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1308:, where it was surrounded. Wimpffen at 13:00 gave orders for a breakout to the south. The attacks failed completely or did not get going at all and Douay's 7th Corps front line was broken under the weight of German firepower. Douay's left flank had been dug in in two lines of trenches above Floing, their fire keeping the Germans pinned down in the village. By 13:00, the German artillery had destroyed Douay's forces and the German
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1316:'s cavalry squadrons to open an escape route by launching three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Margueritte was mortally wounded leading the very first charge, and the two additional charges were mowed down by German infantry fire at 15:00, the number of French killed and wounded amounting to 791.
1355:
By 14:00, the German infantry had seized the
Calvaire and opened fire on the huddled French masses in the Bois de la Garenne. The Germans then closed in for the kill from all sides. The French 7th Corps under Douay dissolved into a panic-stricken horde, seeking refuge in Sedan while pounded by German
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The fighting continued to spread to the south of the town, and the 8th
Infantry Division was sent to reinforce the Bavarians fighting at La Moncelle, where they had tried to break through the French defense. Fighting began in earnest at 06:00, and the wounded MacMahon had appointed General Ducrot to
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This was the opening engagement, as the French 1st Corps had barricaded the streets, and enlisted the aid of the populace. Von der Tann sent a brigade across pontoon bridges at 04:00 in the early morning mist, the
Bavarians rushing the village and capturing it through surprise. The French Marines of
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By 11:00, Prussian artillery had taken a toll on the French, while more
Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The Prussian V and XI Corps reached their designated positions to the west and north-west of the French army by 07:30 and 09:00, respectively. A French cavalry unit advancing west was
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to deliver a letter of surrender to the
Prussian Royal Headquarters on the hillside above Frénois. Wilhelm and Bismarck read the letter and Bismarck accepted it. Wimpffen attempted a last-ditch negotiation maneuver, seeking an "honorable capitulation" over prisoner-of-war status for the Army of
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command, who received the news at 07:00. Ducrot ordered the retreat that Moltke had expected, but was overruled almost immediately by
General Wimpffen, who had been given a commission by the government to succeed MacMahon were he to become disabled. Wimpffen then threw his forces against the
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Châlons, but Moltke rebuffed him, pointing to the French lack of ammunition and food, the 250,000 troops on the German side against the mere 80,000 fighting for the French and the concentric German position. Wimpffen only received the truce being prolonged until 09:00 on 2 September.
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arrived, and von der Tann decided it was time for a decisive attack. He had not been able to bring artillery to bear from long range, so he committed his last brigade to storm the town, supported by artillery from the other side of the Meuse. His artillery reached
Bazeilles at 09:00.
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The defeat at Sedan and the capture of
Napoleon III and France's second line army, and with the first line French Army shut up in Metz, sealed the doom of France, thus decided the outcome of the war in Prussia's favor. By 19 September, the Prussian Third and Fourth Armies went on to
1026:
Bombarded from all sides by German artillery and with all breakout attempts defeated, the French Army of Châlons capitulated on 2 September, with 104,000 men passing into German captivity along with 558 guns. Napoleon III was taken prisoner, while the French government in
1118:
The
Prussians had repeatedly outmaneuvered the French in the string of victories through August, and the march depleted the French forces and left both flanks exposed. The Prussians, under the command of von Moltke, took advantage of this maneuver to catch the French in a
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Napoleon had ordered MacMahon to break out of the encirclement, and the only point where that seemed possible was La
Moncelle, whose flank was protected by a fortified town. The Prussians also picked La Moncelle as one point where they would mount a breakthrough.
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would offer a major defensive advantage. The French rear was protected by the fortress of Sedan, and offered a defensive position at the Calvaire d'Illy, which had both hills and woods to provide cover for any defense. MacMahon denied a request from General
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The Germans suffered 9,860 casualties, with 1,310 men killed, 6,443 wounded and 2,107 missing. The French Army of Châlons suffered 3,220 killed, 14,811 wounded, and 104,000 captured, along with 558 guns. The French army also lost 1,000 wagons and 6,000
1135:. His intention was to rest the army, which had been involved in a long series of marches, resupply it with ammunition and, in his words, maneuver in front of the enemy. MacMahon underestimated the German strength and believed the hills surrounding
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Doctor Henri Conneau and the Imperial Family in Biarritz or another Illustrious place Milan, 1803 – La Porta, 1877 Private Physician of Queen Hortense and the Bonapartes' Friend Most Faithful, Most Intimate Confidant of Emperor Napoleon
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on 17 August to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. With Napoleon III personally leading the army, and with Marshal MacMahon in attendance, they led the Army of Châlons after 23 August in a left-flanking march northeast towards the
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et la famille impériale à Biarritz, ou en un autre lieu illustre: Milan, 1803 – La Porta, 1877: médecin particulier de la reine Hortense et de la famille Bonaparte: ami le plus fidèle, confident le plus intime de l'empereur Napoléon
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the 1st Corps fought back from stone houses and the Bavarian artillery shelled the buildings into rubble. The combat drew new forces, as French brigades from the 1st, 5th, and 12th Corps arrived. At 08:00 the Prussian
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Moltke divided his forces into three groups: one to detain the French where they were, another to race forward and catch them if they retreated, and a third (the smallest force) to hold the river bank. The Saxon
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Nonstop German artillery fire on the helpless French infantry and artillery and Prussian attacks from the northwest and east and Bavarian attacks from the southwest drove the Army of Châlons north into the
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After a major defeat in which he lost 7,500 men and 40 cannons, MacMahon aborted the planned link-up with Bazaine and ordered the Army of Châlons to withdraw north-west towards the obsolete 17th-century
1360:. The Bois de la Garenne was subject to constant German artillery fire from multiple sides and when the Prussian Guards infantry captured the forest at 14:30, the French survivors inside it surrendered
1430:
said, "Why didn't he kill himself?" The same day, a group of protesters stormed the Imperial palace and the Second French Empire collapsed in a bloodless revolution, leading to the creation of a
1411:. The French soldiers marched under heavy rain to an improvised German POW camp, where they starved for the next week. On 3 September, Napoleon III left for a comfortable captivity in
1422:
The capture of the French emperor left the Prussians without an opposing government willing to make a quick peace. Commenting on the difficult situation, two days after news hit
1473:(Day of Sedan) on each 2 September until 1919. The Kaiser himself refused to declare 2 September an official holiday; instead, it became an unofficial day of celebration.
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and pressed the Bavarians and the Saxons. With the taking of Bazeilles at 08:00, and the arrival of fresh waves of Prussian troops, the counter-attack began to collapse.
1123:. Leaving the Prussian First and Second Armies besieging Metz, Moltke took the Prussian Third and Fourth Armies northward where they caught up with the French at the
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By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III terminated the attacks. He hoisted the white flag on the fortress walls of Sedan and sent General
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slaughtered by Prussian infantry and artillery fire. The Prussian artillery batteries took up positions along slopes overlooking the French army.
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Upon arrival in the vicinity of Sedan on 31 August, MacMahon deployed Douay's 7th Corps to the north-west on the crest between the Calvaire and
83:
503:
1237:, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Fourth Armies, which totaled 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons, and 774 guns.
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and the Prussian XI Corps was assigned to the task, and General Baron von der Tann was ordered to attack Bazeilles on the right flank.
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Photograph taken during the Battle of Sedan. Supposedly the first photograph ever taken of an active land battle
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turned Douay's left flank, defeating all counterattacks by French infantry and lancers. Douay directed General
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This article is about the Battle of Sedan in the Franco-Prussian War. For the World War II battle, see
1155:'s 1st Corps faced east, while Lebrun's 12th Corps garrisoned Bazeilles. The recently arrived General
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By the next day, at 11:30 on 2 September, Wimpffen signed the surrender of himself and the entire
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artillery. Ducrot's 1st Corps was routed by the artillery of the Saxon XII Corps and the Prussian
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
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at La Moncelle. This led to a brief rally for the French, who drove back the artillery around
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The movements of the French and German armies from 23 to 29 August. Red: French, Blue: Germans
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border in an attempt to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine.
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completed the encirclement of the French army to the north-west by 0900 on 1 September.
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1015:. Marshal MacMahon was wounded during the attacks and command passed to General
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and over a hundred thousand troops, it effectively decided the war in favour of
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The Nest in the Altar or Reminiscences of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870
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which would carry on the war for five more months before becoming the
1419:. The French prisoners of war viewed his departure with indifference.
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at the Battle of Sedan on 1 September 1870. It was kept at the former
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2012:
The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871
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Detailed plan of the battle of Sedan, fought 1st September 1870
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after being captured in the Battle of Sedan (1878 painting by
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and accompanied by Napoleon III, was attempting to lift the
2128:, whose protagonist Jean Macquart takes part in the battle.
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across the Meuse to secure their way across. The Prussian
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from 1 to 2 September 1870. Resulting in the capture of
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1242:"We are in the chamber pot and about to be shat upon."
1973:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
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The battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202
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The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870–71
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960:and its allies, though fighting continued under a
2034:The Moltke Myth: Prussian War Planning, 1857–1871
1465:In recognition of the role this battle played in
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1990:1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History
1175:, with the Prussian Guards on their right. The
2091:] (in French). Biarritz: Bernard, Hervé.
1094:troops of the First and Second Armies in the
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2120:The battle of Sedan features prominently in
2065:reprinted by Chapter Two, London in 1999,
1968:
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16:1870 battle during the Franco-Prussian War
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1213:"Now we have them in the mousetrap."
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1426:of Emperor Napoleon III's capture,
1090:where it was surrounded by 168,435
1031:continued the war and proclaimed a
49:Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan
13:
2166:Battles of the Franco-Prussian War
1159:assumed command of 5th Corps from
1035:on 4 September. The German armies
14:
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1299:The Prussian Guards at the battle
1071:After its pyrrhic victory at the
999:and accompanied by Prussian King
2191:History of Ardennes (department)
1098:beginning on 19 August. Emperor
986:Fourth Army and defeated at the
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2040:: University Press of America.
1508:Pascal Olivier Count de Negroni
1432:Government of National Defense
1161:Pierre Louis Charles de Failly
1033:Government of National Defense
1:
2201:Frederick III, German Emperor
2186:Military history of Grand Est
2014:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis.
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758:Chat Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais
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123:Surrender and Abdication of
7:
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1369:André Charles Victor Reille
1323:A mural painted in 1884 by
1019:, until assumed by General
990:on 30 August. Commanded by
982:, only to be caught by the
10:
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1469:, many Germans celebrated
1335:'s letter of surrender to
1181:General Baron von der Tann
1157:Emmanuel FĂ©lix de Wimpffen
1021:Emmanuel FĂ©lix de Wimpffen
967:The 130,000-strong French
152:North German Confederation
18:
2181:Battles involving Prussia
2171:Battles involving Bavaria
2139:The French Army 1600–1900
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1171:crossed the Meuse to the
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453:
408:
218:
136:
59:
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33:
28:
2176:Battles involving France
1314:Jean Auguste Margueritte
1248:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1153:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1106:, formed the new French
1080:François Achille Bazaine
1017:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1003:and Prussian Chancellor
392:Jean Auguste Margueritte
354:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
275:Albert, Prince of Saxony
1969:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
1257:Prince George of Saxony
1191:engineers deployed two
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1177:I Royal Bavarian Corps
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1013:battle of annihilation
948:was fought during the
219:Commanders and leaders
21:Battle of Sedan (1940)
2196:September 1870 events
2108:. London: Macmillan.
1988:Grant, R. G. (2017).
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1436:French Third Republic
1383:
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1265:8th Infantry Division
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1102:, along with Marshal
1067:Situation about 10 AM
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962:new French government
467:Casualties and losses
1413:Schloss Wilhelmshöhe
1073:Battle of Gravelotte
993:Generalfeldmarschall
954:Emperor Napoleon III
99:49.70000°N 4.94444°E
1992:. Chartwell Books.
1846:, pp. 171–172.
1819:, pp. 170–171.
1790:, pp. 169–170.
1766:, pp. 167–168.
1614:, pp. 162–163.
1602:, pp. 161–163.
1502:The Last Cartridges
1104:Patrice de MacMahon
976:Patrice de MacMahon
950:Franco-Prussian War
858:Nuits Saint Georges
522:Franco-Prussian War
287:Ludwig von der Tann
95: /
36:Franco-Prussian War
2104:Horne, A. (1965).
2077:Hervé, B. (2008).
1467:German Unification
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1393:Wilhelm Camphausen
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1306:Bois de la Garenne
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1233:squadrons and 564
1219:Helmuth von Moltke
1125:Battle of Beaumont
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997:Helmuth von Moltke
988:Battle of Beaumont
250:Helmuth von Moltke
67:1–2 September 1870
53:Wilhelm Camphausen
2161:Conflicts in 1870
1496:Ceintures de Lyon
1389:Otto von Bismarck
1133:fortress of Sedan
1084:Army of the Rhine
1039:on 19 September.
1005:Otto von Bismarck
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788:Beaune-la-Rolande
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263:Friedrich Wilhelm
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1387:conversing with
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1561:Clodfelter 2017
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1401:Army of Châlons
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1229:battalions, 80
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1193:pontoon bridges
1121:pincer movement
1108:Army of Châlons
1082:'s 154,481-man
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971:, commanded by
969:Army of Châlons
946:Battle of Sedan
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448:Army of Châlons
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137:Belligerents
125:Napoleon III
118:
48:
34:Part of the
2079:Le docteur
1953:Howard 1961
1941:Howard 1961
1922:Howard 1961
1903:Howard 1961
1888:Howard 1961
1861:Howard 1961
1844:Howard 1961
1832:Howard 1961
1817:Howard 1961
1805:Howard 1961
1788:Howard 1961
1776:Howard 1961
1764:Howard 1961
1752:Howard 1961
1737:Howard 1961
1725:Howard 1961
1704:Howard 1961
1692:Howard 1961
1673:Howard 1961
1650:Howard 1961
1635:Howard 1961
1612:Howard 1961
1600:Howard 1961
1585:Howard 1961
1573:Howard 1961
1457:lit up on "
1341:Ruhmeshalle
1331:delivering
1286:La Moncelle
1142:FĂ©lix Douay
910:St. Quentin
888:Villersexel
818:Chateauneuf
668:Nompatelize
624:Noisseville
560:Lichtenberg
540:Wissembourg
535:SaarbrĂĽcken
434:Fourth Army
102: /
2150:Categories
2126:La Débâcle
2122:Émile Zola
2021:0246635878
2008:Howard, M.
1873:Zuber 2008
1540:Grant 2017
1519:References
1477:Casualties
1043:Background
920:Pontarlier
763:Thionville
723:Le Bourget
698:Châteaudun
596:Gravelotte
580:Strasbourg
565:Phalsbourg
424:Third Army
87:49°42′00″N
2124:'s novel
2114:490599556
2097:762872292
1524:Citations
1376:Aftermath
1185:Bazeilles
1183:moved to
1169:XII Corps
1001:Wilhelm I
828:Beaugency
803:Villepion
743:Coulmiers
683:Châtillon
629:Bazeilles
545:Spicheren
236:Wilhelm I
90:4°56′40″E
2032:(2008).
2010:(1961).
1490:See also
1471:Sedantag
1459:Sedantag
1428:his wife
1407:and the
1362:en masse
1327:depicts
1227:infantry
1201:XI Corps
1189:Bavarian
1187:and the
1092:Prussian
984:Prussian
833:Fréteval
798:Villiers
773:Mézières
703:SĂ©lestat
673:Bellevue
663:Chevilly
646:Soissons
641:Montmédy
619:Beaumont
454:Strength
79:, France
72:Location
1231:cavalry
1113:Belgian
1077:Marshal
973:Marshal
958:Prussia
900:Lisaine
894:Le Mans
878:Bapaume
873:PĂ©ronne
853:Epuisay
848:Longeau
838:VendĂ´me
813:Orléans
738:La Fère
733:Belfort
678:Artenay
609:Buzancy
459:200,000
398:†
357: (
336: (
315: (
197:Bavaria
167:Prussia
2112:
2095:
2069:
2044:
2018:
1996:
1977:
1484:horses
1417:Kassel
1405:Moltke
1345:Berlin
1282:Saxons
1207:Battle
1179:under
1173:Chiers
1149:Floing
905:Longwy
883:Rocroi
868:Hallue
843:Pesmes
793:Varize
783:Amiens
748:Havana
688:Verdun
658:Sceaux
614:Nouart
570:Marsal
555:Bitche
394:
376:
309:
209:
194:
182:Saxony
179:
164:
149:
115:Result
2086:[
1424:Paris
1415:near
1137:Sedan
1029:Paris
1011:in a
1009:Sedan
863:Tours
823:Buchy
768:Ladon
753:Dreux
728:Dijon
713:Ognon
652:Paris
635:Sedan
550:Wörth
77:Sedan
51:, by
2110:OCLC
2093:OCLC
2067:ISBN
2042:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1453:The
1235:guns
1199:and
1088:Metz
944:The
718:Gray
603:Metz
585:Toul
64:Date
2089:III
2084:III
1403:to
1343:in
360:POW
339:WIA
318:POW
2152::
2036:.
1929:^
1910:^
1895:^
1880:^
1851:^
1824:^
1795:^
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1680:^
1657:^
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1532:^
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2002:.
1983:.
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1351:.
1197:V
512:e
505:t
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363:)
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321:)
55:.
23:.
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