Battle of Radzymin (1920)

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other units, instead of fresh recruits, and were much superior in manpower to other Russian units on the Polish front. Later, in his monograph on the war, Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski remarked that the commanding officer of the 27th Rifle Division had achieved what was unheard of in the Polish Army despite numerous attempts: putting rear echelons and stragglers of his division into front-line service. This was indeed a problem for both armies, as the number of "bayonets and sabres", or soldiers fighting in the first line, was at all times smaller than the number of second echelon troops. On August 15 Polish intelligence reported the strength of the Russian forces as "three to four standard Russian divisions". Even post-war memoirs by General Żeligowski mention "hree Russian infantry divisions, that is 27 battalions, though admittedly understrength, against one of our own", though in fact the Russian forces only had two divisions.

1327:, breaking through the second line of defences, which were the last before the city limits. The Polish headquarters at Warsaw was "petrified to hear of the complete destruction of the 19th Division", a report that fortunately for the Poles proved to be false. The threat to the northern flank was halted, with heavy casualties on both sides, thanks to the intervention of the division's commanding officer Jan Rządkowski, as well as Front commanding officer Józef Haller, who arrived on the battlefield to personally organise an ad hoc line of defence west of Wólka Radzymińska, with Polish artillery units shelling the advancing Russians with direct fire. The Soviet advance was halted, and this time chaos in the Polish ranks was avoided, but again lack of reinforcements behind the main line of defences proved a serious problem. 1170: 1311:. The 21st Division achieved some early successes when its 5th and 6th Rifle Brigades pushed the Poles back from the Czarna River some 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west. However, at the same time it was advancing right in front of Polish forces which were preparing to assault Radzymin. At 10:15 hours the Polish 81st and 85th Infantry Regiments from the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division assaulted the left flank of the unsuspecting Russians, continued along the Warsaw–Białystok road, and broke through to the town. The attack was led by Lieutenant Colonel Kazimierz Rybicki, who had personally witnessed the defeat of the 46th Regiment the previous day, on his day off. This time spirits were high and the Polish infantry advanced in order, with officers in the first line and the soldiers singing 1027: 1427: 844: 1291: 1485:

prior to the battle and that the untested and relatively weak 10th Division was chosen for the task of defending Radzymin "out of sheer incompetence". In his memoirs he also heavily criticized the commanding officers of the division, whose "military prowess and punctuality in carrying out orders was little more than irony". Other post-war authors argued that on August 13, when the first Russian forces appeared in front of Radzymin, the 1st Army had more than enough time to reinforce the weak Polish forces there. Instead, it took several days to recapture what could have been held from the start.

161: 45: 1127: 272: 146: 1105:. The 11th Infantry Division, nominally 9000 men strong, in practice had only 1500 soldiers in first-line units. The situation for the Polish Army was so dire that some of the soldiers sent as reinforcements had reportedly "never seen a rifle in their lives". In addition, most units to make a stand at Radzymin were exhausted after surviving a 600-kilometre (370 mi) retreat from Belarus. However, the Polish side had superior intelligence and 1334:, Józef Haller, Jan Rządkowski and Franciszek Latinik met in Jabłonna and again in Struga to prepare a plan for retaking Radzymin once again. It was decided that, since the Soviet 27th Division was bogged down around Radzymin and had not resumed its march towards Jabłonna, the Polish 10th Infantry Division was no longer needed in that sector, and instead could be used to achieve a breakthrough at Radzymin. The division was relocated to 1228: 279: 1158:

post and to move the batteries forward, closer to the front line. However, before the relocation of the artillery was complete, a new Soviet attack began at around 17:00, this time carried out by four brigades of the 21st and 27th Rifle Divisions, reinforced with 59 artillery pieces. The Russians achieved a 3:1 superiority in firepower. Deprived of artillery support, the inexperienced and overstretched 1/

1349:, was ordered to entrench in a forest near Wólka Radzymińska and organise an ambush. The rest of the Polish forces were to start an all-out assault at 05:00 hours the following morning, with General Żeligowski in command over the ad hoc corps. The forces amassed for the assault had a nominal strength of 17,000 infantry, 109 artillery pieces, and 220 machine guns. 938:, it had been recently reinforced with fresh, but raw, recruits. The Poles set up defences in front of the town, utilising some earlier German and Russian First World War trenches and digging new positions. The Polish line ran some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in front of the town, from the unfinished 1909 Fort Beniaminów at the banks of the river Bugonarew through 1162:, defending the village of Kraszew, broke, and the Soviets gained entry to Radzymin. The Polish unit withdrew in panic, and soldiers left their arms and backpacks behind. One of the artillery officers noted that the Russians achieved complete tactical surprise: "I ordered my dinner prepared when my aide came shouting 'Lieutenant Sir, the Reds are in the city 1439:

on the village. It was the greatest concentration of artillery fire in the war up to that point, and had a tremendous effect on the morale of the Russian defenders. After the barrage ended Lieutenant Colonel Wiktor Thommée personally led his forces in a bayonet charge; the regiment re-entered Mokre at noon and the Russians fled.

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again controlled the town. However, as soon as it was taken, General Żeligowski decided to reorganise his division and could not support the 85th Regiment with fresh forces. Yet another successful counterattack by the Russian 61st and 62nd Infantry Brigades forced the Polish 1st Division to retreat back to its initial positions.

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Battalion of the 28th Infantry Regiment, which had been concealed there earlier. Simultaneously, the remainder of the 28th Regiment began a badly coordinated and half-hearted attack from Nieporęt. Both Polish assaults were bloodily repelled, with the casualties including Lieutenant Pogonowski who was posthumously awarded the

750:, to start the 5th Army's counterattack earlier than planned. Radzymin was recaptured on August 15, and this victory proved to be one of the turning points of the battle of Warsaw. The strategic counteroffensive was successful, pushing Soviet forces away from Radzymin and Warsaw and eventually crippling four Soviet armies. 1435:

Rifle Division, Vitovt Putna. However, by this time the morale of the 27th Division was already broken, and the assault was easily thwarted by the Polish infantry and the three remaining operational FT tanks. The armoured cars withdrew as soon as the Polish tanks opened fire, and the Russian infantry followed.

1387:. Soon the entire 10th Infantry Division started a push along the southern bank of the Bugonarew river in order to outflank the Russian forces from the north, while the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division pushed directly towards the town. Although the Russian side had superior artillery and brought several 1488:

Despite the lack of strategic flair in the Polish defence of Radzymin, it was one of the cornerstones of the overall success in the Battle of Warsaw. Although it was Piłsudski's Assault Group that defeated the Russians, the forces at Radzymin and Sikorski's 5th Army were responsible for stopping them

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However, the conduct of the Polish forces and their commanders at Radzymin in the early part of the battle has been criticized by historians since the 1920s. It was noted by General Lucjan Żeligowski that the importance of the northern approach to Warsaw was poorly understood by the Polish commanders

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The battle was a success for the Poles at both the tactical level (the battle of Radzymin itself) and the strategic level (its role in the battle of Warsaw). After several days of constant fighting for the town of Radzymin and its immediate vicinity, the Russian attack was repelled and the Poles were

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Other Russian forces were more successful to the north of the town, where they managed to capture the village of Mokre from the 28th Regiment. The regiment counter-charged the village, but was initially driven off. However, approximately 80 pieces of emplaced Polish artillery laid a 30-minute barrage

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that he reinforce the Radzymin area with any forces available, including an "en masse tank attack". Despite this suggestion, out of 49 tanks of the 1st Tank Regiment available in Warsaw at that time, only about six took part in the battle. The loss of Radzymin also forced General Władysław Sikorski's

1185:, was forced to order the retreat of the remainder of his forces south-west from the town. The rest of the division had no option but to fall back to the line of First World War trenches. During the chaotic withdrawal all the artillery sub-units got lost. By 19:00 hours the town was in Russian hands. 1157:

The Soviet probing attack began at 07:00 hours, but the 21st Rifle Division achieved no breakthrough. After the Soviets had been repelled, the defending 11th Infantry Division received some artillery reinforcements. The artillery commanders wanted to use the church tower of Radzymin as an observation

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Although the battle was over and Radzymin was secure, the Soviet forces continued to threaten the Polish northern flank. In the early hours of August 16, the Russians mounted yet another assault on Radzymin, reinforced by several armoured cars and led personally by the commanding officer of the 27th

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Infantry Regiments managed to reach the village of Mokre, on a small hill overlooking Radzymin and the Białystok-Warsaw road, directly behind the Russian lines. The Russians tried to push the Poles back from that position, but ultimately failed. Their assault on the village of Wiktorów also ended in

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tanks and numerous aircraft. Despite suffering from mechanical failures, the tanks successfully broke through the Russian lines, and the infantry of the 85th "Wilno Rifles" Regiment from the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division followed them into the town. After a short struggle the Polish forces once

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The success did not last long, as the Russian 27th Rifle Division turned around and arrived at Radzymin just in time for its 81st Brigade to push the exhausted Polish forces back towards the village of Słupno. Threatened by further attacks from Słupno and Wieliszew, the 85th Regiment retreated after

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The two Russian divisions assaulting Radzymin were battle-hardened Siberian divisions led by experienced front-line commanders. Both divisions were as exhausted as their opponents, whom they had chased all the way from Belarus. However, prior to the battle both divisions received reinforcements from

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In the early hours of August 15 the Russian forces resumed their attacks on the Polish lines, intending to break through the second line of defences to the area of Nieporęt and Jabłonna. However, as they bypassed a small forest outside Wólka Radzymińska, they were assaulted from the rear by the 1st

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The Russians considered the capture of Radzymin a crucial accomplishment. The Polish intelligence intercepted and decrypted a euphoric, but a completely false, report by the Revolutionary Military Committee of the 3rd Army dispatched to Moscow, informing the Russian government that "the brave units

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The entire 13th Red Army stalled because of its defeat at Radzymin. After that success the Poles slowly but steadily pushed the Soviets back beyond the first line of defences that had been overrun several days before. By the end of 16 August, the 28th and 30th Infantry Regiments manned most of the

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to assault the town the following day with all available forces. To strengthen the assault, the 11th Infantry Division (under Colonel Bolesław Jaźwiński) was drawn from the reserves and dispatched to join the assault which was scheduled for 05:00 hours the following morning. However, the Polish

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In the evening the 5th Army, operating north of the Bug and Narew rivers with its base of operations in the Modlin Fortress, started a limited counteroffensive with the aim of lessening the pressure on the Polish forces at Radzymin. Grossly outnumbered, the 5th Army could not break through the

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The combat value of Polish units is difficult to assess as they included fresh recruits of the so-called Volunteer Army, veterans of First World War, battle-hardened soldiers who fought in earlier stages of the Polish-Bolshevik War, and civilians with virtually no combat training. Prior to the

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With the northern flank safely in Polish hands, General Lucjan Żeligowski ordered his Lithuanian-Belarusian Division to complete the encirclement of Radzymin. The division reached a position a few hundred metres from Radzymin by way of the village of Ciemne to the south of the town. Fearing

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and General Józef Haller, the commanding officer of the Northern Front. General Haller's dispatch of 01:00 hours the same night called the Polish defeat at Radzymin "ignominious", and ordered the commanding officers of the 46th Infantry Regiment and divisional artillery to be immediately

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battalion attacked a position behind Radzymin. While ultimately unsuccessful, the battalion forced the Russian troops to remain stationary overnight, giving the Poles badly needed time to regroup and receive reinforcements, which came in the form of a single regiment from the 1st

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river. However, although initially unsuccessful, the Polish attack prevented the Soviet 5th, 15th and 16th Armies from reinforcing the two divisions already committed to Radzymin. Only the 4th Red Army, the furthest from the battlefield, operating in the north along the

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from Praga. (...) The workers of Warsaw can already sense that their liberation is near. The revolution in Warsaw is ripe. Workers demand that the city be handed over to the Red Army without a fight, threatening to prevent armed soldiers from leaving the city . The

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line. To the south of the 11th Division were positions around Wołomin manned by the 8th Infantry Division, consisting of the 36th, 21st and 33rd Infantry Regiments, as well as the 13th Infantry Regiment held in reserve, which later took part in the Battle of Ossów.

2395: 1543:, in line with other Polish units of the time. Soon after the battle, General Piłsudski reversed his decision and the division was renamed to its former name. Soon afterwards it was split into two divisions, the 1st and 2nd Lithuanian-Belarusian Divisions. 1302:

The plans for the Polish assault had to be changed due to unexpected Russian actions. The Polish forces expected heavy opposition from at least two Russian divisions. However, in the morning the Russian 21st Division resumed its advance along the

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directly to the east. Meanwhile, the only permanent defences in the area of Radzymin were the incomplete Fort Beniaminów and a line of First World War trenches west of Radzymin, neglected since their construction by Russians and Germans in 1915.

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was dispatched to Radzymin on August 8 in order to prepare the city's defences for the expected arrival of Bolshevik forces. While the unit's core was formed around veterans of the 2nd Polish Rifle Division of the French-equipped and trained

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The plan for the battle was straightforward for both sides. The Russians wanted to break through the Polish defences to Warsaw, while the Polish aim was to defend the area long enough for a two-pronged counteroffensive from the south, led by

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The gravity of the situation was well understood by the Polish Commander-in-Chief Józef Piłsudski, who remarked that all the battle plans for his counteroffensive were based on the assumption that Warsaw would hold, and suggested to General

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suffering heavy casualties, including the commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Captain Ryszard Downar-Zapolski. This time the Soviet 81st Rifle Brigade (27th Rifle Division) pursued the Poles and managed to pierce Polish defences near

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poster in Moscow proclaiming: "Warsaw has fallen. With it the Poland of yesterday became history. It is nothing but a legend now while the truth of today is the red reality. Long live the Soviets! Long live the invincible Red Army!"

1559:. Even the number of the original regiment was considered disgraced, and thus the post-war Polish Army had 85 infantry regiments numbered from 1 to 86, with the exception of 46th. As described in Odziemkowski (2000), p. 22. 1134:

Both Polish and Russian planners expected an attack on Warsaw—and Radzymin in particular—from the east. Yet the first fights started to the north-east of the Polish capital. Warsaw was to be assaulted from the east by the

1463:'s 16th Red Army, which at that time was constantly pressured from the front by the 10th and 15th divisions. This made existing Russian plans obsolete, and Polish forces started a pursuit that ended with the victorious 1147:. It was then to cross the lower Vistula and assault Warsaw from the north-west. However, its 21st Rifle Division remained on the south side of the Bug River and headed for Warsaw directly, under orders from Russia's 1382:

When the front-line stabilised, the Polish headquarters threw all its reserves into a counterattack. Beniaminów was reinforced with the 29th Infantry Regiment. The Polish attack began around 05:30, after a 20-minute

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In their drive for Warsaw, Bolshevik forces did briefly reach Włocławek and Płock, and some cavalry patrols crossed the Vistula near Bobrowniki, but not in sufficient time or numbers to affect the outcome of the

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The defeat of the 46th Regiment was considered so great that the entire unit was disgraced. After the battle, it was struck from the registers of the Polish Army, and its remnants were incorporated into the

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Regiment entered Radzymin unopposed. The town was completely empty; both the civilians and the Russian soldiers had fled, and one officer remarked that "not a stray dog was left behind in the ruined city".

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line. The two most prominent pivots of this line were the towns of Radzymin and Wołomin. The third line of defence ran in the immediate vicinity of the right-bank borough of Praga, while the Vistula River

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At the same time, on the northern flank, the 10th Division was much more successful. Instead of waiting for orders from General Żeligowski, the commanding officer of the 10th Division, Lieutenant Colonel

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News of the defeat at Radzymin reached Warsaw the same day, causing panic among both the government and ordinary people. The following day the battlefield was visited by, among others, Prime Minister

990:, where their forces could cross the Vistula and strike Warsaw from the west and north-west over permanent bridges there. While a ring of 19th- and early 20th-century Russian-built forts, part of the 776:, most Polish units were in dire need of fresh reinforcements. The Polish command hoped to halt the advancing Russian forces in front of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. At the same time General (later 1619:

Piłsudski claimed in his post-war memoirs that he had hastened his counteroffensive by one day, but then postponed it back to August 16, the day the attack eventually started. Piłsudski, pp. 125–126.

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trench line along the Rządza River, near the village of Dybów. Although initially, the Russian command wanted to use the outskirts of Radzymin as a pivot for a tactical withdrawal to the Radzymin–

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border and moving towards Toruń, kept advancing almost unopposed. This, however, did not pose an immediate threat to the defenders of Warsaw, as its advance was finally halted at the outskirts of

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rivers. The Red Army's lack of modern engineering equipment for the river crossings inhibited a flanking attack of Warsaw from the west, which had been Russia's historical path of attack, towards

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abandoned the first line of defence and withdrew through Radzymin towards Warsaw. Radzymin now found itself at the front line; by nightfall, the first Russian forces appeared in front of

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had managed to break Russian codes and cyphers by 1919. In the crucial months of 1920, it was able to decode most if not all Russian radio messages easily. Discussed in Nowik, pp. 25–26.

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As one of the crucial battles of the war of 1920, the battle for Radzymin has been featured in novels, memoirs and historical monographs. It was also portrayed in the 2011 film

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and a variety of volunteer units of low combat value. Out of those units, initially, only the 11th Division under Colonel Bolesław Jaźwiński took part in the fight. Its 48th

322: 2367: 1181:, tasked with stabilising the front and catching deserters, also fled in panic. The town itself was badly damaged, and the commanding officer of the 46th Regiment, Colonel 1048:), the 8th (Leśniakowizna to Okuniew) and the 15th (Okuniew to the Vistula River). The 1st Army also held the newly arrived 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division in reserve ( 3293:(2011-08-14). "Żywa lekcja historii – inscenizacja Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. w Ossowie" [Lesson of live history – reenactment of the Battle of Warsaw in Ossów]. 1036:

in the summer of 1920, there were barely any weapons for the regular Polish Army units. Thus many regular regiments received reinforcements armed with nothing more than

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The most expedient approach for a large-scale assault on Warsaw was from the east. The terrain was mostly flat; numerous roads converged radially along an arc from the

3427: 1338:, where General Rządkowski discovered the artillery units that were believed to have been destroyed by the Russians the previous day. A single battalion from the 28th 1154:. Aided by the Russian 27th Rifle Division, it came into contact with the Polish forces at Radzymin on August 12, and prepared for an assault the following morning. 994:, ran mostly along the western side of the Vistula, these fortifications lay in ruins; Russian forces began demolition in 1909 and had destroyed most by the time of 1245:

5th Army, fighting north of the Bug River and along the Vistula, to start a counteroffensive from the Modlin Fortress earlier than planned. Rozwadowski and General

1056:), while the Northern Front's headquarters reserves consisted of the 10th Infantry Division and some smaller units. The third line was manned by units of mobilised 3418: 1193:

Lithuanian-Belarusian Division. Instead of retreating to the third line of defences, the Poles remained outside the town, hoping to retake it the following day.

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forces were far from sufficient for the task. Rządkowski argued that he had been promised substantial reinforcements which did not arrive. The battle-hardened

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The first and second lines of Polish defences were manned by regular forces. These included three Polish infantry divisions: the 11th (from the Bug River to

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at the gates of Warsaw. Żeligowski noted in his memoirs that "Warsaw was saved thanks to Polish successes at Mokra, Wólka Radzymińska and Radzymin".

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The city was to be surrounded by four lines of defence. The outermost ran some 24 kilometres (15 mi) to the east of Warsaw: to the east of

1253:, even suggested that Piłsudski also hasten his preparations for a counteroffensive, but he refused and decided to follow the original plans. 1188:

Although the Polish division was defeated, the Russian forces did not pursue. This allowed the Poles to mount a night counterattack. A single

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The defence of Warsaw was organized by the 1st Polish Army under General Franciszek Latinik and by a part of the Northern Front under General

3467: 436: 308: 151: 3462: 2620:. Instytut Historyczny (1996). "Bój o Radzymin" [Battle for Radzymin]. In Józef Ryszard Szaflik; Arkadiusz Kołodziejczyk (eds.). 2574: 1409:

failure. Soon the Polish positions in Mokre were secured, and further reinforced with the remainder of the 1st Battalion, 28th Regiment.

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of the 3rd Army have captured the town of Radzymin on August 13th, at 23:00 hours. In pursuit of the enemy, they are not further than 15

2900:]. Pisma zbiorowe. Vol. VII. Józef Moszczeński (preface) (reprint ed.). Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. p. 217. 2807: 1282:

was at that time tied down in the Modlin Fortress, although the promised cavalry units did arrive—but without their ammunition trains.

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able to mount a successful counteroffensive, forcing the Russian armies out of Poland and in the end destroying them completely.

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The use of Polish tanks in the war of 1920 is further discussed in Michał Piwoszczuk's 1935 monograph on the 1st Tank Regiment.

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of the battle has been held annually on August 15 in Ossów and Radzymin, organized by various re-enactment groups and a local

271: 3246: 3216: 3104: 3012: 2649: 2592: 2563: 2540: 2514: 1556: 2615: 457: 3415: 962:, two villages manned by the Polish 48th Infantry Regiment, and Russian artillery shelled Radzymin for the first time. 825: 212: 208: 2936: 2889: 2873: 3457: 3272: 3193: 3170: 3147: 3078: 2969: 2905: 2797: 2753: 2726: 2699: 2672: 2490: 1250: 58: 3382: 462: 3123: 2718: 2691: 1540: 1379:

medal for his bravery leading the charge, but they did force the Russians to retreat to their initial positions.

1159: 930: 829: 821: 817: 221: 217: 3295: 3096: 813: 1459:. Meanwhile, Piłsudski's 4th Army outflanked the surprised Russians and went as far north as the left-wing of 552: 537: 508: 443: 287: 1308: 809: 3401: 3368: 747: 700:, which was defending Warsaw from the east. Radzymin changed hands several times in heavy combat. Foreign 3452: 1279: 1182: 943: 939: 1442: 1426: 3472: 1464: 1298:, some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Warsaw, but this was the closest that Russian forces would come 1295: 1077: 627: 3477: 788:

and head north-east, to cut off the Russian forces heading westwards, to the north of the bend of the

617: 2524: 494: 2884:]. Pisma zbiorowe (in Polish). Vol. VII. Warsaw: Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego. p. 217. 1312: 1220:. The commanding officer of the 46th Regiment was immediately relieved of command and replaced with 959: 2790:

Before Enigma Was Broken: Polish Radio Intelligence during the War with Bolshevik Russia, 1918–1920

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Church of the Transfiguration in Radzymin was used by both sides as an artillery observation post

1032: 995: 848: 759: 724: 678: 587: 562: 346: 332: 32: 2860:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Mazowiecki Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im Stanisława Herbsta. p. 56. 1504: 955: 3238: 2779:] (in Polish). Vol. 4. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 525. PB 3944/66. 1508: 1320: 1270:

that "Poland is now on fire. Only one more push is needed and the Polish fracas will be over".

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line, the following day the Soviet commander ordered a full retreat towards Wyszków and later

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envelopment, the Soviets abandoned the town and withdrew east. A single company from the 30th

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bridgehead. The Russian forces captured Radzymin on August 14 and breached the lines of the

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On August 14 the Red Army broke through Polish lines and reached the villages of Ossów and

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From the north, Warsaw, which spans the Vistula, was effectively shielded by the Vistula,

612: 8: 3340:(1998-08-13). "Inscenizacja Bitwy Warszawskiej" [Battle of Warsaw Re-enactment]. 3337: 3290: 2504: 1388: 1266:

is dying". The commanding officer of the Russian 3rd Army, Vladimir Lazarevich, informed

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and Ukraine. Although the Bolshevik forces failed to surround or destroy the bulk of the

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Zanim złamano Enigmę...; polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewicką Rosją 1918–1920

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Russia's retreat from Poland, 1920: from permanent revolution to peaceful coexistence

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The second line ran a mile closer to Warsaw, along the lines of partially preserved

188: 3131: 3088: 2447: 1460: 1376: 894: 2398:[Fights for the Warsaw bridgehead and the Wieprz River offensive of 1920] 1582: 1081: 1045: 875: 843: 800:. However, for this plan to succeed, it was vital that Polish forces hold Warsaw. 3422: 3386: 3342: 3040: 1532: 1273:

To counter the threat of a Russian breakthrough, General Latinik ordered General

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Polish infantry in a trench outside Radzymin. The soldier in the centre wears an

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Regiment (Colonel Krzywobłocki) manned the Mokre-Czarna perimeter, and the 47th

743: 192: 3316:[Battle of Warsaw 1920 – fights for Radzymin in Piotrków Trybunalski]. 1363: 1263: 1246: 1232: 1197: 983: 837: 705: 688:

The first phase of the battle began on August 13 with a frontal assault by the

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Janusz Odziemkowski (2000). Janusz Kuligowski; Krzysztof Szczypiorski (eds.).

1604:, while Russian regiments were, at least nominally, similar in size to Polish 863: 3441: 3351: 3304: 3226: 2825: 2500: 2419: 1404:, started a push along the southern bank of the Bugonarew. The 28th and 29th 1217: 1204: 1106: 108: 95: 50: 3044: 2928: 1324: 681:. It also proved to be one of the bloodiest and most intense battles of the 2833: 1359: 1235:

in Radzymin, commemorating his stay among Polish soldiers during the battle

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some 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the north-east. On August 12 the Polish

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at Radzymin and Ossów. The struggle for control of Radzymin forced General

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AW & PAP, ¶ "Organizatorami rekonstrukcji było Starostwo Powiatowe..."

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Najczuk, ¶ "Ogólnie należy stwierdzić, że głównym zadaniem przedmościa..."

1304: 1290: 910: 3379: 3314:"Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku – walki o Radzymin w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim" 2375: 1452: 1189: 893:-era trenches built by German and Russian armies in 1915, separated by a 773: 183: 3007:] (in Polish). Vol. 2. Warsaw: Volumen. pp. 185–192, 215. 1335: 883: 780:) Józef Piłsudski was to lead a flanking manoeuvre from the area of the 2991: 2988:

By the Vistula and Wkra Rivers; study on the Polish-Russian war of 1920

1531:

The division was originally called the Lithuanian-Belarusian Division (

1392: 1037: 923: 833: 677:

area, this engagement was a key part of what later became known as the

1064:

Regiment (Colonel Łukowski) manned the Bugonarew-Mokre line, the 46th

1053: 947: 871: 717: 1605: 1343: 1148: 1010: 971: 797: 793: 3060:] (in Polish). Przemyśl: Dowództwo Okręgu Korpusu X. p. 49. 2396:"Walki na przedmościu warszawskim i ofensywa znad Wieprza 1920 roku" 1430:

Cemetery Chapel – monument commemorating the battle of Radzymin 1920

859: 784:

River, while General Władysław Sikorski's 5th Army was to leave the

388: 2951: 2812: 2682:

Tadeusz Kowalski; Janusz Szczepański (1996). Adam Dobroński (ed.).

1601: 1446:

A monument to the fallen at Radzymin was erected soon after the war

1090: 918: 906: 812:. The army consisted of four understrength infantry divisions: the 709: 701: 689: 662: 300: 82: 3320:(in Polish). Warsaw: Fundacja Wojskowości Polskiej. Archived from 2681: 2445:[Controversies surrounding the Battle of Warsaw in 1920]. 1144: 1026: 987: 979: 2762: 2711:

Bitwa warszawska 1920 roku; działania wojenne, zachowane pamiątki

1738:

Najczuk, ¶ "Ciągły odwrót wojsk polskich spod Kijowa wymuszał..."

1597: 1467:

in September. On the day of Polish victory, the Soviets issued a

1227: 1057: 879: 867: 828:

in reserve. In addition, it had at its disposal the battle-weary

789: 86: 3026:(in Polish). Białystok: Muzeum Wojska w Białymstoku. p. 59. 2628:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Warsaw University Press. p. 104. 3071:

Battle of Warsaw of August 13–28th, 1920; operational documents

2632: 1512: 1456: 1353:

Russian lines, and got bogged down in intense fights along the

1201: 1143:) captured Wyszków and started a fast march westwards, towards 1102: 902: 781: 666: 3267:] (in Polish). Warsaw: De Facto. pp. 89–98, 142–143. 2964:] (in Polish). Warsaw: BGW. pp. 32–36, 157, 190–196. 1750:

Najczuk, ¶ "Pierwsze natarcie rosyjskie z rana 13 sierpnia..."

1503:, although the battle of Radzymin sequence was shot mostly in 1492: 1421: 1089:

battle, the 46th Regiment received 700 reinforcements: mostly

3095:. A History of East Central Europe. Vol. 7. Washington: 2984:

Nad Wisłą i Wkrą; studjum z polsko-rosyjskiej wojny 1920 roku

2923:] (in Polish) (2 ed.). London: Taurus. p. 135. 2509:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 672. 1657:

Najczuk, ¶ "W dniu 14 sierpnia w godzinach popołudniowych..."

1258: 1049: 975: 731: 693: 3039:] (in Polish). Pułtusk: Stacja Naukowa MOBN w Pułtusku. 2658: 1177:

The retreat was made even more serious by the fact that the

3073:] (in Polish). Vol. 2. Warsaw: Rytm. p. 935. 2947:] (in Polish). Vol. II. Gdańsk: Graf. p. 453. 2473: 1354: 866:

and south through Helenów, Nowa Czarna and the Białe Błota

3051: 2935: 1009:

to the north (where the Narew flows into the Vistula), to

3428:

Gallery of stills from the 2011 film featuring the battle

2914: 2479:

The Eighteenth Decisive Battle of the World: Warsaw, 1920

3058:

Radiotelegraphy as a Source of Intelligence on the Enemy

2888:

Józef Piłsudski (1990) . "VIII". In Julian Stachiewicz;

2715:

Battle of Warsaw of 1920; armed actions, surviving sites

1366:, and it was forced to start a hasty retreat eastwards. 738:

managed to repel a direct assault by six Red Army rifle

3054:

Radjotelegrafja jako źródło wiadomości o nieprzyjacielu

2529:

100 decisive battles: from ancient times to the present

2365: 2320:

Jaczyński, ¶ "W rolę Radzymina wcielił się Piotrków..."

1896:

Najczuk, ¶ "Atak na przedmoście warszawskie podjęło..."

3165:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. pp. 147–148. 3067:

Bitwa warszawska 13–28 VIII 1920; dokumenty operacyjne

2414:: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Mińska Mazowieckiego: 17–28. 2241:

Najczuk, ¶ "Dowództwo na całością sił wydzielonych..."

1697: 1695: 2690:] (in Polish). preface by Adam Koseski. Pułtusk: 2370:[Battle of Radzymin (13–15 of August 1920)]. 1391:, this time the Polish assault was supported by five 3433:

1915/1922 staff map of Radzymin and its surroundings

3211:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. pp. 17–22. 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2237: 2235: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 1997: 1130:

Polish infantry in defensive positions near Radzymin

2998: 2851: 2616:Marek Gieleciński; Jerzy Izdebski; Zofia Krasicka; 2393: 1957: 1955: 1692: 3400:(in Polish). Urząd Miasta Radzymin. Archived from 3311: 3113: 3030: 2978: 2573:Marek Gałęzowski (2011). Andrzej Dusiewicz (ed.). 2440: 2329:PAP, ¶ "Inscenizacją Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r..." 1746: 1744: 1539:). In the early summer of 1920 it was renamed the 1093:from various formations, a battalion of volunteer 897:. It ran from the banks of the river Bugonarew at 3366: 3255: 3188:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. p. 534. 2667:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Volumen. p. 107. 2549: 2443:"Kontrowersje Wokół Bitwy Warszanskiej 1920 Roku" 2269: 2232: 2186: 2058: 1931: 1913: 1811: 1809: 1781: 1779: 1767: 669:, between August 13 and 16, 1920. Along with the 278: 3439: 3391: 3202: 3179: 3156: 3130: 3087: 3065:Various authors (1996). Marek Tarczyński (ed.). 3021: 2921:Concise wartime history of the 1st Tank Regiment 2735: 2708: 2572: 2296: 2129: 2127: 2108: 2106: 1952: 1857: 1760: 1758: 1756: 665:, some 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of 661:(1919–21). The battle occurred near the town of 3064: 2887: 2864: 2792:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Rytm. p. 1054. 2638:Kalendarium życia Józefa Piłsudskiego 1867–1935 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1892: 1890: 1741: 1734: 1732: 1730: 142: 3233:Warsaw 1920: Lenin's failed conquest of Europe 3024:Generałowie wojny polsko-sowieckiej, 1919–1920 2805: 2783: 2644:] (in Polish). Vol. II. Warsaw: LTW. 2179: 2177: 2175: 1848: 1839: 1830: 1806: 1776: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1704: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 3225: 2626:The Village, The Popular Movements, the State 2523: 2499: 2260: 2223: 2124: 2115: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1922: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1880: 1878: 1823: 1821: 1788: 1753: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 836:in total), 293 pieces of artillery and three 768:, the Polish armies retreated westwards from 404: 316: 3416:Gallery of historical pictures of the battle 2083: 2006: 1887: 1727: 1139:. At the same time the 14th Red Army (under 2587:(in Polish). Warsaw: Nowa Era. p. 39. 2368:"Bitwa pod Radzyminem (13–15 VIII 1920 r.)" 2305: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2214: 2172: 2163: 2154: 2145: 1945: 1943: 1797: 1713: 1676: 1493:The battle in popular culture and the media 1422:Aftermath: August 16 and the following days 3093:The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795–1918 3022:Andrzej Suchcitz (1993). "Putna, Witold". 2642:Chronological biography of Józef Piłsudski 2341: 2136: 2051: 2049: 2028: 1973: 1899: 1875: 1818: 1660: 1651: 1642: 730:After three days of intense fighting, the 411: 397: 323: 309: 1964: 673:and the Polish counteroffensive from the 2244: 1940: 1866: 1475: 1441: 1425: 1342:Regiment from the 10th Division, led by 1289: 1226: 1168: 1125: 1025: 842: 157: 2917:Zarys historii wojennej 1 pułku czołgów 2659:Władysław Kolatorski; Jan Wnuk (1995). 2332: 2314: 2046: 1600:were roughly similar in size to Polish 3440: 2990:] (in Polish). Vol. 1. Lwów: 2692:Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna w Pułtusku 2451:(in Polish) (8): 30–38. Archived from 2366:Lt.Col. Ryszard Najczuk (2010-08-16). 2323: 3346:(in Polish) (189). Warsaw: Agora: 3. 3288: 2688:History of the 13th Infantry Regiment 2287: 2074: 734:-sized 1st Polish Army under General 418: 392: 304: 3142:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. 3037:War of 1920 in the powiat of Pułtusk 3033:Wojna 1920 roku w powiecie Pułtuskim 2941:Najnowsza historia polityczna Polski 2311:Gieleciński, Izdebski et al., p. 104 1910:Pruszyński & Giedroyć, pp. 32–36 1648:Najczuk, ¶ "Rosjanie dysponowali..." 1557:5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment 727:, to outflank the attacking forces. 330: 3380:Renault FT-17 in the Polish service 3336: 3052:Col. Mieczysław Ścieżyński (1928). 2915:Lt.Col. Michał Piwoszczuk (1964) . 1030:Although 105,714 people joined the 16:Battle during the Polish–Soviet War 13: 3463:Battles involving the Soviet Union 3182:Operacja warszawska; sierpień 1920 3116:Wspomnienia i dokumenty, 1877–1920 2945:Modern political history of Poland 2622:Wieś, chłopi, ruch ludowy, państwo 1315:. By noon the town was liberated. 1021: 952:1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division 826:1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division 712:ambassadors, hastily left Warsaw. 226:1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division 14: 3489: 3375:(in Polish). Taktyka i Strategia. 3360: 3312:Grzegorz Jaczyński (2010-07-24). 3120:Memories and documents; 1877–1920 1845:Pruszyński & Giedroyć, p. 238 1251:French Military Mission to Poland 3468:Battles of the Polish–Soviet War 2661:Bitwa pod Radzyminem w 1920 roku 1724:Jędrzejewicz & Cisek, p. 112 942:to Dybów. The following day the 277: 270: 159: 144: 43: 3367:Wojciech Zalewski, ed. (2005). 3299:(in Polish). Warsaw: INFOR PL. 2958:Wojna 1920: dramat Piłsudskiego 2160:Wyszczelski (2005), pp. 147–148 2003:Wyszczelski (2006), pp. 255–259 1701:Wyszczelski (1999), pp. 235–293 3097:University of Washington Press 2962:War of 1920; Piłsudski's drama 2112:Skaradziński, pp. 185–192, 215 1994:Żeligowski, pp. 89–98, 142–143 965: 926:formed the final fourth line. 1: 3186:Warsaw Operation, August 1920 3124:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 2806:Grzegorz Nowik (2005-08-13). 2719:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 2353: 2183:Królikowski (1991), pp. 17–55 2025:Wyszczelski (2008), pp. 17–22 1815:Królikowski (2002), pp. 31–36 1673:Szczepański (2002), pp. 30–38 931:11th Polish Infantry Division 764:Following the failure of the 753: 3396:[Battle of Warsaw]. 2999:Bohdan Skaradziński (1993). 2852:Janusz Odziemkowski (1990). 2767:(1966). Tadeusz Manteuffel; 2554:. Vol. 2. Basingstoke: 1636: 1389:Austin-Putilov armoured cars 1369: 1285: 1121: 996:their withdrawal from Warsaw 874:. From there it ran through 723:, and north, led by General 704:, with the exception of the 261:ca. 3,040 killed and wounded 7: 3122:] (in Polish). Warsaw: 3114:Andrzej Wierzbicki (1957). 3031:Janusz Szczepański (1990). 2771:; Stanisław Arnold (eds.). 2744:] (in Polish). Warsaw: 2717:] (in Polish). Warsaw: 2441:Janusz Szczepański (2002). 1537:Dywizja Litewsko-Białoruska 568:Dęblin and Mińsk Mazowiecki 10: 3494: 2937:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski 2890:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski 2874:Władysław Pobóg-Malinowski 2854:Bitwa Warszawska 1920 roku 2665:Battle at Radzymin in 1920 2550:Thomas C. Fiddick (1990). 2284:Odziemkowski (2000), p. 25 2211:Odziemkowski (2000), p. 23 2071:Odziemkowski (2000), p. 22 1937:Odziemkowski (2000), p. 24 1919:Odziemkowski (2000), p. 21 1773:Odziemkowski (1990), p. 55 1689:Odziemkowski (1990), p. 56 1624: 1613: 1590: 1575: 1564: 1548: 1525: 1465:Battle of the Niemen River 944:6th Russian Rifle Division 803: 757: 3369:"Warszawa (Wołomin) 1920" 3203:Lech Wyszczelski (2008). 3180:Lech Wyszczelski (2006). 3157:Lech Wyszczelski (2005). 2810:[Code-breakers]. 2736:Lech Królikowski (2002). 2709:Lech Królikowski (1991). 2404:Rocznik Mińsko-Mazowiecki 2302:Wyszczelski (2006), p. 10 1961:Skaradziński, pp. 212–216 1854:Królikowski (1991), p. 66 1785:Szczepański (1990), p. 17 1116: 849:Russian assault on Warsaw 453:Soviet westward offensive 430: 342: 265: 252: 231: 202: 173: 136: 64: 42: 30: 25: 3458:Battles involving Poland 3237:. HarperPress. pp. 2858:Battle of Warsaw of 1920 2684:Dzieje 13 pułku piechoty 2080:Pobóg-Malinowski, p. 453 1518: 1330:In the evening Generals 657:) took place during the 57:caps inherited from the 2994:. pp. 13, 109–134. 2952:Mieczysław Pruszyński; 2784:Grzegorz Nowik (2004). 2636:; Janusz Cisek (1998). 2533:Oxford University Press 2475:Edgar Vincent D'Abernon 2043:Wierzbicki, pp. 594–595 1884:Tarczyński, pp. 141–142 858:, then along the river 832:, two Air Groups (four 760:Battle of Warsaw (1920) 3392:Władysław Kolatorski. 3296:Dziennik Gazeta Prawna 3005:Polish years 1919–1920 3001:Polskie lata 1919–1920 2804:Excerpt published as: 2694:, USKOR. p. 329. 2618:Uniwersytet Warszawski 2266:Piłsudski, pp. 134–137 2133:D'Abernon, pp. 83, 144 1541:19th Infantry Division 1536: 1447: 1431: 1299: 1236: 1183:Bronisław Krzywobłocki 1174: 1160:46th Infantry Regiment 1131: 1041: 851: 830:10th Infantry Division 654: 291:Location within Poland 222:11th Infantry Division 218:10th Infantry Division 174:Commanders and leaders 53:, while the rest have 2581:Battle of Warsaw 1920 2576:Bitwa Warszawska 1920 2121:Kolatorski, pp. 54–60 1827:Sikorski, pp. 109–134 1764:Żeligowski, pp. 72–74 1500:Battle of Warsaw 1920 1476:Result and assessment 1445: 1429: 1293: 1230: 1172: 1129: 1076:Szczepan) manned the 1029: 846: 748:Polish Northern Front 253:Casualties and losses 109:52.40056°N 21.16972°E 3373:taktykaistrategia.pl 2558:. pp. 196–219. 2257:Zamoyski, pp. 86–102 2055:Fiddick, pp. 196–219 1872:Kowalski, pp. 98–112 1863:Skaradziński, p. 156 1505:Piotrków Trybunalski 998:in 1915, during the 655:Bitwa pod Radzyminem 288:class=notpageimage| 246:109 artillery pieces 3126:. pp. 594–595. 2634:Wacław Jędrzejewicz 1313:Dąbrowski's Mazurka 1242:Tadeusz Rozwadowski 847:First phase of the 746:, commander of the 239:91 artillery pieces 213:27th Rifle Division 209:21st Rifle Division 105: / 3453:August 1920 events 3421:2012-04-25 at the 3394:"Bitwa Warszawska" 3385:2018-05-12 at the 2980:Władysław Sikorski 2870:Julian Stachiewicz 2765:Tadeusz Manteuffel 2721:. pp. 17–55. 2556:Palgrave Macmillan 1836:Manteuffel, p. 370 1448: 1432: 1300: 1249:, a member of the 1237: 1175: 1132: 1107:aerial superiority 1042: 852: 736:Franciszek Latinik 725:Władysław Sikorski 647:Battle of Radzymin 197:Franciszek Latinik 114:52.40056; 21.16972 72:August 13–16, 1920 26:Battle of Radzymin 3473:Conflicts in 1920 3261:Wojna w roku 1920 3257:Lucjan Żeligowski 3248:978-0-00-725786-7 3218:978-83-11-11324-4 3106:978-0-295-95358-8 3014:978-83-85218-47-0 2777:History of Poland 2769:Andrzej Ajnenkiel 2763:Various authors; 2738:Twierdza Warszawa 2651:978-83-88736-92-6 2594:978-83-267-0322-5 2565:978-0-312-03998-1 2542:978-0-19-514366-9 2516:978-0-19-822592-8 2372:wojsko-polskie.pl 2347:Ścieżyński, p. 19 2229:Kolatorski, p. 64 1928:Gałęzowski, p. 27 1794:Kolatorski, p. 12 1385:artillery barrage 1347:Stefan Pogonowski 1332:Lucjan Żeligowski 1321:Wólka Radzymińska 1141:Ieronim Uborevich 778:Marshal of Poland 683:Polish–Soviet War 659:Polish–Soviet War 640: 639: 635: 634: 422:Polish–Soviet War 385: 384: 299: 298: 132: 131: 37:Polish–Soviet War 3485: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3376: 3355: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3308: 3278: 3252: 3236: 3222: 3199: 3176: 3153: 3132:Lech Wyszczelski 3127: 3110: 3089:Piotr S. Wandycz 3084: 3061: 3048: 3027: 3018: 2995: 2975: 2948: 2932: 2911: 2885: 2861: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2836:. Archived from 2803: 2780: 2759: 2732: 2705: 2678: 2655: 2629: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2603: 2597:. Archived from 2586: 2569: 2546: 2520: 2506:God's Playground 2496: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2428: 2422:. Archived from 2412:Mińsk Mazowiecki 2401: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2378:. Archived from 2348: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2242: 2239: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2184: 2181: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2056: 2053: 2044: 2041: 2026: 2023: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1971: 1970:Piłsudski, p. 18 1968: 1962: 1959: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1897: 1894: 1885: 1882: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1816: 1813: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1751: 1748: 1739: 1736: 1725: 1722: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1690: 1687: 1674: 1671: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1646: 1628: 1617: 1594: 1579: 1568: 1552: 1529: 1515:administration. 1461:Nikolai Sollogub 1377:Virtuti Militari 1280:Siberian Brigade 1218:court-martialled 1165: 1149:Commissar of War 1015:Mińsk Mazowiecki 1013:, Radzymin, and 679:Battle of Warsaw 433: 432: 425: 423: 413: 406: 399: 390: 389: 337: 335: 334:Battle of Warsaw 325: 318: 311: 302: 301: 281: 280: 274: 248:220 machine guns 241:390 machine guns 169: 165: 163: 162: 154: 150: 148: 147: 120: 119: 117: 116: 115: 110: 106: 103: 102: 101: 98: 66: 65: 47: 33:Battle of Warsaw 23: 22: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3438: 3437: 3423:Wayback Machine 3407: 3405: 3387:Wayback Machine 3363: 3358: 3343:Gazeta Wyborcza 3327: 3325: 3275: 3249: 3219: 3196: 3173: 3150: 3107: 3081: 3015: 2972: 2908: 2866:Józef Piłsudski 2843: 2841: 2820:(2516): 68–70. 2808:"Szyfrołamacze" 2800: 2773:Historia Polski 2756: 2748:. p. 383. 2742:Warsaw Fortress 2729: 2702: 2675: 2652: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2584: 2566: 2543: 2535:. p. 480. 2517: 2493: 2485:. p. 178. 2458: 2456: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2399: 2385: 2383: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2245: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2220:Sikorski, p. 13 2219: 2215: 2210: 2187: 2182: 2173: 2169:Zamoyski, p. 86 2168: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2151:Zamoyski, p. 89 2150: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2042: 2029: 2024: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1953: 1949:Suchcitz, p. 59 1948: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1803:Wandycz, p. 116 1802: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1728: 1723: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1677: 1672: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1614: 1609: 1591: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1549: 1544: 1526: 1521: 1507:. Since 1998 a 1495: 1478: 1424: 1372: 1288: 1163: 1124: 1119: 1099:march companies 1024: 1022:Opposing forces 1007:Modlin Fortress 1000:First World War 992:Warsaw Fortress 968: 899:Fort Beniaminów 891:First World War 886:–Vistula line. 856:Zegrze Fortress 838:armoured trains 806: 796:and on towards 786:Modlin Fortress 770:Central Belarus 762: 756: 721:Józef Piłsudski 698:1st Polish Army 671:Battle of Ossów 643: 642: 641: 636: 463:Bereza Kartuska 437:List of battles 426: 421: 419: 417: 387: 386: 381: 338: 333: 331: 329: 295: 294: 293: 292: 290: 284: 283: 282: 247: 245: 244:17,000 soldiers 240: 238: 237:15,000 soldiers 224: 220: 211: 195: 191: 182: 160: 158: 145: 143: 113: 111: 107: 104: 99: 96: 94: 92: 91: 90: 59:Polish Legions. 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3491: 3481: 3480: 3478:Wołomin County 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3448:1920 in Poland 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3413: 3389: 3377: 3362: 3361:External links 3359: 3357: 3356: 3334: 3309: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3273: 3253: 3247: 3223: 3217: 3200: 3194: 3177: 3171: 3154: 3148: 3128: 3111: 3105: 3085: 3079: 3062: 3049: 3028: 3019: 3013: 2996: 2976: 2970: 2954:Jerzy Giedroyć 2949: 2933: 2912: 2906: 2862: 2849: 2798: 2781: 2760: 2754: 2733: 2727: 2706: 2700: 2679: 2673: 2656: 2650: 2630: 2613: 2593: 2570: 2564: 2547: 2541: 2521: 2515: 2497: 2491: 2483:Hyperion Press 2470: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2438: 2391: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2268: 2259: 2243: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2185: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2142:Davies, p. 213 2135: 2123: 2114: 2082: 2073: 2057: 2045: 2027: 2005: 1996: 1972: 1963: 1951: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1898: 1886: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1796: 1787: 1775: 1766: 1752: 1740: 1726: 1712: 1703: 1691: 1675: 1659: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1596:Russian rifle 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583:Cipher Section 1580: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1561: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1530: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1494: 1491: 1477: 1474: 1423: 1420: 1402:Wiktor Thommée 1371: 1368: 1344:1st Lieutenant 1287: 1284: 1275:Jan Rządkowski 1247:Maxime Weygand 1233:Wincenty Witos 1224:Józef Liwacz. 1198:Wincenty Witos 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1033:Volunteer Army 1023: 1020: 967: 964: 805: 802: 766:Kiev offensive 758:Main article: 755: 752: 638: 637: 633: 632: 631: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 533:Kiev offensive 530: 525: 520: 512: 511: 505: 504: 503: 502: 497: 492: 487: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 447: 446: 440: 439: 431: 428: 427: 416: 415: 408: 401: 393: 383: 382: 380: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 343: 340: 339: 328: 327: 320: 313: 305: 297: 296: 286: 285: 276: 275: 269: 268: 267: 266: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 250: 249: 242: 234: 233: 229: 228: 215: 205: 204: 203:Units involved 200: 199: 189:Jan Rządkowski 186: 176: 175: 171: 170: 155: 139: 138: 134: 133: 130: 129: 128:Polish victory 126: 122: 121: 80: 78: 74: 73: 70: 62: 61: 40: 39: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3490: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3404:on 2012-04-25 3403: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3324:on 2010-10-30 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3274:83-89667-49-5 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3227:Adam Zamoyski 3224: 3220: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3195:83-11-10179-5 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3172:83-11-10227-9 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:Warszawa 1920 3155: 3151: 3149:83-11-08963-9 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3080:83-86678-37-2 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2971:83-7066-560-8 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2907:83-03-03056-6 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2886:2nd edition: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2840:on 2012-04-30 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2801: 2799:83-7399-099-2 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2755:83-11-09356-3 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2728:83-01-10316-7 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2701:83-906458-1-5 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2674:83-902669-1-1 2670: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2604:on 2011-12-08 2600: 2596: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2525:Paul K. Davis 2522: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2501:Norman Davies 2498: 2494: 2492:0-88355-429-1 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2455:on 2011-07-18 2454: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2429:on 2012-04-25 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2406:(in Polish). 2405: 2397: 2392: 2382:on 2012-04-03 2381: 2377: 2374:(in Polish). 2373: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2293:Davis, p. 371 2290: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2263: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2166: 2157: 2148: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2118: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2077: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2000: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1967: 1958: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1934: 1925: 1916: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1800: 1791: 1782: 1780: 1770: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1654: 1645: 1641: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1419: 1416: 1415:Kaniów Rifles 1410: 1407: 1406:Kaniów Rifles 1403: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1380: 1378: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1360:East Prussian 1356: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1340:Kaniów Rifles 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1292: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205:Achille Ratti 1203: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:16th Red Army 1128: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095:sentry guards 1092: 1086: 1083: 1082:Leśniakowizna 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066:Kaniów Rifles 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046:Leśniakowizna 1039: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 927: 925: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:no man's land 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 876:Leśniakowizna 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 850: 845: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 761: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 719: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 515: 514: 513: 510: 507: 506: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 485: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 449: 448: 445: 442: 441: 438: 435: 434: 429: 424: 414: 409: 407: 402: 400: 395: 394: 391: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 341: 336: 326: 321: 319: 314: 312: 307: 306: 303: 289: 273: 264: 260: 257: 256: 251: 243: 236: 235: 230: 227: 223: 219: 216: 214: 210: 207: 206: 201: 198: 194: 190: 187: 185: 181: 178: 177: 172: 168: 156: 153: 152:Soviet Russia 141: 140: 135: 127: 124: 123: 118: 88: 84: 79: 76: 75: 71: 68: 67: 63: 60: 56: 52: 51:Adrian helmet 46: 41: 38: 34: 29: 24: 19: 3406:. 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Colonel 1038:war scythes 966:Battlefield 924:bridgeheads 834:escadrilles 824:, with the 774:Polish Army 478:2nd Vilnius 184:Ivan Smolin 112: / 35:during the 3442:Categories 3408:2011-10-06 3318:dobroni.pl 3209:Neman 1920 3136:Kijów 1920 2992:Ossolineum 2844:2011-11-10 2608:2011-11-10 2531:. Oxford: 2459:2011-10-04 2433:2011-10-24 2386:2011-10-29 2354:References 1606:battalions 1469:propaganda 1393:Renault FT 1325:Dąbkowizna 1072:Regiment ( 754:Background 518:Daugavpils 490:Sieliszcze 100:21°10′11″E 97:52°24′02″N 55:maciejówka 3352:0860-908X 3305:2080-6744 3140:Kiev 1920 3045:18742942M 2898:Year 1920 2882:Year 1920 2826:0032-3500 2420:1232-633X 1637:Citations 1602:regiments 1370:August 15 1364:Włocławek 1305:Białystok 1286:August 14 1179:gendarmes 1122:August 13 1091:deserters 1011:Legionowo 984:Włocławek 946:captured 936:Blue Army 911:Rembertów 798:Pomerania 794:Bugonarew 740:divisions 702:diplomats 608:Białystok 543:Wołodarka 377:Białystok 3419:Archived 3383:Archived 3259:(2005). 3229:(2008). 3134:(1999). 3091:(1974). 2982:(1928). 2956:(1995). 2939:(1990). 2929:27102801 2894:Rok 1920 2892:(eds.). 2878:Rok 1920 2868:(1937). 2813:Polityka 2527:(2001). 2503:(1981). 2477:(1977). 2360:Articles 1598:brigades 1336:Nieporęt 1309:Jabłonna 1296:Izabelin 1200:, papal 919:Falenica 907:Zielonka 884:Wiązowna 870:east of 690:Red Army 663:Radzymin 623:Dytiatyn 603:Zadwórze 578:Radzymin 573:Nasielsk 563:Głębokie 558:Boryspol 548:Bystrzyk 538:Berezina 528:Koziatyn 523:Latyczów 495:Berezina 362:Nasielsk 352:Radzymin 232:Strength 89:, Poland 83:Radzymin 77:Location 2876:(ed.). 2834:6547308 2746:Bellona 1631:battle. 1103:sappers 1054:Kobyłka 948:Wyszków 880:Okuniew 872:Wołomin 868:marshes 804:Prelude 790:Vistula 718:General 710:Vatican 706:British 692:on the 613:Komarów 87:Mazovia 3350: 3303: 3271: 3245: 3241:–102. 3215: 3192: 3169: 3146: 3103: 3077: 3043: 3011: 2968: 2927: 2904: 2832: 2824: 2796: 2752: 2725: 2698: 2671: 2648: 2591: 2583:] 2562: 2539: 2513: 2489: 2418: 1533:Polish 1513:powiat 1457:Grodno 1453:Brześć 1259:versts 1202:nuncio 1117:Battle 1078:Czarna 960:Zawady 915:Zakręt 903:Struga 860:Rządza 820:, and 782:Wieprz 667:Warsaw 651:Polish 618:Kobryń 588:Warsaw 553:Grodno 347:Warsaw 167:Poland 164: 149: 125:Result 3263:[ 3207:[ 3184:[ 3161:[ 3138:[ 3118:[ 3069:[ 3056:[ 3035:[ 3003:[ 2986:[ 2960:[ 2943:[ 2919:[ 2896:[ 2880:[ 2856:[ 2788:[ 2775:[ 2740:[ 2713:[ 2686:[ 2663:[ 2640:[ 2624:[ 2602:(PDF) 2585:(PDF) 2579:[ 2468:Books 2427:(PDF) 2400:(PDF) 1519:Notes 1222:Major 1145:Toruń 1050:Marki 988:Toruń 980:Płock 976:Narew 940:Mokre 864:Dybów 732:corps 694:Praga 593:Cyców 583:Ossów 500:Byteń 484:Minsk 473:Pińsk 372:Cyców 357:Ossów 258:Heavy 81:Near 3348:ISSN 3330:2011 3301:ISSN 3289:AW; 3283:News 3269:ISBN 3243:ISBN 3213:ISBN 3190:ISBN 3167:ISBN 3144:ISBN 3101:ISBN 3075:ISBN 3009:ISBN 2966:ISBN 2925:OCLC 2902:ISBN 2830:OCLC 2822:ISSN 2794:ISBN 2750:ISBN 2723:ISBN 2696:ISBN 2669:ISBN 2646:ISBN 2589:ISBN 2560:ISBN 2537:ISBN 2511:ISBN 2487:ISBN 2416:ISSN 1355:Wkra 1323:and 1097:and 986:and 974:and 958:and 956:Ruda 929:The 822:15th 818:11th 792:and 708:and 645:The 598:Lwów 509:1920 468:Lida 444:1919 367:Kock 69:Date 3338:PAP 3291:PAP 1211:), 1166:". 1101:of 972:Bug 862:to 814:8th 3444:: 3371:. 3239:86 3099:. 3041:OL 2872:, 2828:. 2818:32 2816:. 2481:. 2410:. 2402:. 2271:^ 2246:^ 2234:^ 2188:^ 2174:^ 2126:^ 2085:^ 2060:^ 2048:^ 2030:^ 2008:^ 1975:^ 1954:^ 1942:^ 1901:^ 1889:^ 1877:^ 1820:^ 1808:^ 1778:^ 1755:^ 1743:^ 1729:^ 1715:^ 1694:^ 1678:^ 1662:^ 1535:: 1109:. 1002:. 982:, 840:. 816:, 685:. 653:: 85:, 3411:. 3354:. 3332:. 3307:. 3277:. 3251:. 3221:. 3198:. 3175:. 3152:. 3109:. 3083:. 3047:. 3017:. 2974:. 2931:. 2910:. 2847:. 2802:. 2758:. 2731:. 2704:. 2677:. 2654:. 2611:. 2568:. 2545:. 2519:. 2495:. 2462:. 2436:. 2408:6 2389:. 1608:. 1164:' 1080:– 1052:– 1040:. 917:– 913:- 909:– 905:– 882:– 649:( 412:e 405:t 398:v 324:e 317:t 310:v

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Battle of Radzymin (1920)

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