352:, docks and fuel storage depots. Dockworkers were backing the miners by refusing to unload ships carrying coal, and vessels carrying coal destined for power stations were turned away at Cardiff and Middlesbrough docks in the first week of the strike. Schools and private businesses, which due to their limited storage capacities tended not to stockpile large amounts of fuel, also began to close within the first week, unable to provide heating. Under guidelines agreed between the NUM, the NCB and the government, dispensation was given to allow fuel to be transported to "priority consumers" â hospitals, nursing homes for the elderly, and orphanages. Schools were added to the list on 12 January.
439:. It was owned and operated by the West Midlands Gas Board. Prior to the strike, the coke was sold largely to schools and hospitals, and a former manager of the depot described its normal operations as "three lorries a day at most". After the strike was announced, demand increased sharply and the depot began receiving up to 400 vehicles per day. By February, around 30,000 tons of coke had been collected and the stockpile was estimated to hold 100,000 tons. The number of collections had increased to around 700 per day, and traffic around the depot was being disrupted by the queues, up to a mile long, of lorries waiting to get in.
158:
432:
for
Nechells gas works. The Saltley gas works and its "gates" were on the other side of the Saltley Viaduct adjacent to the Nechells works. As local trade unionist Bill Shreeve declared, "The press and the media kept insisting on calling it Saltley Gate and that's gone down in the history books."" Don Perrygrove, a local union official, said: "Next to Saltley gas works there's also a locality where there used to be a tollgate, and that is called "Saltley Gate" and when people were trying to close the gas works... they assumed that it was one and the same."
484:
321:, was only prepared to offer 7.4%. All 289 coal mines in the country ceased production. At the beginning of the strike, it was estimated that there were sufficient stockpiles of fuel to supply national requirements for about 8 weeks. However, the stockpiles were unevenly distributed around the country and fuel was "not necessarily at the places where it was needed." Within days of the strike commencing, the
165:
376:, accepted that, despite exceptional instances of disorder, "the bulk of the picketing that has taken place has certainly been peaceful." Where police and pickets did clash, the confrontations were characterised as "scuffles", amounting to "spirited pushing and shoving." However, tension between pickets and strike-breaking lorry drivers rose on 3 February when Fred Matthews, a miner from the
241:(WMGB) coke plant in Birmingham, where up to 700 vehicles were collecting fuel each day for supply to industry. WMGB argued that as they employed no miners they were not a party to the dispute and so should be allowed to continue supplying their customers. When news of mile-long queues of lorries waiting to collect fuel was published on 3 February in the
392:. Matthews was one of 50 miners manning the picket line. The lorry mounted the pavement, "scattering pickets", and failed to stop after hitting Matthews. Police officers on duty at the picket line had to use cars belonging to miners to pursue the lorry, and brought it to a halt around a mile from the scene of the incident.
447:
The success of the NUM pickets at
Saltley Gate was promoted by Arthur Scargill and many of his supporters as the decisive victory in the 1972 strike and evidence of the effectiveness of solidarity strikes and mass picketing. However, Frank Walters has argued that victory was likely even without the
431:
Gate", the picketed depot was located in the adjacent ward of
Nechells. Robert Kellaway said: "Many commentators have discussed the mythology surrounding the "Battle of Saltley Gate" yet its most obvious myth â its name â has often been overlooked. The confrontation actually took place at the gate
359:
and warning of impending power outages. The problem of unevenly distributed stockpiles had been compounded by the refusal of transport workers carrying the "lighting-up" oil (used to ignite damp pulverised coal) and hydrogen (used to cool generators) to cross picket lines, and at least three power
232:
Having closed every coal mine in the country, the miners' union sought to leverage its position by 'freezing' existing stockpiles of fuel in place, preventing them from being transported to the power stations, businesses and heavy industries that depended on them. By the beginning of
February, the
407:, demanded that the Home Secretary return to Parliament immediately to make a statement. Swain warned: "If there is not an immediate statement by the minister I will go back to my constituency tonight and advocate violence, violence, violence." Members of print union the
221:, said: "Rarely have strikers advanced to the barricades with less enthusiasm or hope of success... The miners have more stacked against them than the Light Brigade in their famous charge." The picketing of the fuel depot â out of which tens of thousands of tons of
448:
success at
Saltley Gate, and Paul Routledge has argued that, in the long-term, the actions were counter-productive by prompting the Conservative Party to adopt a more adversarial attitude towards strikes. The
419:, demanded to know what instructions were being given to strike-breaking drivers and urged the government to intervene in the dispute between the miners and the NCB "before it was too late."
411:'downed tools' and halted production of national newspapers for an hour in protest at Matthews' death. When the Home Secretary returned to Parliament late that night to address the House,
29:
258:
sent hundreds of officers to ensure the depot gates were kept open. Within days, the
Staffordshire pickets' request for assistance was answered by several thousand miners from
266:. By 10 February, the number of pickets and protesters, bolstered by the arrival of unionised workers from other Birmingham industries, had reached upwards of 15,000, and Sir
337:
instructed its members not to cross picket lines, not to operate trains carrying fuel and "not to do anything that could be construed as strike-breaking". On 11 January, the
1700:
342:
408:
404:
285:â until then, "an obscure regional union official" â to national prominence as "a tribune of the working classes... hailed by the British magazine
157:
326:
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fuel were being distributed nationwide â became a pivotal, and symbolic, event during the strike. Forcing its closure secured victory for the
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355:
On 7 February, four weeks into the strike, the effective blockade placed on fuel stockpiles led to the CEGB cutting the voltage across the
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stations which still held reserves of coal had already shut down. A spokesman for the CEGB declared: "We are in a state of siege".
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333:(TUC) was asked to convene a meeting of transport unions to ensure that stockpiles were not transported out of collieries. The
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warned that power outages were imminent. The "last large accessible" stockpile of solid fuel in the country was held by a
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The national strike by coal miners began on 9 January 1972. It was the first official national miners' strike since the
804:
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1405:
1380:
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Vielvoye, Roger (8 January 1972). "Miners' union chief says industrial coal stocks are likely to run down quickly".
737:
Osman, Arthur (8 February 1972). "21 arrests as miners' pickets clash with police in blocking coke lorry convoy".
329:
had asked their members to block any strike-breaking movements of coal and coke into and across
Britain, and the
211:. When the strike began on 9 January 1972, it was generally considered that the miners "could not possibly win."
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With the collieries successfully closed, the miners were now able to focus their efforts on picketing
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of
Birmingham City Police, ordered the depot to close its gates "in the interests of public safety."
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974:(4 January 1972). "Fresh talks to avert pit strike: union chief says sides 'not so far apart'".
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The picketing was largely without incident and relations between pickets and police were good.
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The events are portrayed from the point of view of an AUEW member in
Birmingham in the song
1523:
Re-examining the Battle of
Saltley Gate: interpretations of leadership, violence and legacy
381:
1145:
Hamilton, Alan (7 February 1972). "Power cuts are likely today as coal supplies run out".
8:
1471:
1068:(8 January 1972). "Coal board withdraws pay offers to miners on eve of national strike".
314:
278:
698:
Osman, Arthur (9 February 1972). "Saltley's coke mountain has blood on it, miners say".
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954:(6 January 1972). "Miners reject new pay offer and forecast a long national strike".
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369:
1615:
1241:"Picketing miner killed by lorry as Government moves towards declaring emergency".
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Their numbers proved ineffectual at persuading the lorry drivers to turn back, and
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1601:"The 1972 Miners' Strike: Popular Agency and Industrial Politics in Britain"
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1174:
Hamilton, Alan (2 February 1972). "Power cuts avoided in spite of 'siege'".
1600:
1088:(7 January 1972). "Miners on eve of strike refuse invitation to ministry".
396:
217:
999:(14 January 1972). "Miners reject plea by NCB chief to seek arbitration".
666:(12 January 1972). "Paid pickets will aim to 'freeze' coal at key sites".
435:
Nechells gas works produced coke as a by-product from the manufacture of
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in 1926. The dispute arose from pay negotiations â the miners, led by
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Birmingham and the Miners' Strike: the story of a solidarity movement
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Pickets victory. Closure of the depot for the remainder of the strike
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The picketing and closure of the depot has been called "the miners'
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54:
1369:, A Report by FL Ffoulkes, British Gas Corporation, March 1985 in
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Although the confrontation has come to be known as the "Battle of
1342:"Arthur Scargil: Battle of Saltley Gate a lesson in solidarity"
1125:"Picket miners injured in lorry incident as attitudes harden".
341:
instructed its members to cease working at collieries, and the
483:
858:
Bunyan, Tony (1985). "From Saltley to Orgreave via Brixton".
313:, initially asked for pay rises of between 35â47%, while the
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1310:
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instructed its members not to operate trains carrying fuel.
1425:. Birmingham: Birmingham Trades Union Council. p. 23.
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614:"40 years on from the miners' battle of Saltley Coke works"
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As news of Matthews' death began to spread that evening,
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1261:"Picket's death: Mr Carr urged to act on coal strike".
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area, was struck and killed by a lorry speeding out of
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Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen
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1271:
1267:. No. 58393. London. 4 February 1972. p. 8.
1247:. No. 58393. London. 4 February 1972. p. 1.
1196:
1131:. No. 58374. London. 13 January 1972. p. 2.
1114:. No. 58373. London. 12 January 1972. p. 2.
937:. No. 58368. London. 6 January 1972. p. 11.
779:
409:
National Society of Operative Printers and Assistants
1295:
1054:. No. 58365. London. 3 January 1972. p. 1.
832:
Hope and Glory: A People's History of Modern Britain
708:
479:
1208:
747:
1450:When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies
578:
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905:"Arthur Scargill and the Battle of Saltley Gate"
1701:National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
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291:as one of Britain's leaders of the future."
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1499:Policing Industrial Disputes: 1893 to 1985
1400:. London: Harper Collins. pp. 77â79.
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580:"They won the battle â but lost the war"
537:. Birmingham. 23 January 2012. p. 6
339:Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers
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281:", and brought one of its architects,
247:, a small group of miners from nearby
233:tactic was becoming effective and the
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1037:. No. 58370. London. p. 17.
980:. No. 58366. London. p. 13.
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207:, England, in February 1972 during a
1681:History of Birmingham, West Midlands
1640:Scargill: The Unauthorized Biography
1398:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
1373:Scargill: the unauthorized biography
1180:. No. 58391. London. p. 1.
1151:. No. 58395. London. p. 1.
1094:. No. 58369. London. p. 1.
1074:. No. 58370. London. p. 1.
1005:. No. 58375. London. p. 2.
960:. No. 58368. London. p. 1.
743:. No. 58396. London. p. 2.
704:. No. 58397. London. p. 1.
672:. No. 58373. London. p. 1.
235:Central Electricity Generating Board
1533:: Department of Historical Studies.
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251:set up a picket line at the works.
13:
1686:1970s in Birmingham, West Midlands
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1108:"Scheme to feed 600 pit ponies".
903:Mackie, Phil (10 February 2012).
798:Robertson, Jack (23 April 2010).
1476:The Media and Political Violence
612:Griffin, Jon (23 January 2012).
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452:was the state's response in the
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528:"The Battle of Saltley Gate"
335:National Union of Railwaymen
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503:UK miners' strike (1984â85)
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203:of a fuel storage depot in
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1691:Labour disputes in England
1503:Cambridge University Press
861:Journal of Law and Society
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182:Nechells shown within the
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1520:Kellaway, Robert (2010).
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1545:(2nd ed.). London:
1478:(2nd ed.). London:
1396:Routledge, Paul (1994).
1371:Routledge, Paul (1994).
301:UK miners' strike (1972)
1572:Jackson, Peter (2016).
931:"Miners On The Brink".
834:. London: Ebury Press.
805:International Socialism
490:Organised labour portal
239:West Midlands Gas Board
209:national miners' strike
17:
1696:Miners' labor disputes
1599:Phillips, Jim (2006).
1578:Battle of Saltley Gate
1448:Beckett, Andy (2010).
1421:Mackney, Paul (1987).
808:. No. 126. London
364:Death of Fred Matthews
256:Birmingham City Police
197:Battle of Saltley Gate
85:52.494265°N 1.867888°W
37:Battle of Saltley Gate
30:considered for merging
1531:University of Bristol
1497:Geary, Roger (1985).
417:Shadow Home Secretary
405:Derbyshire North East
331:Trades Union Congress
299:Further information:
1472:Clutterbuck, Richard
1367:The Saltley Incident
382:Keadby Power Station
288:Harper's & Queen
179:class=notpageimage|
90:52.494265; -1.867888
1292:, pp. 121â122.
456:to mass picketing.
454:1984 miners' strike
315:National Coal Board
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1574:"Close the Gates!"
1543:State of Emergency
1539:Sandbrook, Dominic
1480:Palgrave Macmillan
1348:. 10 February 2022
1164:, p. 120-121.
498:Battle of Orgreave
460:In popular culture
450:Battle of Orgreave
423:Nechells gas works
390:North Lincolnshire
133:17 police officers
127:Non-fatal injuries
114:Industrial dispute
45:3â10 February 1972
36:
1653:978-0-006-38077-1
1556:978-0-141-03215-3
1512:978-0-521-30315-6
1489:978-0-333-34492-7
1463:978-0-571-22137-0
841:978-0-091-92648-9
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1350:. Retrieved
1345:
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1329:Beckett 2010
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1302:Beckett 2010
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803:
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622:. Birmingham
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57:, Birmingham
23:
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1352:10 February
311:Joe Gormley
264:South Wales
88: /
63:Coordinates
19:âš The
1665:Categories
1642:. London:
1583:5 November
1452:. London:
1218:Geary 1985
1203:Geary 1985
759:Geary 1985
593:5 November
541:4 November
509:References
386:Scunthorpe
319:Derek Ezra
295:Background
205:Birmingham
136:15 pickets
73:52°29â˛39âłN
1628:1361-9462
1264:The Times
1244:The Times
1177:The Times
1148:The Times
1128:The Times
1111:The Times
1091:The Times
1071:The Times
1051:The Times
1034:The Times
1002:The Times
977:The Times
957:The Times
934:The Times
882:0263-323X
740:The Times
701:The Times
669:The Times
397:Tom Swain
378:Doncaster
279:Agincourt
76:1°52â˛04âłW
28:is being
1638:(1993).
1541:(2011).
1474:(1983).
1431:27219835
1346:BBC News
910:BBC News
830:(2011).
599:InfoTrac
547:InfoTrac
476:See also
437:coal gas
325:and the
199:was the
171:Nechells
55:Nechells
50:Location
32:. âş
21:template
890:1410123
429:Saltley
384:, near
229:(NUM).
144:Arrests
119:Outcome
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443:Impact
415:, the
399:, the
372:, the
270:, the
1604:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
916:5 May
886:JSTOR
812:5 May
626:5 May
514:Notes
111:Cause
1648:ISBN
1624:ISSN
1585:2016
1551:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1427:OCLC
1402:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1354:2022
918:2016
878:ISSN
836:ISBN
814:2016
628:2016
595:2016
543:2016
403:for
262:and
223:coke
195:The
101:Type
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468:by
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