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881:), where the British fleet would have difficulty bringing its superior firepower to bear, and where the inferior seamanship of his relatively unskilled sailors would have a minimal negative effect. Some of Arnold's captains wanted to fight in open waters where they might be able to retreat to the shelter of Fort Crown Point, but Arnold argued that the primary purpose of the fleet was not survival but the delay of a British advance on Crown Point and Ticonderoga until the following spring.
1636:
1305:
599:. Its 120-mile (190 km) length and 12-mile (19 km) maximum width creates more than 550 miles (890 km) of shoreline, with many bays, inlets, and promontories. More than 70 islands dot the 435-square-mile (1,130 km) surface, although during periods of low and high water, these numbers can change. The lake is relatively shallow, with an average depth of 64 feet (20 m). Flowing south to north, the lake empties into the
3601:
663:). While planning Quebec's defenses in 1775, General Carleton had anticipated the problem of transportation on Lake Champlain, and had requested the provisioning of prefabricated ships from Europe. By the time Carleton's army reached Saint-Jean, ten such ships had arrived. These ships and more were assembled by skilled shipwrights on the upper Richelieu River. Also assembled there was the
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Arnold decided to try reaching the cover of Fort Crown Point, about 35 miles (56 km) to the south. Under the cover of a dark and foggy night, the fleet, with muffled oars and minimal illumination, threaded its way through a gap about one mile (1.6 km) wide between the
British ships and the western shore, where Indian campfires burned. By morning, they had reached
877:, carefully chose the site where he wanted to meet the British fleet. Reliable intelligence he received on October 1 indicated that the British had a force significantly more powerful than his. Because his force was inferior, he chose the narrow, rocky body of water between the western shore of Lake Champlain and Valcour Island (near modern
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Arnold, convinced that Crown Point was no longer viable as a point of defense against the large
British force, destroyed and abandoned the fort, moving the forces stationed there to Ticonderoga. General Carleton, rather than shipping his prisoners back to Quebec, returned them to Ticonderoga under a
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on both
Valcour Island and the lakeshore, in order to deny the Americans the possibility of retreating to land. As darkness fell, the American fleet retreated, and the British called off the attack, in part because some boats had run out of ammunition. Lieutenant James Hadden, commanding one of the
451:
On
October 11, Arnold drew the British fleet to a position he had carefully chosen to limit their advantages. In the battle that followed, many of the American ships were damaged or destroyed. That night, Arnold sneaked the American fleet past the British one, beginning a retreat toward Crown Point
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and recuperating from serious wounds received at
Saratoga. Congress found that he owed it money since he could not produce receipts for expenses he claimed to have paid from his own funds. Although Arnold had already been secretly negotiating with the British over a change of allegiance since May
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With control of the lake, the
British landed troops and occupied Crown Point the next day. They remained for two weeks, pushing scouting parties to within three miles (4.8 km) of Ticonderoga. The battle-season was getting late as the first snow began to fall on October 20 and his supply line
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When the sun set on
October 11, the battle had clearly gone against the Americans. Most of the American ships were damaged or sinking, and the crews reported around 60 casualties. The British reported around 40 casualties on their ships. Aware that he could not defeat the British fleet,
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was also abandoned on the western shore and eventually taken by the
British. Around 2:00 pm, the fleet sailed again, trying to make headway against biting winds, rain, and sleet. By the following morning, the ships were still more than 20 miles (32 km) from Crown Point, and the British
737:
Arnold took up the task with relish, and Gates rewarded him with command of the fleet, writing that " has a perfect knowledge in maritime affairs, and is, besides, a most gallant and deserving officer." Arnold's appointment was not without trouble; Jacobus
Wynkoop, who had been in command of the
667:, a 180-ton warship they disassembled at Quebec City and transported upriver in pieces. In total, the British fleet (25 armed vessels) had more firepower than the Americans' 15 vessels, with more than 80 guns outweighing the 74 smaller American guns. Two of Carleton's ships,
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and including 50 unarmed support vessels, sailed onto Lake
Champlain on October 9. They cautiously advanced southward, searching for signs of Arnold's fleet. On the night of October 10, the fleet anchored about 15 miles (24 km) to the north of Arnold's position, still unaware of his
745:
While both sides busied themselves with shipbuilding, the growing American fleet patrolled the waters of Lake Champlain. At one point in August, Arnold sailed part of the fleet to the northernmost end of the lake, within 20 miles (32 km) of Saint-Jean, and formed a battle line. A British
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was to have important consequences later in his career. For a variety of reasons, Congress ordered an inquiry into his conduct of the Quebec campaign, which included a detailed look at his claims for compensation. The inquiry took place in late 1779, when Arnold was in military command of
971:, became a focus of attention. A lucky shot eventually snapped the line holding her broadside in position, and she was seriously damaged before she could be towed out of range of the American line. Her casualties were significant; eight men were killed and another eight wounded. The young
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90 miles (140 km) to the north. Roads were either difficult or nonexistent, making water transport on the lake the best option. The only ships on the lake after the American retreat from Quebec were a small fleet of lightly armed ships that Benedict Arnold had assembled following the
718:. By the end of July there were more than 200 shipwrights at Skenesborough. In addition to skilled help, materials and supplies specific to maritime use needed to be brought to Skenesborough, where the ships were constructed, or Fort Ticonderoga, where they were fitted out for use.
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wrote a letter criticizing Captain Pringle for making Arnold's escape possible by failing to properly blockade the channel, and for not being more aggressive in directing the battle. Apparently the letter did not cause any career problems for Pringle or its authors; he and
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fleet, refused to accept that Gates had authority over him and had to be arrested. The shipbuilding was significantly slowed in mid-August by an outbreak of disease among the shipwrights. Although the army leadership had been scrupulous about keeping people infected with
452:
and Ticonderoga. Unfavorable weather hampered the American retreat, and more of the fleet was either captured or grounded and burned before it could reach Crown Point. Upon reaching Crown Point Arnold had the fort's buildings burned and retreated to Ticonderoga.
448:, but needed to build a fleet to carry it on the lake. The Americans, during their retreat, had either taken or destroyed most of the ships on the lake. By early October, the British fleet, which significantly outgunned the American fleet, was ready for launch.
1034:, about 8 miles (13 km) south. Carleton, upset that the Americans had escaped him, immediately sent his fleet around Valcour Island to find them. Realizing the Americans were not there, he regrouped his fleet and sent scouts to find Arnold.
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in June 1776 after British forces were massively reinforced. They spent the summer of 1776 fortifying those forts and building additional ships to augment the small American fleet already on the lake. General Carleton had a 9,000 man army at
1073:, where the waters were too shallow for the larger British vessels to follow. These boats were then run aground, stripped, and set on fire, with their flags still flying. Arnold, the last to land, personally torched his flagship
729:
that were used for transport on the lake. The process eventually came to involve General Arnold, who was an experienced ship's captain, and David Waterbury, a Connecticut militia leader with maritime experience. Major General
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During their retreat from Quebec, the Americans carefully took or destroyed all ships on Lake Champlain that might prove useful to the British. When Arnold and his troops, making up the rear guard of the army, abandoned
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eventually came far enough up the strait to participate in the action. Around 12:30 pm, the battle began in earnest, with both sides firing broadsides and cannonades at each other, and continued all afternoon.
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had to pay extremely high wages to lure skilled craftsmen away from the coast. The carpenters hired to build boats on Lake Champlain were the best-paid employees of the navy, excepting only the Navy's Commodore,
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1639:
Contemporary watercolor drawing of the British line of battle by Charles Randle. Title of the painting: His Majesty's Vessels on Lake Champlain commanded by Commodore Thomas Pringle, R.N., including the ships
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was unable to fight the headwinds, and ran aground on the southern tip of Valcour Island. Some of the British gunboats swarmed toward her, as Captain Hawley and his men hastily abandoned ship. Men from
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549 on 8 January stating that all US Navy ships were to be referred to as "The name of such vessel, preceded by the words, United States Ship, or the letters U.S.S., and by no other words or letters".
1308:
Contemporary watercolor drawing of the American line of battle by Charles Randle. Drawing is titled as follows: New England Armed Vessels in Valcure Bay, Lake Champlain commanded by Benedict Arnold.
725:), and the outfitting was managed by military engineer Jeduthan Baldwin. Schuyler began work in April to produce boats larger and more suitable for combat than the small shallow-draft boats known as
1275:, was declared a National Historic Landmark on January 1, 1961, and added to the National Register on October 15, 1966. A small stone monument commemorating the battle sits on the mainland along
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656:, they burned or sank all the boats they could not use, and set fire to the sawmill and the fort. These actions effectively denied the British any hope of immediately moving onto the lake.
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1194:, which he sought with the intention of facilitating its surrender to the British. His plot was however exposed in September 1780, at which time he fled to the British in New York City.
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as a potential avenue for British forces to attack and divide the rebellious colonies and was at the time lightly defended. The invasion reached a peak on December 31, 1775, when the
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boarded her, capturing 20 men in the process, but were then forced to abandon her under heavy fire from the Americans. Many of Arnold's papers were lost with the destruction of
910:
to draw the attention of the British. Following an inconsequential exchange of fire with the British, the two ships tried to return to Arnold's crescent-shaped firing line. However,
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734:, in charge of the entire shipbuilding effort, eventually asked Arnold to take more responsibility in the effort, because "I am intirely uninform'd as to Marine Affairs."
271:
1058:, which were in the rear of the American fleet. Arnold first decided to attempt grounding the slower gunboats at Split Rock, 18 miles (29 km) short of Crown Point.
3015:"Valcour Bay Research Project: 1999–2004 Results from the Archaeological Investigation of a Revolutionary War Battlefield in Lake Champlain, Clinton County, New York"
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4788:
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3132:(This book is primarily about Arnold's service on the American side in the Revolution, giving overviews of the periods before the war and after he changes sides.)
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flag of truce. On their arrival, the released men were so effusive in their praise of Carleton that they were sent home to prevent the desertion of other troops.
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outpost, well out of range, fired a few shots at the line without effect. On September 30, expecting the British to sail soon, Arnold retreated to the shelter of
264:
78:
1793:, p. 33. Note that from the early beginnings of the U.S. Navy there had been no standard method of referring to U.S. Navy ships until 1907, when President
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from those farther south and potentially quash the rebellion. Lake Champlain, a long and relatively narrow lake formed by the action of glaciers during the
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location. The next day, they continued to sail south, assisted by favorable winds. After they passed the northern tip of Valcour Island, Arnold sent out
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in Carleton's army, noted that, "If we could have begun our expedition four weeks earlier, I am satisfied that everything could have ended this year."
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fleet's masts were visible on the horizon. When the wind finally changed, the British had its advantage first. They closed once again, opening fire on
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1077:. The surviving ships' crews, numbering about 200, then made their way overland to Crown Point, narrowly escaping an Indian ambush. There they found
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3187:(This work contains detailed specifications for most of the watercraft used in this action, as well as copies of draft documents for some of them.)
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675:(six 24-pound guns, six 12-pound guns, and two howitzers), by themselves outgunned the combined firepower of the American fleet. In addition to
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The two sides set about building fleets: the British at Saint-Jean and the Americans at the other end of the lake in Skenesborough (present-day
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would be difficult to manage in winter, so Carleton decided to withdraw north to winter quarters; Arnold's plan of delay had succeeded.
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Arnold then led many of the remaining smaller craft into a small bay on the Vermont shore now named Arnold's Bay 2 miles south of
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of the Hudson River. Elimination of these defenses required the transportation of troops and supplies from the British-controlled
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ended in disaster for the Americans. In the spring of 1776, 10,000 British and German troops arrived in Quebec, and General
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s hull, which he successfully raised in 1934. Stored for more than fifty years, the remains were sold by his son to the
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The Battle of Lake Champlain: A "Brilliant and Extraordinary Victory" Volume 49 of Campaigns and Commanders Series
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finally reached the action. Her big guns quickly silenced most of Arnold's fleet. The British also began landing
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1845:, p. 57) indicates that ideal strength to fully man it was closer to 800, another figure that is sometimes cited.
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Cohn, Arthur B.; Kane, Adam I.; Sabick, Christopher R.; Scollon, Edwin R.; Clement, Justin B. (March 2007).
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Adverse winds as well as damaged and leaky boats slowed the American fleet's progress. At Schuyler Island,
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segregated from others, the disease that slowed the shipbuilding for several weeks was some kind of fever.
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Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books. A Journal Kept in Canada and Upon Burgoyne's Campaign in 1776 and 1777
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1971:
Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books. A Journal Kept in Canada and Upon Burgoyne's Campaign in 1776 and 1777
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Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books. A Journal Kept in Canada and Upon Burgoyne's Campaign in 1776 and 1777
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and a history buff, began searching the strait for remains of the battle. In 1932 he found the remains of
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The shipbuilding at Skenesborough was overseen by Hermanus Schuyler (possibly a relation of Major General
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British gunboats, noted that "little more than one third of the British Fleet" saw much action that day.
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1779, this news contributed to his decision to resign the command of Philadelphia. His next command was
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s remains, sitting upright on the lake bottom. He raised her that year; she is now on display at the
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in May 1775. This fleet, even if it had been in British hands, was too small to transport the large
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James P. Millard's detailed historical charts, list of ships, period images, and modern photographs
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for his success at Valcour Island. On December 31, 1776, one year after the Battle of Quebec, a
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Detail of a 1777 French map showing Lake Champlain. Valcour Island is below and to the left of
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Arnold, whose business activities before the war had included sailing ships to Europe and the
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The American generals leading their shipbuilding effort encountered a variety of challenges.
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1165:, became admirals, as did midshipman Pellew and Lieutenant Dacres. Carleton was awarded the
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were unable to make headway against the winds, and did not participate in the battle, while
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1241:, has claimed ownership of the remains and would like them returned to upstate New York.
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1869:, on page 27 shows an image of a contemporary British draft document describing the
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was not a common occupation in the relative wilderness of upstate New York, and the
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were sunk or burned, and crude repairs were effected to other vessels. The cutter
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was held in celebration of the British success, and Carleton threw a grand ball.
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1841:, p. 53) that he has about 500 "half naked" sailors. An analysis of his fleet (
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552:, the provincial governor, drove the Continental Army out of Quebec and back to
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was not present at the battle, having been sent to Ticonderoga for provisions.
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702:(6 guns), and 20 single-masted gunboats each armed with two cannons.
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In 1997, another pristine underwater wreck was located during a survey by the
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563:, whose navigable length begins south of Lake Champlain and extends down to
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Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving the United States
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and Fort Ticonderoga near the lake's southern end protected access to the
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The British fleet included four officers who later became admirals in the
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750:. During his patrols of the lake Arnold had commanded the fleet from the
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68:
3523:"The Battle of Valcour Island: A Burst Cannon Reflects a Moment in Time"
1821:. The Battle of Valcour Island placed in sequence and strategic context.
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Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain
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The Cousins' Wars: Religion, Politics, and the Triumph of Anglo-America
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Benedict Arnold: Revolutionary Hero (An American Warrior Reconsidered)
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4352:
3448:"National Historic Landmark summary listing – Philadelphia (gundelo)"
1784:
One destroyed October 11; many others damaged, two lost after action
1629:, pp. 15–16, unless otherwise cited. Ship captains are all as cited.
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Detail from the map shown below highlighting the scene of the action
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763:. When it came time for the battle, Arnold transferred his flag to
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Ship descriptions and dispositions (but not captains) provided by
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was also heavily damaged and eventually sank around 6:30 pm.
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1286:. Two years later it was conclusively identified as the gundalow
1133:. Burgoyne's subsequent surrender paved the way for the entry of
800:
588:
376:, was a naval engagement that took place on October 11, 1776, on
3049:(Reprinted ed.). Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons. pp.
1974:(Reprinted ed.). Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons. pp.
3600:
1922:(Reprinted ed.). Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons. p.
1134:
726:
559:
Carleton then launched his own offensive intended to reach the
408:. Most of the ships in the American fleet under the command of
385:
6178:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in New York (state)
1701:
1620:
Sank October 12 near Schuyler Island; wreck located in 1997
3562:
Rebels Under Sail: The American Navy During the Revolution
3467:"National Historic Landmark summary listing – Valcour Bay"
3194:
Sea of Glory: The Continental Navy fights for Independence
2990:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press.
4532:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
2988:
The Gondola Philadelphia and the Battle of Lake Champlain
1233:. As of March 2009, the remains were in a city garage in
1097:, which had just arrived with supplies from Ticonderoga.
1093:, all of which had escaped the British fleet, as well as
967:, whose guns wrought havoc against the smaller American
785:, also two-masted schooners carrying 8 guns, as well as
575:. This strategy would separate the American colonies of
3673:
2828:
Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Issue 313 (1937)
396:. The battle is generally regarded as one of the first
4143:
3087:
Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War
607:
in Quebec mark the northernmost point of navigation.
16:
First naval battles of the American Revolutionary War
2028:For detailed treatment of the background, see e.g.
942:then maneuvered within range of the American line.
3367:
3084:
6134:
3506:. Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. Archived from
3504:"Shipwrecks of Lake Champlain: Gunboat Spitfire"
3398:Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Issue 313
2728:
2726:
2115:
2113:
1860:
1857:was basically a keelless raft rigged as a ketch.
475:. Valcour Bay, the site of the battle, is now a
2272:
2154:
2152:
2137:
1244:In 1935, Hagglund followed up his discovery of
127:
5980:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
4130:
3428:. Lake Champlain Basin Program. Archived from
3167:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2733:Shipwrecks of Lake Champlain: Gunboat Spitfire
2074:
4116:
3659:
3343:. Vol. 2. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
2723:
2539:
2537:
2403:
2401:
2337:
2335:
2308:
2284:
2110:
1831:
1819:American Revolutionary War §Early Engagements
1383:Seth Warner (left flag, Edward Wigglesworth)
1218:In the 1930s, Lorenzo Hagglund, a veteran of
416:force under the overall direction of General
272:
3628:The Story of Lake Champlain's Valcour Island
3222:Quebec 1775: The American Invasion of Canada
2524:
2522:
2485:
2483:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2376:
2374:
2149:
2125:
2098:
2086:
2039:
1873:, where it is clearly readable by that name.
1789:Ship descriptions and dispositions are from
1660:, as well as a long boat and some gun boats.
1410:John Thatcher (right flag, David Waterbury)
1211:was raised in 1935. It is on display at the
1180:The loss of Benedict Arnold's papers aboard
1066:and surrender; 110 men were taken prisoner.
5093:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
2641:"Arnold's Flagship Raised On Old Tar Drums"
2574:
2456:
2425:
2386:
2248:
2012:
2010:
2008:
5970:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
4224:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
4123:
4109:
3666:
3652:
3224:. Hook, Adam . Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
2966:A Naval History of the American Revolution
2797:
2701:
2534:
2398:
2359:
2332:
2022:
1995:
1993:
1885:
1814:List of American Revolutionary War battles
1263:in Washington, D.C., and is listed on the
279:
265:
4033:Washington calls off invasion of New York
3413:"War Ship Remains Piled in City Garage".
3288:
2969:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
2712:
2675:
2649:
2622:
2549:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2480:
2468:
2437:
2413:
2371:
2347:
2320:
2296:
2260:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
1897:
759:, carrying 12 guns and captained by
3246:
2005:
1949:
1937:
1634:
1303:
1201:
1018:
998:; detail shown above is outlined in red.
989:
925:
888:
609:
508:
3873:Battle of Freeman's Farm (1st Saratoga)
3469:. National Park Service. Archived from
3450:. National Park Service. Archived from
3400:. Albany: New York State Museum. 1937.
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2692:
2690:
2671:"War Ship Remains Piled in City Garage"
2666:
2664:
2571:for a treatment of Burgoyne's campaign.
1990:
1692:Participated in later stages of battle
897:Carleton's fleet, commanded by Captain
6135:
5975:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War
3883:Battle of Bemis Heights (2nd Saratoga)
3878:Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
3623:Battle of Valcour Island with pictures
3486:"National Register Information System"
3340:Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony
3042:
1967:
1915:
5887:
5812:
5740:
5311:
4647:
4481:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
4142:
4104:
4090:Washington's Farewell to His Officers
4059:Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh
3647:
3165:Warships of the Great Lakes 1754–1834
528:, widened in September 1775 when the
524:, which began in April 1775 with the
404:, and one of the first fought by the
286:
260:
6090:Daughters of the American Revolution
5888:
4440:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
3491:National Register of Historic Places
3271:Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor
3068:Fort Ticonderoga, Key to a Continent
2934:Naval History & Heritage Command
2910:
2898:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2833:
2809:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2697:National Register Information System
2687:
2661:
1265:National Register of Historic Places
773:. Other ships in the fleet included
493:National Register of Historic Places
6085:Children of the American Revolution
5965:Timeline of the American Revolution
3767:Submarine attack in New York Harbor
3675:New York in the American Revolution
3421:
2936:. 29 September 1997. Archived from
2887:
2737:
2708:NHL Description of USS Philadelphia
2057:
1732:Did not participate in main action
1710:Did not participate in main action
1261:National Museum of American History
1213:National Museum of American History
923:, which was burned by the British.
13:
4746:European allies of King George III
4602:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
4537:Committee of Secret Correspondence
4199:No taxation without representation
3548:
3502:
2732:
1544:Ran aground and burned October 13
1507:Ran aground and burned October 13
1493:Ran aground and burned October 13
1455:Ran aground and burned October 13
1366:Ran aground and burned October 11
1299:
14:
6189:
6112:Museum of the American Revolution
3593:
2058:Lake Champlain Basin Fact Sheet#3
1778:28 unnamed gunboats (gunboat, 1)
622:The American-held strongholds of
569:captured in the New York campaign
540:. The province was viewed by the
6163:Battles of the Canadian campaign
6000:Continental Currency dollar coin
5985:Women in the American Revolution
3752:New York and New Jersey campaign
3599:
3309:
3295:. University of Oklahoma Press.
3268:Randall, Willard Sterne (1990).
2143:
2119:
1626:
526:Battles of Lexington and Concord
412:were captured or destroyed by a
380:. The main action took place in
185:
173:
162:
143:
129:
37:
6095:Sons of the American Revolution
3535:from the original on 2022-10-09
3521:
3446:
3162:
2955:
2922:
2893:
2821:
2707:
2634:
2613:
2604:
2601:Randall (1990), pp. 456–457,499
2595:
2586:
2561:
2278:
2092:
2062:
2051:
1866:
1848:
5995:Continental currency banknotes
5083:Staten Island Peace Conference
3772:Staten Island Peace Conference
3639:Lake Champlain Maritime Museum
3614:from the National Park Service
3465:
3336:
3219:
3022:Lake Champlain Maritime Museum
2719:NHL Description of Valcour Bay
2718:
2033:
1961:
1909:
1903:
1891:
1284:Lake Champlain Maritime Museum
1:
5813:
4789:German supporters of Congress
4487:Massachusetts Circular Letter
3919:Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
3120:. New York University Press.
3065:
3043:Hadden, James Murray (1884).
2580:
2431:
2080:
2045:
1968:Hadden, James Murray (1884).
1916:Hadden, James Murray (1884).
1879:
1837:Arnold writes in a dispatch (
498:
491:, located in 1997, is on the
4470:Committees of correspondence
3635:Valcour Bay Research Project
3528:. America's Historic Lakes.
3396:
3365:
3310:Silverstone, Paul H (2006).
3267:
3114:Martin, James Kirby (1997).
3082:
2985:
2827:
2803:
2681:
2655:
2628:
2568:
2543:
2528:
2513:
2501:
2407:
2392:
2365:
2341:
2326:
2302:
2158:
2131:
2104:
2068:
2029:
1955:
1943:
1842:
1838:
1279:overlooking Valcour Island.
1125:, led by Lieutenant General
1100:
7:
6107:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
5312:
5138:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
5123:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
4897:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
4552:Declaration of Independence
4517:Second Continental Congress
3762:New York Prison Ships begin
3731:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
3694:First Liberty poles erected
3555:
3312:The Sailing Navy, 1775–1854
3220:Morrissey, Brendan (2003).
3190:
3163:Malcolmson, Robert (2001).
3135:
3113:
3083:Ketchum, Richard M (1997).
2916:
2904:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2815:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2610:Randall (1990), pp. 508–509
2592:Randall (1990), pp. 497–499
2555:
2489:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2419:
2380:
2353:
2314:
2290:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2016:
1807:
1790:
1748:Heavily damaged October 11
1271:. The site of the battle,
637:capture of Fort Ticonderoga
628:uppermost navigable reaches
542:Second Continental Congress
513:Quebec's Governor, General
10:
6194:
5990:Financial costs of the war
4497:First Continental Congress
4348:Royal Proclamation of 1763
4293:Second Rockingham ministry
4132:American Revolutionary War
3899:Setauket Spy Ring launched
3289:Schroeder, John H (2015).
3274:. William Morrow and Inc.
2962:
1999:
1269:National Historic Landmark
1014:
671:(18 12-pounders) and
646:
522:American Revolutionary War
502:
477:National Historic Landmark
402:American Revolutionary War
31:American Revolutionary War
5957:
5926:
5902:
5898:
5883:
5844:Constitutional Convention
5824:Society of the Cincinnati
5819:
5808:
5733:
5628:
5472:
5465:
5410:
5329:
5322:
5318:
5307:
5264:
5186:
5172:
5146:
5113:Carlisle Peace Commission
5075:
4947:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
4876:
4801:
4754:
4721:
4684:
4677:
4673:
4643:
4612:Hutchinson letters affair
4579:
4562:Articles of Confederation
4422:
4409:Proclamation of Rebellion
4321:
4273:First Rockingham ministry
4250:
4217:All men are created equal
4156:
4152:
4138:
4085:British evacuate New York
4072:
4051:
4016:
4008:Battle of Fort St. George
3973:
3937:
3891:
3838:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
3820:
3812:Battle of Fort Washington
3744:
3723:
3707:
3681:
3412:
3197:. New York: David McKay.
3140:. New York: McGraw Hill.
3070:. Boston: Little, Brown.
3066:Hamilton, Edward (1964).
3012:
2963:Allen, Gardner W (1913).
2882:
2670:
1788:
1684:(square-rigged ship, 22)
1624:
1231:National Civil War Museum
1197:
938:The British gunboats and
930:The action shortly after
884:
683:, the fleet included the
505:Invasion of Quebec (1775)
298:
224:
197:
155:
121:
50:
36:
28:
23:
6173:1776 in New York (state)
6143:Clinton County, New York
5108:Entry of France into war
4723:Kingdom of Great Britain
3797:Battle of Valcour Island
3792:Execution of Nathan Hale
3782:Battle of Harlem Heights
3612:Other maritime landmarks
3606:Battle of Valcour Island
3370:Canada Invaded 1775–1776
3366:Stanley, George (1973).
3337:Smith, Justin H (1907).
3247:Phillips, Kevin (1999).
3136:Nelson, James L (2006).
3091:. New York: Henry Holt.
2986:Bratten, John R (2002).
2894:America's Historic Lakes
1825:
1448:James Arnold (flagship,
1294:Save America's Treasures
1235:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
803:(each with three guns):
370:Battle of Valcour Island
44:Battle of Valcour Island
24:Battle of Valcour Island
5839:Ratification Day (1784)
5164:Second Anglo-Mysore War
4848:Northern after Saratoga
4828:New York and New Jersey
4502:Continental Association
4399:Conciliatory Resolution
4258:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
4231:Consent of the governed
4028:runs aground at Montauk
4003:Battle of Klock's Field
3981:Battle of Young's House
3914:Attack on German Flatts
3868:Battle of Staten Island
3567:Charles Scribner's Sons
3314:. New York: CRC Press.
3191:Miller, Nathan (1974).
1721:John Starke (flagship,
1344:Hospital ship, escaped
1257:Smithsonian Institution
6100:Sons of the Revolution
5829:Treaty of Paris (1783)
5159:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
5154:Cherokee–American wars
4767:Franco-American Treaty
4622:Philadelphia Tea Party
4592:Treaty of Paris (1763)
4571:Confederation Congress
4164:American Enlightenment
3965:Boyd and Parker ambush
3929:Cherry Valley massacre
3909:West Point established
3807:Battle of White Plains
3802:Battle of Pell's Point
3787:Great Fire of New York
3138:Benedict Arnold's Navy
2619:Martin (1997), pp. 1–4
1661:
1471:Ran aground October 13
1309:
1248:with the discovery of
1215:
1026:
999:
935:
894:
854:, and the row galleys
619:
603:, where waterfalls at
517:
247:3 gundalows destroyed
156:Commanders and leaders
6045:Washington's Birthday
5850:The Federalist Papers
5834:Evacuation Day (1783)
4887:Lexington and Concord
4587:French and Indian War
4527:Olive Branch Petition
4038:Battle of Fort Slongo
3945:Battle of Stony Point
3848:Siege of Fort Stanwix
3757:Battle of Long Island
3715:Battle of Golden Hill
3557:Fowler Jr., William M
3496:National Park Service
1638:
1473:Recovered by British
1307:
1239:Plattsburgh, New York
1205:
1123:1777 British campaign
1022:
994:1776 map of Northern
993:
929:
892:
879:Plattsburgh, New York
643:to Fort Ticonderoga.
613:
512:
374:Battle of Valcour Bay
241:1 schooner destroyed
225:Casualties and losses
94:44.61056°N 73.43028°W
6050:Jefferson's Birthday
6040:Pulaski Memorial Day
5047:Guilford Court House
4698:Continental Congress
4475:Committees of safety
4450:Daughters of Liberty
4445:Virginia Association
4194:Rights of Englishmen
3904:Battle of Cobleskill
3858:Battle of Bennington
3777:Landing at Kip's Bay
3608:at Wikimedia Commons
3374:. Toronto: Hakkert.
1525:Also referred to as
1523:Recovered by British
1521:Abandoned October 13
1415:Captured October 13
1394:Also referred to as
1267:and is designated a
698:(12 guns), and
593:Adirondack Mountains
372:, also known as the
237:80 killed or wounded
232:1 gunboat destroyed
230:40 killed or wounded
5178:colony or location)
5133:Newburgh Conspiracy
4992:Sullivan Expedition
4512:Provincial Congress
4303:Fox–North coalition
4242:Settler colonialism
4189:Freedom of religion
4146:American Revolution
4080:Newburgh Conspiracy
4043:Battle of Johnstown
3955:Sullivan Expedition
3843:Battle of Fort Anne
1666:
1314:
1131:Battles of Saratoga
661:Whitehall, New York
632:St. Lawrence Valley
431:had retreated from
323:Arnold's expedition
251:1 gundalow captured
245:2 galleys captured
243:1 galley destroyed
99:44.61056; -73.43028
90: /
6080:Semiquincentennial
6005:Libertas Americana
4435:Stamp Act Congress
4325:Acts of Parliament
4298:Shelburne ministry
4268:Grenville ministry
3998:conspiracy exposed
3986:First Purple Heart
3950:Battle of Minisink
3863:Battle of Setauket
3853:Battle of Oriskany
3736:Invasion of Canada
3699:Stamp Act Congress
2883:Cohn et al. (2007)
2144:Silverstone (2006)
2120:Silverstone (2006)
1795:Theodore Roosevelt
1670:Ship (type, guns)
1664:
1662:
1627:Silverstone (2006)
1413:Damaged October 11
1318:Ship (type, guns)
1312:
1310:
1216:
1027:
1000:
936:
895:
692:, (14 guns),
620:
538:Province of Quebec
518:
406:United States Navy
6148:Conflicts in 1776
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
5879:
5878:
5866:Shays's Rebellion
5804:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5729:
5728:
5696:Richard Henry Lee
5461:
5460:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5147:Related conflicts
5017:Connecticut Farms
4797:
4796:
4690:Thirteen Colonies
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4098:
4097:
3960:Battle of Newtown
3833:Saratoga campaign
3604:Media related to
3576:978-0-684-14583-9
3381:978-0-88866-578-2
3350:978-0-306-70633-2
3321:978-0-415-97872-9
3231:978-1-84176-681-2
3147:978-0-07-146806-0
3098:978-0-8050-6123-9
3031:on April 16, 2012
2997:978-1-58544-147-1
2940:on 3 January 2015
2930:"USN Ship Naming"
2644:Popular Mechanics
2279:Malcolmson (2001)
2093:Malcolmson (2001)
1867:Malcolmson (2001)
1805:
1804:
1763:Edward Longcroft
1633:
1632:
1541:Samuel Mansfield
1407:(row galley, 10)
1167:Order of the Bath
1114:, commanding the
1064:strike her colors
959:was heavily hit;
795:(12 guns), and 8
571:by Major General
363:
362:
290:Canadian campaign
255:
254:
249:3 gundalows sunk
117:
116:
6185:
6070:Sesquicentennial
6030:Independence Day
5934:Founding Fathers
5900:
5899:
5885:
5884:
5810:
5809:
5738:
5737:
5470:
5469:
5327:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5308:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5007:Cape St. Vincent
4682:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4645:
4644:
4617:Boston Tea Party
4542:Halifax Resolves
4492:Suffolk Resolves
4283:Grafton ministry
4278:Chatham ministry
4174:Colonial history
4154:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4101:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3603:
3588:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3499:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3393:
3373:
3362:
3333:
3306:
3285:
3264:
3243:
3216:
3186:
3159:
3131:
3110:
3090:
3079:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3024:. Archived from
3019:
3009:
2982:
2971:Houghton Mifflin
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2034:Morrissey (2003)
2026:
2020:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1892:Schroeder (2005)
1889:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1835:
1667:
1663:
1604:Sank October 13
1570:prior to launch
1465:(row galley, 6)
1445:(row galley, 8)
1315:
1311:
1254:
1228:
1144:The captains of
1139:an American ally
1137:into the war as
711:Continental Navy
624:Fort Crown Point
583:, separates the
554:Fort Ticonderoga
546:Battle of Quebec
530:Continental Army
441:Fort Crown Point
437:Fort Ticonderoga
429:Continental Army
293:
291:
281:
274:
267:
258:
257:
190:
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188:
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148:
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105:
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100:
95:
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88:
87:
86:
83:
58:October 11, 1776
52:
51:
46:, Unknown artist
41:
21:
20:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6116:
6055:Von Steuben Day
5953:
5922:
5894:
5875:
5815:
5792:
5734:Colonial allies
5725:
5624:
5457:
5418:King George III
5406:
5314:
5291:
5260:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5168:
5142:
5071:
5052:Lochry's Defeat
4937:Assunpink Creek
4927:Fort Washington
4872:
4806:
4804:
4793:
4784:Hortalez et Cie
4755:Colonial allies
4750:
4717:
4686:United Colonies
4669:
4631:
4597:Boston Massacre
4575:
4566:Perpetual Union
4522:United Colonies
4455:Sons of Liberty
4418:
4326:
4324:
4323:Related British
4317:
4246:
4148:
4144:Origins of the
4134:
4129:
4099:
4094:
4068:
4064:Newburgh letter
4047:
4012:
3969:
3933:
3924:Carleton's Raid
3887:
3816:
3740:
3719:
3703:
3689:Sons of Liberty
3677:
3672:
3596:
3591:
3577:
3551:
3549:Further reading
3546:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3513:
3511:
3498:. July 9, 2010.
3484:
3476:
3474:
3457:
3455:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3423:"Fact Sheet #3"
3415:WHTM Television
3382:
3351:
3322:
3303:
3282:
3261:
3253:. Basic Books.
3232:
3205:
3175:
3148:
3128:
3099:
3056:
3054:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3017:
2998:
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2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2581:Hamilton (1964)
2579:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2438:
2432:Hamilton (1964)
2430:
2426:
2418:
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2406:
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2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2081:Hamilton (1964)
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2052:
2046:Hamilton (1964)
2044:
2040:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1904:Phillips (1999)
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1810:
1799:Executive Order
1740:(schooner, 12)
1718:(schooner, 14)
1601:Isaiah Simonds
1587:
1586:Sank October 11
1563:
1561:
1560:Cannon exploded
1524:
1522:
1518:Captain Grimes
1490:Captain Sumner
1472:
1468:Captain Daviss
1450:Benedict Arnold
1414:
1393:
1392:prior to launch
1387:
1313:American fleet
1302:
1300:Order of battle
1252:
1226:
1200:
1171:King George III
1103:
1032:Schuyler Island
1024:Benedict Arnold
1017:
1002:Toward sunset,
975:, serving as a
887:
723:Philip Schuyler
654:Fort Saint-Jean
649:
601:Richelieu River
585:Green Mountains
536:of the British
507:
501:
446:Fort Saint-Jean
410:Benedict Arnold
366:
365:
364:
359:
294:
289:
287:
285:
250:
248:
246:
244:
242:
240:
238:
234:2 gunboats sunk
233:
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210:
208:
206:
204:
192:Benedict Arnold
186:
184:
174:
172:
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163:
161:
144:
142:
130:
128:
113:British victory
98:
96:
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79:
77:
76:
75:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6191:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6168:Lake Champlain
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6060:Minor holidays
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
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5946:
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5936:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5891:Related topics
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5861:Bill of Rights
5858:
5853:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
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5820:
5817:
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5806:
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5727:
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5713:
5708:
5703:
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5349:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5324:
5316:
5315:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5265:Loyal colonies
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5251:South Carolina
5248:
5243:
5238:
5236:North Carolina
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5188:Rebel colonies
5181:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Sint Eustatius
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5088:"First Salute"
5085:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5032:Kings Mountain
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:Harlem Heights
4919:
4914:
4912:Valcour Island
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
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4855:
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4727:
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4719:
4718:
4716:
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4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4679:
4671:
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4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4637:
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4632:
4630:
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4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Lee Resolution
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4465:Black Patriots
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4313:Black Loyalist
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4288:North ministry
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3988:
3983:
3977:
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3971:
3970:
3968:
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3916:
3911:
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3875:
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3818:
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3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
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3754:
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3718:
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3705:
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3702:
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3696:
3691:
3685:
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3679:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3609:
3595:
3594:External links
3592:
3590:
3589:
3575:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3519:
3500:
3482:
3463:
3444:
3419:
3410:
3394:
3380:
3363:
3349:
3334:
3320:
3307:
3302:978-0806149097
3301:
3286:
3280:
3265:
3260:978-0465013692
3259:
3244:
3230:
3217:
3203:
3188:
3173:
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2951:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2886:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2804:Bratten (2002)
2796:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2722:
2711:
2700:
2686:
2682:Bratten (2002)
2674:
2660:
2656:Bratten (2002)
2648:
2633:
2629:Bratten (2002)
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2573:
2569:Ketchum (1997)
2560:
2548:
2544:Stanley (1973)
2533:
2529:Bratten (2002)
2518:
2514:Bratten (2002)
2506:
2502:Bratten (2002)
2494:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2436:
2424:
2412:
2408:Stanley (1973)
2397:
2393:Bratten (2002)
2385:
2370:
2366:Stanley (1973)
2358:
2346:
2342:Stanley (1973)
2331:
2327:Bratten (2002)
2319:
2307:
2303:Bratten (2002)
2295:
2293:, pp. 169, 172
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2159:Stanley (1973)
2148:
2136:
2132:Stanley (1973)
2124:
2109:
2105:Stanley (1973)
2097:
2085:
2073:
2069:Ketchum (1997)
2061:
2050:
2038:
2030:Stanley (1973)
2021:
2004:
1989:
1960:
1956:Bratten (2002)
1948:
1944:Bratten (2002)
1936:
1908:
1896:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1859:
1847:
1843:Bratten (2002)
1839:Bratten (2002)
1829:
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1802:
1786:
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1711:
1708:
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1694:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1665:British fleet
1631:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:(gundalow, 3)
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:(gundalow, 3)
1590:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1580:(gundalow, 3)
1572:
1571:
1558:
1555:
1554:(gundalow, 3)
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:(gundalow, 3)
1530:
1529:
1519:
1516:
1515:(gundalow, 3)
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:(gundalow, 3)
1495:
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1345:
1342:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1301:
1298:
1237:. The city of
1199:
1196:
1112:Baron Riedesel
1102:
1099:
1071:Buttonmold Bay
1016:
1013:
996:Lake Champlain
899:Thomas Pringle
886:
883:
748:Valcour Island
648:
645:
503:Main article:
500:
497:
461:Thomas Pringle
394:Valcour Island
378:Lake Champlain
361:
360:
358:
357:
352:
350:Trois-Rivières
347:
342:
336:
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200:
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195:
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182:
180:Thomas Pringle
158:
157:
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140:
124:
123:
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118:
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114:
111:
107:
106:
73:Lake Champlain
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6190:
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6176:
6174:
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6156:
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6149:
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6144:
6141:
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6138:
6131:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
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6098:
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6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6035:Patriots' Day
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6010:Commemoration
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5949:Yankee Doodle
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5811:
5807:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5778:de Rochambeau
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5306:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:New Hampshire
5219:
5217:
5216:Massachusetts
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4868:Naval battles
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4803:Campaigns and
4800:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:Gaspee affair
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Bute ministry
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:Spirit of '76
4209:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Republicanism
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3510:on 2010-07-07
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3473:on 2011-06-06
3472:
3468:
3464:
3454:on 2011-06-06
3453:
3449:
3445:
3435:on 2010-09-26
3431:
3424:
3420:
3417:. 2009-03-03.
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3281:1-55710-034-9
3277:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3204:0-679-50392-7
3200:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3174:1-55750-910-7
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3127:0-8147-5560-7
3123:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2917:Nelson (2006)
2913:
2906:
2905:Nelson (2006)
2901:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2871:Nelson (2006)
2867:
2860:
2859:Nelson (2006)
2855:
2848:
2847:Nelson (2006)
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2816:Nelson (2006)
2812:
2805:
2800:
2793:
2792:Nelson (2006)
2788:
2781:
2780:Nelson (2006)
2776:
2769:
2768:Nelson (2006)
2764:
2757:
2756:Nelson (2006)
2752:
2745:
2744:Nelson (2006)
2740:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2556:Miller (1974)
2552:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2490:Miller (1974)
2486:
2484:
2476:
2475:Miller (1974)
2471:
2465:, pp. 307–309
2464:
2463:Nelson (2006)
2459:
2452:
2451:Miller (1974)
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2420:Miller (1974)
2416:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2381:Miller (1974)
2377:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2354:Miller (1974)
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2317:, pp. 166,171
2316:
2315:Miller (1974)
2311:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2291:Miller (1974)
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2267:Miller (1974)
2263:
2257:, pp. 252–253
2256:
2255:Nelson (2006)
2251:
2244:
2243:Nelson (2006)
2239:
2232:
2231:Nelson (2006)
2227:
2220:
2219:Nelson (2006)
2215:
2208:
2207:Nelson (2006)
2203:
2196:
2195:Nelson (2006)
2191:
2184:
2183:Nelson (2006)
2179:
2172:
2171:Miller (1974)
2167:
2161:, pp. 137–138
2160:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2134:, pp. 133–136
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2107:, pp. 131–132
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2017:Miller (1974)
2013:
2011:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1872:
1871:Loyal Convert
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:Nelson (2006)
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:Loyal Consort
1769:
1768:Royal Convert
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:Loyal Convert
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:George Scott
1706:
1704:-radeau, 18)
1703:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1617:Philip Ulmer
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1583:Benjamin Rue
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:Joshua Grant
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:Isaac Seamon
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:, captain of
1160:
1155:
1154:Loyal Convert
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:John Burgoyne
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1008:Native allies
1005:
997:
992:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Edward Pellew
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
933:
928:
924:
922:
918:
917:Loyal Convert
913:
909:
905:
900:
891:
882:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
850:
846:
845:
840:
836:
832:
831:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
799:outfitted as
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
783:
778:
777:
772:
768:
767:
762:
758:
757:
753:
749:
743:
741:
735:
733:
732:Horatio Gates
728:
724:
719:
717:
712:
708:
703:
701:
700:Loyal Convert
697:
696:
691:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
644:
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638:
633:
629:
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617:
616:La Grand Isle
612:
608:
606:
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598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
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565:New York City
562:
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531:
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478:
474:
470:
469:Edward Pellew
466:
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458:
453:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:naval battles
395:
392:mainland and
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
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333:
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329:
326:
324:
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319:
318:Longue-Pointe
316:
314:
313:Fort St. Jean
311:
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292:
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277:
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150:United States
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137:Great Britain
126:
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74:
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65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
40:
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32:
27:
22:
6130:
6075:Bicentennial
5958:Other topics
5944:Liberty Tree
5916:
5856:Constitution
5848:
5753:Beaumarchais
5641:Samuel Adams
5392:William Howe
5387:Richard Howe
5287:West Florida
5272:East Florida
5246:Rhode Island
5241:Pennsylvania
5174:Involvement
5118:Gordon Riots
5103:Valley Forge
5098:Conway Cabal
5076:Other events
4911:
4838:Philadelphia
4736:British Army
4627:Powder Alarm
4557:Model Treaty
4479:
4237:Expansionism
4205:Common Sense
4203:
4025:
3796:
3565:. New York:
3561:
3537:. Retrieved
3512:. Retrieved
3508:the original
3489:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:the original
3456:. Retrieved
3452:the original
3437:. Retrieved
3430:the original
3414:
3397:
3369:
3339:
3311:
3291:
3270:
3249:
3221:
3193:
3164:
3137:
3116:
3086:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3045:
3033:. Retrieved
3026:the original
2987:
2965:
2956:Bibliography
2942:. Retrieved
2938:the original
2924:
2912:
2900:
2889:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2714:
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2651:
2643:
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2606:
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2427:
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2322:
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2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2139:
2127:
2100:
2088:
2083:, pp. 7,8,18
2076:
2064:
2053:
2041:
2024:
2000:Allen (1913)
1980:. Retrieved
1970:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1918:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1833:
1771:
1767:
1766:Also called
1753:
1744:James Dacres
1737:
1715:
1697:
1681:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1610:
1594:
1588:Raised 1935
1577:Philadelphia
1576:
1565:
1557:Captain Lee
1550:
1534:
1526:
1512:
1498:
1479:
1461:
1441:
1421:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1372:
1362:David Hawley
1351:Royal Savage
1350:
1341:James Smith
1330:
1287:
1281:
1277:U.S. Route 9
1250:Philadelphia
1249:
1246:Royal Savage
1245:
1243:
1224:Royal Savage
1223:
1217:
1208:Philadelphia
1206:
1187:Philadelphia
1182:Royal Savage
1181:
1179:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1003:
1001:
985:James Dacres
980:
964:
961:Philadelphia
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
937:
932:Royal Savage
931:
921:Royal Savage
920:
916:
912:Royal Savage
911:
908:Royal Savage
907:
903:
896:
872:
867:
862:
856:
851:
843:
838:
834:
830:Philadelphia
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
787:
781:
775:
765:
761:David Hawley
756:Royal Savage
755:
744:
736:
720:
716:Esek Hopkins
704:
699:
694:
688:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
658:
650:
641:British Army
621:
615:
581:last ice age
573:William Howe
561:Hudson River
558:
550:Guy Carleton
532:embarked on
519:
515:Guy Carleton
487:
482:Philadelphia
481:
465:James Dacres
454:
450:
426:
422:Hudson River
418:Guy Carleton
388:between the
373:
369:
367:
354:
340:Saint-Pierre
239:120 captured
216:2 schooners
205:2 schooners
169:Guy Carleton
122:Belligerents
43:
29:Part of the
5721:Witherspoon
5605:von Steuben
5560:Charles Lee
5277:Nova Scotia
5196:Connecticut
5067:The Saintes
5022:Springfield
4987:Stony Point
4917:Long Island
4902:Bunker Hill
4823:Nova Scotia
4414:Prohibitory
4404:Restraining
4394:Intolerable
4374:Declaratory
3057:23 November
2646:, June 1935
2395:, pp. 60–61
2281:, pp. 29–33
2146:, pp. 15–16
2071:, pp. 29–31
1982:23 November
1929:23 November
1688:John Schank
1499:Connecticut
1273:Valcour Bay
1220:World War I
1159:John Schank
934:ran aground
875:West Indies
835:Connecticut
577:New England
534:an invasion
473:John Schank
384:, a narrow
382:Valcour Bay
355:Valcour Bay
308:Ticonderoga
220:8 gundalows
211:28 gunboats
209:1 gundalow
97: /
69:Valcour Bay
6137:Categories
6065:Centennial
6020:television
5871:Jay Treaty
5768:de Guichen
5676:Huntington
5636:John Adams
5575:Montgomery
5480:Washington
5443:Rockingham
5428:Barrington
5397:Knyphausen
5367:Cornwallis
5226:New Jersey
5057:Chesapeake
5012:Charleston
4967:Germantown
4962:Brandywine
4952:Bennington
4741:Royal Navy
4731:Parliament
4678:Combatants
4651:Combatants
4430:Loyal Nine
4363:Quartering
4333:Navigation
4179:Liberalism
4169:John Locke
4157:Philosophy
3828:Meigs Raid
3539:2016-04-17
3514:2010-05-13
3477:2010-05-17
3458:2010-05-17
3439:2010-04-27
3035:2016-04-17
1880:References
1682:Inflexible
1673:Commander
1646:Inflexible
1595:Providence
1527:New Jersey
1404:Washington
1378:row galley
1331:Enterprise
1321:Commander
1192:West Point
1163:Inflexible
1150:Inflexible
1087:Enterprise
1060:Washington
1056:Washington
1039:Providence
1004:Inflexible
977:midshipman
952:Inflexible
863:Washington
812:Providence
788:Enterprise
771:row galley
707:Shipwright
677:Inflexible
669:Inflexible
665:Inflexible
605:Saint-Jean
499:Background
457:Royal Navy
345:The Cedars
214:4 galleys
85:73°25′49″W
82:44°36′38″N
5939:Diplomacy
5927:Political
5910:Prisoners
5814:Aftermath
5788:Vergennes
5763:de Grasse
5758:d'Estaing
5748:Louis XVI
5686:Jefferson
5651:Dickinson
5595:St. Clair
5580:Nicholson
5555:Lafayette
5515:Duportail
5485:Alexander
5453:Shelburne
5337:Arbuthnot
5176:(by
5042:Pensacola
5002:Gibraltar
4977:St. Lucia
4942:Princeton
4654:Campaigns
4507:Minutemen
4423:Colonials
4379:Townshend
4308:Loyalists
4251:Royalists
3156:255396879
2567:See e.g.
2048:pp. 17–18
1855:Thunderer
1698:Thunderer
1658:Thunderer
1535:New Haven
1296:program.
1101:Aftermath
969:gundalows
944:Thunderer
806:New Haven
797:gundalows
685:schooners
681:Thunderer
673:Thunderer
591:from the
207:1 radeau
5903:Military
5656:Franklin
5629:Civilian
5610:Sullivan
5600:Schuyler
5530:Hamilton
5505:Claghorn
5473:Military
5466:Colonial
5448:Sandwich
5411:Civilian
5357:Carleton
5352:Campbell
5347:Burgoyne
5330:Military
5256:Virginia
5231:New York
5211:Maryland
5201:Delaware
5062:Yorktown
4997:Savannah
4972:Monmouth
4957:Saratoga
4863:Yorktown
4853:Southern
4843:Northern
4833:Saratoga
4805:theaters
4666:Colonies
4657:Theaters
4460:Patriots
4370:up i.p.o
4358:Currency
4343:Molasses
4026:Culloden
3559:(1976).
3530:Archived
3330:63178925
3240:52359702
3183:47213837
3107:41397623
3006:48003125
2944:12 March
2919:, p. 255
2907:, p. 262
2873:, p. 279
2861:, p. 312
2849:, p. 263
2830:, p. 135
2818:, p. 295
2806:, p. 204
2794:, p. 256
2782:, p. 284
2770:, p. 258
2758:, p. 297
2583:, p. 160
2558:, p. 179
2546:, p. 144
2492:, p. 177
2477:, p. 176
2453:, p. 175
2434:, p. 157
2422:, p. 174
2410:, p. 142
2383:, p. 173
2368:, p. 137
2356:, p. 172
2344:, p. 141
2269:, p. 171
2245:, p. 261
2233:, p. 245
2221:, p. 243
2209:, p. 239
2197:, p. 241
2185:, p. 231
2173:, p. 170
2019:, p. 178
2002:, p. 176
1906:, p. 152
1808:See also
1781:unknown
1758:gundalow
1738:Carleton
1727:Carleton
1642:Carleton
1611:Spitfire
1551:New York
1485:gundalow
1442:Congress
1435:Escaped
1427:schooner
1390:Schuyler
1373:Trumbull
1356:schooner
1289:Spitfire
1116:Hessians
1083:New York
1079:Trumbull
1075:Congress
1052:Congress
981:Carleton
965:Carleton
940:Carleton
904:Congress
857:Trumbull
844:New York
824:Spitfire
801:gunboats
766:Congress
752:schooner
740:smallpox
695:Carleton
597:New York
488:Spitfire
479:, as is
424:valley.
390:New York
218:1 sloop
203:1 sloop
198:Strength
63:Location
6025:theater
5783:Suffren
5773:Luzerne
5691:Laurens
5661:Hancock
5646:Carroll
5565:Lincoln
5545:de Kalb
5535:Hopkins
5433:Germain
5423:Amherst
5362:Clinton
5323:British
5313:Leaders
5206:Georgia
5037:Cowpens
4982:Grenada
4932:Trenton
4879:battles
4858:Western
4713:Marines
4660:Battles
3637:of the
3585:1863602
3406:1476727
3390:4807930
2979:2613121
2746:, p. 70
2684:, p. 77
2658:, p. 76
2631:, p. 75
2531:, p. 70
2516:, p. 69
2504:, p. 67
2329:, p. 56
2305:, p. 57
2122:, p. 15
2095:, p. 26
1958:, p. 58
1946:, p. 59
1894:, p. 12
1797:issued
1723:Pringle
1654:Convert
1567:Success
1564:Called
1562:Escaped
1422:Revenge
1396:Trumble
1388:Called
1386:Escaped
1095:Liberty
1091:Revenge
1015:Retreat
979:aboard
957:Revenge
868:Liberty
782:Liberty
776:Revenge
727:bateaux
647:Prelude
589:Vermont
414:British
400:of the
5917:Turtle
5741:French
5711:Revere
5706:Morris
5701:McKean
5666:Hanson
5590:Rodney
5585:Putnam
5570:Mercer
5525:Greene
5495:Arnold
5402:Rodney
5382:Graves
5372:Fraser
5282:Quebec
5027:Camden
4907:Quebec
4892:Boston
4877:Major
4818:Quebec
4813:Boston
4762:France
4663:Events
4580:Events
4389:Quebec
3991:Arnold
3583:
3573:
3404:
3388:
3378:
3359:259236
3357:
3347:
3328:
3318:
3299:
3278:
3257:
3238:
3228:
3213:844299
3211:
3201:
3181:
3171:
3154:
3144:
3124:
3105:
3095:
3076:965281
3074:
3004:
2994:
2977:
1676:Notes
1513:Jersey
1480:Boston
1380:, 10)
1358:, 12)
1338:, 12)
1324:Notes
1198:Legacy
1152:, and
1135:France
1089:, and
1043:Jersey
885:Battle
849:cutter
847:, the
839:Jersey
818:Boston
471:, and
433:Quebec
386:strait
328:Quebec
134:
110:Result
5671:Henry
5620:Wayne
5540:Jones
5520:Gates
5510:Clark
5500:Barry
5490:Allen
5438:North
5342:Brant
4368:Stamp
4353:Sugar
3995:André
3533:(PDF)
3526:(PDF)
3433:(PDF)
3426:(PDF)
3029:(PDF)
3018:(PDF)
1826:Notes
1760:, 7)
1716:Maria
1702:ketch
1650:Maria
1487:, 3)
1429:, 8)
1336:sloop
1253:'
1227:'
1146:Maria
948:Maria
793:sloop
689:Maria
67:Near
6015:film
5915:The
5716:Rush
5615:Ward
5550:Knox
5377:Gage
4777:Navy
4772:Army
4708:Navy
4703:Army
4564:and
4338:Iron
4073:1783
4052:1782
4024:HMS
4017:1781
3974:1780
3938:1779
3892:1778
3821:1777
3745:1776
3724:1775
3708:1770
3682:1765
3581:OCLC
3571:ISBN
3402:OCLC
3386:OCLC
3376:ISBN
3355:OCLC
3345:ISBN
3326:OCLC
3316:ISBN
3297:ISBN
3276:ISBN
3255:ISBN
3236:OCLC
3226:ISBN
3209:OCLC
3199:ISBN
3179:OCLC
3169:ISBN
3152:OCLC
3142:ISBN
3122:ISBN
3103:OCLC
3093:ISBN
3072:OCLC
3059:2017
3053:, 22
3002:OCLC
2992:ISBN
2975:OCLC
2946:2009
1984:2017
1978:, 22
1931:2017
1725:and
1175:mass
1121:The
1054:and
1041:and
946:and
906:and
860:and
791:, a
779:and
769:, a
679:and
520:The
439:and
427:The
368:The
334:1776
302:1775
55:Date
5681:Jay
4384:Tea
2032:or
1770:or
1462:Lee
1259:'s
1169:by
1047:Lee
852:Lee
595:of
587:of
435:to
6139::
3579:.
3569:.
3494:.
3488:.
3384:.
3353:.
3324:.
3234:.
3207:.
3177:.
3150:.
3101:.
3051:16
3020:.
3000:.
2973:.
2932:.
2835:^
2725:^
2689:^
2663:^
2536:^
2521:^
2482:^
2439:^
2400:^
2373:^
2334:^
2151:^
2112:^
2007:^
1992:^
1976:16
1924:22
1729:)
1656:,
1652:,
1648:,
1644:,
1452:)
1148:,
1141:.
1085:,
1081:,
866:.
841:,
837:,
833:,
827:,
821:,
815:,
809:,
556:.
495:.
467:,
463:,
459::
71:,
4688:/
4233:"
4229:"
4226:"
4222:"
4219:"
4215:"
4124:e
4117:t
4110:v
3993:–
3667:e
3660:t
3653:v
3587:.
3542:.
3517:.
3480:.
3461:.
3442:.
3408:.
3392:.
3361:.
3332:.
3305:.
3284:.
3263:.
3242:.
3215:.
3185:.
3158:.
3130:.
3109:.
3078:.
3061:.
3038:.
3008:.
2981:.
2948:.
2036:.
1986:.
1933:.
1756:(
1700:(
1483:(
1425:(
1376:(
1354:(
1334:(
618:.
280:e
273:t
266:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
