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to
Coimbra by the village of Redinha. Wellington advanced with caution, as his army arrived piecemeal on the scene and he was uncertain of the strength of the French force in front. His three forward-most divisions made contact but halted and deployed in line to face Mermet's contingent: the Light Division under Erskine on the western flank, Pack's Portuguese brigade in the center and Picton's 3rd Division on the east. Once Cole's 4th Division arrived to enforce Pack's brigade, with the 1st and 6th Divisions closing fast, it was clear that the Anglo-Portuguese had a significant advantage in numbers and so began their attack, at approximately 2pm.
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1401:, who thought Ney handled the business well. "At Redinha Ney again turned, using Mermet and Marchand in another skillful rearguard action, ...causing further delays to Wellington." For the loss of 229 men he had held Wellington up for an entire day, giving Masséna the time he needed to force his way across the Mondego River. "Ney had achieved his objectives, he had protected the rear of the army, his own corps rearguard had been safely withdrawn and Wellington had been delayed by a day.".
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precipitate actions against the enemy (nor was
Wellington eager to try conclusions with a commander as reputed as Masséna, even an apparently beaten Masséna, unless it were on his own terms). Unbeknownst to the French, however, several Allied detachments (largely Portuguese recruits) had already seized many positions along the Mondego. Consequently, the Allies did not march until the morning of the 6th, with Wellington directing a circumspect and cautious pursuit of Ney.
1342:
the French right. However both French flanks were eventually turned. To avoid it becoming overwhelmed, Ney promptly withdrew Mermet's line in echelon to its second pre-established position across the Ancos river in
Redinha, where Marchand’s division was waiting in support. During the river crossing the French infantry became bottle-necked on the bridge and suffered significantly from close range fire by skirmishers from the British Light Division.
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Ney deployed Mermet's rearguard division in line on a plateau some 3 km south of
Redinha, bolstering this contingent with the 3rd Hussars, a few dragoon squadrons, as well as 8 guns for support. A second division under Marchand was stationed further North across the Ancos river, on the main road
1408:
against
Coimbra, even though Trant's rather weak garrison had orders to retire immediately if strongly pressed. At the end of 12 March the French were still to the south of the river, and in danger of being trapped by Wellington. The only alternative route open to Masséna was to retreat east towards
1362:
Ney's two stands were successful in delaying the allies for an entire day, Wellington only managing to advance ten miles in twenty four hours. Wellington's next clash with Ney's rearguard occurred the following day, March 13, at
Condeixa. This time Picton's Division maneuvered to attempt cutting off
1341:
Wellington threw the 3rd and Light
Division forward on the flanks to envelop Mermet's position, while the center advanced slowly and took some casualties from the French artillery. The fighting became intense in the center while sharp skirmishing took place on the flanks, especially in the forest on
1193:
It is certainly astonishing that the enemy have been able to remain in this country so long; and it is an extraordinary instance of what a French army can do. ...They brought no provisions with them, and they have not received even a letter since they entered
Portugal. With all our money, and having
1383:
of two generals which cost so many brave men their lives with no result. In fact
Wellington was aware that he was advancing on Ney's VI Corps, that another French column was on his flank (Loison's division at Rabaçal, around 8 km east) and that VIII Corps was not far off as stragglers from it
1353:
The Anglo-Portuguese troops took some time to follow and deploy on the other side of the river, before starting another attack in the same style, with the 3rd and Light
Divisions on the flanks while Cole's 4th Division formed up alongside Pack's Portuguese once again for a central push. As before,
1281:
French parties under Montbrun reconnoitred the Mondego the morning of March 11 but found the river, in full flood, impossible to ford, and Coimbra occupied by Portuguese militia under Nicholas Trant The next day, a location was discovered at Pereira, eight miles upstream, where the river might be
1277:
The Allies stood still between March 4 and 6, tracking the French manoeuvres and trying to discern Masséna's intentions with certainty. To Wellington the apparent French retreat was itself a welcome relief, and the general opted to wait out events rather than risk compromising his advantage with
1204:
Aware that his preliminary measures of channelling wounded or ill men, heavy guns, and large wagons, would alert the British and Portuguese to his intentions, Masséna took measures to forestall an Allied attempt against his lines. In the Tagus valley where the French were established in depth, a
1155:
on 11 March, Marshal Ney and the French rearguard had retreated to Redinha. Here he took up an apparently vulnerable position, with Mermet's division on a plateau south of the village, and Marchand's division north of the village on the far side of the Ancos River, linked by a narrow bridge, but
1392:
It is by no means certain that Wellington showed undue caution. His army was still England's only army; and it could have served no purpose to lose a number of men in a partial engagement when the same result could be attained by a few hours' delay. The country was an ideal one for rearguard
1354:
Ney waited until the last moment before retiring once more as evening was falling. The allied vanguard pursued for a while when Ney abruptly turned two battalions to pour a heavy fire on the Anglo-Portuguese, before finally retiring in good order to the village of Condeixa.
1409:
the Spanish border, and the only road available led east from Condeixa. With the British close to that village, on the morning of 13 March Masséna began the long costly retreat back into Spain which marked the complete failure of his great invasion of Portugal.
1144:. Challenging the Allies with only one or two divisions, Ney's 7,000 troops were pitched against 25,000 men. In a typical rearguard action, Ney delayed the Allied advance for a day and bought valuable time for the withdrawal of the main body of the French army.
1367:
places the French losses at Redinha at 14 officers and 213 men, all from Mermet's division, whereas the allied losses were 12 officers and 193 men, mostly from the 3rd and the Light Division. Other sources like the French statesman and historian
1194:
in our favour the good inclinations of the country, I assure you that I could not maintain one division in the district in which they have maintained not less than 60,000 men...for more than two months.
1384:
had been picked up earlier that morning. He therefore proceeded cautiously, unwilling to risk a hasty and potentially costly engagement by not being fully aware of the French dispositions. Historian
412:
1304:, brusquely pushing the enemy from the town and throwing the British columns into disorder, with some troops being driven into the river and drowned. The French battalions then put Pombal
252:
1269:, passing Ney, crossing Pombal, and racing on to Coimbra. Loison, after destroying the decoy bridges at Punhete March 7, joined Ney at Leiria, forming Masséna's rearguard.
1168:, his men famished and demoralized, accepted the advice of his despondent lieutenants and began preparations to extricate the French army from Portugal. With his customary
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and afford the army a passage to safety. The French pursued a retrograde movement along the Mondego valley—which Masséna had long contemplated, were it not for
1397:
Ney has been praised for his remarkable handling of the rearguard. The conduct of Ney's retreat drew much praise from several British commanders, including
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Unfortunately for the French, Masséna failed to take advantage of the respite. Crucially, in the time bought by Ney, Masséna had not attempted a
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without a fight the morning of March 11. As the British filed into the village, Ney ordered an abrupt about-face and counterattacked with three
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handful of bayonets would suffice to keep Wellington at bay, but along the coastal roads, rapid movements might allow the enemy to seize
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2013:
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Ney's contingent from the main body of the army, thus forcing him to quickly retire without much resistance. The British historian
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quotes a much more sizeable number of losses for the British numbering around 1,800 men compared to only 150 men for the French.
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actions; Massena's though a retreating was not a beaten army, and most of his generals were tacticians of skill and experience.
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Wellington's contemporaries, both French and British, criticized his handling of the battle. An unlikely dissenter was the
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1221:, an inhospitable and dangerous region. By March 5, every corps in the French army was in motion: a concentration at
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Masséna drafted orders calling for the army to quit the Tagus abruptly between 4 and 6 March, aiming to secure
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Wellington's first check came at the village of Pombal, which Ney initially yielded to the approaching Allied
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1253:), adding Conroux's division on the march and putting some 22,000 men on the approach to the sea. Meanwhile,
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Wellington was aware that he was close to much larger French formations, and proceeded very carefully.
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Redinha was the second and most successful rearguard action fought during Masséna's retreat from the
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passed by a set of bridges, providing some 36 hours could be gained for their construction.
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Histoire du consulat et de l'empire: faisant suite a l'Histoire de la révolution française
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the following day, followed by the battles of Casal de Novo and finally, Foz de Arouce.
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who, as an eyewitness, deemed the battle of no consequence and deplored the
2120:
1956:
1405:
1364:
1254:
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3878:
3866:
3823:
3578:
1217:, cutting the French line of retreat and forcing Masséna south into the
3593:
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Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des francais
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1345:
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and establishing himself on the left bank of the Mondego.
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1516:
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moved from Santarém to Tomar, descending the heights at
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By February 1810 Masséna, stalled for six months at the
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an attempt to force the Tagus. Marshal Ney raced from
1151:
in the spring of 1811. Having held off the British at
1784:(in French). Tallandier, Bibliothèque Napoléonienne.
1637:
Fuentes de Oñoro: Wellington's Liberation of Portugal
1546:
1485:
1441:
1426:
1745:
History & Campaigns of the Rifle Brigade Part 2
1561:
1801:Historic Doubts as to the Execution of Marshal Ney
1688:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
1124:action which took place on March 12, 1811, during
4114:
1741:
1705:Marbot, Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcellin (1891).
1479:
1184:express orders forbidding him to budge from the
138:
4071:England expects that every man will do his duty
1388:likewise defended Wellington, contending that:
1176:as a base from which to throw bridges over the
1887:
406:
246:
1894:
1880:
1813:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1742:Willoughby, William; Verner, Cole (1919).
413:
399:
253:
239:
152:
39:
1756:A History of the Peninsular War Volume IV
1711:. Kessinger Publishing (published 2005).
1672:
1634:
1606:
1591:
1540:
1467:
4158:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
1770:
1653:
1618:
1344:
1315:
1779:
1504:
1237:towards the heights of Leiria with two
225:205 to 1,800 killed, wounded or missing
4115:
2217:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1798:
1782:Dictionnaire des batailles de Napoléon
1732:
1704:
1555:
1525:
1498:
1450:
1435:
1060:
3899:Spanish American wars of independence
1875:
1685:
1229:masked the broader movements, Loison
394:
266:Invasion of Portugal, 1810–1811
234:
222:150 to 229 killed, wounded or missing
45:Battle of Redinha, 12 March 1811, by
16:1811 battle during the Peninsular War
4128:Battles involving the United Kingdom
1752:
1579:
1567:
1336:
1327:
1012:
577:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811
505:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
3884:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1901:
1771:Beauvais, Charles-Théodore (1820).
1737:. Vol. XII. Furne & Jovet.
1272:
13:
1764:
1656:The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809–11
47:Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux
14:
4169:
1822:
1748:. J. Bale, Sons & Danielsson.
3759:Frederick William III of Prussia
3739:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1828:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1059:
1043:
1027:
1011:
995:
979:
963:
947:
931:
915:
899:
883:
867:
860:
539:Second invasion of Portugal 1809
187:
175:
154:
140:
126:
3879:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3809:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1044:
1028:
996:
980:
900:
3794:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3704:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3649:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3644:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1708:The Memoirs of Baron De Marbot
1136:against a considerably larger
916:
884:
868:
1:
4123:Battles of the Peninsular War
3819:Prince Charles John of Sweden
1675:A History of the British Army
1628:
1159:
1132:, by a French division under
964:
948:
932:
445:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
1480:Willoughby & Verner 1919
1412:The next action would be at
1357:
7:
484:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
10:
4174:
4133:Battles involving Portugal
3654:Frederick I of Württemberg
2024:Confederation of the Rhine
1759:. Oxford University Press.
1510:
1289:
4033:
3917:
3832:
3814:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3804:William, Prince of Orange
3667:
3614:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
3547:
3540:
3420:
3299:
3163:
2992:
2906:
2860:
2609:
2503:
2427:
2321:
2235:
2187:
2178:
2074:
1975:
1966:
1943:French Invasion of Russia
1909:
1799:Weston, James A. (1895).
1311:
1285:
1249:) and a cavalry brigade (
1080:Peninsular war: Portugal
440:
272:
216:
199:
168:
119:
53:
38:
30:
25:
4138:Battles involving France
3724:Archduke John of Austria
3719:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3564:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1733:Thiers, Adolphe (1884).
1673:Fortescue, John (1917).
1635:Chartrand, René (2002).
1419:
3659:Frederick VI of Denmark
3609:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2399:Greater Poland uprising
2222:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1780:Pigeard, Alain (2004).
498:War of the Oranges 1801
462:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
3779:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2227:Coronation of Napoleon
1753:Oman, Charles (1911).
1654:Fletcher, Ian (2003).
1395:
1350:
1324:
1196:
1166:Lines of Torres Vedras
1149:Lines of Torres Vedras
169:Commanders and leaders
4066:Conference of Dresden
3975:Paris (February 1812)
3904:Swedish–Norwegian War
3729:Alexander I of Russia
1686:Gates, David (1986).
1658:. Osprey Publishing.
1639:. Osprey Publishing.
1390:
1348:
1319:
1191:
217:Casualties and losses
71:River Soure, Portugal
4020:Fontainebleau (1814)
3574:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2495:Invasion of Portugal
1864:Battle of Casal Novo
1837:at Wikimedia Commons
1679:Macmillan Publishers
1077:class=notpageimage|
4046:Bourbon Restoration
3789:Maria I of Portugal
3774:Prince of Hohenlohe
3764:Gebhard von Blücher
2707:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2014:Swiss Confederation
1582:, pp. 143–144.
1528:, pp. 575–578.
1349:A map of the battle
517:Padrões de Teixeira
194:Viscount Wellington
88: /
4061:Continental System
4056:Congress of Erfurt
3980:Paris (March 1812)
3754:Peter Wittgenstein
3679:Duke of Wellington
3634:Prince Poniatowski
3599:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3584:Auguste de Marmont
2979:Arroyo dos Molinos
2827:Walcheren Campaign
2817:Armistice of Znaim
2712:Dalmatian Campaign
2637:Tyrolean Rebellion
1857:Battle of Redinha
1677:. Vol. VIII.
1351:
1325:
685:Arroyo dos Molinos
283:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
4153:March 1811 events
4143:Conflicts in 1811
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4098:Types of military
3894:Russo-Turkish War
3889:Russo-Persian War
3857:Anglo-Turkish War
3852:Anglo-Swedish War
3847:Anglo-Spanish War
3842:Anglo-Russian War
3769:Duke of Brunswick
3672:political leaders
3552:political leaders
3536:
3535:
2541:Medina de Rioseco
2263:Haslach-Jungingen
2197:French Revolution
2174:
2173:
1957:Seventh Coalition
1870:
1869:
1860:Succeeded by
1835:Battle of Redinha
1833:Media related to
1718:978-1-4179-0855-4
1690:. Da Capo Press.
1681:(published 2008).
1665:978-1-84176-576-1
1646:978-1-84176-311-8
1543:, pp. 74–75.
1470:, pp. 51–52.
1399:Sir Thomas Picton
1337:Combat of Redinha
1328:Initial movements
1322:Marshal of France
1118:Battle of Redinha
855:
854:
386:
385:
229:
228:
115:
114:
26:Battle of Redinha
4165:
4148:1811 in Portugal
3874:Dano-Swedish War
3862:Anglo-Danish War
3714:Archduke Charles
3629:Jérôme Bonaparte
3545:
3544:
3478:Castel di Sangro
3387:Fère-Champenoise
3040:García Hernández
2954:Fuentes de Oñoro
2470:Guttstadt-Deppen
2207:Second Coalition
2185:
2184:
2166:French Royalists
1973:
1972:
1922:Fourth Coalition
1896:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1848:Battle of Pombal
1844:Preceded by
1841:
1840:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1804:
1795:
1776:
1760:
1749:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1701:
1682:
1669:
1650:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1292:Battle of Pombal
1273:Wellington moves
1259:Miranda do Corvo
1200:
1199:Arthur Wellesley
1138:Anglo-Portuguese
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1031:
1030:
1015:
1014:
999:
998:
983:
982:
967:
966:
951:
950:
935:
934:
919:
918:
903:
902:
887:
886:
871:
870:
864:
788:France 1813-1814
643:Fuentes de Oñoro
603:Battle of Sobral
435:
433:
415:
408:
401:
392:
391:
362:Fuentes de Oñoro
267:
255:
248:
241:
232:
231:
192:
191:
180:
179:
164:
160:
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157:
150:
146:
144:
143:
132:
130:
129:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
92:40.050°N 8.633°W
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
55:
54:
43:
23:
22:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4029:
3913:
3834:
3828:
3784:Miguel de Álava
3749:Pyotr Bagration
3744:Count Bennigsen
3734:Mikhail Kutuzov
3699:Thomas Cochrane
3671:
3669:
3663:
3624:Louis Bonaparte
3551:
3549:
3548:French and ally
3532:
3416:
3332:Château-Thierry
3295:
3159:
3130:Maloyaroslavets
2988:
2902:
2856:
2647:Yevenes/Yébenes
2605:
2521:Rosily Squadron
2499:
2423:
2389:Waren-Nossentin
2317:
2248:Cape Finisterre
2231:
2202:First Coalition
2180:
2170:
2077:
2070:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1950:Sixth Coalition
1936:Fifth Coalition
1915:Third Coalition
1905:
1903:Napoleonic Wars
1900:
1861:
1856:
1854:Napoleonic Wars
1845:
1825:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1775:. Vol. 20.
1767:
1765:Further reading
1723:
1721:
1719:
1698:
1666:
1647:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1598:
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1539:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1377:Baron de Marbot
1360:
1339:
1330:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1275:
1265:would march to
1202:
1198:
1162:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1079:
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1039:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1000:
992:
991:
990:
984:
976:
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974:
968:
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952:
944:
943:
942:
936:
928:
927:
926:
920:
912:
911:
910:
904:
896:
895:
894:
888:
880:
879:
878:
872:
856:
851:
828:
705:Salamanca Forts
654:Spain 1811-1813
648:Aldeia da Ponte
436:
432:Napoleonic Wars
431:
421:
419:
389:
388:
387:
382:
378:Aldeia da Ponte
268:
265:
261:
259:
211:
206:
186:
174:
155:
153:
151:
141:
139:
127:
125:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4171:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4093:Longwood House
4090:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
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3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
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3870:
3869:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Count of Feira
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:Horatio Nelson
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Marshal Victor
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3542:
3538:
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3500:
3495:
3490:
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3455:
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3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3382:Arcis-sur-Aube
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Venta del Pozo
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Ciudad Rodrigo
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Ciudad Rodrigo
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2852:Alba de Tormes
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2752:Aspern-Essling
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
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2607:
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2598:
2593:
2588:
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2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2354:Jena–Auerstedt
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Ottoman Empire
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:United Kingdom
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Ottoman Empire
2053:
2051:Denmark–Norway
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Polish Legions
1991:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1929:Peninsular War
1925:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1851:
1839:
1838:
1824:
1823:External links
1821:
1820:
1819:
1796:
1790:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1739:
1730:
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1683:
1670:
1664:
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1627:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1607:Fortescue 1917
1596:
1592:Chartrand 2002
1584:
1572:
1570:, p. 142.
1560:
1558:, p. 586.
1545:
1541:Fortescue 1917
1530:
1515:
1503:
1501:, p. 574.
1484:
1482:, p. 227.
1472:
1468:Chartrand 2002
1455:
1453:, p. 593.
1440:
1438:, p. 448.
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1386:John Fortescue
1370:Adolphe Thiers
1359:
1356:
1338:
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1329:
1326:
1313:
1310:
1290:Main article:
1287:
1284:
1274:
1271:
1190:
1161:
1158:
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1074:
1068:FuentesDeOñoro
1066:
1065:
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866:
865:
859:
858:
857:
853:
852:
850:
849:
847:Banda Oriental
844:
839:
837:Guerra de 1801
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
752:
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732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
690:Ciudad Rodrigo
687:
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333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
279:
273:
270:
269:
263:Peninsular War
258:
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250:
243:
235:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
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202:
201:
197:
196:
184:
171:
170:
166:
165:
148:United Kingdom
136:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:French Victory
109:
105:
104:
97:40.050; -8.633
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
36:
35:
33:Peninsular War
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4170:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:Miscellaneous
4032:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
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3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
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3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Manuel Lapeña
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Prince Eugène
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:André Masséna
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Joachim Murat
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Rocheserviere
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
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3476:
3474:
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3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
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2762:Sankt Michael
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
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1979:client states
1974:
1971:
1965:
1959:
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1791:2-84734-073-4
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1697:0-306-81083-2
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1633:
1632:
1621:, p. 51.
1620:
1619:Fletcher 2003
1615:
1609:, p. 77.
1608:
1603:
1601:
1594:, p. 50.
1593:
1588:
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1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
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1542:
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1527:
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1513:, pp. 237–238
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1219:Zêzere valley
1216:
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1178:Mondego River
1175:
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1128:retreat from
1127:
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750:San Sebastián
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628:Foz de Arouce
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427:Revolutionary
424:
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397:
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379:
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351:Foz de Arouce
349:
347:
344:
342:
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329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Torres Vedras
319:
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163:
149:
137:
135:
134:French Empire
124:
123:
118:
110:
107:
106:
101:
72:
68:
65:
64:
61:12 March 1811
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4081:Grande Armée
4041:Bibliography
4025:Paris (1815)
3985:Paris (1814)
3970:Paris (1810)
3950:Finckenstein
3925:Campo Formio
3684:Rowland Hill
3670:military and
3550:military and
3523:Rocquencourt
3392:Saint-Dizier
3362:Bar-sur-Aube
3317:Mincio River
2928:
2812:Schöngrabern
2591:2nd Zaragoza
2531:1st Zaragoza
2485:Stralsund II
2334:Campo Tenese
2308:Schöngrabern
2293:Cape Ortegal
2243:Diamond Rock
2121:Papal States
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1862:
1853:
1846:
1800:
1781:
1772:
1755:
1744:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1707:
1687:
1674:
1655:
1636:
1614:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1511:Gates (1986)
1506:
1475:
1411:
1406:coup de main
1403:
1396:
1391:
1374:
1365:Charles Oman
1361:
1352:
1340:
1331:
1320:Michel Ney,
1306:to the torch
1295:
1280:
1276:
1267:Torres Novas
1203:
1197:
1192:
1169:
1163:
1146:
1140:force under
1117:
1115:
1035:
1020:TorresVedras
765:Roncesvalles
612:
598:Trant's raid
361:
335:
309:
304:Trant's raid
282:
120:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
3909:War of 1812
3867:Gunboat War
3824:Louis XVIII
3579:Jean Lannes
3493:Quatre Bras
3483:San Germano
3433:Occhiobello
3322:Champaubert
3312:La Rothière
3236:San Marcial
3120:2nd Polotsk
3085:1st Polotsk
3070:Majadahonda
3010:Villagarcia
2939:Campo Maior
2727:Piave River
2652:Ciudad Real
2642:Villafranca
2511:Dos de Mayo
2460:Stralsund I
2212:18 Brumaire
2146:Netherlands
2044:Württemberg
1803:. New York.
1556:Thiers 1884
1526:Thiers 1884
1499:Thiers 1884
1451:Thiers 1884
1436:Marbot 1891
1381:false pride
1134:Marshal Ney
725:Tordesillas
715:Majadahonda
695:3rd Badajoz
670:2nd Badajoz
660:1st Badajoz
638:2nd Almeida
588:1st Almeida
467:Villelongue
368:2nd Almeida
299:1st Almeida
95: /
4117:Categories
4051:Casualties
3965:Schönbrunn
3940:Artlenburg
3689:John Moore
3594:Michel Ney
3463:Scapezzano
3453:Cesenatico
3397:Montmartre
3327:Montmirail
3261:Wartenburg
3216:Großbeeren
3075:Gorodechno
3065:Klyastitsy
3045:Saltanovka
2934:Casal Novo
2807:Hollabrunn
2792:Korneuburg
2586:Somosierra
2490:Copenhagen
2313:Austerlitz
2303:Dürenstein
2039:Westphalia
1982:and allies
1629:References
1302:battalions
1182:Napoleon's
1170:sang-froid
1160:Background
1142:Wellington
730:San Millan
623:Casal Novo
457:2nd Boulou
346:Casal Novo
182:Michel Ney
4015:Casalanza
3990:Tauroggen
3945:Pressburg
3930:Lunéville
3835:conflicts
3668:Coalition
3518:La Suffel
3468:Tolentino
3352:Montereau
3337:Vauchamps
3286:Bornhöved
3241:Dennewitz
3186:Tarragona
3135:Chashniki
3035:Salamanca
2959:Tarragona
2883:Barquilla
2837:Almonacid
2797:Stockerau
2767:Stralsund
2737:2nd Porto
2717:Ebelsberg
2687:Abensberg
2657:1st Porto
2617:Castellón
2601:Benavente
2566:Valmaseda
2480:Friedland
2475:Heilsberg
2445:Ostrołęka
2435:Mohrungen
2369:Magdeburg
2298:Amstetten
2283:Trafalgar
2268:Elchingen
2253:Wertingen
2151:Brunswick
2076:Coalition
1809:cite book
1580:Oman 1911
1568:Oman 1911
1358:Aftermath
1239:divisions
1126:Masséna's
1122:rearguard
710:Salamanca
583:River Côa
571:2nd Porto
556:1st Porto
294:Côa River
289:Barquilla
4086:Uniforms
4000:Chaumont
3918:Treaties
3619:Joseph I
3559:Napoleon
3503:Waterloo
3443:Casaglia
3407:Toulouse
3291:Sehested
3266:Bidassoa
3246:2nd Kulm
3231:1st Kulm
3221:Katzbach
3211:Sorauren
3206:Pyrenees
3171:Castalla
3155:Berezina
3145:Smoliani
3115:Tarutino
3100:Borodino
3090:Valutino
3080:Smolensk
3050:Ostrovno
3020:Maguilla
2984:Valencia
2974:Saguntum
2822:Talavera
2702:Ratisbon
2692:Landshut
2667:Bergisel
2662:Medellín
2576:Espinosa
2536:Valencia
2409:Czarnowo
2379:Pasewalk
2374:Prenzlau
2349:Saalfeld
2288:Caldiero
2258:Günzburg
2136:Sardinia
2111:Portugal
1724:8 August
1414:Condeixa
1251:Montbrun
1247:Marchand
1231:feinting
1215:Condeixa
1130:Portugal
831:Overseas
819:Toulouse
794:Bidassoa
770:Sorauren
755:Pyrenees
745:Pamplona
680:El Bodón
618:Condeixa
561:Amarante
423:Portugal
373:El Bodón
341:Condeixa
326:Olivença
200:Strength
162:Portugal
66:Location
3833:Related
3412:Bayonne
3377:Craonne
3347:Mormant
3307:Brienne
3281:Nivelle
3271:Leipzig
3226:Dresden
3196:Vitoria
3181:Bautzen
3150:Krasnoi
3095:Mesoten
3055:Vitebsk
3015:Almaraz
3005:Badajoz
2964:Albuera
2949:Almeida
2944:Sabugal
2929:Redinha
2919:Barrosa
2898:Bussaco
2893:Almeida
2873:Astorga
2842:Tamames
2802:Gefrees
2757:Alcañiz
2697:Eckmühl
2627:Corunna
2596:Sahagún
2561:Zornoza
2556:Vimeiro
2526:Cabezón
2450:Kolberg
2419:Pułtusk
2414:Golymin
2404:Hamelin
2384:Stettin
2344:Schleiz
2189:Prelude
2181:battles
2156:Hanover
2101:Prussia
2091:Austria
2029:Bavaria
2009:Etruria
2004:Holland
1976:France,
1969:gerents
1298:columns
1255:Reynier
1223:Punhete
1174:Coimbra
1052:Sabugal
1036:Redinha
1004:Bussaco
988:Almeida
908:Vimeiro
824:Bayonne
799:Nivelle
775:Lizasso
735:Vitoria
700:Almaraz
665:Barrosa
633:Sabugal
613:Redinha
593:Bussaco
532:Vimeiro
477:Bascara
472:Capmany
425:in the
356:Sabugal
336:Redinha
310:Bussaco
277:Astorga
212:12 guns
80:40°03′N
4010:Mantua
3960:Cintra
3955:Tilsit
3935:Amiens
3473:Ancona
3458:Pesaro
3428:Panaro
3357:Orthez
3342:Garris
3256:Roßlau
3251:Göhrde
3191:Luckau
3176:Lützen
3140:Vyazma
3110:Burgos
3105:Moscow
3060:Kobryn
2969:Usagre
2924:Pombal
2914:Gebora
2787:Wagram
2747:Tarvis
2722:Girona
2682:Raszyn
2672:Sacile
2581:Tudela
2571:Burgos
2551:Roliça
2546:Bailén
2465:Mileto
2455:Danzig
2394:Lübeck
2359:Erfurt
2278:Verona
2161:Nassau
2141:Sweden
2131:Persia
2116:Sicily
2096:Russia
2078:forces
2061:Persia
2034:Saxony
2019:Naples
1989:France
1967:Belli-
1788:
1715:
1694:
1662:
1643:
1312:Battle
1286:Pombal
1243:Mermet
1227:Loison
1225:under
1211:Pombal
1207:Leiria
1153:Pombal
1120:was a
1087:1807
924:Chaves
892:Roliça
876:Lisbon
842:Guiana
814:Orthez
809:Garris
782:Buenza
740:Tolosa
720:Burgos
675:Usagre
608:Pombal
546:Chaves
527:Roliça
452:Toulon
331:Pombal
316:Sobral
210:25,000
207:6 guns
159:
145:
131:
108:Result
83:8°38′W
4076:Films
3508:Wavre
3498:Ligny
3488:Gaeta
3448:Ronco
3438:Carpi
3402:Paris
3372:Reims
3276:Hanau
2868:Cádiz
2847:Ocaña
2832:Ölper
2777:María
2742:Wörgl
2732:Grijó
2632:Valls
2622:Uclés
2516:Bruch
2440:Eylau
2364:Halle
2339:Maida
2329:Gaeta
2179:Major
2106:Spain
2066:Spain
1999:Italy
1420:Notes
1263:Junot
1235:Tomar
1213:, or
1186:Tagus
1105:1810
1099:1809
1093:1808
972:Porto
956:Grijó
940:Braga
566:Grijó
551:Braga
522:Évora
512:Olhão
491:Malta
205:7,000
4005:Kiel
3995:Ried
3541:Info
3528:Issy
3421:1815
3367:Laon
3300:1814
3164:1813
3030:Ekau
2993:1812
2907:1811
2861:1810
2782:Graz
2772:Raab
2610:1809
2504:1808
2428:1807
2322:1806
2236:1805
1815:link
1786:ISBN
1726:2010
1713:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1245:and
1116:The
1111:1811
804:Nive
760:Maya
429:and
58:Date
3025:Mir
2888:Côa
2273:Ulm
4119::
1811:}}
1807:{{
1599:^
1548:^
1533:^
1518:^
1487:^
1458:^
1443:^
1428:^
1209:,
1895:e
1888:t
1881:v
1817:)
1794:.
1728:.
1700:.
1668:.
1649:.
1241:(
414:e
407:t
400:v
254:e
247:t
240:v
49:.
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