4049:
3427:
3992:
4030:
4015:
3515:
other market streets branch off (e.g. in
Isfahan or Tehran), while others are large rectangular zones with a grid-like network of parallel and intersecting streets (e.g. as in Tabriz). The streets are lined with structures of one or two storeys that contain spaces for shops. The streets are typically roofed with brick vaults, pierced by skylights to allow for light and air circulation. The shops are often adjacent or connected to the workshops where the goods are also produced, so that manufacturing and retail are often concentrated in the same areas, though some production (especially of textiles) was also distributed in other parts of the city. Like the bazaars further west, there were also many
3950:
4068:
3935:
570:
3663:
4102:
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4087:
654:
716:, the formal city. This was especially true in Central Asia, though there were exceptions in some regions where the bazaar was grouped with the citadel and the city's Friday mosque inside the city walls. After the 11th century, the growing importance of the suburbs and the commercial districts resulted in most of them being enclosed within newly expanded city walls. From the 10th century onward, the bazaar became the financial center of a city and was heavily patronized and developed by ruling elites. The grouping of a bazaar, citadel, and Friday mosque also became more common.
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390:
3523:
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863:
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720:
59:
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3703:, also famed for its poetry competitions in addition to its storytelling activities. Temporary souks tended to become known for specific types of produce. For example, Suq Hijr in Bahrain was noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for its spices and perfumes. Political, economic and social changes have left only the small seasonal souks outside villages and small towns, primarily selling livestock and agricultural products.
6193:
200:
7105:
7118:
281:
3472:, depending on the city or historical period. It usually hosted the most prestigious and profitable trades such as jewelry, perfumes, and textiles. In order to protect these goods, the entrances to this area could be closed and locked at night or in times of danger. The other recurring element is the presence of courtyard buildings entered via a single large doorway. Often translated into English as a
557:, places where a caravan or caravans arrived and remained for rest and refreshments. Since this might be infrequent, souks often extended beyond buying and selling goods to include major festivals involving various cultural and social activities. Any bazaar may serve a social function as being a place for people to meet in, in addition to its commercial function.
3445:
and close to the heart of the city. In much of the Middle East and North Africa, the bazaar is a network of interconnected spaces, including streets and buildings, with diverse architectural forms. Its boundaries are not sharply defined and can vary according to circumstance, as the bazaar is closely
513:
Persia (550–330 BCE), documents indicate that crafts were sold in markets close to
Persepolis. A network of bazaars had sprung up alongside ancient caravan trade routes. Bazaars located along these trade routes, formed networks, linking major cities with each other and in which goods, culture, people
500:
Scholar
Mohammad Gharipour has pointed out that in spite of the centrality of bazaars in Persian history, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence. Historical records document the concept of a bazaar existing in Iran as early as 3000 BCE, where some large cities contained
3783:
featuring a series of 15 engraved plates of Dacca featuring scenes of markets, commerce, buildings and streetscapes. European society generally frowned on nude painting – but harems, concubines and slave markets, presented as quasi-documentary works, satisfied
European desires for pornographic art.
3774:
Many of these works were lavishly illustrated with engravings of every day scenes of
Oriental lifestyles, including scenes of market places and market trade. Artists focused on the exotic beauty of the land – the markets, caravans and snake charmers. Islamic architecture also became favorite subject
3449:
Although there is great variety among the bazaars of this region, there are three recurring elements, in addition to the general network of market streets. One element is the individual shops or booths that line each side of a market street. The shops are usually small spaces open to the street and
772:
In the Middle East, the bazaar is considered to be "the beating heart of the city and a symbol of
Islamic architecture and culture of high significance." Today, bazaars are popular sites for tourists and some of these ancient bazaars have been listed as world heritage sites or national monuments on
3726:
In tribal areas, where seasonal souks operated, neutrality from tribal conflicts was usually declared for the period of operation of a souk to permit the unhampered exchange of surplus goods. Some of the seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and became associated with particular
3373:
Though each neighbourhood within the city would have a local souk selling food and other essentials, the main bazaar was one of the central structures of a large city, selling durable goods, luxuries and providing services such as money exchange. Workshops where goods for sale are produced (in the
549:
in Iran was an important period for the development of urbanization and commerce. In
Sassanid Iran, the bazaar was usually the heart of a town or city, where it spread outwards and affected the development of other neighbourhoods. The bazaar usually contained, or was adjoined by, an open-air plaza
560:
In pre-Islamic Arabia, two types of souks existed: permanent urban markets and temporary seasonal markets. The temporary seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and became associated with particular types of produce. Suq Hijr in
Bahrain was noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was
3514:
In Iran and
Central Asia, the permanent bazaar is likewise in the centre of a city and had common architectural elements. These bazaars acted as financial centers of the city and were traditionally overseen by the state. Some Iranian bazaars are organized around one long market street from which
3761:
Europeans often saw
Orientals as the opposite of Western civilization; the peoples could be threatening- they were "despotic, static and irrational whereas Europe was viewed as democratic, dynamic and rational." At the same time, the Orient was seen as exotic, mysterious, a place of fables and
3450:
occupied by merchants. They are typically equipped with large shutters which can be closed and locked when the shopkeeper is away. Another element is a more secure market area, usually centrally located and consisting of streets that were covered or roofed. This complex is variably known as a
3383:
was the official in charge of regulating and policing the bazaar and other aspects of urban life. They monitored things such as weights and measures, pricing, cleanliness, noise, and traffic circulation, as well as being responsible for other issues of public morality. They also investigated
3366:, which provided support to merchants but also to clients. The exact details of the organizations varied from region to region. Each guild had rules that members were expected to follow, but they were loose enough to allow for competition. Guilds also fulfilled some functions similar to
3706:
Weekly markets have continued to function throughout the Arab world. Most of them are named from the day of the week on which they are held. They usually have open spaces specifically designated for their use inside cities. Examples of surviving markets are the Wednesday Market in
272:, but it refers to an outdoor market held at regular intervals, not a permanent structure containing shops. English place names usually translate "çarşı" (shopping district in a downtown or downtown itself) as "bazaar" when they refer to an area with covered streets or passages.
561:
known for its spices and perfumes. In spite of the centrality of the Middle East in the history of souks, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence. However, documentary sources point to permanent marketplaces in cities from as early as 550 BCE.
3674:
A temporary, seasonal souk is held at a set time that might be yearly, monthly or weekly. The oldest souks were set up annually, and were typically general festivals held outside cities. For example, Souk Ukadh was held yearly in pre-Islamic times in an area between
3820:
was a notable American example of a 19th-century artist and author in the Orientalism genre. His parents were wealthy tea and spice merchants who were able to fund his travels and interest in painting. In 1895 Weeks wrote and illustrated a book of travels titled
3727:
types of produce such as Suq Hijr in Bahrain, noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for its spices and perfumes. In spite of the centrality of the Middle Eastern market place, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence.
624:, not much is known about the early history of bazaars and it remains a topic of ongoing research. Most of the surviving urban commercial structures in the Islamic world date from the 16th century or later, though some preserved urban
4048:
602:
in 622 CE. He designated an open, unbuilt space as the market area and forbade both the construction of permanent structures and the levying of taxes in this area. Eight years later, he is said to have appointed a market inspector
3362:, the texitle souk, the spice souk, the leather souk, the booksellers' souk, etc. This promotes competition among sellers and helps buyers easily compare prices. Merchants specialized in each trade were also organized into
709:
During the Islamic period in Iran, bazaars developed along the same lines as those of the Sassanid period. Up to the 11th century, the bazaar developed more commonly in the suburbs outside the city walls that enclosed the
170:
culture led to the publication of many books about daily life in Middle Eastern countries. Souks, bazaars and the trappings of trade feature prominently in paintings and engravings, works of fiction and travel writing.
3868:
Although these works were purportedly non-fiction, they were notoriously unreliable. Many of these accounts provided detailed descriptions of market places, trading and commerce. Examples of travel writing include:
3852:
Many English visitors to the Orient wrote narratives around their travels. British Romantic literature in the Orientalism tradition has its origins in the early eighteenth century, with the first translations of
3775:
matter. Some of these works were propaganda designed to justify European imperialism in the East, however many artists relied heavily on their everyday experiences for inspiration in their artworks. For example,
3357:
Bazaars or souks are traditionally divided into specialized sections dealing in specific types of product, each usually housed in a few narrow streets and named after the product it specializes in such as the
3741:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans conquered and excavated parts of North Africa and the Levant. These regions now make up what is called the Middle East, but in the past were known as the
539:, noted that in Egypt, roles were reversed compared with other cultures and Egyptian women frequented the market and carried on trade, while the men remain at home weaving cloth. He also described
3654:
or caravanserai buildings elsewhere, with a courtyard enclosed by two storeys. The ground floor was usually used for storage and for stabling horses, while the upper floor housed merchants.
2073:
3949:
706:. In some cities, such as Cairo and Aleppo, the main bazaar was initially focused along one important street and then progressively grew and branched off into the surrounding streets.
143:
Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed studies of the evolution of bazaars, the earliest evidence for the existence of bazaars or souks dates to around 3000
182:
life; in the Middle East, souks tend to be found in a city's old quarter. Bazaars and souks are often important tourist attractions. A number of bazaar districts have been listed as
3991:
747:. The revenues generated by these buildings were typically earmarked to support the upkeep of religious complexes sponsored by these same patrons, through the legal framework of a
174:
Shopping at a bazaar or market-place remains a central feature of daily life in many Middle-Eastern and South Asian cities and towns and the bazaar remains the beating heart of
4029:
242:
In North American and Europe, the English word "bazaar" can denote more generically a shop or market selling miscellaneous items. It can also refer in particular to a sale or
553:
Historically, bazaars were also held outside cities at locations where incoming caravans stopped and merchants displayed their goods for sale. Bazaars were established at
4014:
3934:
514:
and information could be exchanged. Sources from around the same era also indicate that ancient Greeks regulated trade in areas at the center of their cities around
3825:
Other notable painters in the Orientalist genre who included scenes of street life and market-based trade in their work are Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904),
3519:
s (caravanserais) built in the area. They acted as warehouses, production centers, wholesale centers, hostels for merchants, and offices for conducting business.
743:(14th to 20th centuries), the construction of commercial buildings in and around the bazaar was often sponsored by sultans, ruling elites, or by members of the
3857:(translated into English from the French in 1705–08). The popularity of this work inspired authors to develop a new genre, the Oriental tale. Samuel Johnson's
6273:
946:
679:
both built structures in the market of Medina and levied taxes there, while purpose-built markets were built in early Islamic cities further abroad such as
5663:"Social bazaar and commercial bazaar: comparative study of spatial role of Iranian bazaar in the historical cities in different socio-economical context"
4086:
4067:
3816:
who lived for several years in a traditional mansion in Cairo, painted highly detailed works showing realistic genre scenes of Middle Eastern life.
4536:
4101:
5902:
5464:
Karimi, M., Moradi, E. and Mehr, R., "Bazaar, As a Symbol of Culture and the Architecture of Commercial Spaces in Iranian-Islamic Civilization,"
5983:
5680:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5634:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5400:
Kuban, Doğan (2011). "Bazaar, Anatolia and the Balkans". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
5275:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5192:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5108:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
3500:. They could serve a variety of functions including an inn for travelers and merchants, a manufacturing center, a trade venue, or a warehouse.
5601:
5580:
5366:
Floor, Willem (2011). "Bazaar, Iran and Central Asia". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
5935:
3384:
complaints about cheating or the quality of goods. The equivalent official could be known by other titles in different regions, such as the
3784:
The Oriental female wearing a veil was a particularly tempting subject because she was hidden from view, adding to her mysterious allure.
7075:
3696:
5953:
4486:
667:
Muhammad's prohibition against constructing permanent buildings and levying taxes in the market began to be disregarded as early as the
3919:
2749:
109:. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets that have doors on each end and served as a city's central marketplace.
6503:
3618:
s could be independent markets built outside the main bazaar area, such as those built as part of large religious complexes like the
1061:
3972:
3896:
5489:
4843:
O'Meara, Simon (2011). "Bazaar, Arab lands". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
3337:
7019:
5558:
5510:
3712:
2724:
800:
in Aleppo is the largest covered historic market in the world, with an approximate length of 13 kilometers. It is part of the
7080:
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4729:
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4116:
4896:
4592:
3541:
In the cities that developed under the Ottoman Empire, there was generally one central bazaar area, known in Turkish as the
120:, where it referred to a town's public market district. The term bazaar is sometimes also used to refer collectively to the
2113:
4216:– a morning market, typically a wet market that trades from dawn until midday, found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.
7014:
5836:
4869:
2729:
2491:
1655:
501:
districts dedicated to trade and commerce. Archeological data also suggests the existence of market districts in ancient
3350:
Shopping at a souk or market place is part of daily life throughout much of the Middle East. Prices are commonly set by
2088:
7152:
5976:
2734:
4507:
702:) in particular. Markets that sold the most important or expensive goods were usually located near the city's central
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5339:
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2078:
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4306:
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1275:
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and were able to negotiate with the government on behalf of merchants or represent their interests when needed.
239:. The term spread from Persian into Arabic, now used throughout the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent.
7085:
6766:
2171:
1285:
540:
292:
The word "souk" in the Arabic-speaking world is roughly equivalent to "bazaar". The Arabic word is a loan from
7065:
7060:
7055:
6011:
5969:
5810:
2466:
617:
in Islamic cities, an official in charge of overseeing public morality and regulating weights and measures.
7162:
7070:
7050:
7045:
7024:
6897:
6285:
6129:
6021:
5581:
https://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-and-tourism/doha-s-sprawling-souk-enters-the-modern-age-1.420872
5142:
Pourjafar, Mohammadreza; Amini, Masoome; Hatami Varzaneh, Elham; Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad (2014-03-01).
3561:('covered market'), is a famous example. Additionally, several types of market structures were common: the
3330:
3011:
872:
620:
Despite the importance of the bazaar to economic life and the prominence of marketplace terminology in the
5903:"Compararative Sustainability of Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies in Isfahan and Tabriz"
5862:
Les Mystères de l'Égypte Dévoilés, (French Edition) (originally published in 1865), Elibron Classics, 2006
3687:. While a busy market, it was more famous for its poetry competitions, judged by prominent poets such as
147:. Cities in the ancient Middle East appear to have contained commercial districts. Later, in the historic
6046:
4949:
Staff, Press Boulevard Company; Press, Oxford University; Staff, Oxford University Press (1999). "souk".
4154:
2899:
2657:
2652:
2595:
2166:
525:
233:
183:
4979:
Architecture and Urban Transformation of Historical Markets: Cases from the Middle East and North Africa
4226:
commercial district, typically in the form of a local market street that is closed to vehicular traffic.
483:
are often covered rows of stalls much like those seen elsewhere in the region, selling produce, spices,
6448:
4773:
3766:. A proliferation of both Oriental fiction and travel writing occurred during the early modern period.
2781:
2662:
1729:
986:
793:
5239:
4871:
Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects
3808:(1827–1910) who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and commerce. French painter
159:, and certain architectural forms, such as roofed streets and courtyard buildings known in English as
7157:
6041:
6031:
5452:
Le Khan al-Khalili et ses environs: Un centre commercial et artisanal au Caire du XIIIe au XXe siècle
4143:
3849:
A proliferation of both Oriental fiction and travel writing occurred during the early modern period.
3826:
3812:
visited Istanbul in the 17th century and painted pastels of Turkish domestic scenes. British painter
3793:
2714:
2709:
2176:
2083:
1322:
1216:
6253:
6072:
569:
7147:
6998:
6281:
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was a solid stone building, typically rectangular and roofed by domes, with shops inside. Like the
3374:
case of a merchant selling locally-made products) are typically located away from the souk itself.
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35:
17:
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in Tunisia. This process seems to have accelerated during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (
6545:
6097:
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4039:
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2829:
2744:
2647:
2585:
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2406:
2055:
2043:
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893:
454:
418:
318:
63:
6016:
5030:
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4639:
4478:
1991:
6751:
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6092:
5057:
4977:
4334:
4244:
3627:
2794:
2719:
2396:
888:
846:
4666:
580:(14th century), one of the oldest preserved urban commercial structures in the Islamic world
7097:
6851:
6149:
6144:
6134:
6119:
6102:
6087:
6077:
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6006:
5992:
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New York, Laynfaroh, 2005; Meagher, J., "Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art," , Online:
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3813:
2181:
1305:
1300:
1188:
913:
908:
903:
898:
883:
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393:
3792:
Notable artists in the Orientalist genre include: Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904),
3446:
integrated with its urban surroundings and with other important institutions of the city.
509:
to conduct international trade, but no archeological evidence for them has been found. In
8:
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6611:
6550:
6443:
6124:
6107:
6082:
6061:
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3614:
is usually an elongated market structure or market street with shops lining its façades.
3503:
2939:
2929:
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2543:
2486:
2476:
2446:
2411:
2391:
1205:
1011:
981:
918:
653:
529:
297:
5144:"Role of bazaars as a unifying factor in traditional cities of Iran: The Isfahan bazaar"
3841:(1827–1910), who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and commerce.
3640:('Egyptian Market') in Istanbul is also one of the largest and best-known examples. The
1697:
6036:
2869:
2804:
2789:
2759:
2558:
2553:
2538:
2431:
2426:
2120:
2093:
1692:
1280:
1250:
1236:
789:
724:
151:, bazaars typically shared in common certain institutions, such as the position of the
5947:
4210:
that opens in the evening, typically held in the street in residential neighbourhoods.
3834:
3801:
520:
buildings. The ideas of Greek city planning were spread to the Middle East during the
163:. The exact details of their evolution and organization varied from region to region.
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2481:
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2436:
2421:
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2015:
1399:
1143:
837:
657:
510:
5785:
5736:
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2270:
7142:
6963:
6771:
6649:
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6213:
5756:
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4123:
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2038:
1946:
1836:
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1255:
1158:
991:
785:
736:
263:
129:
117:
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beauty. This fascination with the other gave rise to a genre of painting known as
3056:
389:
6938:
6756:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6468:
6228:
5811:"The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Age: Topic 4: Overview"
5681:
5635:
5540:
5276:
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5109:
5084:
4950:
4719:
4426:
4289:
4005:
3874:
3430:
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3166:
3021:
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2914:
2814:
2704:
2610:
2451:
2255:
1981:
1846:
1712:
1702:
1665:
1431:
1098:
1041:
1031:
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445:
409:
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offers performance acts such as singing, music, acrobats and circus activities.
3061:
1976:
1941:
6912:
6907:
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6698:
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6233:
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The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720,
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2518:
2510:
2310:
2240:
1956:
1931:
1784:
1734:
1682:
1620:
1565:
1468:
1332:
1290:
1153:
1138:
1046:
1021:
966:
956:
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668:
647:
573:
251:
219:
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1936:
7136:
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4239:
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2317:
1826:
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1407:
1362:
1295:
1221:
809:
777:
703:
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314:) by the 19th century. The English word can also be spelled "suq" or "souq".
148:
719:
7122:
6877:
6139:
4515:
4189:
4179:
3631:
3473:
3278:
3201:
3091:
2996:
2879:
2672:
2060:
2033:
1951:
1881:
1861:
1650:
1610:
1599:
1384:
1347:
1113:
854:
766:
625:
554:
175:
160:
102:
98:
86:
6243:
4560:
4219:
4182:– a terminal market or market for second hand goods (South Asia), such as
2330:
2322:
2201:
821:
6724:
6458:
6438:
5450:
Denoix, Sylvie; Depaule, Jean-Charles; Tuchscherer, Michel, eds. (1999).
5141:
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4195:
4169:
3963:
3763:
3736:
3608:
in other regions, it hosted the most important and luxurious trades. The
3367:
3288:
3243:
3141:
2981:
2345:
1966:
1921:
1856:
1764:
1687:
1540:
1535:
1342:
1260:
1231:
1226:
1081:
502:
379:
375:
348:
226:
212:
90:
5265:
Book I (The Babylonians), c. 440BC, translated by G.C. Macaulay, c. 1890
6922:
6882:
6693:
6428:
6341:
6277:
5961:
5957:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 559.
5910:
International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering
4925:
4213:
3692:
3442:
3351:
3253:
3181:
3161:
3156:
2754:
2620:
2441:
2250:
2028:
1961:
1908:
1774:
1677:
1560:
1327:
1183:
1118:
1006:
951:
247:
179:
144:
106:
46:
31:
7029:
6943:
6781:
5588:
5527:
5305:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Market, covered".
4614:"bazaar - Origin and meaning of bazaar by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3441:
Permanent bazaars were established in urban zones, usually within the
1103:
820:, is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2007.
6714:
6672:
6654:
6423:
6346:
6291:
6238:
5723:
5477:
4207:
4203:
3720:
3688:
3680:
3359:
3263:
3233:
3096:
2924:
2889:
2864:
2667:
2625:
2615:
2265:
1789:
1550:
1498:
1463:
1173:
976:
941:
817:
650:
in Baghdad, built in 1359 as part of a larger architectural complex.
536:
480:
401:
328:
58:
42:
1016:
761:
6683:
6644:
6581:
6524:
6498:
6463:
6361:
6182:
5798:
New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period,
5721:
New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period,
5330:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Caravanserai".
4748:
4199:
4001:
3588:
3552:
3298:
3211:
3191:
3176:
2971:
2944:
2300:
2260:
2206:
1794:
1575:
1530:
1483:
1473:
1357:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1056:
1026:
816:, Iran, was listed by UNESCO in 2010. The Bazaar of Qaisiyariye in
728:
692:
661:
610:
585:
204:
167:
152:
121:
67:
50:
41:"Souq" redirects here. For the city in Iran of a similar name, see
6846:
6192:
3131:
3126:
3071:
2340:
825:
199:
6993:
6816:
6801:
6791:
6776:
6629:
6473:
6371:
6301:
6248:
4159:
3904:
3716:
3580:
3397:
3303:
3273:
3228:
3196:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3081:
3076:
3006:
2961:
2919:
2799:
2401:
2228:
2103:
2098:
1779:
1739:
1707:
1525:
1493:
1133:
781:
577:
465:
383:
293:
94:
5735:
Meagher, J., "Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art," , Online:
2142:
773:
the basis of their historical, cultural or architectural value.
280:
140:
and refers to marketplaces in the Middle East and North Africa.
6953:
6902:
6892:
6887:
6840:
6811:
6786:
6761:
6688:
6634:
6560:
6508:
6488:
6376:
6366:
6351:
6336:
5427:
Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and its Culture
3623:
3535:
3283:
3268:
3258:
3111:
3066:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2874:
2824:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2245:
2211:
2159:
2152:
2137:
2132:
2068:
2022:
1996:
1986:
1886:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1841:
1816:
1804:
1799:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1645:
1630:
1570:
1555:
1503:
1478:
1367:
1352:
1337:
1178:
1148:
1128:
1123:
1086:
813:
688:
599:
595:
484:
475:, and holds a prominent role in everyday life. Markets such as
469:
433:
137:
71:
7104:
3745:
Europeans sharply divided peoples into two broad groups – the
3406:
also shared responsibilities with other officials such as the
2001:
1821:
1717:
327:
refers to markets in both the physical sense and the abstract
6968:
6948:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6539:
6529:
6478:
6433:
6418:
6412:
6386:
6381:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6296:
6177:
5946:
5936:
Iran Chamber Society on Architecture of the Bazaar at Isfahan
4311:
4223:
3708:
3700:
3676:
3667:
3434:
3393:
3363:
3308:
3238:
3171:
3121:
3116:
3101:
2884:
2849:
2844:
2834:
2819:
2687:
2677:
2600:
2350:
2285:
2127:
2108:
1971:
1926:
1916:
1891:
1876:
1749:
1640:
1585:
1580:
1545:
1515:
1168:
1163:
1036:
1001:
961:
936:
931:
805:
680:
621:
285:
5782:
Orientalists: Western Artists in Arabia, the Sahara, Persia,
5683:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5637:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5541:"Bazaar of Qaisariye in Laar - UNESCO World Heritage Center"
5278:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5195:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5111:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
3883:
Road Trip Diary of a Painter in the Atlas and the Anti-Atlas
6958:
6917:
6703:
6677:
6534:
6453:
6269:
5602:"Perfecting the haggle: why it's always worth walking away"
4952:
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English
4247:– a covered passageway with stores along one or both sides.
3476:, this type of building is known in different regions as a
3408:
3186:
3106:
2859:
2692:
2682:
2196:
2147:
1744:
1635:
1051:
996:
971:
749:
684:
516:
243:
186:
due to their historical and/or architectural significance.
125:
5334:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 353–355.
5309:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 464–465.
4192:– a bazaar that raises money for non-profit organisations.
5559:"Turkey's bazaar added to temporary UNESCO Heritage list"
765:
Mule moving goods around in the car-free Medina quarter,
5511:"eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history"
5449:
5091:
Socco est l'altération espagnole du mot arabe souk (...)
646:) date from earlier periods. The oldest of these is the
5089:(in French). Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie. p. 219.
5332:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
5307:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
5281:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 14–15.
4724:. University of Miami Press. Section Three: Purchase.
3865:
is another example of the Romantic Orientalism genre.
3730:
3354:, also known as haggling, between buyers and sellers.
296:"šūqā" ("street, market"), itself a loanword from the
5640:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 1–50.
5198:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 3–15.
4413:
4376:
4356:
4283:
711:
5667:
5th International Space Syntax Symposium Proceedings
5583:; Ramkumar, E.S., "Eid Shopping Reaches Crescendo,"
5114:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 4–5.
4707:
4440:
3888:
3861:(1759) is mid-century example of the genre. Byron's
3648:
3595:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3466:
3451:
3413:
3401:
3378:
784:, which includes numerous long market streets (e.g.
641:
635:
629:
611:
604:
589:
459:
423:
357:
341:
333:
322:
302:
166:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Western interest in
153:
5874:
La Vie et l'Oeuvre de Jacques Majorelle: 1886–1962,
5454:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
5221:"Tabriz Historical Bazaar in the context of change"
4339:
3711:that specializes in the sale of used products, the
550:that served as a forum of socio-economic activity.
5086:Villes et solitudes: croquis d'Europe et d'Afrique
4714:Benveniste, Émile; Lallot, Jean (1 January 1973).
4396:
331:sense (e.g., an Arabic-speaker would speak of the
5786:http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm
5737:http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm
5686:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 4.
4537:"Bazaars and Bazaar Merchants | Encyclopedia.com"
609:), a position that likely evolved into the later
45:. For the village in Iran of a similar name, see
7134:
5900:
5757:https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/20048/lot/2070/
5424:
5329:
5304:
5218:
4713:
4059:Egypt: Descriptive, Historical, and Picturesque,
831:
5751:London, J. Landseer, 1814 as cited in Bonham's
4948:
5575:"Doha's Sprawling Souk Enters the Modern Era,
5490:"eAleppo: The old Souks of Aleppo (in Arabic)"
3787:
85:is a marketplace consisting of multiple small
5977:
4176:) an open air bazaar or market in South Asia.
3641:
3635:
3609:
3602:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3542:
3458:
3331:
804:, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 in
267:
4137:
3823:From the Black Sea through Persia and India.
671:(7th to 8th centuries). The Umayyad caliphs
584:According to traditional Muslim narratives,
370:In northern Morocco, the Spanish corruption
351:
309:
5503:
5219:Hanachi, Pirooz; Yadollahi, Solmaz (2011).
4894:
4842:
4658:
4445:. In English, the word can also be spelled
347:for oil, and would call the concept of the
308:was then borrowed into English via French (
211:The origin of the word "bazaar" comes from
5984:
5970:
5889:The Persian Bazaar: Veiled Space of Desire
5429:. The American University in Cairo Press.
3719:specializing in pets; the Fina’ Market in
3695:. An example of an Islamic annual souk is
3421:
3338:
3324:
2750:On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
5901:Assari, Ali; T.M.Mahesh (December 2011).
5679:
5633:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5274:
5191:
5159:
5107:
4901:History of the Akkadian Language (2 vols)
4867:
4838:
3859:History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia,
3844:
5991:
5941:
5059:Tangier: A Literary Guide For Travellers
5055:
5009:. Oxford University Press. p. 695.
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
3941:Cashmere Travellers in a Street of Delhi
3661:
3521:
3502:
3425:
760:
718:
652:
598:shortly after arriving there during the
568:
388:
279:
198:
57:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5300:
5298:
5082:
4664:
4631:
3779:, who was born in India, published the
3666:Cayenne peppers at the Souk Al Milh in
505:. Markets centers must have existed in
495:
14:
7135:
5384:
5348:
5237:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
4671:. Oxford University Press. p. 8.
4668:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
4644:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104.
4055:Carpet Merchant in the Khan el Khaleel
2725:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
828:was placed on tentative list in 2020.
5965:
5891:(Mage Publications) by Mehdi Khansari
5753:Fine Books and Manuscripts Catalogue,
5660:
5599:
5399:
5365:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5002:
4975:
4815:
4743:
4741:
4165:Types of markets, bazaars and souks:
4023:by Amedeo Preziosi, late 19th century
3377:Historically, in Islamic cities, the
5897:(Agah Publications) by Azita Rajabi.
5895:The Morphology of the Persian Bazaar
5673:
5618:
5295:
5268:
5263:Herodotus: The History of Herodotus,
4903:. Vol. 2. Brill. p. 1506.
4665:Daryaee, Touraj (16 February 2012).
4637:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4301:
739:(13th to 16th centuries) and in the
30:For the version control system, see
5876:, ARC Internationale edition, 1988.
5589:http://www.arabnews.com/node/304533
5528:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346
5443:
5323:
5176:
5148:Frontiers of Architectural Research
5006:Paperback Oxford English Dictionary
4982:. Taylor & Francis. p. 2.
4430:
4406:
4386:
4293:
4273:
3731:In art and literature – Orientalism
2730:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
2385:National literatures of Arab States
449:
413:
352:
300:"sūqu" ("street"). The Arabic word
24:
7020:Influences on Western architecture
5882:
5829:Literary Orientalism: A Companion,
5771:Cengage Learning, 2010, pp 330–331
5654:
5538:
5478:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170
5128:
5096:
4923:
4738:
4721:Indo-European Language and Society
4716:"Chapter Nine: Two Ways of Buying"
3657:
2735:The Incoherence of the Incoherence
25:
7174:
5929:
4577:
4529:
4466:
3928:, by Edwin Lord Weeks, circa 1885
3889:Gallery of paintings and drawings
3871:Les Mysteres de L'Egypte Devoiles
3769:
564:
7116:
7103:
6191:
5425:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
4115:
4110:in Cairo, by David Roberts, 1838
4100:
4085:
4066:
4047:
4028:
4013:
3990:
3971:
3948:
3933:
3918:
3895:
3646:is similar in function to other
861:
132:who work in that area. The term
6989:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
5866:
5854:
5841:
5821:
5803:
5790:
5774:
5761:
5741:
5729:
5713:
5700:
5593:
5569:
5551:
5539:Center, UNESCO World Heritage.
5532:
5525:Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex,
5517:
5482:
5467:
5458:
5418:
5256:
5231:
5212:
5076:
5049:
5023:
4996:
4969:
4942:
4917:
4888:
4861:
4791:
4766:
4685:
4595:from the original on 2009-04-22
4489:from the original on 2012-06-22
4230:Markets and retail in general:
4095:in Cairo by David Roberts, 1838
3507:A covered market street in the
756:
697:
365:
339:in the old city as well as the
49:. For the online retailer, see
5710:Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 330
4606:
4553:
4500:
4420:
4263:
541:The Babylonian Marriage Market
189:
13:
1:
5831:New Delhi, Viva Books, 2009,
5402:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
5368:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
5225:ICOMOS Conference Proceedings
4899:. In Vita, Juan-Pablo (ed.).
4845:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
4778:Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
4638:Ayto, John (1 January 2009).
4512:Lexico Dictionaries | English
4460:
4127:
4122:Timcheh Amin-o-Dowleh in the
832:Organization and institutions
257:
7081:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
5669:. Netherlands: Techne Press.
5661:Nejad, Reza Masoudi (2005).
5240:"Herodotus on the Egyptians"
5083:Rivière, Paul-Louis (1908).
4868:Corriente, Federico (2008).
4312:
3715:market held every Friday in
588:established a market place (
89:or shops, especially in the
7:
5938:(archived 30 December 2007)
5767:Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L.,
5706:Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L.,
5600:Islam, Sanam (2010-03-27).
5227:. Paris, France: 1028–1039.
4955:. Oxford University Press.
4930:Online Etymology Dictionary
4441:
4414:
4397:
4377:
4357:
4340:
4284:
4155:List of Orientalist artists
4148:
3788:Notable Orientalist artists
3683:during the sacred month of
3649:
3596:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3467:
3452:
3414:
3402:
3400:(northwestern Africa), the
3379:
2900:One Thousand and One Nights
712:
642:
636:
630:
612:
605:
590:
460:
424:
358:
342:
334:
323:
303:
266:, the word was borrowed as
184:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
154:
10:
7179:
6449:Islamic geometric patterns
5860:Audouard, O. (de Jouval),
5244:World History Encyclopedia
5238:Thamis (18 January 2012).
5161:10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.001
4895:Huehnergard, John (2021).
4803:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
4141:
4093:Bazaar of the Coppersmiths
3943:by Edwin Lord Weeks, 1880s
3734:
3628:Sultanahmet Mosque complex
2663:Arcs of Descent and Ascent
1730:Andalusian classical music
1656:Arabic musical instruments
987:Islamic geometric patterns
835:
794:UNESCO World Heritage Site
490:
40:
29:
27:Type of public marketplace
7153:Persian words and phrases
7094:
7038:
7007:
6981:
6931:
6883:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
6860:
6744:
6737:
6663:
6620:
6569:
6517:
6395:
6311:
6262:
6200:
6189:
6170:
6163:
5999:
4483:www.collinsdictionary.com
4366:
4349:
4329:
4321:
4144:List of bazaars and souks
4138:List of bazaars and souks
3827:Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps
3794:Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps
2710:The Theology of Aristotle
2177:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
2074:Love in Arabic literature
1323:Arabic geometric patterns
1286:Islamic hardstone carving
1217:Ancient South Arabian art
788:) and bazaar areas (e.g.
194:
6999:Museum with No Frontiers
4897:"The Legacy of Akkadian"
4256:
3433:, the central bazaar of
2079:Arabic erotic literature
1276:Palestinian wood carving
374:is often used as in the
7110:Architecture portal
5954:Encyclopædia Britannica
5056:Shoemake, Josh (2013).
5003:Waite, Maurice (2012).
4565:Encyclopedia Britannica
3620:Selimiye Mosque complex
3555:, known locally as the
3532:Selimiye Mosque complex
3422:Layout and architecture
2586:Islamic Aristotelianism
2581:Early Arabic Philosophy
677:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
275:
36:Bazaar (disambiguation)
7015:Indo-Saracenic Revival
6415:(multicoloured ashlar)
5769:Cultural Anthropology,
5708:Cultural Anthropology,
5579:, 25 February 2011, "
4976:Hamza, Neveen (2022).
4040:Anton Robert Leinweber
3877:published in 1865 and
3845:Orientalist literature
3835:Eugène Alexis Girardet
3802:Eugène Alexis Girardet
3671:
3642:
3636:
3610:
3603:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3543:
3538:
3511:
3459:
3438:
3223:South Arabian deities
2745:Theologus Autodidactus
1626:Rhythm in Arabic music
769:
732:
664:
581:
524:period, following the
429:
404:, often simply called
319:Modern Standard Arabic
310:
289:
268:
208:
74:
34:. For other uses, see
6752:Congregational mosque
6210:(four-arch structure)
5749:Antiquities of Dacca,
5032:DK Eyewitness Morocco
4874:. Brill. p. 25.
4695:. Dictionary.com, LLC
4142:Further information:
3926:Street Scene in India
3735:Further information:
3665:
3525:
3506:
3429:
3052:North Arabian deities
2956:Fictional Arab people
2795:Atlantis of the Sands
2720:The Book of the Apple
1301:Islamic ivory carving
764:
722:
656:
628:(commonly known as a
572:
535:The Greek historian,
487:, and even clothing.
392:
283:
202:
61:
7076:Ottoman architecture
7066:Moorish architecture
7061:Islamic architecture
7056:Iranian architecture
6479:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
6333:(or müezzin mahfili)
5993:Islamic architecture
5851:Palgrave, 2004, p. 6
4541:www.encyclopedia.com
4251:History of marketing
4198:– a night market in
4108:Bazaar El Moo Ristan
4057:, from Georg Ebers,
3814:John Frederick Lewis
3810:Jean-Étienne Liotard
3781:Antiquities of Dacca
2182:Modern Arabic poetry
1857:Gnawa (North Africa)
1698:Classical Arab music
745:Ottoman royal family
496:Origins in antiquity
7163:Shopping (activity)
7113: •
7100: •
7086:Yemeni architecture
7071:Mughal architecture
7051:Berber architecture
7046:Arabic architecture
6710:Salsabil (fountain)
6444:Islamic calligraphy
4926:"Etymology of souk"
4172:– (also known as a
4008:, late 19th century
3956:Bazaar in Samarkand
3839:William Holman Hunt
3806:William Holman Hunt
3388:in Istanbul or the
2855:Iram of the Pillars
2114:Mirrors for princes
1661:Great Book of Music
1394:(Arabian Peninsula)
982:Islamic calligraphy
792:), was listed as a
753:(legal endowment).
530:Alexander the Great
246:to raise money for
6787:Kuttab (or maktab)
4618:www.etymonline.com
3958:, illustration by
3885:published in 1922
3855:The Arabian Nights
3672:
3539:
3512:
3439:
3437:(photo from 1880s)
2977:Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad
2805:Beast of the Earth
2760:Sicilian Questions
2591:Islamic Platonism
2544:Arabic mathematics
2094:Arabic short story
2089:Literary_criticism
1281:Islamic embroidery
1251:Arabic calligraphy
790:Kissariat al-Kifah
770:
733:
665:
582:
464:) shares a common
430:
394:Shuk Mahane Yehuda
290:
234:Proto-Indo-Iranian
209:
75:
7130:
7129:
6977:
6976:
6733:
6732:
6720:Shading Umbrellas
6504:Stucco decoration
6404:For overview, see
6219:Four-centred arch
5747:D'Oyly, Charles,
5693:978-1-61797-346-8
5647:978-1-61797-346-8
5587:13 October 2007,
5288:978-1-61797-346-8
5205:978-1-61797-346-8
5121:978-1-61797-346-8
5069:978-0-85773-376-4
5042:978-0-7440-8192-3
5016:978-0-19-964094-2
4989:978-1-000-64546-0
4962:978-0-425-16995-7
4924:Harper, Douglas.
4910:978-90-04-44521-5
4881:978-90-04-16858-9
4731:978-0-87024-250-2
4678:978-0-19-973215-9
4651:978-1-4081-0160-5
4561:"Bazaar | market"
4439:
4412:
4395:
4375:
4355:
4338:
4310:
4282:
4036:Souk des étoffes,
3879:Jacques Majorelle
3831:Frederic Leighton
3798:Frederic Leighton
3630:in Istanbul. The
3348:
3347:
2648:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
2559:Arabic technology
2554:Arabic psychology
2539:Arabic Golden Age
1306:Islamic Metalwork
1062:Stucco decoration
838:Islamic economics
658:Al-Hamidiyah Souq
458:
422:
16:(Redirected from
7170:
7158:Iranian folklore
7123:Islam portal
7121:
7120:
7119:
7108:
7107:
6742:
6741:
6407:Islamic ornament
6286:South Asian dome
6214:Discharging arch
6195:
6168:
6167:
6012:Anatolian Seljuk
5986:
5979:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5950:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5907:
5877:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5845:
5839:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5815:www.wwnorton.com
5807:
5801:
5794:
5788:
5778:
5772:
5765:
5759:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5717:
5711:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5631:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5597:
5591:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5536:
5530:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5486:
5480:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5397:
5382:
5381:
5363:
5346:
5345:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5302:
5293:
5292:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5189:
5174:
5173:
5163:
5139:
5126:
5125:
5105:
5094:
5093:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4840:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4753:Britannica Money
4745:
4736:
4735:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4514:. Archived from
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4475:
4454:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4411:romanized:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4360:
4354:romanized:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4267:
4132:
4129:
4119:
4104:
4089:
4070:
4051:
4032:
4017:
3998:The Grand Bazaar
3994:
3983:Alexandre Defaux
3975:
3952:
3937:
3922:
3911:Edwin Lord Weeks
3899:
3818:Edwin Lord Weeks
3652:
3645:
3639:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3546:
3509:Bazaar of Tabriz
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3470:
3462:
3455:
3417:
3405:
3390:amir-i bazariyan
3382:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3017:Princess Jasmine
3002:Layla and Majnun
2987:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2935:She-Camel of God
2930:Shams al-Ma'arif
2740:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2606:Sufi metaphysics
2534:Arabic geography
2529:Arabic astronomy
2524:Arabic astrology
2519:Arabic chemistry
2084:Arabic grimoires
2064:
1837:Chaabi (Morocco)
1832:Chaabi (Algeria)
1616:Arab tone system
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1266:Arabic miniature
992:Islamic ornament
865:
842:
841:
737:Mamluk Sultanate
715:
701:
699:
645:
639:
633:
615:
608:
606:'āmil 'alā l-sūq
593:
463:
453:
451:
427:
417:
415:
361:
355:
354:
345:
337:
326:
313:
306:
271:
157:
116:originates from
21:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7148:Islamic culture
7133:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7117:
7115:
7102:
7090:
7034:
7025:Moorish Revival
7003:
6973:
6939:Albarrana tower
6927:
6856:
6843:in modern Iran)
6757:Dar al-Muwaqqit
6729:
6680:(fountain type)
6665:
6659:
6622:
6616:
6607:Reflecting pool
6602:Persian gardens
6597:Paradise garden
6565:
6542:(entrance hall)
6513:
6469:Nagash painting
6391:
6313:
6307:
6258:
6229:Lambrequin arch
6196:
6187:
6159:
6130:Sudano-Sahelian
5995:
5990:
5932:
5919:
5917:
5905:
5885:
5883:Further reading
5880:
5872:Marcilhac, F.,
5871:
5867:
5859:
5855:
5846:
5842:
5837:978-813091264-6
5826:
5822:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5800:Routledge, 2016
5795:
5791:
5779:
5775:
5766:
5762:
5746:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5718:
5714:
5705:
5701:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5632:
5619:
5610:
5608:
5598:
5594:
5574:
5570:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5537:
5533:
5522:
5518:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5495:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5459:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5423:
5419:
5412:
5398:
5385:
5378:
5364:
5349:
5342:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5257:
5248:
5246:
5236:
5232:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5190:
5177:
5140:
5129:
5122:
5106:
5097:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5062:. I.B. Tauris.
5054:
5050:
5043:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4990:
4974:
4970:
4963:
4947:
4943:
4934:
4932:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4841:
4816:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4712:
4708:
4698:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4598:
4596:
4589:Merriam-Webster
4583:
4582:
4578:
4569:
4567:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4545:
4543:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4492:
4490:
4477:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4425:
4421:
4298:Ottoman Turkish
4268:
4264:
4259:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4120:
4111:
4105:
4096:
4090:
4081:
4074:Inside the Souk
4071:
4062:
4052:
4043:
4033:
4024:
4021:The Silk Bazaar
4018:
4009:
4006:Amadeo Preziosi
3995:
3986:
3976:
3967:
3953:
3944:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3914:
3900:
3891:
3875:Olympe Audouard
3863:Oriental Tales,
3847:
3790:
3772:
3739:
3733:
3660:
3658:Temporary souks
3431:Khan el-Khalili
3424:
3344:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3217:Isāf and Nā'ila
3048:
3038:
3037:
3036:
2950:Zarqa al Yamama
2815:Book of Wonders
2784:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2705:Liber de Causis
2611:Sufi philosophy
2575:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2549:Arabic medicine
2513:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2062:
2056:Epic literature
2018:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1847:Fann at-Tanbura
1666:Kitab al-Aghani
1602:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1256:Arabic graffiti
1208:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1099:Albarrana tower
1042:Reflecting pool
1032:Nagash painting
924:
875:
840:
834:
759:
696:
567:
498:
493:
368:
278:
260:
250:purposes (e.g.
197:
192:
54:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7176:
7166:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7128:
7127:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7039:Category pages
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6913:Medina quarter
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6748:
6746:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6699:Riwaq (arcade)
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6626:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:Islamic garden
6584:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6410:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6234:Multifoil arch
6231:
6226:
6224:Horseshoe arch
6221:
6216:
6211:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5948:"Bazaar"
5945:, ed. (1911).
5943:Chisholm, Hugh
5939:
5931:
5930:External links
5928:
5927:
5926:
5898:
5892:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5865:
5853:
5840:
5827:Kidwai, A.R.,
5820:
5802:
5789:
5773:
5760:
5740:
5728:
5712:
5699:
5692:
5672:
5653:
5646:
5617:
5592:
5568:
5550:
5545:whc.unesco.org
5531:
5516:
5502:
5481:
5475:Medina of Fez,
5466:
5457:
5442:
5435:
5417:
5410:
5383:
5376:
5347:
5340:
5322:
5315:
5294:
5287:
5267:
5255:
5230:
5211:
5204:
5175:
5127:
5120:
5095:
5075:
5068:
5048:
5041:
5022:
5015:
4995:
4988:
4968:
4961:
4941:
4916:
4909:
4887:
4880:
4860:
4853:
4814:
4790:
4765:
4737:
4730:
4706:
4684:
4677:
4657:
4650:
4630:
4605:
4576:
4552:
4528:
4499:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4419:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4211:
4193:
4187:
4184:Medina quarter
4177:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4121:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4072:
4065:
4063:
4053:
4046:
4044:
4034:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4010:
3996:
3989:
3987:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3954:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3917:
3915:
3909:, painting by
3901:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3846:
3843:
3837:1853–1907 and
3804:1853-1907 and
3789:
3786:
3777:Charles D'Oyly
3771:
3770:Subject-matter
3768:
3751:East or Orient
3732:
3729:
3659:
3656:
3423:
3420:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2992:Kara Ben Nemsi
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:Abdul Alhazred
2964:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2765:Fusus al-Hikam
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Al-aql al-faal
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2311:Arabic prosody
2307:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2063:(ryhmed prose)
2058:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1785:Qudud Halabiya
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Andalusi nubah
1732:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1683:Arabic hip hop
1680:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1621:Algerian scale
1618:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:Robe of honour
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1499:Tarboush (fez)
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:(North Africa)
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Damascus steel
1330:
1325:
1320:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Islamic garden
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Arabic pottery
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:Medina quarter
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Multifoil arch
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Horseshoe arch
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
877:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
858:
857:
855:Arabic culture
851:
850:
833:
830:
810:Bazaar complex
802:Ancient Aleppo
798:Al-Madina Souk
758:
755:
741:Ottoman Empire
700: 724–743
691:in Egypt, and
669:Umayyad period
648:Khan al-Mirjan
574:Khan al-Mirjan
566:
565:Islamic period
563:
497:
494:
492:
489:
468:origin of the
367:
364:
359:as-sūq al-ḥurr
277:
274:
259:
256:
252:charity bazaar
220:Middle Persian
196:
193:
191:
188:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7175:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7125:
7124:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7099:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6898:Hasht-Bihisht
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6772:Jama'at Khana
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6592:Mughal garden
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6310:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6194:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6156:
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6151:
6148:
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6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
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6114:
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6109:
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6101:
6099:
6096:
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6040:
6038:
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6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
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6002:
5998:
5994:
5987:
5982:
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5934:
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5915:
5911:
5904:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5850:
5847:MacLean, G.,
5844:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5799:
5796:Houston, C.,
5793:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5725:
5722:
5719:Houston, C.,
5716:
5709:
5703:
5695:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5607:
5603:
5596:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5564:
5563:www.aa.com.tr
5560:
5554:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5520:
5512:
5506:
5491:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5470:
5461:
5453:
5446:
5438:
5436:9789774160776
5432:
5428:
5421:
5413:
5411:9789004161658
5407:
5403:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5379:
5377:9789004161658
5373:
5369:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5343:
5341:9780195309911
5337:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5316:9780195309911
5312:
5308:
5301:
5299:
5290:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5271:
5264:
5259:
5245:
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5222:
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5123:
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5065:
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5034:
5033:
5026:
5018:
5012:
5008:
5007:
4999:
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4985:
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4980:
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4958:
4954:
4953:
4945:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4912:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4891:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4854:9789004161658
4850:
4846:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4733:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4710:
4694:
4688:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4634:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4518:on 2021-04-17
4517:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4364:
4359:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:Shopping mall
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4222:- a style of
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4125:
4124:Kashan Bazaar
4118:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4078:Charles Wilda
4075:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4045:
4042:, before 1921
4041:
4037:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3931:
3927:
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3916:
3912:
3908:
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3898:
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3886:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3833:(1830–1896),
3832:
3829:(1803–1860),
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3800:(1830–1896),
3799:
3796:(1803–1860),
3795:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3747:European West
3744:
3738:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3699:just outside
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3685:Dhu al-Qi'dah
3682:
3678:
3669:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3637:Mısır Çarşısı
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3554:
3550:
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3404:
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3175:
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3115:
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3110:
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3100:
3098:
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3090:
3088:
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3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3032:Talia al Ghul
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
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2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Book of Idols
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2777:
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1432:Arab Maghreb
1430:
1428:
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1412:
1410:(Mesopotamia)
1406:
1404:
1400:Arab Mashriq
1398:
1396:
1390:
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1381:
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1363:Pseudo-Arabic
1361:
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1296:Islamic glass
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1222:Nabataean art
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787:
786:Tala'a Kebira
783:
779:
778:Medina of Fez
774:
768:
763:
754:
752:
751:
746:
742:
738:
730:
726:
721:
717:
714:
707:
705:
704:Friday mosque
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
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659:
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632:
627:
626:caravanserais
623:
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579:
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562:
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547:Sassanid rule
544:
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531:
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477:Mahane Yehuda
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161:caravanserais
158:
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149:Islamic world
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73:
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65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
7114:
7101:
7098:Islamic arts
6878:Caravanserai
6872:
6403:
6357:Loudspeakers
6282:Persian dome
6244:Pointed arch
6042:Indo-Islamic
6032:Great Seljuk
5952:
5918:. Retrieved
5913:
5909:
5894:
5888:
5873:
5868:
5861:
5856:
5848:
5843:
5828:
5823:
5814:
5805:
5797:
5792:
5781:
5780:Davies, K.,
5776:
5768:
5763:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5731:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5656:
5636:
5609:. Retrieved
5606:The National
5605:
5595:
5584:
5577:The National
5576:
5571:
5562:
5553:
5544:
5534:
5524:
5519:
5513:(in Arabic).
5505:
5494:. Retrieved
5484:
5474:
5469:
5460:
5451:
5445:
5426:
5420:
5401:
5367:
5331:
5325:
5306:
5277:
5270:
5262:
5258:
5247:. Retrieved
5243:
5233:
5224:
5214:
5194:
5154:(1): 10–19.
5151:
5147:
5110:
5090:
5085:
5078:
5058:
5051:
5035:. DK. 2022.
5031:
5025:
5005:
4998:
4978:
4971:
4951:
4944:
4933:. Retrieved
4929:
4919:
4900:
4890:
4870:
4863:
4844:
4806:. Retrieved
4802:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4777:
4768:
4757:. Retrieved
4755:. 2024-04-06
4752:
4720:
4709:
4697:. Retrieved
4687:
4667:
4660:
4641:Word Origins
4640:
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4617:
4608:
4597:. Retrieved
4588:
4579:
4568:. Retrieved
4564:
4555:
4544:. Retrieved
4540:
4531:
4520:. Retrieved
4516:the original
4511:
4502:
4491:. Retrieved
4482:
4450:
4446:
4422:
4265:
4229:
4190:Meena Bazaar
4180:Landa bazaar
4173:
4164:
4107:
4092:
4073:
4061:Vol. 1, 1878
4058:
4054:
4035:
4020:
3997:
3978:
3955:
3940:
3925:
3902:
3882:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3822:
3791:
3780:
3773:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3705:
3673:
3647:
3632:Spice Bazaar
3615:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3549:Grand Bazaar
3540:
3527:
3516:
3513:
3474:caravanserai
3465:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3407:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3372:
3368:trade unions
3356:
3349:
3279:Dhul Khalasa
3222:
3221:
3051:
3046:Spirituality
3022:Ra's al Ghul
2997:King Marsile
2955:
2954:
2880:Magic carpet
2769:
2698:
2697:
2631:
2630:
2467:Saudi Arabia
2383:
2382:
2309:
2308:
2234:
2233:
2187:
2186:
2158:
2157:
2119:
2118:
2049:
2048:
2021:
1896:
1822:Algerian Raï
1810:
1809:
1723:
1722:
1671:
1670:
1651:Quarter tone
1611:Arabic maqam
1605:
1509:
1508:
1453:
1372:
1348:Hedwig glass
1311:
1310:
1244:
1243:
1211:
1193:
1114:Caravanserai
1108:
1092:
1091:
925:
923:
878:
873:Architecture
775:
771:
767:Fes, Morocco
757:21st century
748:
734:
708:
666:
619:
583:
559:
555:caravanserai
552:
545:
534:
515:
499:
472:
441:
437:
431:
405:
397:
396:, a popular
371:
369:
340:
332:
316:
301:
291:
261:
241:
237:*wahā-čarana
236:
229:
222:
215:
210:
173:
165:
142:
133:
113:
111:
103:North Africa
99:Central Asia
82:
78:
76:
64:Grand Bazaar
55:
6725:Windcatcher
6706:(courtyard)
6459:Mosque lamp
6439:Girih tiles
6396:Decorations
6274:Arabic dome
5492:. Esyria.sy
4235:Marketplace
4196:Pasar malam
4170:Haat bazaar
4131: 1800
4076:, Cairo by
3966:novel, 1893
3964:Jules Verne
3960:Léon Benett
3764:Orientalism
3737:Orientalism
3558:Kapalıçarşı
2982:Battal Gazi
2167:Anthologies
1967:Raqs Sharqi
1922:Belly dance
1765:Iraqi maqam
1693:Arabic jazz
1688:Arabic rock
1541:Fouta towel
1343:Girih tiles
1261:Arab carpet
1232:Fatimid art
1227:Islamic art
1082:Windcatcher
947:Arabic dome
503:Mesopotamia
436:, the term
380:Petit Socco
376:Grand Socco
353:السوق الحرّ
349:free market
227:Old Persian
213:New Persian
190:Terminology
180:South Asian
136:comes from
91:Middle East
7137:Categories
7008:Influences
6923:Well house
6694:Mashrabiya
6342:Hussainiya
6278:Onion dome
6069:Indonesian
6057:Qutb Shahi
5916:(9): 18–24
5611:2023-07-03
5585:Arab News,
5496:2013-10-05
5249:2023-06-15
4935:2024-05-25
4808:2024-05-25
4759:2024-05-25
4599:2021-10-13
4570:2021-10-13
4546:2021-10-13
4522:2021-10-13
4493:2021-10-13
4461:References
4214:Pasar pagi
3979:The Bazaar
3693:Al-Nabigha
3597:qayṣariyya
3573:, and the
3453:qayṣariyya
3443:city walls
3352:bargaining
3254:Dhat-Badan
3182:Theandrios
3162:Baalshamin
3157:Atarsamain
3012:Palamedes
2755:Muqaddimah
2715:Al-isharat
2621:Avicennism
2573:Philosophy
2442:Mauritania
2251:Muwashshah
2216:Khamriyyah
2016:Literature
1962:Ouled Nail
1775:Muwashshah
1678:Arabic pop
1237:Mamluk art
1184:Well house
1119:Bimaristan
1007:Mashrabiya
836:See also:
824:Bazaar in
725:Old Bazaar
713:shahristān
673:Mu'awiya I
511:Achaemenid
366:Variations
258:Variations
248:charitable
203:Bazaar in
176:West Asian
107:South Asia
47:Shuk, Iran
32:GNU Bazaar
6982:Resources
6745:Religious
6715:Shabestan
6673:Hypostyle
6655:Shadirvan
6424:Arabesque
6347:Imamzadeh
6312:Religious
6292:Semi-dome
6239:Ogee arch
6208:Chahartaq
6171:Materials
6098:Almoravid
6073:Malaysian
5920:6 January
5724:Routledge
5404:. Brill.
5370:. Brill.
5170:2095-2635
4847:. Brill.
4436:romanized
4392:romanized
4372:romanized
4335:romanized
4307:romanized
4279:romanized
4220:Shōtengai
4208:Singapore
4204:Indonesia
4038:Tunis by
3721:Marrakech
3697:Al Mirbid
3689:Al-Khansa
3579:(Turkish
3396:. In the
3360:gold souk
3097:Al-Kutbay
2925:Shadhavar
2890:Mount Qaf
2865:Karkadann
2782:Mythology
2668:Asabiyyah
2626:Averroism
2457:Palestine
2379:Mutadārik
2376:Mutaqārib
2367:Mujtathth
2219:Tardiyyah
2039:Classical
1982:Schikhatt
1947:Khaleegy
1724:Art music
1551:Jellabiya
1464:Battoulah
1318:Arabesque
1312:Features
1174:Shadirvan
977:Hypostyle
942:Arabesque
926:Features
894:Nabataean
822:Kemeraltı
818:Lar, Iran
796:in 1981.
537:Herodotus
526:conquests
481:Jerusalem
455:romanized
419:romanized
402:Jerusalem
321:the term
130:craftsmen
122:merchants
112:The term
43:Suq, Iran
7096:Part of
6932:Military
6868:Baradari
6861:Civilian
6684:Jharokha
6645:Mechouar
6582:Charbagh
6525:Andaruni
6499:Socarrat
6464:Muqarnas
6362:Maqsurah
6254:Vaulting
6183:Tadelakt
6164:Elements
6113:Zayyanid
6093:Aghlabid
5523:UNESCO,
5473:UNESCO,
4799:"Bazaar"
4774:"bazaar"
4749:"bazaar"
4699:11 March
4693:"Bazaar"
4623:29 March
4593:Archived
4508:"bazaar"
4487:Archived
4479:"bazaar"
4224:Japanese
4200:Malaysia
4149:See also
4126:, Iran,
4002:Istanbul
3757:and the
3749:and the
3604:bedesten
3591:bedesten
3589:Ottoman
3564:bedesten
3553:Istanbul
3460:bedesten
3403:muḥtasib
3386:kedkhoda
3380:muḥtasib
3212:Yarhibol
3192:Malakbel
3062:Al-‘Uzzá
2972:Ali Baba
2945:Zulfiqar
2632:Concepts
2616:Farabism
2407:Djibouti
2364:Muqtaḍab
2358:Munsariħ
2301:Ghinnawa
2276:Riddles
2261:Mathnawi
2023:Language
1977:Shamadan
1942:Hagallah
1795:Tahmilah
1576:Takchita
1536:Durra'ah
1531:Djellaba
1510:Clothing
1484:Madhalla
1474:Keffiyeh
1454:Headwear
1408:Mashriq
1402:(Levant)
1358:Muqarnas
1077:Voussoir
1072:Vaulting
1067:Tadelakt
1057:Socarrat
1027:Muqarnas
847:a series
845:Part of
731:, Kosovo
729:Pristina
693:Kairouan
662:Damascus
613:muḥtasib
586:Muhammad
522:Seleucid
406:the Shuk
384:Tangiers
329:economic
298:Akkadian
288:, Jordan
284:Souk in
205:Sanandaj
168:oriental
155:muḥtasib
68:Istanbul
51:Souq.com
7143:Bazaars
7030:Mudéjar
6994:ArchNet
6944:Alcázar
6817:Musalla
6802:Maqbara
6792:Madrasa
6782:Külliye
6777:Khanqah
6767:Gongbei
6666:cooling
6664:Passive
6630:Chhatri
6623:objects
6621:Outdoor
6570:Gardens
6546:Mirador
6484:Shabaka
6474:Qashani
6429:Banna'i
6372:Minaret
6314:objects
6304:(eaves)
6302:Chhajja
6249:Squinch
6150:Umayyad
6145:Timurid
6135:Swahili
6120:Ottoman
6103:Almohad
6088:Moorish
6078:Iranian
6047:Bengali
6027:Fatimid
6022:Chinese
6017:Ayyubid
6007:Abbasid
4438::
4403:Kurdish
4394::
4374::
4363:Bengali
4346:Punjabi
4337::
4309::
4281::
4270:Persian
4160:Bazaari
3905:Moorish
3743:Orient.
3717:Baghdad
3670:, Yemen
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3581:cognate
3530:of the
3491:samsara
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3229:Almaqah
3197:Orotalt
3152:Al-Qaum
3147:Aglibol
3082:Chaabou
3077:Dushara
3027:Sindbad
3007:Othello
2962:Aladdin
2920:Shaddad
2800:Bahamut
2511:Science
2487:Tunisia
2472:Somalia
2447:Morocco
2432:Lebanon
2402:Comoros
2397:Bahrain
2392:Algeria
2370:Muḍāriʿ
2305:Humayni
2229:Hamasah
2121:Islamic
2104:Tezkire
2099:Tabaqat
1992:Tanoura
1932:Deheyeh
1827:Bedouin
1780:Qasidah
1740:Bashraf
1713:Khaliji
1708:Al Jeel
1561:Macawis
1526:Burnous
1494:Tantour
1489:Taqiyah
1426:(Sudan)
1424:Mawset
1418:(Egypt)
1416:Mawset
1392:Khalij
1385:Cuisine
1328:Banna'i
1134:Madrasa
1104:Alcázar
957:Gardens
952:Banna'i
914:Moorish
909:Fatimid
904:Abbasid
899:Umayyad
884:Islamic
782:Morocco
735:In the
578:Baghdad
491:History
466:Aramaic
457::
421::
294:Aramaic
264:Turkish
232:, from
225:, from
218:, from
126:bankers
118:Persian
95:Balkans
18:Bazaars
6954:Kasbah
6903:Kasbah
6893:Hammam
6888:Ghorfa
6873:Bazaar
6852:Zawiya
6841:takyeh
6812:Mosque
6762:Dargah
6689:Kucheh
6635:Eidgah
6561:Zenana
6509:Zellij
6494:Sitara
6489:Shamsa
6377:Minbar
6367:Mihrab
6352:Kiswah
6337:Gonbad
6201:Arches
6155:Yemeni
6125:Somali
6108:Hafsid
6083:Mamluk
6062:Mughal
6052:Deccan
6000:Styles
5835:
5755:2012,
5726:, 2016
5690:
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4728:
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4648:
4585:"souk"
4427:Arabic
4358:bazāra
4350:ਬਜ਼ਾਰ।
4330:बाज़ार
4290:Arabic
4245:Arcade
4080:, 1892
3985:, 1856
3962:for a
3913:, 1873
3907:Bazaar
3759:other.
3624:Edirne
3616:Arasta
3611:arasta
3570:arasta
3567:, the
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3528:arasta
3497:wakāla
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3364:guilds
3284:Haukim
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3259:Haubas
3249:Salman
3244:Athtar
3112:Azizos
3067:Al-Lat
2940:Wāḳwāḳ
2910:Qutrub
2905:Qareen
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2870:Kujata
2825:Dandan
2790:Ababil
2492:U.A.E.
2427:Kuwait
2422:Jordan
2361:Khafīf
2351:Rajaz
2296:Nabati
2291:Mawwal
2281:Kharja
2271:Nasīb
2266:Ruba'i
2256:Urjūza
2246:Qasida
2241:Diwan
2222:Khawal
2212:Ghazal
2202:Rithā'
2188:Genres
2160:Poetry
2153:Aqidah
2138:Hadith
2133:Tafsir
2069:Maqama
2044:Modern
1997:Yowlah
1987:Tahtib
1957:Mizmar
1937:Guedra
1887:Shaabi
1872:Mezwed
1867:Mawwal
1852:Fijiri
1817:Ataaba
1805:Waslah
1800:Taqsim
1790:Sama'i
1770:Mawwal
1760:Malhun
1755:Layali
1672:Genres
1646:Teslim
1631:Taqsim
1606:Theory
1571:Sirwal
1556:Kaftan
1504:Turban
1479:Litham
1368:Zellij
1353:Kiswah
1338:Damask
1212:Styles
1189:Zawiya
1179:Tekyeh
1149:Mosque
1129:Kasbah
1124:Hammam
1109:Bazaar
1087:Zellij
1017:Mosaic
919:Mamluk
889:Yemeni
879:Styles
814:Tabriz
808:. The
689:Fustat
643:wakāla
631:funduq
600:Hijrah
596:Medina
485:halvah
470:Arabic
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434:Israel
425:ha-Šūq
410:Hebrew
324:al-sūq
207:, Iran
195:Bazaar
138:Arabic
114:bazaar
93:, the
87:stalls
79:bazaar
72:Turkey
6969:Ribat
6964:Qalat
6949:Amsar
6908:Mahal
6847:Türbe
6837:Takya
6832:Surau
6827:Rauza
6822:Qubba
6807:Mazar
6797:Maqam
6738:Types
6650:Sebil
6540:Liwan
6530:Harem
6518:Rooms
6434:Girih
6419:Alfiz
6413:Ablaq
6387:Zarih
6382:Qibla
6331:Dikka
6326:Bedug
6321:Anaza
6297:Tajug
6263:Roofs
6178:Qadad
6140:Tatar
6037:Hausa
5906:(PDF)
4415:bazar
4407:بازاڕ
4398:bazār
4387:بازار
4378:bājār
4367:বাজার
4341:bāzār
4326:Hindi
4322:bozor
4318:Uzbek
4313:pazar
4302:پازار
4294:بازار
4285:bâzâr
4274:بازار
4257:Notes
4004:, by
3981:, by
3713:Ghazl
3709:Amman
3701:Basra
3681:Ta’if
3677:Mecca
3668:Sanaa
3544:çarşı
3494:, or
3464:, or
3435:Cairo
3415:hakim
3394:Delhi
3309:Yatha
3299:Ya'uq
3239:Anbay
3177:Suwa'
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3142:Abgal
3132:Manāt
3127:Manāt
3122:Quzah
3117:Bajir
3102:Asira
3087:Manaf
3072:Manāt
3057:Allah
2885:Marid
2850:Ifrit
2845:Houri
2835:Ghoul
2830:Falak
2820:Buraq
2699:Texts
2688:Qadar
2678:Irfan
2658:Peace
2653:Dhati
2601:Kalam
2497:Yemen
2482:Syria
2477:Sudan
2462:Qatar
2437:Libya
2412:Egypt
2373:Sarīʿ
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2336:Kamil
2331:Basīṭ
2327:Madīd
2323:Ṭawīl
2286:Zajal
2235:Forms
2225:Fakhr
2193:Madih
2172:Poets
2128:Quran
2109:Rihla
2050:Prose
2034:Paleo
1972:Samri
1927:Dabke
1917:Ardah
1909:Dance
1892:Zajal
1877:Samri
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1600:Music
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1002:Liwan
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681:Basra
640:, or
622:Quran
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6640:Fina
6612:Riad
6577:Bagh
6556:Qa’a
6551:Hosh
6535:Iwan
6454:Jali
6270:Dome
5922:2013
5833:ISBN
5688:ISBN
5642:ISBN
5431:ISBN
5406:ISBN
5372:ISBN
5336:ISBN
5311:ISBN
5283:ISBN
5200:ISBN
5166:ISSN
5116:ISBN
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5011:ISBN
4984:ISBN
4957:ISBN
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4876:ISBN
4849:ISBN
4785:2024
4726:ISBN
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4673:ISBN
4646:ISBN
4625:2018
4447:souq
4383:Urdu
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473:souk
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