195:
184:
141:
172:
161:
878:, but his future responsibilities were purely administrative. That same day, Taylor wrote, "Nothing but the withdrawal of Walker's division from me has prevented the capture of Banks' army and the destruction of Porter's fleet. I feel bitterly about this, because my army has been robbed of the just measure of its glory and the country of the most brilliant and complete success of the war." In a series of letters, Taylor lashed out at his superior until Kirby Smith relieved him of command on June 10, 1864. Taylor was reassigned to command the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana on July 18.
734:
123:
258:
690:
787:
1910:
855:, was a serious obstacle to Banks' army. Banks asked Bailey to improvise a bridge and his engineer officer succeeded in accomplishing the task. Bailey anchored 22 river transports abreast in the Atchafalaya, lashed them together, and built a roadway across their decks with gangplanks and lumber. The XIII and XIX Corps troops began crossing on May 19 and the XVI and XVII Corps troops crossed on May 20. After the bridge was dismantled, the wounded and sick Union soldiers were loaded aboard the transports while those fit for duty marched to
612:
824:
510:, Wharton's forces began pressing the Union troops from the rear. Mower was ordered to halt their advance. Mower's forces subsequently drove the Confederates back to their main line. The Confederates then counter-attacked and a back-and-forth battle erupted, with the Confederates finally repulsed. A thicket between the contending sides caught fire, ending the fighting after a few hours. Mower's holding action allowed the Union army to safely cross the Atchafalaya on May 19â20.
1872:
1922:
815:, withdrew his troops from the thicket for a short rest before ordering them forward again. After re-ordering their lines, the Confederates charged again and the two sides grappled in the thicket. The Union troops ousted their opponents from the thicket, but it caught fire, preventing them from following up their advantage. At sunset, both sides withdrew from the burning thicket which consisted of dead trees and heavy underbrush.
1882:
213:
265:
794:
At first, the 12 Confederate artillery pieces dueled with the two
Indiana batteries. Though they were positioned in an open field, at least some of the Confederates were protected by taking cover in a drainage ditch. As the cannonade tapered off, Wharton ordered an assault. Parsons warned him that it
799:. Parsons' men charged on foot, but their attack faltered when threatened by Federal cavalry. Wharton's general attack began to force back the brigades of Hill on the Union right and Lynch on the left, so that Mower had to call on Shaw's brigade for support. The Union batteries began firing double
741:
Mower's force advanced west across Yellow Bayou and drove back the
Confederate skirmishers for about 2 mi (3.2 km). After struggling through a tangled thicket of woods, the Federals found themselves confronted by 5,000 Confederates in line of battle. According to William Riley Brooksher,
840:'s brigade, Polignac's division, "suffered numerous casualties" at Yellow Bayou. Brooksher estimated losses at 350 Union and 608 Confederate casualties. Tragically, Union Colonel Hill's young son, who rode into battle in full uniform on a pony beside his father, was among the dead.
697:
On May 18, Taylor tried one final attack on Banks' army before it could escape over the
Atchafalaya River. He arranged all his troops in position at Norwood's Plantation. Confederate skirmishers pushed back the Union cavalry pickets toward the
806:
When the
Confederates threatened the Union left flank, Mower pushed them back by reinforcing it with regiments from Shaw's brigade. The Federals did not pursue their adversaries into the open field. Mower, whose soldiers began to suffer from
603:. Kirby Smith left Taylor with only 5,200 troops to harass Banks' much larger army. Realizing that he could expect no help from Steele and required to return A. J. Smith's troops to Sherman, Banks decided to end the campaign and retreat.
668:
ambushed the
Federals. Opening enfilading fire from a concealed position in the woods, the Confederates killed some of Smith's men and took others prisoner. Simultaneously, Colonel William O. Yager, leading his own regiment, the
782:
Robert D. Stone's brigade was later committed to support the front line. In John D. Winters' account, Polignac's infantry division was on the left in the front line while Major's dismounted cavalry division was on the right.
681:, put up a spirited fight and the Confederates eventually fell back to Norwood's Plantation. Yager's men destroyed some wagons but were unable to remove any captured wagons because A. J. Smith's troops blocked the only road.
644:
which raised the water level enough to allow Porter's fleet to pass the rapids on May 13. On that day, Banks' army evacuated
Alexandria and continued its retreat. On May 14â15, there were skirmishes at Wilson's Landing and
831:
Mower reported losing 38 killed, 226 wounded, and 3 missing, for a total of 267 casualties. Taylor reported his losses as 30 killed, 350 wounded, and over 100 of
Polignac's men captured, for about 500 casualties. The
678:
631:
and reached
Alexandria, but his vessels proved unable to pass its rapids because of low water in the Red River. From May 4 to 13, Taylor's inferior force completely isolated the Banks-Porter expedition in
1957:
568:
at
Alexandria. A. J. Smith's troops were accompanied by Porter's gunboats and river transports in the Red River. Slowed by low water in the Red River, the Banks-Porter expedition finally reached
795:
would result in serious loss of life and questioned the need, since the Union army was in retreat. Wharton ordered the attack to be made at once or
Parsons would face a
313:
706:
infantry. In response, A. J. Smith ordered Mower to drive back the Confederates. Mower gathered about 4,500 soldiers, including the infantry brigades of Colonels
1952:
1857:
1885:
1420:
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1972:
68:
1831:
803:. At this time, Hill's and Lynch's troops, flanked by Union cavalry, mounted a counterattack that drove Wharton's men back into the open field.
715:
711:
579:(Sabine Cross Roads) and compelled to retreat. Both armies were reinforced and on April 9, Taylor's attacks were repelled by Banks' army at the
528:
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306:
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874:
assumed command of the Military Division of West Mississippi, making Banks his subordinate. Banks retained nominal control over the
1413:
524:
1464:
616:
560:, the venture up the Red River was ordered and assigned to Banks. In mid-March, one 17,000-man column under Banks moved north on
299:
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1947:
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751:
485:
188:
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664:. When A. J. Smith's troops advanced to meet this threat, two cavalry regiments and an artillery battery led by Colonel
1620:
1380:"Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields: State of Louisiana"
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1311:
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1214:
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548:
wanted a military campaign to plant the United States flag in Texas to counter the threat of the French-installed
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755:
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674:
628:
538:
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860:
360:
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1967:
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62:
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1900:
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132:
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1914:
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718:, plus one cavalry brigade. Banks asked Mower to hold off the Confederates until the soldiers of the
419:
1962:
1687:
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627:
and reached Alexandria safely. Porter's fleet suffered some losses to Confederate artillery in the
656:
On May 17, Banks' army crossed Bayou De Glaise and broke down the bridge spanning that stream. At
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340:
216:
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845:
763:
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646:
596:
496:
488:. The failed Union campaign almost ended in disaster when an accompanying Union fleet led by
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565:
399:
8:
1791:
1756:
1746:
1656:
1443:
1202:
856:
841:
775:
771:
743:
576:
503:. An engineering feat saved the fleet, allowing Banks' army to complete its withdrawal.
350:
1826:
1485:
1480:
779:
623:
On April 23, the Union army overcame a Confederate attempt to block its retreat at the
588:
584:
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165:
32:
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attacked the Union wagon train near Yellow Bayou. The wagon guard, Company E of the
1926:
1339:. Graphics by Robin D. Kern. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press.
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774:'s cavalry division. Wharton was in tactical command. Brigadier General
447:
733:
661:
291:
1333:
Staff Ride Handbook for the Red River Campaign, 7 March-19 May 1864
778:'s infantry division was placed on the left in reserve, from which
762:(detached from Parsons' brigade) on the extreme left, and Colonels
595:'s divisions north to oppose a 15,000-man Union column coming from
1958:
Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
1354:
649:. Taylor tried unsuccessfully to block the Federal retreat at the
750:'s cavalry division, and on the extreme right, Brigadier General
212:
552:
regime in Mexico. Over the objections of Major Generals Banks,
1226:
War Along the Bayous: The 1864 Red River Campaign in Louisiana
823:
506:
While Banks' army waited for a bridge to be built across the
1080:
1053:
786:
689:
1245:"Battle of Yellow Bayou: Louisiana State Historical Marker"
1126:
1124:
1070:
1068:
1043:
1041:
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1007:
1005:
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1001:
844:
stated total losses as 267 Union and 452 Confederate. The
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1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
943:
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The Atchafalaya, filled with backwater from the flooding
1121:
1065:
1038:
976:
974:
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970:
484:
was repulsed by Confederate forces led by Major General
1428:
1185:
Guide to Louisiana Confederate Military Units 1861-1865
1109:
998:
955:
575:
On April 8, Banks' troops were routed by Taylor at the
1187:. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press.
1148:
1136:
1092:
1017:
746:'s and Debray's brigades, both from Brigadier General
1898:
967:
758:
brigade. The Confederate left wing consisted of the
587:
reached the scene and decided to take Major General
986:
742:the Confederate right wing was made up of Colonels
564:to meet a 10,000-strong column under Major General
848:listed 360 Union and 500 Confederate casualties.
1306:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
909:
907:
892:
770:'s brigades, both belonging to Brigadier General
710:, William T. Shaw, and William F. Lynch, and the
1934:
1330:Clay, Steven E. (2022). Hogg, Michael L. (ed.).
863:, A. J. Smith's troops left the army, bound for
615:Map of Yellow Bayou core and study areas by the
1953:Battles of the American Civil War in Louisiana
904:
529:Red River Campaign Confederate order of battle
1414:
307:
1262:"The Civil War, Battle Detail: Yellow Bayou"
1491:Mississippi River in the American Civil War
1287:. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press.
1209:. New York, N.Y.: David McKay Company Inc.
754:'s cavalry division which had only Colonel
1421:
1407:
636:. Finally, a Union army engineer, Colonel
314:
300:
1973:Union victories of the American Civil War
1223:
1130:
1086:
1074:
1059:
1047:
1011:
961:
660:, Wharton pressed back the Union cavalry
1182:
1115:
822:
785:
732:
688:
610:
525:Red River Campaign Union order of battle
1301:
1201:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1103:
1032:
980:
949:
937:
925:
617:American Battlefield Protection Program
1935:
1535:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip
1242:
898:
461:troops commanded by Brigadier General
321:
1402:
1377:
1285:Confederate Cavalry West of the River
1279:
992:
295:
16:1864 battle of the American Civil War
1881:
1329:
264:
1832:Confederate monuments and memorials
1430:Louisiana in the American Civil War
1259:
913:
473:. This was the final action of the
13:
1322:
14:
1984:
1224:Brooksher, William Riley (1998).
1920:
1908:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1842:Confederate Memorial Hall Museum
1183:Bergeron, Arthur W. Jr. (1989).
834:28th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
606:
533:
263:
256:
211:
193:
182:
170:
159:
139:
121:
1621:Battle of Stirling's Plantation
1228:. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's.
1175:
730:could cross the Atchafalaya.
444:Battle of Norwood's Plantation
1:
881:
583:. Taylor's superior, General
513:
221:District of Western Louisiana
1611:Battle of Goodrich's Landing
1601:Battle of LaFourche Crossing
1519:Battle of the Head of Passes
1385:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior
886:
818:
477:in which a Union army under
325:Red River campaign
7:
1948:Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
1616:Battle of Kock's Plantation
1606:Battle of Donaldsonville II
760:12th Texas Cavalry Regiment
467:Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
63:Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
10:
1989:
1678:Action of 26â27 April 1864
1652:Battle of Henderson's Hill
1550:Battle of Donaldsonville I
1304:The Civil War in Louisiana
1302:Winters, John D. (1987) .
679:92nd U.S. Colored Infantry
629:action of 26â27 April 1864
522:
1866:
1850:
1814:
1739:
1732:
1710:
1668:Battle of Blair's Landing
1639:
1596:Battle of Milliken's Bend
1581:Battle of Vermilion Bayou
1563:
1555:Battle of Georgia Landing
1527:
1511:
1504:
1473:
1452:
1436:
870:On May 18, Major General
684:
591:'s and Brigadier General
518:
333:
251:
238:
225:
205:
152:
114:
38:
30:
25:
1688:Battle of Calcasieu Pass
1673:Battle of Monett's Ferry
1659:(aka Sabine Cross-Roads)
1626:Battle of Bayou Bourbeux
1207:The Civil War Dictionary
625:Battle of Monett's Ferry
1822:Fifth Military District
1683:Actions near Alexandria
1663:Battle of Pleasant Hill
634:actions near Alexandria
581:Battle of Pleasant Hill
459:Confederate States Army
1698:Battle of Yellow Bayou
1647:Battle of Fort DeRussy
1586:Battle of Plains Store
1571:Battle of Fort Bisland
1540:Capture of New Orleans
876:Department of the Gulf
865:Vicksburg, Mississippi
828:
791:
738:
694:
620:
599:, under Major General
593:Thomas James Churchill
499:, by low water in the
440:Battle of Yellow Bayou
153:Commanders and leaders
46:May 18, 1864
26:Battle of Yellow Bayou
1545:Battle of Baton Rouge
1266:National Park Service
1243:Lawson, Bill (2009).
846:National Park Service
826:
789:
764:William Polk Hardeman
736:
716:9th Indiana Batteries
692:
675:2nd Louisiana Cavalry
614:
597:Little Rock, Arkansas
523:Further information:
497:Alexandria, Louisiana
446:, (May 18, 1864) saw
282:Location in Louisiana
239:Casualties and losses
1591:Siege of Port Hudson
1576:Battle of Irish Bend
1247:. StoppingPoints.com
1203:Boatner, Mark M. III
566:Andrew Jackson Smith
442:, also known as the
279:class=notpageimage|
1792:Francis T. Nicholls
1757:Albert G. Blanchard
1657:Battle of Mansfield
1444:Louisiana secession
1169:, pp. 380â381.
1089:, pp. 221â223.
1062:, pp. 220â222.
952:, pp. 687â688.
940:, pp. 685â687.
928:, pp. 685â686.
842:Mark M. Boatner III
776:Camille de Polignac
772:James Patrick Major
756:William H. Parsons'
744:Arthur P. Bagby Jr.
577:Battle of Mansfield
84:30.9985°N 91.8668°W
80: /
1968:Red River campaign
1915:American Civil War
1827:Compromise of 1877
1486:Red River campaign
1481:Vicksburg campaign
829:
827:Nathaniel P. Banks
792:
780:Lieutenant Colonel
739:
695:
621:
589:John George Walker
585:Edmund Kirby Smith
558:William T. Sherman
544:and Major General
493:David Dixon Porter
482:Nathaniel P. Banks
475:Red River campaign
471:American Civil War
231:4,500 plus cavalry
166:Nathaniel P. Banks
147:Confederate States
33:American Civil War
1943:1864 in Louisiana
1896:
1895:
1810:
1809:
1797:Leroy A. Stafford
1767:Randall L. Gibson
1752:P.G.T. Beauregard
1715:(by city or town)
1706:
1705:
1693:Battle of Mansura
1281:Oates, Stephen B.
861:Red River Landing
853:Mississippi River
708:Sylvester G. Hill
671:1st Texas Cavalry
651:Battle of Mansura
508:Atchafalaya River
452:Brigadier General
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110:
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89:30.9985; -91.8668
1980:
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1782:St. John Liddell
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768:George W. Baylor
601:Frederick Steele
554:Ulysses S. Grant
346:Henderson's Hill
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1963:May 1864 events
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884:
859:. On May 21 at
821:
809:heat exhaustion
748:Hamilton P. Bee
693:John A. Wharton
687:
609:
572:on April 2â3.
542:Abraham Lincoln
536:
531:
521:
516:
495:was trapped at
463:John A. Wharton
455:Joseph A. Mower
436:
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361:Blair's Landing
329:
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200:John A. Wharton
192:
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177:Joseph A. Mower
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1858:14th Amendment
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1851:Related topics
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1808:
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1802:Richard Taylor
1799:
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1747:Henry W. Allen
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1378:CWSAC (2010).
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1172:
1171:
1159:
1157:, p. 378.
1147:
1145:, p. 688.
1135:
1133:, p. 223.
1131:Brooksher 1998
1120:
1118:, p. 139.
1108:
1106:, p. 377.
1091:
1087:Brooksher 1998
1079:
1077:, p. 221.
1075:Brooksher 1998
1064:
1060:Brooksher 1998
1052:
1050:, p. 222.
1048:Brooksher 1998
1037:
1035:, p. 376.
1016:
1014:, p. 220.
1012:Brooksher 1998
997:
995:, p. 172.
985:
983:, p. 375.
966:
964:, p. 219.
962:Brooksher 1998
954:
942:
930:
918:
903:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
820:
817:
752:William Steele
737:James P. Major
686:
683:
608:
605:
535:
532:
520:
517:
515:
512:
486:Richard Taylor
450:forces led by
431:
430:
428:
427:
425:Jenkins' Ferry
422:
417:
412:
410:Prairie D' Ane
407:
402:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Monett's Ferry
363:
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189:Richard Taylor
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136:
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839:
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801:canister shot
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797:court-martial
788:
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781:
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731:
729:
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691:
682:
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666:Xavier Debray
663:
659:
654:
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648:
643:
639:
638:Joseph Bailey
635:
630:
626:
618:
613:
607:Union retreat
604:
602:
598:
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586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
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555:
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547:
546:Henry Halleck
543:
540:
534:Union advance
530:
526:
511:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
480:
479:Major General
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Poison Spring
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Elkin's Ferry
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
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356:Pleasant Hill
354:
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129:United States
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37:
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29:
24:
19:
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1697:
1630:Grand Coteau
1389:February 18,
1387:. Retrieved
1332:
1303:
1284:
1271:February 18,
1269:. Retrieved
1260:NPS (2023).
1251:February 20,
1249:. Retrieved
1225:
1206:
1184:
1176:Bibliography
1167:Winters 1987
1162:
1155:Winters 1987
1150:
1143:Boatner 1959
1138:
1111:
1104:Winters 1987
1082:
1055:
1033:Winters 1987
988:
981:Winters 1987
957:
950:Boatner 1959
945:
938:Boatner 1959
933:
926:Boatner 1959
921:
894:
872:Edward Canby
869:
850:
830:
805:
793:
790:Joseph Mower
740:
696:
655:
653:on May 16.
642:Bailey's Dam
622:
574:
570:Natchitoches
537:
505:
490:Rear Admiral
443:
439:
437:
420:Marks' Mills
391:
390:
386:Yellow Bayou
385:
341:Fort DeRussy
335:
271:Yellow Bayou
115:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
1740:Confederate
1724:New Orleans
1712:Involvement
1460:Confederacy
899:Lawson 2009
836:in Colonel
712:3rd Indiana
658:Moreauville
562:Bayou Teche
469:during the
457:clash with
371:26â27 April
87: /
1937:Categories
1772:Henry Gray
1453:Combatants
1363:1341268269
1355:2022036037
993:Oates 1994
882:References
838:Henry Gray
728:Simmesport
720:XIII Corps
704:XVII Corps
673:, and the
647:Marksville
550:Maximilian
514:Background
448:Union Army
400:Mount Elba
376:Alexandria
75:91°52â˛00âłW
72:30°59â˛55âłN
50:1864-05-18
1927:Louisiana
1815:Aftermath
1474:Campaigns
1371:40130965M
1283:(1994) .
887:Citations
819:Aftermath
813:sunstroke
724:XIX Corps
700:XVI Corps
662:rearguard
640:designed
539:President
501:Red River
351:Mansfield
336:Louisiana
217:XVI Corps
1876:Category
1205:(1959).
914:NPS 2023
857:Morganza
393:Arkansas
226:Strength
58:Location
1901:Portals
1887:Commons
1836:Removal
1733:Leaders
1505:Battles
1437:Origins
381:Mansura
247:452â608
244:267â360
106:victory
48: (
1369:
1361:
1353:
1343:
1310:
1291:
1232:
1213:
1191:
685:Battle
556:, and
519:Forces
144:
126:
100:Result
1628:(aka
1465:Union
1383:(PDF)
1337:(PDF)
234:5,000
133:Union
104:Union
1640:1864
1564:1863
1528:1862
1512:1861
1391:2023
1359:OCLC
1351:LCCN
1341:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1273:2023
1253:2023
1230:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1189:ISBN
811:and
766:and
722:and
714:and
702:and
527:and
438:The
43:Date
867:.
726:at
465:in
1939::
1367:OL
1365:.
1357:.
1349:.
1264:.
1123:^
1094:^
1067:^
1040:^
1019:^
1000:^
969:^
906:^
1903::
1838:)
1834:(
1632:)
1497:)
1493:(
1422:e
1415:t
1408:v
1393:.
1373:.
1316:.
1297:.
1275:.
1255:.
1238:.
1219:.
1197:.
916:.
901:.
619:.
315:e
308:t
301:v
135:)
131:(
52:)
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