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1327:'s cavalry squadrons to open an escape route by launching three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Margueritte was mortally wounded leading the very first charge, and the two additional charges were mowed down by German infantry fire at 15:00, the number of French killed and wounded amounting to 791.
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By 14:00, the German infantry had seized the
Calvaire and opened fire on the huddled French masses in the Bois de la Garenne. The Germans then closed in for the kill from all sides. The French 7th Corps under Douay dissolved into a panic-stricken horde, seeking refuge in Sedan while pounded by German
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The fighting continued to spread to the south of the town, and the 8th
Infantry Division was sent to reinforce the Bavarians fighting at La Moncelle, where they had tried to break through the French defense. Fighting began in earnest at 06:00, and the wounded MacMahon had appointed General Ducrot to
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This was the opening engagement, as the French 1st Corps had barricaded the streets, and enlisted the aid of the populace. Von der Tann sent a brigade across pontoon bridges at 04:00 in the early morning mist, the
Bavarians rushing the village and capturing it through surprise. The French Marines of
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By 11:00, Prussian artillery had taken a toll on the French, while more
Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The Prussian V and XI Corps reached their designated positions to the west and north-west of the French army by 07:30 and 09:00, respectively. A French cavalry unit advancing west was
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to deliver a letter of surrender to the
Prussian Royal Headquarters on the hillside above Frénois. Wilhelm and Bismarck read the letter and Bismarck accepted it. Wimpffen attempted a last-ditch negotiation maneuver, seeking an "honorable capitulation" over prisoner-of-war status for the Army of
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command, who received the news at 07:00. Ducrot ordered the retreat that Moltke had expected, but was overruled almost immediately by
General Wimpffen, who had been given a commission by the government to succeed MacMahon were he to become disabled. Wimpffen then threw his forces against the
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Châlons, but Moltke rebuffed him, pointing to the French lack of ammunition and food, the 250,000 troops on the German side against the mere 80,000 fighting for the French and the concentric German position. Wimpffen only received the truce being prolonged until 09:00 on 2 September.
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arrived, and von der Tann decided it was time for a decisive attack. He had not been able to bring artillery to bear from long range, so he committed his last brigade to storm the town, supported by artillery from the other side of the Meuse. His artillery reached
Bazeilles at 09:00.
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The defeat at Sedan and the capture of
Napoleon III and France's second line army, and with the first line French Army shut up in Metz, sealed the doom of France, thus decided the outcome of the war in Prussia's favor. By 19 September, the Prussian Third and Fourth Armies went on to
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Bombarded from all sides by German artillery and with all breakout attempts defeated, the French Army of Châlons capitulated on 2 September, with 104,000 men passing into German captivity along with 558 guns. Napoleon III was taken prisoner, while the French government in
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The
Prussians had repeatedly outmaneuvered the French in the string of victories through August, and the march depleted the French forces and left both flanks exposed. The Prussians, under the command of von Moltke, took advantage of this maneuver to catch the French in a
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Napoleon had ordered MacMahon to break out of the encirclement, and the only point where that seemed possible was La
Moncelle, whose flank was protected by a fortified town. The Prussians also picked La Moncelle as one point where they would mount a breakthrough.
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would offer a major defensive advantage. The French rear was protected by the fortress of Sedan, and offered a defensive position at the Calvaire d'Illy, which had both hills and woods to provide cover for any defense. MacMahon denied a request from General
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The Germans suffered 9,860 casualties, with 1,310 men killed, 6,443 wounded and 2,107 missing. The French Army of Châlons suffered 3,220 killed, 14,811 wounded, and 104,000 captured, along with 558 guns. The French army also lost 1,000 wagons and 6,000
1146:. His intention was to rest the army, which had been involved in a long series of marches, resupply it with ammunition and, in his words, maneuver in front of the enemy. MacMahon underestimated the German strength and believed the hills surrounding
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Doctor Henri Conneau and the Imperial Family in Biarritz or another Illustrious place Milan, 1803 – La Porta, 1877 Private Physician of Queen Hortense and the Bonapartes' Friend Most Faithful, Most Intimate Confidant of Emperor Napoleon
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on 17 August to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. With Napoleon III personally leading the army, and with Marshal MacMahon in attendance, they led the Army of Châlons after 23 August in a left-flanking march northeast towards the
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et la famille impériale à Biarritz, ou en un autre lieu illustre: Milan, 1803 – La Porta, 1877: médecin particulier de la reine Hortense et de la famille Bonaparte: ami le plus fidèle, confident le plus intime de l'empereur Napoléon
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the 1st Corps fought back from stone houses and the Bavarian artillery shelled the buildings into rubble. The combat drew new forces, as French brigades from the 1st, 5th, and 12th Corps arrived. At 08:00 the Prussian
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Moltke divided his forces into three groups: one to detain the French where they were, another to race forward and catch them if they retreated, and a third (the smallest force) to hold the river bank. The Saxon
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Nonstop German artillery fire on the helpless French infantry and artillery and Prussian attacks from the northwest and east and Bavarian attacks from the southwest drove the Army of Châlons north into the
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After a major defeat in which he lost 7,500 men and 40 cannons, MacMahon aborted the planned link-up with Bazaine and ordered the Army of Châlons to withdraw north-west towards the obsolete 17th-century
1371:. The Bois de la Garenne was subject to constant German artillery fire from multiple sides and when the Prussian Guards infantry captured the forest at 14:30, the French survivors inside it surrendered
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said, "Why didn't he kill himself?" The same day, a group of protesters stormed the Imperial palace and the Second French Empire collapsed in a bloodless revolution, leading to the creation of a
1422:. The French soldiers marched under heavy rain to an improvised German POW camp, where they starved for the next week. On 3 September, Napoleon III left for a comfortable captivity in
1433:
The capture of the French emperor left the Prussians without an opposing government willing to make a quick peace. Commenting on the difficult situation, two days after news hit
1484:(Day of Sedan) on each 2 September until 1919. The Kaiser himself refused to declare 2 September an official holiday; instead, it became an unofficial day of celebration.
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and pressed the Bavarians and the Saxons. With the taking of Bazeilles at 08:00, and the arrival of fresh waves of Prussian troops, the counter-attack began to collapse.
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By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III terminated the attacks. He hoisted the white flag on the fortress walls of Sedan and sent General
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slaughtered by Prussian infantry and artillery fire. The Prussian artillery batteries took up positions along slopes overlooking the French army.
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Upon arrival in the vicinity of Sedan on 31 August, MacMahon deployed Douay's 7th Corps to the north-west on the crest between the Calvaire and
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and the Prussian XI Corps was assigned to the task, and General Baron von der Tann was ordered to attack Bazeilles on the right flank.
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Photograph taken during the Battle of Sedan. Supposedly the first photograph ever taken of an active land battle
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turned Douay's left flank, defeating all counterattacks by French infantry and lancers. Douay directed General
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This article is about the Battle of Sedan in the Franco-Prussian War. For the World War II battle, see
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By the next day, at 11:30 on 2 September, Wimpffen signed the surrender of himself and the entire
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artillery. Ducrot's 1st Corps was routed by the artillery of the Saxon XII Corps and the Prussian
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
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at La Moncelle. This led to a brief rally for the French, who drove back the artillery around
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The movements of the French and German armies from 23 to 29 August. Red: French, Blue: Germans
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border in an attempt to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine.
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completed the encirclement of the French army to the north-west by 0900 on 1 September.
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and over a hundred thousand troops, it effectively decided the war in favour of
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1472:" in 1898. In English, the sign reads "What a change through God's guidance"
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The Nest in the Altar or Reminiscences of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870
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which would carry on the war for five more months before becoming the
1430:. The French prisoners of war viewed his departure with indifference.
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at the Battle of Sedan on 1 September 1870. It was kept at the former
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The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871
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Detailed plan of the battle of Sedan, fought 1st September 1870
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after being captured in the Battle of Sedan (1878 painting by
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and accompanied by Napoleon III, was attempting to lift the
2139:, whose protagonist Jean Macquart takes part in the battle.
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across the Meuse to secure their way across. The Prussian
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from 1 to 2 September 1870. Resulting in the capture of
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1253:"We are in the chamber pot and about to be shat upon."
1984:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
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The battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202
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The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870–71
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971:and its allies, though fighting continued under a
2045:The Moltke Myth: Prussian War Planning, 1857–1871
1476:In recognition of the role this battle played in
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2001:1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History
1186:, with the Prussian Guards on their right. The
2102:] (in French). Biarritz: Bernard, Hervé.
1105:troops of the First and Second Armies in the
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2131:The battle of Sedan features prominently in
2076:reprinted by Chapter Two, London in 1999,
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1224:"Now we have them in the mousetrap."
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1437:of Emperor Napoleon III's capture,
1101:where it was surrounded by 168,435
1042:continued the war and proclaimed a
60:Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan
24:
2177:Battles of the Franco-Prussian War
1170:assumed command of 5th Corps from
1046:on 4 September. The German armies
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1310:The Prussian Guards at the battle
1082:After its pyrrhic victory at the
1010:and accompanied by Prussian King
2202:History of Ardennes (department)
1109:beginning on 19 August. Emperor
997:Fourth Army and defeated at the
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2051:: University Press of America.
1519:Pascal Olivier Count de Negroni
1443:Government of National Defense
1172:Pierre Louis Charles de Failly
1044:Government of National Defense
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1:
2212:Frederick III, German Emperor
2197:Military history of Grand Est
2025:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis.
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769:Chat Chateauneuf-en-Thimerais
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134:Surrender and Abdication of
7:
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1380:André Charles Victor Reille
1334:A mural painted in 1884 by
1030:, until assumed by General
1001:on 30 August. Commanded by
993:, only to be caught by the
10:
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1480:, many Germans celebrated
1346:'s letter of surrender to
1192:General Baron von der Tann
1168:Emmanuel FĂ©lix de Wimpffen
1032:Emmanuel FĂ©lix de Wimpffen
978:The 130,000-strong French
163:North German Confederation
29:
2192:Battles involving Prussia
2182:Battles involving Bavaria
2150:The French Army 1600–1900
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1182:crossed the Meuse to the
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2187:Battles involving France
1325:Jean Auguste Margueritte
1259:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1164:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1117:, formed the new French
1091:François Achille Bazaine
1028:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
1014:and Prussian Chancellor
403:Jean Auguste Margueritte
365:Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
286:Albert, Prince of Saxony
1980:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
1268:Prince George of Saxony
1202:engineers deployed two
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1188:I Royal Bavarian Corps
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1024:battle of annihilation
959:was fought during the
230:Commanders and leaders
32:Battle of Sedan (1940)
18:Battle of Sedan (1870)
2207:September 1870 events
2119:. London: Macmillan.
1999:Grant, R. G. (2017).
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1447:French Third Republic
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1276:8th Infantry Division
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1113:, along with Marshal
1078:Situation about 10 AM
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973:new French government
478:Casualties and losses
1424:Schloss Wilhelmshöhe
1084:Battle of Gravelotte
1004:Generalfeldmarschall
965:Emperor Napoleon III
110:49.70000°N 4.94444°E
2003:. Chartwell Books.
1857:, pp. 171–172.
1830:, pp. 170–171.
1801:, pp. 169–170.
1777:, pp. 167–168.
1625:, pp. 162–163.
1613:, pp. 161–163.
1513:The Last Cartridges
1115:Patrice de MacMahon
987:Patrice de MacMahon
961:Franco-Prussian War
869:Nuits Saint Georges
533:Franco-Prussian War
298:Ludwig von der Tann
106: /
47:Franco-Prussian War
2115:Horne, A. (1965).
2088:Hervé, B. (2008).
1478:German Unification
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1136:Battle of Beaumont
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999:Battle of Beaumont
261:Helmuth von Moltke
78:1–2 September 1870
64:Wilhelm Camphausen
2172:Conflicts in 1870
1507:Ceintures de Lyon
1400:Otto von Bismarck
1144:fortress of Sedan
1095:Army of the Rhine
1050:on 19 September.
1016:Otto von Bismarck
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1132:pincer movement
1119:Army of Châlons
1093:'s 154,481-man
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957:Battle of Sedan
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483:1,310 killed
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148:Belligerents
136:Napoleon III
129:
59:
45:Part of the
2090:Le docteur
1964:Howard 1961
1952:Howard 1961
1933:Howard 1961
1914:Howard 1961
1899:Howard 1961
1872:Howard 1961
1855:Howard 1961
1843:Howard 1961
1828:Howard 1961
1816:Howard 1961
1799:Howard 1961
1787:Howard 1961
1775:Howard 1961
1763:Howard 1961
1748:Howard 1961
1736:Howard 1961
1715:Howard 1961
1703:Howard 1961
1684:Howard 1961
1661:Howard 1961
1646:Howard 1961
1623:Howard 1961
1611:Howard 1961
1596:Howard 1961
1584:Howard 1961
1468:lit up on "
1352:Ruhmeshalle
1342:delivering
1297:La Moncelle
1153:FĂ©lix Douay
921:St. Quentin
899:Villersexel
829:Chateauneuf
679:Nompatelize
635:Noisseville
571:Lichtenberg
551:Wissembourg
546:SaarbrĂĽcken
445:Fourth Army
113: /
2161:Categories
2137:La Débâcle
2133:Émile Zola
2032:0246635878
2019:Howard, M.
1884:Zuber 2008
1551:Grant 2017
1530:References
1488:Casualties
1054:Background
931:Pontarlier
774:Thionville
734:Le Bourget
709:Châteaudun
607:Gravelotte
591:Strasbourg
576:Phalsbourg
435:Third Army
98:49°42′00″N
2135:'s novel
2125:490599556
2108:762872292
1535:Citations
1387:Aftermath
1196:Bazeilles
1194:moved to
1180:XII Corps
1012:Wilhelm I
839:Beaugency
814:Villepion
754:Coulmiers
694:Châtillon
640:Bazeilles
556:Spicheren
247:Wilhelm I
101:4°56′40″E
2043:(2008).
2021:(1961).
1501:See also
1482:Sedantag
1470:Sedantag
1439:his wife
1418:and the
1373:en masse
1338:depicts
1238:infantry
1212:XI Corps
1200:Bavarian
1198:and the
1103:Prussian
995:Prussian
844:Fréteval
809:Villiers
784:Mézières
714:SĂ©lestat
684:Bellevue
674:Chevilly
657:Soissons
652:Montmédy
630:Beaumont
465:Strength
90:, France
83:Location
1242:cavalry
1124:Belgian
1088:Marshal
984:Marshal
969:Prussia
911:Lisaine
905:Le Mans
889:Bapaume
884:PĂ©ronne
864:Epuisay
859:Longeau
849:VendĂ´me
824:Orléans
749:La Fère
744:Belfort
689:Artenay
620:Buzancy
470:200,000
409:†
368: (
347: (
326: (
208:Bavaria
178:Prussia
2123:
2106:
2080:
2055:
2029:
2007:
1988:
1495:horses
1428:Kassel
1416:Moltke
1356:Berlin
1293:Saxons
1218:Battle
1190:under
1184:Chiers
1160:Floing
916:Longwy
894:Rocroi
879:Hallue
854:Pesmes
804:Varize
794:Amiens
759:Havana
699:Verdun
669:Sceaux
625:Nouart
581:Marsal
566:Bitche
405:
387:
320:
220:
205:
193:Saxony
190:
175:
160:
126:Result
2097:[
1435:Paris
1426:near
1148:Sedan
1040:Paris
1022:in a
1020:Sedan
874:Tours
834:Buchy
779:Ladon
764:Dreux
739:Dijon
724:Ognon
663:Paris
646:Sedan
561:Wörth
88:Sedan
62:, by
2121:OCLC
2104:OCLC
2078:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1464:The
1246:guns
1210:and
1099:Metz
955:The
729:Gray
614:Metz
596:Toul
75:Date
2100:III
2095:III
1414:to
1354:in
371:POW
350:WIA
329:POW
2163::
2047:.
1940:^
1921:^
1906:^
1891:^
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1835:^
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2013:.
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1362:.
1208:V
523:e
516:t
509:v
374:)
353:)
332:)
66:.
34:.
20:)
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