:Lewiston–Queenston Bridge 1292: 1113:be fortified. Lieutenant 860: 657:, Lieutenant General Sir 337: 277: 264: 174: 127: 52: 38: 30: 25: 2252:Elting, John R. (1995). 1749:Robinson, C. W. (1904). 1422: 1404:, Toronto radio station 1400:", then a hit record by 1143:warriors under Captains 637:Battle of Fallen Timbers 621:governorship of New York 509:, and British regulars, 3371:Chesapeake Bay Flotilla 2410:Zaslow, Morris (1964). 2389:Van Rensselaer, Solomon 1948:A Very Brilliant Affair 1935:A Very Brilliant Affair 1840:A Very Brilliant Affair 1827:A Very Brilliant Affair 1700:A Very Brilliant Affair 1653:A Very Brilliant Affair 1640:A Very Brilliant Affair 1478:A Very Brilliant Affair 1026:to gain a better view. 525:and then Major General 2481:2 October 2011 at the 2299:1812: War with America 2243:Cruikshank, Ernest A. 1310: 1244: 1177: 1139:At the same time, 300 1109: 1042: 983: 948:John Beverley Robinson 943: 935:First American landing 891: 834: 825:Attempts to perform a 800:William Henry Harrison 742: 727:Stephen Van Rensselaer 681: 629:Solomon Van Rensselaer 507:Stephen Van Rensselaer 241:Stephen Van Rensselaer 175:Commanders and leaders 119:Anglo-Canadian victory 1795:Berton (1980), p. 235 1786:Van Rensselaer, p. 28 1333:49th Regiment of Foot 1329:41st Regiment of Foot 1300: 1238: 1171: 1115:Joseph Gilbert Totten 1103: 1055:, Lieutenant Colonel 1036: 978: 939: 912:41st Regiment of Foot 904:49th Regiment of Foot 873: 824: 724: 667: 278:Casualties and losses 100:43.16192°N 79.05049°W 3672:1812 in Upper Canada 3560:American Indian Wars 2609:District of Columbia 1360:Queen's York Rangers 1017:Death of Isaac Brock 866:British dispositions 817:Brock's preparations 811:Black Rock, New York 580:, and Major General 3697:October 1812 events 3687:Niagara-on-the-Lake 2224:The Defended Border 2089:Documentary History 1556:Documentary History 1528:Documentary History 1512:Documentary History 1496:Documentary History 1391:Queen Elizabeth Way 1383:Ontario Highway 405 1266:John Armstrong, Jr. 1104:Lieutenant Colonel 1086:Canadian War Museum 952:2nd York Volunteers 759:Lieutenant Colonel 674:Canadian militiamen 105:43.16192; -79.05049 96: / 2894:Rock Island Rapids 2841:Chesconessex Creek 1915:on 29 October 2013 1385:that connects the 1311: 1245: 1239:Brigadier General 1178: 1174:Roger Hale Sheaffe 1110: 1043: 984: 972:led the regulars. 970:13th U.S. Infantry 916:grasshopper cannon 892: 890:during the battle. 878:. A mile north of 835: 743: 739:Queenston, Ontario 735:Lewiston, New York 682: 619:candidate for the 574:St. Lawrence River 542:Lewiston, New York 527:Roger Hale Sheaffe 208:Roger Hale Sheaffe 48:, John David Kelly 16:War of 1812 battle 3667:Conflicts in 1812 3654: 3653: 3551: 3550: 3276: 3275: 3240: 3239: 3192:Queenston Heights 3172:Frenchman's Creek 3129:2nd Lacolle Mills 3124:1st Lacolle Mills 3089: 3088: 2859: 2858: 2552:Conflicts of the 2352:978-1-896941-08-0 2308:978-0-674-02584-4 2179:978-0-06-053112-6 1675:Lords of the Lake 1448:978-0-7735-1371-6 1419:in the province. 1123:William Wadsworth 914:with a 3-pounder 827:prisoner exchange 716:Buffalo, New York 690:Orders in Council 482:. 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2123: 2117: 2111: 2106: 2097: 2091:, pp. 76, 166 2090: 2084: 2078:Quimby, p. 73 2075: 2066: 2057: 2051:Elting, p. 48 2048: 2046: 2044: 2034: 2028:Elting, p. 47 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1980:Elting, p. 46 1977: 1975: 1965: 1956: 1949: 1943: 1936: 1930: 1914: 1910: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1848: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1822: 1816:Elting, p. 45 1813: 1804: 1802: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1752: 1745: 1743: 1733: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1686:Elting, p. 41 1683: 1676: 1670: 1661: 1654: 1648: 1641: 1635: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1600: 1591: 1582: 1573: 1567:Elting, p. 19 1564: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1539: 1537: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1431: 1427: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:Johnny Horton 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:Canadian Army 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 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Retrieved 2205:the original 2189: 2167: 2143: 2116: 2105: 2096: 2088: 2087:Cruikshank, 2083: 2074: 2065: 2056: 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1964: 1955: 1947: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1917:. Retrieved 1913:the original 1903: 1894: 1847: 1839: 1834: 1826: 1821: 1812: 1791: 1755:. Retrieved 1753:. p. 34 1732: 1707: 1699: 1682: 1674: 1669: 1660: 1652: 1647: 1639: 1634: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1555: 1554:Cruikshank, 1527: 1526:Cruikshank, 1511: 1510:Cruikshank, 1495: 1494:Cruikshank, 1477: 1437: 1430: 1414: 1395: 1380: 1375: 1345: 1326: 1319: 1312: 1283: 1273: 1258: 1246: 1221: 1212: 1208:Laura Secord 1204: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1159: 1138: 1127: 1111: 1095: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070:Laura Secord 1061: 1044: 1028: 1020: 1002: 998: 994:John E. Wool 985: 979: 957: 944: 940: 897: 893: 852: 848: 839:Thomas Evans 836: 831:Thomas Evans 808: 804: 790: 780: 774: 768:Jesse Elliot 765: 747:Fort Niagara 744: 708: 699: 683: 651: 633:aide-de-camp 613: 598: 594:Lower Canada 558:William Hull 554:Upper Canada 551: 539: 531: 500: 492:Upper Canada 475: 473: 461:Cook's Mills 446:Lundy's Lane 374:Stoney Creek 351: 225: 193: 156:Upper Canada 128:Belligerents 76:(modern-day 74:Upper Canada 45: 31:Part of the 18: 3510:Lake Borgne 3464:Great Lakes 3147:Beaver Dams 3119:Chateauguay 3058:Sinquefield 3048:Fort Bowyer 3023:Holy Ground 3018:Canoe Fight 2990:Mississippi 2752:Plattsburgh 2696:North Point 2686:Bladensburg 2653:New Orleans 2554:War of 1812 1946:Malcomson, 1933:Malcomson, 1838:Malcomson, 1698:Malcomson, 1673:Malcomson, 1651:Malcomson, 1638:Malcomson, 1476:Malcomson, 1368:Lorne Scots 1343:Regiments. 1337:Royal Welsh 1322:Stan Rogers 1307:Isaac Brock 1145:John Norton 946:Lieutenant 855:Fort George 751:Fort George 670:Isaac Brock 588:to capture 562:Amherstburg 523:Isaac Brock 480:War of 1812 389:Ball's Farm 379:Beaver Dams 369:Fort George 292:80 wounded 287:22 captured 285:85 wounded 188:Isaac Brock 103: / 33:War of 1812 3661:Categories 3591:definition 3558:See also: 3543:Valparaiso 3502:Gulf Coast 3482:Lake Huron 3435:Macedonian 3357:Chesapeake 3222:Port Dover 3008:Burnt Corn 2960:Frenchtown 2955:Brownstown 2922:Tippecanoe 2846:Alexandria 2803:Stephenson 2762:Black Rock 2747:Ogdensburg 2658:St. Philip 2617:Washington 2211:6 February 2132:References 1919:6 November 1825:Malcomson, 1417:Brockville 1410:Mike Darow 1366:, and the 1341:the Rifles 1264:. General 1201:Casualties 1149:John Brant 1046:heroes of 961:field guns 695:armistices 617:Federalist 548:Background 431:Port Dover 394:Black Rock 283:21 killed 91:79°03′02″W 88:43°09′43″N 3602:textbooks 3564:Creek War 3538:Nuku Hiva 3472:Lake Erie 3454:La Guaira 3423:Guerriere 3365:President 3268:Pensacola 3227:Gananoque 3177:Longwoods 3081:Sink Hole 3033:Talladega 2701:Baltimore 2645:Louisiana 1376:QUEENSTON 1250:Odelltown 1218:Aftermath 900:grenadier 884:artillery 880:Queenston 787:Fort Erie 776:Caledonia 631:, as his 488:Queenston 70:Queenston 3578:Category 3411:Reindeer 3341:Dominica 3317:Epervier 3232:2nd Erie 3212:1st Erie 3152:Chippawa 3068:Missouri 3003:Autossee 2980:Mackinac 2947:Michigan 2932:Harrison 2889:Dearborn 2881:Illinois 2823:Virginia 2785:Ocracoke 2729:New York 2668:Maryland 2591:Delaware 2479:Archived 2391:(1836). 2297:(2007). 2164:(2004). 2142:(1980). 1950:, p. 155 1937:, p. 154 1842:, p. 142 1829:, p. 141 1757:19 March 1702:, p. 136 1655:, p. 120 1642:, p. 118 1530:, p. 121 1498:, p. 143 1480:, p. 297 1230:Virginia 1191:en masse 1134:shrapnel 1065:Tecumseh 725:Maj Gen 590:Montreal 578:Kingston 576:to take 564:through 441:Chippawa 409:Lewiston 265:Strength 65:Location 3433:vs HMS 3421:vs HMS 3403:Peacock 3380:vs HMS 3333:Penguin 3260:Florida 2975:Detroit 2970:Maguaga 2909:Indiana 2757:Niagara 2742:Buffalo 2719:Hampden 2627:Georgia 2504:History 2490:Portals 1677:, p. 66 1558:, p. 74 1514:, p. 92 1389:to the 1346:In the 989:volleys 968:of the 950:of the 796:Niagara 791:Detroit 782:Detroit 643:Prelude 566:Detroit 515:Lincoln 496:Ontario 484:British 414:Buffalo 226:† 194:† 78:Ontario 3644: 3633: 3622: 3613:quotes 3611: 3600: 3589: 3570:, and 3477:Oswego 3325:Frolic 3202:Thames 3167:George 2516:Canada 2422: 2399: 2368: 2349: 2326: 2305: 2283: 2264: 2232: 2197: 2176: 2150: 1445: 1362:, the 1358:, the 1354:, the 1350:, the 1293:Legacy 1268:, the 1141:Mohawk 1048:Egmont 861:Battle 678:Mohawk 676:, and 655:Quebec 519:Mohawk 255: 222: 190: 166: 153: 140: 116:Result 3635:media 3396:Fayal 3349:Argus 3309:Cyane 3301:Boxer 2998:Bashi 2937:Wayne 2813:Meigs 2808:Copus 2711:Maine 2635:Peter 2599:Lewes 1423:Notes 1024:redan 920:redan 841:(the 772:brigs 733:from 494:(now 273:3,550 270:1,300 3429:USS 3417:USS 3409:HMS 3401:HMS 3390:Avon 3388:HMS 3382:Java 3376:USS 3363:USS 3355:USS 3347:USS 3339:HMS 3331:HMS 3323:HMS 3315:HMS 3307:HMS 3299:HMS 3207:York 3053:Mims 2795:Ohio 2420:ISBN 2397:ISBN 2366:ISBN 2347:ISBN 2324:ISBN 2303:ISBN 2281:ISBN 2262:ISBN 2230:ISBN 2213:2011 2195:ISBN 2174:ISBN 2148:ISBN 1921:2012 1759:2017 1443:ISBN 1406:CHUM 1381:The 1339:and 1331:and 1147:and 1008:and 1006:York 779:and 513:and 511:York 474:The 420:1814 363:1813 341:1812 57:Date 592:in 498:). 3663:: 3566:, 3562:, 2042:^ 1985:^ 1973:^ 1882:^ 1870:^ 1856:^ 1800:^ 1779:^ 1767:^ 1741:^ 1716:^ 1691:^ 1620:^ 1608:^ 1547:^ 1535:^ 1519:^ 1503:^ 1485:^ 1469:^ 1457:^ 1210:. 1072:. 490:, 72:, 2545:e 2538:t 2531:v 2492:: 2428:. 2405:. 2374:. 2355:. 2332:. 2311:. 2289:. 2270:. 2247:. 2238:. 2215:. 2182:. 2156:. 2124:. 1923:. 1761:. 1451:. 1309:. 741:. 323:e 316:t 309:v 80:)

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Knowledge

Battle of Queenston Heights

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