1232:'s cavalry division to charge by squadrons to gain time, he brought up his reserve artillery, and sent it forward to case-shot range to cover a final counter-stroke by his last intact battalions. But from his position near Frœschwiller he could not see into the hollow between Elsasshausen and the Niederwald. The order came too late, and the artillery unlimbered just as the aforementioned counter-attack on the Niederwald gave way before von Schkopp's reserve. The guns were submerged in a flood of fugitives and pursuers. Elsasshausen passed into the hands of the Germans. To rescue the guns, the nearest French infantry attacked in a succession of groups, charging at bayonet-point with the utmost determination. The Prussians immediately in front gave way to each attack, but those on the flanks swung inwards and under this converging fire each French attempt died out, the Prussians following up the French retreat. In this manner, step by step, in confusion which almost defies analysis, the Prussians conquered the whole of the ground to the south of the Frœschwiller-Wœrth road, but the French still held on in the village of Frœschwiller itself and in the woods to the north of the road, where throughout the day they had held the two Bavarian corps in check with little difficulty. To break down this last stronghold, the guns of the Prussian V and XI Corps, which had now come forward to the captured ridge of Elsasshausen, took the village as their target; the great mass of infantry, now flushed with victory but in the direst confusion, encouraged by the example of two horse artillery batteries which galloped boldly forward to case-shot range, delivered one final rush which swept all resistance before it.
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1170:, which formed a starting point for subsequent attacks. But the rest were driven back in great confusion. Once more the dashing counter-attack of the French was thrown into confusion by Prussian shell fire, and as the French fell back, the Prussian infantry, now reinforced, followed them up (about 13:00 h). The commander in chief of the German Third Army (Crown Prince Frederick William) now appeared on the field and ordered Kirchbach to stand fast until the pressure of the XI corps and of the Württemberg division could take effect against the French right-wing. The majority of these troops had not yet reached the field. Von Bose, however, seeing the retreat of the troops of the V Corps, had independently determined to renew the attack against the Niederwald with much of his forces as had arrived, and had ordered General von Schkopp's brigade, which was then approaching, to join the troops collecting to the east of Gunstett. Schkopp, however, seeing that his present line of advance led him directly onto the French right about
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horse ran away with him towards the Sauer. The leading company, seeing the battalion commander gallop, moved off at the double, and the others of course followed. Coming within sight of the enemy, they drew heavy shellfire, and, still under the impression that they were intended to attack, deployed into a line of columns and doubled down to the river, which they crossed. One or two companies in the neighborhood had already begun to do so, and the stream is too wide for the mounted officers to jump, presently eight or ten companies were across the river and out of superior control. By this time the French outposts (some 1500 rifles), lining the edge of the
Niederwald, were firing heavily. The line of smoke was naturally accepted by all as the objective, and the German companies with a wild rush reached the edge of the wood.
1203:, General Michel had no knowledge of the actual situation. Thus it came about that, without reconnoitering or manoeuvering for position, the French cavalry rode straight at the first objective which offered itself, and struck the victorious Prussians as they were crossing the hills between the Albrechtshäuserhof and Morsbronn. Hence the charge was costly and only partly successful. However, the Prussians were ridden down here and there, and their attention was sufficiently absorbed while the French infantry rallied for a fresh counterstrike. This was made about 13:20 h. The Prussians were driven off the hillsides between the Albrechtshäuserhof and Morsbronn which they had already won. But the counter-attack turned into disaster when 700 French
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counterstroke. As the
Prussians emerged from the north edge of the wood, the French reserves suddenly emerged from behind the Elsasshausen heights and striking due south drove the Prussians back. It was a grave crisis, but at this moment von Schkopp, who throughout all this had kept two of his battalions intact, came around the northwest corner of the Wald, and these fresh battalions again brought the French to a standstill. Meanwhile, von Kirchbach, seeing the progress of the XI Corps, had ordered the whole of his command forward to assault the French center; away to the right the two Bavarian corps moved against the French left, which still maintained its original position in the woods northeast of Frœschwiller.
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Lartigue ordered a counterattack towards the heights of
Gunstett, before which all the Prussians between the Niederwald and the Sauer gave way. The French followed with a rush, and, fording the Sauer opposite Gunstett, for a moment put the long line of German guns upon the heights in considerable danger. At this crisis, a fresh battalion of the Prussian XI corps arrived by the road from
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answer to the superior German artillery, and in almost every instance it was the terrible shellfire that broke up French counterattacks. All of these attacks were in the highest degree honorable to the French army, and many came closer to foiling the ultimate success of the
Germans than was supposed.
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was canceled by the higher number of rifles on the German side; although the
Prussians could generally use their numerical superiority to bring a converging fire upon the French, the latter made nearly twice the number of hits for about the same weight of ammunition fired. The French, however, had no
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The battle was won, and cavalry only were needed to reap its consequences, but the
Prussian cavalry division had been left behind without orders and did not reach the battlefield until late at night. The divisional cavalry squadrons did their best, but each pursued on its own account, and the results
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opened fire, the French disappeared from sight. There was no longer a target, and, perhaps to compel his adversary to show himself, von
Kirchbach ordered four battalions to cross the river. These battalions, however, were widely separated and came under fire as soon as they appeared. They attacked in
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The
Germans lost 103 officers and 1,483 men killed, 383 officers and 7,207 men wounded and 1,373 men missing. Horse casualties amounted to 341. The French lost 5,884 men killed and wounded, and perhaps 9,212 captured, representing a total loss of about 32%. Some French regiments retained a semblance
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MacMahon received no support from the neighbouring French troops. The battle was won by overpowering weight of numbers: the
Prussian general staff were able to field no fewer than 75,000 infantry, 6000 cavalry, and 300 guns, of which 71,000 rifles, 4250 sabers, and 234 guns came into action, against
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The outpost battery near Wörth was heard and the
Bavarians at once moved forward. Soon the leading troops were on the crest of the ridge between the Sauer and the Sulzbach, and the Bavarian divisional commander, anxious to prove his loyalty to his new allies—his enemies in 1866–ordered his troops to
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suddenly opened fire, and the shrapnel bursting high sent showers of bullets on the house roofs of Spachbach, in which village a French battalion had just halted. As the falling tiles made the position undesirable, the major in command ordered the march to be resumed, and as he gave the order, his
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drove the party back to camp. The alarm sounded, tents were struck and the troops fell in all along the line and remained under arms until the confusion died down when orders were sent to fall out, but not to pitch tents. The army therefore bivouacked; but for this incident, the battle of the next
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By 15:00 h the Prussians were masters of the Niederwald and the ground south of it on which the French right-wing had originally stood, but they were in indescribable confusion after the prolonged fighting in the dense undergrowth. Before order could be restored the French launched another fierce
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The same thing had happened at Gunstett. A most obstinate struggle ensued and both sides brought up reinforcements. The Prussians, with all their attention, concentrated on the wood in their front, and having as yet no superior commanders, soon exhibited signs of confusion, and thereupon General
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and kept him clear of the confusion to be seen around Gunstett, disregarded the order and continued to advance on Morsbronn. This deliberate acceptance of responsibility really decided the battle, for Schkopp's brigade quietly deployed as a unit and compelled the French right-wing to fall back.
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were only 300 meters from the sentries. These fired, and the officer commanding the Prussian outposts, hearing the confused murmur of voices, ordered up a battery which, as soon as there was enough light, fired several shells into Wœrth. The stragglers rushed back, the French lines were again
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were trapped inside Morsbronn and massacred within a few minutes by rapid close-range fire. The rest of the French cavalry eventually came under fire from the great artillery mass above Gunstett; von Bose having at length concentrated the main body of the XI corps in the meadows between the
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of discipline after suffering enormous losses. The 2nd Turcos lost 93%, 13th Hussars 87%, 3rd Zouaves 80%, and thirteen regiments in all lost over 50% of their strength. Frederick William's army captured 200 officers, 9,000 enlisted men, 1 eagle, 4 Turco standards, 28 guns, 5
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on the previous day. The remnant of the force which had been engaged there, with many of its wounded still in the ranks, marched in about noon with so soldierly a bearing that, so far from their depressing the morale of the rest, their appearance actually raised it.
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day would probably not have been fought. A sudden and violent storm broke over the bivouacs, and when it was over, the men, wet and restless, began to move about, light fires, etc. Many of them broke camp and went into Wœrth, which was unoccupied, though
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The Prussian guns, strict orders having been given to avoid all engagement that day, soon withdrew and were about to return to camp, when renewed artillery fire was heard from the south, and presently also from the north. In the latter direction, the
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in prisoners and guns taken fell far short of what the opportunity offered. The French, under cover of darkness, escaped, and on the following day the Prussian cavalry division was quite unable to discover the direction of the retreat.
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Hearing the firing, the XI Corps advanced guard, which had marched up behind in accordance with the general movement of the corps in changing front to the west, and had halted on reaching the Kreuzhecke Wood, promptly came up to
1071:, decided that an effort must at once be made to relieve the Bavarians. His chief of staff had already ordered up the divisional and corps artillery (84 guns in all), and he himself communicated his intention of attacking to the
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The French, however, were quite ready and a furious fusillade broke out, the sound being multiplied out of proportion to the numbers engaged by the echoes of the forest-clad hills. The Prussian officers of the V Corps near
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and the bank of the Sauer, and the French, shortly after daylight on 6 August 1870, sent down an unarmed party to fetch water. As this appeared through the mist, the Prussians naturally fired upon it, and the French
1166:, the other from near Spachbach towards the Calvary spur, east of Elsasshausen. Both were overpowered by French infantry fire. A fraction of the southern party maintained itself all day in the elbow of the Hagenau
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to Gunstett and attacked the French on one flank whilst the guns swept the other. The momentum of the charge died out, and the French drifted backward. The French effort compelled the admiration of both sides.
1067:, knowing nothing of the orders the Bavarians had received, were amazed; but at length, at about 10:30 h, when their comrades were seen retiring, in some cases in great disorder, the corps commander, General
1042:, had bivouacked along the Mattstall–Langen–Sulzbach road with orders to continue the march if artillery were heard to the south. This order was contrary to the spirit of the Third Army orders; moreover, the
1091:(to whose division the party belonged), puzzled to account for the firing, brought up some batteries in readiness to repel an attack. These fired a few rounds only, but remained in position as a precaution.
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held the French under close observation, while the latter moved about within their lines and as far as the village of Wœrth as if in peace, notwithstanding the defeat of a portion of the French army at the
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Niederwald and the Sauer, the French had to withdraw. Their withdrawal involved the retreat of the troops who had fought all day in defence of the Niederwald.
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East of the Sauer the German Third Army was moving south towards Haguenau, when their cavalry found the French position about noon. Thereafter the German
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About 17:00 the French watered some horses at the Sauer as if in peace, without escort, though hostile scouts were in sight. A sudden swoop of German
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on the left front of the German Third Army, which was moving south in an attempt to find them. The French position was marked from right to left by
1079:) on his left and asked for all available assistance. A report was also dispatched to the crown prince at Sulz, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away.
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Meanwhile, the Prussian XI Corps had become involved in an engagement. The left of the V Corps' outposts had overnight occupied
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In the center, the fight had been going badly for the V corps. As soon as the 84 guns between
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32,000 rifles, 4850 sabers and 101 guns on the French side. The superiority of the French
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1529:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 834–836.
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Charge of the Hussards of the Prussian Guard, painting by Jules van Imschoot
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alarmed, and several batteries on the French side took up the challenge.
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Commandant Grange (1908–1910). "Les Réalités du champ de bataille".
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Prussian V Corp artillery advances through the streets of Wörth
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Article on the Battle of Woerth at 'Battlefields Europe'
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See the French and German official histories of the war;
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to the south was in ignorance of its having been given.
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1273:Medic and German officer after the battle of Wörth
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1228:MacMahon, however, was not beaten yet. Ordering
1478:1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History
1450:The Franco-German War 1870–71: Part 1; Volume 1
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958:River, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of
934:and directed by his chief of staff, General
62:introducing citations to additional sources
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1452:(2nd ed.). London: Clowes & Sons.
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1461:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
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1016:Battle of Wörth, 1870 (general overview)
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1665:Military history of Grand Est
1660:Battles involving Württemberg
1448:German General Staff (1881).
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1603:1870 War of 1870 in pictures
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1195:To cover the French retreat
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1616:26 July 2009 at the
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906:, also known as the
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302:Second French Empire
196:48.93889°N 7.73333°E
58:improve this article
1595:Woerth's war museum
1538:Bonnal, H. (1899).
1480:. Chartwell Books.
1332:, pp. 834–836.
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69:Find sources:
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47:single source
43:This article
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19:
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1565:Tournès, R.
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1540:Froschwiller
1539:
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1496:Attribution:
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1164:Frœschwiller
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1121:Elsasshausen
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1052:Frœschwiller
1048:
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873:2nd Buzenval
850:
736:Bretoncelles
666:1st Buzenval
651:Neu-Breisach
608:
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548:Mars-la-Tour
507:
391:
379:1,593 killed
374:
229:
224:Belligerents
167:Frœschwiller
133:Part of the
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
44:
1608:(in German)
1600:(in French)
1592:(in French)
1205:cuirassiers
1151:Dieffenbach
1104:Württemberg
1065:Dieffenbach
918:(the first
868:St. Quentin
846:Villersexel
776:Chateauneuf
626:Nompatelize
582:Noisseville
518:Lichtenberg
498:Wissembourg
493:Saarbrücken
392:15,096 men
375:10,642 men
290:Württemberg
199: /
114:August 2020
1634:Categories
1531:Endnotes:
1394:Maude 1911
1373:Maude 1911
1361:Maude 1911
1330:Maude 1911
1318:Grant 2017
1303:References
1278:Casualties
1230:Bonnemains
910:or as the
878:Pontarlier
721:Thionville
681:Le Bourget
656:Châteaudun
554:Gravelotte
538:Strasbourg
523:Phalsbourg
388:341 horses
344:Third Army
184:48°56′20″N
84:newspapers
1556:Kunz, H.
1261:over the
1258:chassepot
1245:Aftermath
1172:Morsbronn
1155:Spachbach
1113:Spachbach
1075:(General
1038:, led by
1001:Prussians
976:Morsbronn
954:, on the
786:Beaugency
761:Villepion
701:Coulmiers
641:Châtillon
587:Bazeilles
503:Spicheren
187:7°44′00″E
173:(Wörth),
54:talk page
1614:Archived
1291:See also
1250:Analysis
1168:Chaussee
1162:towards
1130:Surbourg
1117:Gunstett
1084:Gunstett
1073:XI Corps
983:vedettes
960:Haguenau
791:Fréteval
756:Villiers
731:Mézières
661:Sélestat
631:Bellevue
621:Chevilly
604:Soissons
599:Montmédy
577:Beaumont
364:167 guns
359:342 guns
352:Strength
162:Location
1523:(ed.).
1513::
1442:Sources
996:hussars
966:Prelude
928:Germany
858:Lisaine
852:Le Mans
836:Bapaume
831:Péronne
811:Epuisay
806:Longeau
796:Vendôme
771:Orléans
696:La Fère
691:Belfort
636:Artenay
567:Buzancy
402:28 guns
357:125,000
347:I Corps
278:Bavaria
252:Prussia
98:scholar
1519:". In
1507:
1484:
1465:
1008:Battle
952:Alsace
942:under
940:French
863:Longwy
841:Rocroi
826:Hallue
801:Pesmes
751:Varize
741:Amiens
706:Havana
646:Verdun
616:Sceaux
572:Nouart
528:Marsal
513:Bitche
362:46,500
275:
262:
249:
212:Result
175:France
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
1517:Wörth
1160:Wœrth
972:Sauer
956:Sauer
948:Wœrth
821:Tours
781:Buchy
726:Ladon
711:Dreux
686:Dijon
671:Ognon
610:Paris
593:Sedan
508:Wörth
426:Wörth
265:Baden
171:Wœrth
105:JSTOR
91:books
1482:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1153:and
1115:and
902:The
676:Gray
561:Metz
543:Toul
154:Date
77:news
950:in
60:by
1636::
1401:^
1380:^
1337:^
1310:^
962:.
169:,
1578:.
1569:.
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1542:.
1490:.
1471:.
1191:.
470:e
463:t
456:v
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
64:.
50:.
20:)
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