110:
94:
826:
199:
3221:
3210:
801:
787:
773:
745:
759:
2132:
7361:
3453:
3360:
2877:
7484:
2998:
7496:
2387:
2547:
7305:
2490:
1090:
7472:
1035:
3712:
2926:
2370:. On the eve of Germany's occupation of Minsk, some members of the disbanded Belarusian National Council emerged from hiding and formed a provisional government, hoping to achieve German recognition. However, the Germans did not recognise it as another assembly in Vilna was created under their auspices. The Minsk and Vilna organisations issued a joint proclamation on 25 March establishing the
2773:
4648:Закон Республики Беларусь № 1085-XII от 19 сентября 1991 года № 1085-XII «О названии Белорусской Советской Социалистической Республики и внесении изменений в Декларацию Верховного Совета Белорусской Советской Социалистической Республики о государственном суверенитете Белорусской Советской Социалистической Республики и Конституцию (Основной Закон) Белорусской ССР»
2378:
government less jurisdiction compared to the one in
Ukraine. An increase in repression by the Germans also led to an agrarian revolt, although not as violent as the one in Ukraine, which benefitted the communists. The communist underground were directed by the party's Northwestern Regional Committee in Smolensk, which aimed for an alliance with the peasantry.
2917:. On 24 November the Polish units left the town, and for nearly a month the Slutsk partisans resisted Soviet attempts to re-gain control of the area. Eventually the Red Army had to mobilise two divisions to overcome the resistance, when the last units of Slutsk militia crossed the Moroch River and interned by the Polish border guards.
2412:. After Germany was defeated in the First World War, it announced its evacuation from the occupied territories. The Germans began to depart in November 1918; however, there was no nationalist organisation in Belarus that was capable of assuming political authority, unlike in Ukraine. On 13 November, Moscow annulled the
2374:(BDR) with German approval. The new government also sought material aid from Germany. The more radical nationalists who disapproved of collaboration with the Germans went to the communists and fled to Russia. The communists who did not escape to the east during the German occupation were driven underground.
2318:
government in
Belarus was established at the end of December by communist organs in Minsk with the support of Russian troops of the Western Front. However, its authority only extended to the regions occupied by pro-communist forces and the major cities, where the local soviets followed Bolshevik leadership.
2989:, Russia returned most of territories that made up the Vitebsk and Mogilev Governorates, as well as parts of Smolensk. The passing of land that largely survived the destruction of war not only doubled the SSRB's area to 110,600 square kilometres, but also raised the population to 4.2 million people.
2945:
An interesting paradox arose in the status of SSRB within the future
Bolshevik state. On one hand its small geographic, population and almost negligent economic indicators did not warrant it much political weight on Soviet affairs. In fact the leader of the Communist Party of Byelorussia (Bolshevik),
2476:
Republic of
Byelorussia (SSRB). This was conferred by the First Congress of deputies, composed of workers, soldiers and Red Army soldiers, which met on 2–3 February 1919, to adopt a new socialist constitution. The Red Army continued its westward advance, capturing the city of Grodno on New Year's Day
2268:
governorates that were not occupied by the German army, to administer the
Belarusian lands in the frontal zone. On 26 November (6 December), the Executive Committee of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies for the Western Oblast was merged with the Western front's executive committee, creating a
3150:
Economically the republic remained largely self-centred, and most of the effort was put into restoring and repairing the war-damaged industry (if in 1923 there was only 226 different fabrics and factories, then by 1926 the number climbed to 246. However, the employed manpower jumped from 14 thousand
2317:
as a military formation, rather than governmental. As a result, on 7 (20) December, when the first All-Belarusian
Congress convened, the Minsk Bolsheviks commanded the pro-Soviet troops to disbanded it. Following this, they proclaimed the rule of soviets dominated by the Bolsheviks. The first Soviet
2711:
The stalemate and the occasional, though fruitless, negotiations gave Russia a much needed pause to concentrate on other regions. During the latter half of 1919, the Red Army successfully defeated
Denikin in the south, taking over the Don, North Caucasus and eastern Ukraine, and pushed Kolchak from
2702:
offered the
Belarusians federal ties instead; however, the Polish occupation authorities disregarded the social radicalism of the masses and nationalist sentiments among parts of the Belarusian intelligentsia, with the Poles ordering for the lands confiscated by the communists to be returned to the
2568:
numbering approximately 2,000 soldiers under
General Wejtko, began to fight against the local communist and advancing Bolshevik forces. Each side was trying to secure the territories for its own government. The newly formed Polish Army began sending its organised units to reinforce the militias. On
2424:
on 17 November. The
Belarusian National Republic barely resisted, evacuating Minsk on 3 December. The Soviets maintained a distance of about 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi) between the two armies, and took Minsk on 10 December. As the Red Army re-occupied Belarus, the soviets in the country were
2542:
rivers. However, the region to the east of those lines was historically mixed among a population of Belarusians, Poles and Lithuanians, with a sizeable Jewish minority. The local communities of each respective group wanted to be part of the respective states that were establishing themselves.
2377:
In the spring of 1918, the Germans disapproved of the socialist inclinations of the nationalists in the Belarusian government and forced a change in leadership of the puppet government; however, the Germans were also displeased with him and removed him. As a result, the Germans permitted the
2894:, the Soviet side saw the armistice as only a temporary setback in its western advance. Seeing the failure of overcoming the Polish nationalist rhetoric with Communist propaganda, the Soviet government chose a different tactic, by appealing to the minorities of the Polish state, creating a
3232:. According to incomplete calculations, about 600,000 people fell victim to Soviet repressions in Belarus between 1917 and 1953. Other estimates put the number at higher than 1.4 million persons., of which 250,000 were sentenced by judicial or executed by extrajudicial bodies (
2812:
In June, the RSFSR was finally ready to open its major Western advance. To preserve the neutrality of Lithuania (though the peace treaty was still being negotiated), on 6 June the exiled government of Litbel was disbanded. Within a few days, the 3rd Cavalry Corps under command of
2755:
Lenin feared that a Polish offensive was incoming, and offered to accept the current frontline as a permanent border between Poland and Russia, which would include nearly all of Belarus going to Poland. However, Piłsudski had greater ambitions, and he also made an agreement with
3494:
it states, "Laws, decrees and other acts which were applied in the territory of the Republic of Belarus prior to the entry into force of the present Constitution shall apply in the particular parts thereof that are not contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus."
2937:
putting an end of hostilities in Europe, and Belarus in particular. Six years of war had left the land neglected and looted, and the endless change of occupying regimes, each worse than the previous, left their mark on the Belarusian people, who were now divided. Almost half
2428:
Encouraged by their success, in Smolensk on 30–31 December 1918, the Sixth Western Oblast Party conference met and announced its split from the Russian Communist Party, proclaiming itself as the first congress of the Communist Party of Byelorussia (KP(b)B). The next day, the
2690:
By late summer of 1919, the Polish advance was also exhausted. The defeat of the Red Army allowed the outbreak of another historic disagreement over territory between Poland and Lithuania; their competition to control the city of Vilna soon erupted into a
3119:, which made up 82% of the rural population, but less than half of the urban one (40.1%). The Belarusian national sentiment was a lot weaker than that of neighbouring Ukraine, this was greatly exploited by the Bolshevik-Polish power struggle in the
2942:) now belonged to Poland. Eastern Belarus (Gomel, Vitebsk and parts of Smolensk guberniyas) were administered by the RSFSR. The rest was the SSRB, a republic with 52,400 square kilometres and a population of a mere 1.544 million people.
2211:
in Russia in February 1917, activated a rather dormant political life in Belarus. As central authority waned, different political and ethnic groups strived for greater self-determination and even secession from the increasingly ineffective
2796:
on Kiev, which although was initially successful, ended in a Polish defeat. The Soviet Red Army was much more organised than it was a year earlier, and though Polish troops managed to make several gains in Ukraine, notably the capture of
5576:
188:
2969:
concept, and as said above, viewed the Treaty of Riga as only a temporary setback to the process, and a future advance would require a prepared bridgehead. This justified giving the SSRB the status of a full union republic within the
2906:. During the negotiations, RSFSR offered all of BSSR to Poland in return for concessions in Ukraine, which were rejected by the Polish side. Eventually a compromising armistice line was agreed, which would see the Belarusian city of
2251:
hit Russia; that same day, on 25 October (7 November) 1917, the Minsk Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies took over the administration of the city. The Bolshevik All-Russian Council of Soviets declared the creation of the
2118:
renamed the Soviet republic to the Republic of Belarus, with the short form "Belarus". Conservative forces in the newly independent Belarus did not support the name change and opposed its inclusion in the 1991 draft of the
4615:Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Беларусь от 18 сентября 1991 г. № 1078-XII «О делегировании народных депутатов БССР и народных депутатов СССР в состав Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от Белорусской ССР»
3100:– to allocate land to Jewish families, in 1926 a total of 32,700 hectares were given for 6,860 Jewish families. Jews would continue to play a major role in Byelorussian politics, society and economy right up to the
3432:. Belarus received independence on 25 December 1991. A day later the Soviet Union ceased to exist. However, the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Republic of Belarus of 1978, was retained after independence.
4647:
1984:
591:
2985:. In accordance with which, expansionist and irredentist claims were removed from Soviet ideology, which instead would focus on making regions economically viable. Thus in March 1924, by decree of the
186:
2913:
News of Belarus' upcoming permanent division angered the population, and using the town's Polish occupation, the local population began self-organising into a militia and associating itself with the
2326:
The Russo-German front in Belarus remained static since 1915 and formal negotiations began only on 19 November (2 December N.S.), when the Soviet delegation traveled to the German-occupied city of
7807:
4626:Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Беларусь от 19 сентября 1991 г. № 1087-XII «О делегировании народных депутатов СССР в состав Совета Союза Верховного Совета СССР от Республики Беларусь»
3344:. At least 5,295 Belarusian settlements were destroyed by the Germans and some or all their inhabitants killed (out of 9,200 settlements that were burned or otherwise destroyed in Belarus during
2852:(as chairmen of the Central Committee of the Belarusian Communist Party). The SSRB sought to join further territories, as the Red Army crossed into Poland, but the decisive Polish victory at the
2333:
However, the German party soon went back on its word and took full advantage of the situation, and the Bolsheviks' demand of a treaty "without annexations or indemnities" was unacceptable to the
1630:
3258:
or kulak family members to regions outside the Belarusian Soviet Republic. The scale of Soviet terror in Belarus was higher than in Russia or Ukraine which resulted in a much stronger extent of
2651:
in early April, but the Western Army was too thinly spread to fight both the Polish and Lithuanian troops, and the German units assisting them. The Polish offensive quickly gained momentum, and
2232:, formed a Belarusian Central Council. However, the national parties in Belarus were unable to secure mass support, and the nationalist movement was confined to a small, divided and ineffective
2817:
broke the Polish front, causing a collapse and a retreat. On 11 July Minsk was re-taken, and on 31 July 1920 once again the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belorussia was re-established in Minsk.
3416:, the republic proclaimed its political and economic independence from the Soviet Union, however, continued to consider herself part of the USSR. On 19 September the republic was renamed the
7030:
2184:
being occupied by Germany. The resulting front, passing at 100 kilometres to the west of Minsk, remained static towards the end of the conflict, despite Russian attempts to break it at the
1328:
2695:, with Poland winning. Facing Denikin and Kolchak, Soviet Russia could not spare men for the western front. A stalemate with localised skirmishes developed between Poland and Lithuania.
5356:
3475:(CPSU/KPSS). Like all other Soviet republics, it was one of the 15 constituent republics composing the Soviet Union from its entry into the union in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991.
2341:
was of immediate success, and within 11 days, they were able to make a serious advance eastward, taking over Ukraine, the Baltic region, and occupying eastern Belarus. This forced the
187:
3383:
together with the Soviet Union and Ukrainian SSR, becoming one of the founding members of the UN. This was part of a deal with the United States to ensure a degree of balance in the
198:
7553:
5815:
1956:
955:
949:
3734:
breads are consumed in Belarus, but rye is more plentiful because conditions are too harsh for growing wheat. Many of the cuisines within Byelorussia also shared its cuisine with
2729:
961:
2360:, which was signed on 3 March 1918. For the German Empire, Operation Faustschlag achieved one of their strategic plans for World War I, to create a German-centered hegemony of
109:
7283:
3178:
that was held at the same time reported a population of 4,982,623. Of the latter 83% was rural, and Belarusians made up 80.6% (though only 39.2% of urban, yet 89% of rural).
7380:
3151:
to 21.3 thousand workers). The majority was food industry followed by metal and wood working combines. A lot more was centred in local and private sector, as allowed by the
3143:
was widely implemented. Belarusian language, folklore and culture was put at front of everything else. This went on par with the Soviet policy of liquidation of illiteracy (
3088:
made up only around 2% of the total population (most of the latter lived next to the state border in the Minsk and Borisov districts). The most important minority was the
506:
237:
2856:
in August ended these ambitions. Once again, the Red Army found itself on the defensive in Belorussia. The Poles were able to successfully break the Russian lines at the
2072:. This asserted that the territories are all Russian and all the peoples are also Russian; in the case of the Belarusians, that they were variants of the Russian people.
2229:
5106:
2954:. Moreover, the weak national sentiment of the Belarusian people would easily have allowed SSRB to be disbanded and annexed to the RSFSR, unlike for example Ukraine.
2820:
As the front moved west, and more Belarusian lands were adjoined to the new republic, the first administrative decrees were issued. The entity was divided into seven
1393:
940:
2667:'s decree put all of Litbel's armed forces under the command of the Red Army. On 17 July, the Defence Soviet was liquidated, and its function was passed to Minsk's
373:
3009:, in 1925 SSRB was a largely rural country. Out of the 4,342,800 people that inhabited it, only 14.5% lived in urban areas. Administratively it was split into ten
1620:
1952:
with Lithuania, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia was re-founded on 31 July 1920 and later became known as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
7528:
6662:
5790:
2868:
too. However early autumn rains halted the Polish advance, which exhausted itself by October. A cease-fire agreed on 12 October, came into effect on 18 October.
2628:. However, the Belarusian nationalists disapproved that the republic was being expanded, and Zhylunovich resigned shortly after, followed by other nationalists.
4593:ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ВЕРХОВНОГО СОВЕТА БЕЛОРУССКОЙ ССР от 25 августа 1991 г. № 1019-XII «Об обеспечении политической и экономической самостоятельности Белорусской ССР»
7827:
7782:
6667:
4014:
28 July 1990 from Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Byelorussian SSR, the provision on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Byelorussia on power was excluded
3026:
1625:
1444:
2698:
The Polish Sejm had also declared that the territories of Belarus were an inalienable part of the Polish Commonwealth. As the Sejm was voting for annexation,
6296:
6077:
4536:
2498:
1941:
1700:
750:
7743:
3353:
2585:
2512:
1937:
167:
115:
93:
7832:
7822:
7687:
5949:
5451:
3333:
2292:
1498:
1429:
5078:
Wexler, Paul (1985). "Belorussification, Russification and Polonization Trends in the Belorussian Language 1890–1982". In Kreindler, Isabelle T. (ed.).
2353:
was passed to the Western Oblast. At the end of February, the Germans entered Minsk, which the Soviet authorities had already cleared a few days prior.
7728:
7276:
5990:
3155:
of the USSR, in 1925 these number 38.5 thousand who employed almost 50 thousand people. Most being textile workshops and lumber yards and blacksmiths.
99:
4818:
2577:, and the German units that had withdrawn there began to assist the Lithuanian forces to defeat the Soviets; they repelled the Red offensive against
565:
3517:
joined the UN when the organization was founded with the other 50 states on 24 October 1945. In effect, this provided the Soviet Union (a permanent
7020:
3388:
3092:, which had a long history of targeted oppression under the Tsars, and in 1925 made up almost 44% of the urban population and began to be aided by
7787:
7213:
7128:
1684:
3001:
Minsk Railway Station (1926), with the city's name given in Belarusian, Russian, Polish and Yiddish (or interwar Belarus's 4 official languages)
6856:
4714:
Baranova, Olga (2008). "Nationalism, anti-Bolshevism or the will to survive? Collaboration in Belarus under the Nazi occupation of 1941–1944".
2220:
during the summer. Representatives of Belarusian regions and of different (mostly left-wing) newly established political powers, including the
2107:(its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) was only used officially. In 1936, with the proclamation of the
1844:
7269:
3557:
7599:
7581:
7372:
6905:
6469:
5861:
5843:
5483:
1960:
1166:
1063:
4455:
7722:
7521:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7118:
6798:
5984:
5783:
5336:
4807:
4604:ЗАКОН БЕЛОРУССКОЙ ССР от 25 августа 1991 г. N 1018-XII «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Конституцию (Основной Закон) Белорусской ССР»
1434:
1258:
7812:
5655:
3529:
3368:
3251:
3175:
2551:
2504:
2421:
7314:
7050:
6785:
6325:
6130:
3309:
3159:
1211:
2974:
that was signed on 30 December 1922. SSR Byelorussia became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922 and became known as BSSR.
7681:
7638:
7349:
7188:
7153:
7102:
6887:
6168:
6072:
5943:
5900:
5546:
5280:
5216:
3561:
2430:
2395:
1929:
1334:
991:
528:
31:
7817:
6535:
5710:
5471:
5307:
3810:
In interwar Soviet Belarus, between 1924 and 1938, four languages were official, namely, Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Yiddish.
2986:
2664:
3730:. Typically, Byelorussians eat a light breakfast and two hearty meals, with dinner being the largest meal of the day. Wheat and
7514:
7176:
6810:
6703:
6540:
6272:
6024:
5776:
5581:
5456:
5419:
4637:Постановление Верховного Совета Республики Беларусь от 20 сентября 1991 г. № 1101-XII «О таможенной службе Республики Беларусь»
2288:
2115:
1980:
1545:
595:
348:
4659:Закон Белорусской ССР от 28 июля 1990 г. №212-XII "Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона Белорусской ССР)"
4505:
4107:
2776:
After the decisive Polish victory in Warsaw, the Red Army was forced to retreat from Polish territories, but attempts to hold
7704:
7148:
6351:
6238:
5966:
4697:
4198:
4144:
4117:
3958:
the term "SSRB" was suppressed, but there is documentary evidence of the usage of the term SSRB rather than BSSR, see, e.g.,
3553:
715:
3413:
7710:
7656:
7566:
7025:
7000:
6547:
6210:
5972:
5918:
5828:
5488:
4884:
3840:
3581:
2752:, gave way for a peace treaty with the former on 2 February 1920 and a cease-fire agreement with the latter a day earlier.
1562:
1379:
1263:
1156:
1121:
4215:
2493:
Planned border (blue line) for the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic superimposed on state borders in 1922
7802:
7716:
7661:
7586:
7419:
5978:
5923:
5848:
4042:
3479:
was exercised by the Byelorussian Communist Party authorities, at its top sits the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
3472:
1968:
1181:
1161:
578:
415:
7261:
6805:
6099:
4997:
1664:
7646:
7576:
7561:
7193:
6882:
6820:
6331:
6087:
5908:
5838:
5823:
5743:
5503:
5275:
5054:
4986:
4854:
4764:
Guthier, Steven L. (1977). "The Belorussians: National identification and assimilation, 1897–1970: Part 1, 1897–1939".
3565:
3429:
2971:
2239:
Towards the autumn, political stability continued to shake, and countering the rising nationalist tendencies, were the
1949:
1837:
1582:
1453:
1288:
1206:
1136:
1131:
1116:
967:
552:
459:
3387:, which, the USSR opined, was unbalanced in favor of the Western Bloc. A Byelorussian, G.G. Chernushchenko, served as
2950:
would represent Byelorussian communists at seven party congresses in Moscow, but not once be elected into the party's
7651:
7622:
7612:
7168:
6995:
6975:
6900:
6815:
6780:
6738:
6336:
5913:
5884:
5874:
5361:
5341:
5120:
5095:
4946:
4915:
4905:
4894:
4873:
4389:
4332:
4225:
4171:
4161:
4073:
3537:
3533:
1273:
1238:
1176:
1151:
1146:
4134:
7617:
7319:
7055:
6866:
6462:
6321:
6202:
6138:
5879:
3577:
2584:
Eager to win support, the Bolshevik government decided to merge the Lithuanian and Byelorussian republics into the
2570:
2280:
1606:
1374:
1227:
1141:
1056:
4547:
7627:
7607:
7324:
7060:
6409:
6292:
6143:
6082:
5889:
5869:
5126:
4819:"Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia Under Soviet Occupation: The Development of Socialist Farming, 1939–1941"
4188:
3585:
3522:
3518:
3384:
3372:
3318:
In the summer of 1941, Belarus was occupied by Nazi Germany. A large part of the territory of Belarus became the
2620:, which was created on 26 April. The two parties of the republics were also combined. The republic was headed by
1992:
1801:
1508:
1462:
1248:
1186:
1171:
999:
644:
3158:
On 6 December 1926, the SSRB was once again enlarged, in order to make the republic prosperous and continue the
7360:
7334:
7082:
6980:
6932:
6765:
6693:
6153:
5736:
5292:
5229:
4956:
Smilovitsky, Leonid (1997). "Righteous Gentiles, the Partisans, and Jewish Survival in Belorussia, 1941–1944".
4564:
4136:
Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts
3726:
consisted mainly of vegetables, meat (particularly pork), and bread. Foods are usually either slowly cooked or
3468:
3337:
3136:
3105:
3089:
2914:
2401:
2371:
2253:
2225:
2213:
2173:
1987:
in 1990. On 25 August 1991, the Byelorussian SSR declared independence, and on 19 September it was renamed the
1925:
1902:
1726:
1283:
1268:
1217:
17:
6775:
2621:
2573:
between regular armies took place and a front emerged. The operations in Lithuania brought the front close to
7792:
7537:
7344:
7092:
6990:
6770:
6414:
6163:
5799:
5561:
4435:
3510:
3352:
were totally annihilated. Altogether, over 2,000,000 people were killed in Belarus during the three years of
3229:
2958:
2531:
2221:
1898:
1890:
1830:
1816:
1550:
1304:
1222:
1100:
227:
2663:(19 May). As the Litbel lost territory, its powers were quickly stripped by Moscow. For example, on 1 June,
7136:
6835:
6825:
6594:
6399:
6263:
6253:
6092:
5426:
5314:
5209:
4998:"West Ukraine and west Belorussia: Historical tradition, social communication, and linguistic assimilation"
3504:
3441:
2151:
1811:
1766:
1721:
1530:
1525:
1520:
153:
7339:
7181:
7087:
6861:
6455:
6384:
6158:
5700:
5600:
3691:
3273:
3123:. (In fact to avoid being annexed to Poland, at the census of 1920, many chose to be label themselves as
2616:. The Vitebsk and Mogilev governorates were transferred to the Russian SFSR, and were soon joined by the
1901:
of the USSR from 1922 to 1991, with its own legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the
1298:
1049:
869:
7233:
2933:
In February 1921, the delegations of the Second Polish Republic and the Russian SFSR finally signed the
7462:
6947:
6830:
6629:
6017:
5705:
5461:
5446:
5351:
4669:
3907:
3874:
3323:
3266:
3193:
The head of government (chairman of the Soviet of People's Commissars) was by now then newly appointed
2857:
2781:
2309:
Countering this, the Belarusian Central Council reorganised itself as the Belarusian National Council (
1781:
1592:
1309:
806:
778:
82:
2433:
was proclaimed in Smolensk, terminating the Western Commune, and on 7 January, it was moved to Minsk.
7198:
7070:
5498:
5368:
4407:
3545:
3484:
3281:
3006:
2692:
2523:
1694:
7141:
7065:
6698:
6599:
5541:
5285:
5270:
4477:
3761:
3305:
3068:
is clearly evidenced in the national policies. The republic initially had four official languages:
2982:
2890:
As the negotiations between the Polish Republic and the Russian Bolshevik government took place in
2761:
2108:
2030:
931:
5169:
2977:
However the politics in Moscow took a different course of events, and eventually the accession of
7005:
6510:
6379:
6305:
6109:
5612:
5478:
5436:
5409:
5260:
5202:
3922:
3491:
3182:
3139:
from having any influence on the population (i.e. to avoid another Slutsk uprising), a policy of
2853:
2534:
did not break out and the Soviet High Command's 12 January directive was to cease advance on the
2413:
2357:
2169:
2120:
1917:
1776:
916:
6258:
3984:"Языки и графические системы Беларуси в период от Октябрьской революции до Второй мировой войны"
3409:, the Supreme Soviet of Byelorussian SSR declared sovereignty on 27 July 1990 over Soviet laws.
1503:
7223:
7218:
7158:
6609:
6552:
6498:
6493:
6346:
5536:
5440:
4452:
3541:
3065:
2527:
1635:
1535:
764:
363:
6248:
2632:
2079:
in 1917, the term "White Russia" caused some confusion as it became the name of the so-called
1515:
7797:
6733:
6604:
6429:
6341:
6300:
6114:
6010:
5695:
5680:
5670:
5627:
5431:
5404:
5265:
3955:
3120:
2885:
2793:
2564:("borderland") areas of Lithuania, Belarus and western Ukraine, self-organized militias, the
2417:
2338:
2216:. The momentum picked up after the incompetent actions of the 10th Army during the ill-fated
2185:
1945:
1806:
1791:
1669:
1424:
1405:
921:
448:
7506:
7304:
5768:
4936:
4059:
7252:
6985:
6895:
6718:
6646:
6614:
6564:
6559:
6277:
5675:
5622:
5586:
5493:
5414:
5324:
3597:
3254:). Excluding those sentenced in the 1920s–1930s, over 250,000 Belarusians were deported as
2947:
2845:
2699:
2511:, as the newly created Soviet republic had hoped to include Lithuania. On 16 December, the
2434:
2408:
which were stationed there. Simultaneously the Council reorganised the Western Oblast as a
2350:
2297:
2276:
2165:
2076:
1897:(USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1922 as an independent state, and afterwards as one of
1736:
1731:
1711:
1477:
973:
686:
478:
435:
7228:
2131:
8:
7488:
7291:
7015:
6723:
6574:
6527:
6515:
6394:
6373:
6367:
5637:
5632:
5571:
5466:
5387:
5080:
Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Soviet National Languages: Their Past, Present and Future
4377:
4320:
3865:
3784:
3447:
3417:
3380:
3152:
3069:
2625:
2609:
2438:
2261:
2257:
2208:
2103:. Upon the establishment of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920, the term
1988:
1964:
1870:
1771:
1022:
819:
260:
136:
54:
4689:
The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–1923, Revised Edition
1572:
7010:
6589:
6579:
6404:
6287:
5729:
5665:
5647:
5524:
5399:
5346:
5302:
5237:
5151:
4731:
3723:
3706:
3687:
3285:
3220:
3214:
3209:
3093:
2728:'s army was pushed into the Arctic. On the diplomatic front, on 11 September 1919, the
2601:
2248:
2217:
2197:
2177:
2140:
2088:
1761:
1467:
1414:
878:
288:
4658:
4636:
4625:
4614:
4603:
4592:
3452:
2880:
A Belarusian caricature showing the division of their country by Poles and Bolsheviks.
2844:. (Vitebsk, Gomel and Mogilev remained part of the RSFSR.) This time the leaders were
2639:(2 March) and crossed the Neman, whilst Lithuanian advances forced the Soviets out of
6917:
6683:
6584:
6389:
5690:
5566:
5373:
5155:
5116:
5091:
5050:
4982:
4942:
4929:
4911:
4890:
4869:
4850:
4735:
4693:
4385:
4328:
4221:
4194:
4167:
4140:
4113:
4069:
3480:
3425:
3406:
3163:
2951:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2265:
2181:
2083:
that opposed the Red Bolsheviks. During the period of the Byelorussian SSR, the term
1689:
1615:
1472:
631:
490:
7163:
2313:), and started working on establishing governmental institutions, and discarded the
2284:
7500:
6708:
6067:
5752:
5685:
5553:
5143:
5083:
5033:
5012:
4965:
4837:
4833:
4798:
4794:
4773:
4723:
3995:
3828:
3824:
3792:
3101:
2966:
2861:
2733:
2717:
2330:. A cease-fire was quickly agreed and proper peace negotiations began in December.
2240:
1878:
1482:
792:
342:
293:
265:
68:
4785:
Horak, Stephan M. (1974). "Belorussia: Modernization, Human Rights, Nationalism".
3359:
2860:
in September 1920. As a result, the Soviets were not only forced to abandon their
2025:
An ethno-religious theory suggests that the name used to describe the part of old
1928:(BDR) was proclaimed under German occupation; however, as German troops left, the
6750:
6282:
6243:
6104:
5660:
5134:
Zejmis, Jakub (1997). "Belarus in the 1920s: Ambiguities of National Formation".
5047:
An Algebra of Soviet Power: Elite Circulation in the Belorussian Republic 1966-86
4687:
4459:
4439:
4025:
3820:
3751:
3735:
3509:
On the international stage, Byelorussia (along with Ukraine) was one of only two
3476:
3464:
3461:
3313:
3194:
3185:, bringing its laws in tie with those of the USSR and changing the name from the
3132:
3077:
3014:
2939:
2876:
2865:
2814:
2777:
2672:
2652:
2275:. During the autumn of 1917 and winter of 1918, the Western Oblast was headed by
2157:
1674:
1577:
351:
345:
283:
147:
4513:
4453:Рэпрэсіі супраць беларускай iнтэлiгенцыi і сялянства ў 1930—1940 гады. Лекцыя 2.
4000:
3983:
3379:
After World War II, the Byelorussian SSR was given a seat in the United Nations
3064:
Trotsky's plan for the SSRB to act as a future magnet for the minorities in the
2507:
was not limited to Byelorussia; Soviet forces similarly moved to the north into
2404:
ordered the creation of the Western Defence region in the Western Oblast out of
2356:
Faced with the German demands, the Bolsheviks accepted their terms at the final
7476:
7123:
6688:
6424:
6419:
5757:
5255:
5175:
5112:
4472:
4384:(in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Chicago: Dr. Griniaus fondas. pp. 355–359.
4065:
3756:
3739:
3715:
3702:
3650:
3364:
3296:. The annexation was internationally recognized after the end of World War II.
3198:
3109:
2934:
2849:
2757:
2644:
2640:
2481:
on 21 January, and Baranovichi on 6 February 1919, thereby enlarging the SSRB.
2405:
2334:
2233:
2161:
2080:
2069:
2049:
2038:
1786:
1597:
1039:
911:
404:
392:
5147:
5037:
5016:
4777:
4727:
3959:
2997:
7776:
7758:
7745:
7203:
6957:
6713:
6624:
6503:
6434:
6268:
4979:
The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999
4109:
Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism
3613:
3341:
3259:
3140:
3085:
2978:
2725:
2361:
2327:
2065:
2017:
1796:
1659:
1587:
1540:
1324:
704:
360:
339:
322:
306:
5181:
3456:
The Supreme Soviet of Byelorussia met for its legislative sessions in Minsk.
3288:
were incorporated into the Belarusian SSR, with an exception of the city of
2052:, and the Russian Tsar was usually styled "the Tsar of All the Russias", as
7433:
7376:
7329:
7208:
7097:
7077:
6619:
6148:
6045:
6033:
4969:
4744:
Struggle over Identity: The Official and the Alternative "Belarussianness"
4442:: з І. Кузьняцовым гутарыць Руслан Равяка // Наша Ніва, 3 кастрычніка 1999.
3836:
3514:
3345:
3329:
3277:
2962:
2957:
On the other hand, the region's strategic role decided its fate, as a full
2895:
2785:
2737:
2574:
2469:
2366:
2189:
2061:
2044:
The latter part similar but spelled and stressed differently from Росси́я (
1976:
1972:
1894:
1253:
1079:
1016:
926:
204:
5087:
4327:(in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Chicago: Dr. Griniaus fondas. p. 315.
3832:
2526:
and continuing conquest of Byelorussia were threatened by the rise of the
2111:, the republic was renamed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
2096:
7438:
6937:
6922:
6569:
6197:
5617:
5510:
4864:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas C.J. (1994).
4758:
The Minsk Ghetto 1941–1943: Jewish Resistance and Soviet Internationalism
3619:
3607:
3569:
3401:
3238:
3128:
3116:
2899:
2546:
2535:
2445:
2386:
2271:
2204:
2193:
1921:
1716:
1706:
1356:
1315:
1293:
895:
318:
2437:
emerged as head of the All-Byelorussian Central Executive Committee and
1944:, which ceased to exist as a result of the Polish occupation during the
6447:
5250:
3625:
2903:
2764:
in return for a promise to force out communists in right-bank Ukraine.
2425:
dominated by Russian and Jewish parties sympathetic to the communists.
2244:
1933:
1679:
1557:
2631:
In March 1919, Polish units opened an offensive: forces under General
7293:
6478:
6187:
6050:
4847:'Our Glorious Past': Lukashenka's Belarus and the Great Patriotic War
3513:
to be separate members of the United Nations. Both republics and the
3293:
3058:
2721:
2668:
2539:
2508:
2489:
1567:
1369:
848:
4568:
4190:
Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark
2965:
and his supporters within the Soviet leadership still supported its
175:
Dzyarzhawny himn Byelaruskay Savyetskay Satsyyalistychnay Respubliki
6639:
5194:
4217:
Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Volume 4
3675:
3634:
3171:
3124:
3081:
3061:. Only 25 towns and cities and an additional 49 urban settlements.
2825:
2684:
2676:
2660:
2465:
2346:
2026:
1741:
1439:
4432:
3711:
3490:
Belarus is the legal successor of the Byelorussian SSR and in its
7443:
6952:
6233:
6192:
5225:
3839:, were annexed in 1939 from Poland to Byelorussia, but passed to
3670:
3665:
3573:
3421:
3289:
3073:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3018:
2925:
2829:
2802:
2745:
2713:
2703:
landowners, and Polish being introduced as an official language.
2680:
2516:
2461:
2449:
1419:
1363:
1320:
844:
618:
313:
4423:Гісторыя Беларусі (у кантэксьце сусьветных цывілізацыяў) p. 370.
2554:, Soviet forces faced Poland as a competing power in the region.
2468:. On 30 January, the republic announced its separation from the
2444:
The new Soviet republic initially consisted of seven districts:
7808:
Countries and territories where Russian is an official language
6728:
6520:
6002:
3727:
3660:
3549:
3420:. On 8 December 1991 it was a signatory, along with Russia and
3349:
3340:(about 90 percent of the Jewish population) were killed during
3336:, and killing hundreds of thousands of civilians more. 800,000
3174:. This increased the area to 126,300 square kilometres and the
3144:
3050:
3010:
2961:
within the negotiations upon forming the future state. For one
2907:
2841:
2833:
2749:
2744:
recognition of the Lithuanian state. Similar negotiations with
2656:
2648:
2636:
2578:
2552:
1918–1919 winter conquest of Byelorussia, Ukraine and Lithuania
2457:
2100:
1979:. Towards the final years of the Soviet Union's existence, the
856:
852:
2655:
in April 1919, forced Litbel to evacuate the capital first to
1971:. Byelorussia was one of several Soviet republics occupied by
7536:
6942:
6912:
5798:
5245:
4934:
3655:
3645:
3367:(right) served as Soviet foreign minister (1957–1985) and as
3255:
3167:
3104:; in fact, between 1928 and 1930, the first secretary of the
3054:
3042:
3038:
3030:
2837:
2821:
2806:
2593:
2560:
2478:
2453:
2034:
1232:
247:
5024:
Szporluk, Roman (1967). "The press in Belorussia, 1955–65".
4866:
Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
3528:
Apart from the UN, the Byelorussian SSR was a member of the
2390:
The initial and provisional borders of the SSRB (dark green)
168:Дзяржаўны гімн Беларускай Савецкай Сацыялiстычнай Рэспублiкi
6927:
6851:
6793:
4044:
Webster's Encyclopedia of Dictionaries New American Edition
3332:
imposed a brutal regime, deporting some 380,000 people for
3247:
3243:
2891:
2798:
2683:(the last Lithuanian town held by Litbel) and the same day
2416:. Two days later, it transformed the Defence region into a
2135:
A 2019 stamp dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the BSSR
1278:
1243:
1106:
4094:
About the Origins of the Names of White and Black Ruthenia
3600:, the population of the republic were made up as follows:
3135:
and also to prevent the nationalist element of the exiled
3731:
3096:
programmes. In 1924 the government created a committee –
2160:, the territories of modern-day Belarus were part of the
4301:
4193:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 41.
3879:
2772:
4751:
Becoming Soviet Jews: The Bolshevik Experiment in Minsk
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4239:
4237:
4926:
The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906–1931
3927:
Belorusskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
3912:
Byelaruskaya Savyetskaya Satsyyalistychnaya Respublika
2337:, and on 18 February, hostilities resumed. The German
2033:
that had been populated mostly by early Christianized
179:"Anthem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic"
7460:
7292:
Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their
4588:
4586:
4497:
4495:
3894:
3521:
member with veto powers) with another 2 votes in the
3201:
remained the first secretary of the Communist Party.
2592:) on 28 February 1919. Its capital was proclaimed as
2087:
was embraced as part of a national consciousness. In
2021:. There are several claims to the origin of the name
1942:
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
1701:
De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania
751:
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
4746:(Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010);
4341:
4280:
4249:
4234:
2530:
after the withdrawal of German forces. However, the
2041:, which was predominantly inhabited by pagan Balts.
1957:
one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union
4421:Грамадска-палітычнае жыццё ў БССР у 1920—1930–я гг.
3783:
1920–1936: Byelorussian Socialist Soviet Republic (
3272:In September 1939, the Soviet Union, following the
3160:
creating of well-defined national territorial units
2291:'s (RSDRP(b)) committee for the Western Oblast and
1920:in March 1918, which ended Russia's involvement in
4583:
4492:
4886:The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine
4863:
3797:Белорусская Социалистическая Советская Республика
3224:The Byelorussian SSR after the invasion of Poland
2801:, in Byelorussia, both of its offensives towards
2736:, sent a note to Lithuania with a proposal for a
2624:and the combined party was headed by nationalist
2499:Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2176:in August–September 1915 ended with the lands of
2168:more than a century earlier. During the war, the
1959:in December 1922, together with the republics of
1883:Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика
62:Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика
7774:
5065:Belorussia: the making of a nation: a case study
4907:From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans
4163:From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans
4105:
4051:
3389:President of the United Nations Security Council
2586:Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
974:Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
173:
165:
141:
130:
46:
4534:
4403:
4401:
3568:. Byelorussia was excluded separately from the
3356:, almost a quarter of the region's population.
3284:. The former Polish territories referred to as
3181:On 11 April 1927, the republic adopted its new
3292:and its surroundings that were transferred to
2659:(28 April), then to Minsk (28 April), then to
1936:in December, and it was later merged with the
7828:States and territories disestablished in 1941
7783:States and territories disestablished in 1991
7522:
7277:
6463:
6018:
5784:
5210:
5186:
5171:Byelorussia : speeding towards abundance
4935:Silitski, Vitali & Jan Zaprudnik (2010).
4928:(University of Pittsburgh Press; 2014) 436pp
4132:
4040:
3789:Беларуская Сацыялістычная Савецкая Рэспубліка
3558:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
3483:was vested in the unicameral parliament, the
3115:Yet, the titular nation of the SSRB were the
2675:, that same day the capital was evacuated to
1875:Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка
1838:
1057:
60:
48:Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка
4398:
4213:
4023:
4955:
3428:, which replaced the Soviet Union with the
3269:was founded in 1932 and disbanded in 1935.
2091:, under Polish control until World War II,
7833:States and territories established in 1944
7823:States and territories established in 1919
7529:
7515:
7284:
7270:
6470:
6456:
6025:
6011:
5791:
5777:
5217:
5203:
3435:
2712:the Volga, beyond the Ural mountains into
2643:. A final Soviet counter-offensive retook
2192:'s inconclusive thrust around the city of
1845:
1831:
1064:
1050:
197:
5104:
4565:"The tragedy of Khatyn – Genocide policy"
4462:// «Беларускі Калегіюм», 15 чэрвеня 2008.
4057:
3999:
3487:, also dominated by the Communist Party.
3310:Belarusian resistance during World War II
3299:
2724:was checked, whilst in the far north the
541:• Second Soviet republic proclaimed
203:Location of Byelorussia (red) within the
6477:
6169:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
5023:
4995:
4903:
4805:
4713:
4159:
4133:Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (2011).
4090:Аб паходжанні назваў Белая і Чорная Русь
3981:
3710:
3562:World Intellectual Property Organization
3451:
3358:
3219:
3208:
3187:Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia
3053:; all of which contained a total of 100
2996:
2992:
2924:
2875:
2771:
2545:
2488:
2431:Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia
2396:Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
2385:
2130:
2060:was formed by three parts of Russia—the
1930:Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
670:207,600 km (80,200 sq mi)
32:Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
4844:
4816:
4809:Belorussia under Soviet Rule, 1917–1957
4763:
4376:
4370:
4319:
3960:A 1992 cancellation of a 1921 SSRB laws
3191:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
2987:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
2706:
2679:. On 28 August, Lithuanian forces took
2441:as head of the provisional government.
2287:. Myasnikyan took over as chair of the
2196:in the summer of that year, during the
2095:became commonly used in the regions of
1911:White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic
143:Pralyetaryi wsikh krain, yadnaytsyesya!
14:
7788:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
7775:
6273:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
5298:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
5133:
5077:
4976:
4882:
4410:1st edition, Volume 5, p.378-413, 1927
2289:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
2116:Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR
1981:Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR
1859:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1009:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
43:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
7510:
7265:
6451:
6239:1949 East German State Railway strike
6211:World Federation of Democratic Youth
6006:
5772:
5198:
5185:
5082:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 37–56.
5072:A bibliographical guide to Belorussia
5044:
4981:(1 ed.). Yale University Press.
4784:
4685:
4364:
4307:
4295:
4274:
4243:
4186:
4106:Philip G. Roeder (15 December 2011).
3854:Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
3554:International Telecommunication Union
2920:
2730:People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs
2321:
207:(red and white) between 1956 and 1991
6110:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan
5224:
4512:. SMC "Khatyn". 2005. Archived from
4166:. Intercultural Press. p. 260.
3582:World Federation of Democratic Youth
3498:
3280:, occupied eastern Poland after the
3166:were added, including the cities of
2792:In April 1920, Poland initiated its
2513:Lithuanian Socialist Soviet Republic
2279:as the head of the Western Oblast's
1938:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
1932:was established in its place by the
1380:World Federation of Democratic Youth
5108:Belarus: At A Crossroads In History
4977:Snyder, Timothy (1 December 2004).
4187:Ioffe, Grigory (25 February 2008).
4061:Belarus: At A Crossroads In History
3473:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2200:further south, in western Ukraine.
643:• Internationally recognized (
24:
6332:Sovietization of the Baltic states
4707:
4567:. SMC Khatyn. 2005. Archived from
4537:"Belarus: A Partisan Reality Show"
4433:600 000 ахвяраў — прыблізная лічба
4413:
3566:International Atomic Energy Agency
3430:Commonwealth of Independent States
3213:The Byelorussian SSR prior to the
3204:
2972:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
2871:
1454:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
25:
7844:
7813:1941 disestablishments in Belarus
6203:World Federation of Trade Unions
5511:Union State of Russia and Belarus
5163:
3982:Кожинова, Алла Андреевна (2017).
3538:International Labour Organization
2671:. When on 8 August Polish forces
2188:in late spring 1916, and General
2048:), first rose in the days of the
132:Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся!
27:Soviet republic from 1920 to 1991
7494:
7482:
7470:
7359:
7303:
6420:January 1991 events in Lithuania
6078:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
6032:
4686:Pipes, Richard (25 April 1997).
3578:World Federation of Trade Unions
2848:(head of Minsk's milrevcom) and
2767:
2281:Military Revolutionary Committee
1991:. The Soviet Union was formally
1985:Declaration of State Sovereignty
1375:World Federation of Trade Unions
1088:
1033:
824:
799:
785:
771:
757:
743:
236:Union Republic with priority of
184:
108:
92:
6144:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
4812:. University Press of Kentucky.
4679:
4663:
4652:
4641:
4630:
4619:
4608:
4597:
4557:
4528:
4465:
4445:
4426:
4382:Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija
4325:Naujųjų laikų Lietuvos istorija
4313:
4207:
4180:
4153:
4126:
4099:
4082:
4034:
4017:
3948:
3931:
3591:
3586:International Olympic Committee
3373:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
3348:). More than 600 villages like
2929:BSSR between the two World Wars
2910:handed over to the Bolsheviks.
645:dissolution of the Soviet Union
504:Congress of Soviets (1920–1938)
7818:1944 establishments in Belarus
6976:Azerbaijan People's Government
5293:Belarusian Democratic Republic
5276:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5049:. Cambridge University Press.
4958:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
4838:10.1080/00085006.1985.11091799
4799:10.1080/00085006.1974.11091370
4760:(U of California Press, 2008).
4112:. Princeton University Press.
4088:Язэп Юхо (Joseph Juho) (1956)
4008:
3975:
3916:
3901:
3859:
3846:
3813:
3804:
3774:
3722:Whilst part of the Union, the
3530:UN Economic and Social Council
3469:Communist Party of Byelorussia
3460:Until 1990, Byelorussia was a
3394:
3162:. This time, parts of RSFSR's
3137:Belarusian Democratic Republic
3106:Communist Party of Byelorussia
3005:According to its entry in the
2915:Belarusian Democratic Republic
2402:Revolutionary Military Council
2372:Belarusian Democratic Republic
2214:Russian Provisional Government
1998:
1926:Belarusian Democratic Republic
1903:Communist Party of Byelorussia
968:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
594:, partial cancellation of the
13:
1:
7538:Republics of the Soviet Union
6425:January 1991 events in Latvia
6415:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
6164:Socialist Republic of Romania
6139:People's Republic of Bulgaria
6131:People's Republic of Albania
6100:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
5800:Republics of the Soviet Union
5472:Presidential Security Service
5308:Annexation of Western Belarus
5070:Vakar, Nicholas Platonovich.
5063:Vakar, Nicholas Platonovich.
4849:. Columbia University Press.
3968:
3511:republics of the Soviet Union
3485:Supreme Soviet of Byelorussia
3414:failure of the coup in Moscow
3412:On 25 August 1991, after the
3242:, special commissions of the
3230:Soviet repressions in Belarus
3228:The 1930s marked the peak of
2283:, who passed this duty on to
2226:Christian democratic movement
2222:Belarusian Socialist Assembly
1899:fifteen constituent republics
1817:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
607:• Independence declared
566:Annexation of Western Belarus
7729:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR
6410:Collapse of the Soviet Union
6400:Fall of communism in Albania
5991:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR
5457:Ministry of Internal Affairs
4692:. Harvard University Press.
4535:Vitali Silitski (May 2005).
3505:Foreign relations of Belarus
3442:Politics of the Soviet Union
3391:from January–February 1975.
3090:Jewish population of Belarus
3080:, despite the fact that the
2566:Samoobrona Litwy i Białorusi
2145:
1812:Fall of communism in Albania
1767:Polish Round Table Agreement
1722:Cuban intervention in Angola
1000:Belarusian People's Republic
154:Workers of the world, unite!
30:Not to be confused with the
7:
7016:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
6385:End of communism in Hungary
6154:Hungarian People's Republic
5420:Central Election Commission
4889:. Oxford University Press.
4139:. Oxford University Press.
4001:10.13128/Studi_Slavis-21942
3895:
3880:
3745:
3692:Culture of the Soviet Union
2622:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
2381:
2256:, which unified the Vilna,
2164:, which it gained from the
1200:Allied and satellite states
220:Nominally independent state
174:
142:
10:
7849:
7803:Former socialist republics
6149:German Democratic Republic
5045:Urban, Michael E. (1989).
4817:Marples, David R. (1985).
4716:European Review of History
4220:. Routledge. p. 183.
3700:
3696:
3685:
3681:
3502:
3445:
3439:
3324:Reichskommissariat Ostland
3303:
3267:Polish Autonomous District
2981:saw a new policy adopted:
2883:
2858:Battle of the Niemen River
2596:, with five governorates:
2496:
2400:On 11 September 1918, the
2393:
2230:General Jewish Labour Bund
2149:
2138:
2126:
807:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
779:Reichskommissariat Ostland
29:
7697:
7674:
7636:
7595:
7552:
7545:
7429:
7410:
7368:
7357:
7310:
7301:
7250:
7111:
7043:
6968:
6875:
6844:
6758:
6747:
6676:
6655:
6486:
6360:
6337:Information dissemination
6314:
6264:1956 Hungarian Revolution
6254:1953 East German uprising
6222:
6180:
6123:
6060:
6040:
5959:
5936:
5898:
5857:
5814:
5807:
5723:
5646:
5608:
5599:
5532:
5523:
5395:
5386:
5332:
5323:
5236:
5192:
5187:Links to related articles
5148:10.1080/00905999708408501
5038:10.1080/09668136708410553
5017:10.1080/09668137908411225
4778:10.1080/09668137708411105
4728:10.1080/13507480801931044
4408:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4027:Art of Soviet Byelorussia
3887:
3869:
3796:
3788:
3641:The largest cities were:
3584:. In 1949, it joined the
3546:World Health Organization
3399:In its last years during
3007:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2809:were thrown back in May.
2716:. In the autumn of 1919,
2515:(LSSR) was proclaimed in
2484:
2114:On 19 September 1991 the
2011:), derives from the term
2008:
1882:
1874:
1737:1984 Los Angeles Olympics
840:
722:
711:
700:
696:
683:
679:
674:
664:
659:
655:
641:
628:
615:
605:
596:Soviet form of government
588:
575:
562:
549:
539:
525:
521:
513:
500:
496:
484:
474:• 1920–1924 (first)
472:
468:
458:
454:
442:
430:• 1920–1937 (first)
428:
424:
414:
410:
398:
388:• 1920–1923 (first)
386:
382:
372:
328:
312:
302:
276:Recognised languages
274:
253:
243:
212:
196:
166:
160:
131:
126:
88:
78:
61:
47:
41:
6322:Emigration and defection
6159:Polish People's Republic
5452:State Security Committee
5400:Administrative divisions
5271:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4996:Szporluk, Roman (1979).
4826:Canadian Slavonic Papers
4787:Canadian Slavonic Papers
4478:European Jewish Congress
3767:
3762:Russification of Belarus
3320:General District Belarus
3306:The Holocaust in Belarus
2983:Socialism in One Country
2505:western winter offensive
2152:Western Oblast (1917–18)
2109:1936 Soviet Constitution
2031:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1558:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990
932:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
553:Admitted to Soviet Union
486:• 1990–1991 (last)
400:• 1988–1990 (last)
238:Byelorussian legislation
7026:North Korea (1947–1948)
7021:North Korea (1946–1947)
6380:Fall of the Berlin Wall
6306:1981 protests in Kosovo
6244:Rebellion of Cazin 1950
5577:International sanctions
5261:Principality of Polotsk
5105:Zaprudnik, Jan (1993).
4910:. Intercultural Press.
4904:Richmond, Yale (1995).
4883:Plokhy, Serhii (2001).
4845:Marples, David (2014).
4806:Lubachko, Ivan (1972).
4670:Constitution of Belarus
4160:Richmond, Yale (1995).
4058:Zaprudnik, Jan (1993).
3436:Politics and government
3282:1939 invasion of Poland
3274:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2760:in Ukraine to exchange
2414:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2358:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2121:Constitution of Belarus
1918:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1905:. Other names included
1802:End of the Soviet Union
1777:Fall of the Berlin Wall
1337: (until 1948)
1312: (until 1977)
1301: (until 1989)
1235: (until 1961)
1214: (until 1961)
950:Early elective monarchy
917:Principality of Polotsk
254:Official languages
6748:Current and historical
5656:Awards and decorations
4924:Rudling, Pers Anders.
4458:3 October 2011 at the
3724:cuisine of Byelorussia
3719:
3542:Universal Postal Union
3471:, a branch within the
3457:
3376:
3300:Nazi German occupation
3225:
3217:
3066:Second Polish Republic
3002:
2930:
2881:
2789:
2555:
2528:Second Polish Republic
2494:
2420:. It began an initial
2391:
2136:
1491:Protests and uprisings
765:Second Polish Republic
364:parliamentary republic
6430:Breakup of Yugoslavia
5266:Principality of Turov
5088:10.1515/9783110864380
4938:The A to Z of Belarus
4438:11 March 2012 at the
4214:Andrew Ryder (1998).
4024:L. N. Drobaŭ (1971).
3956:Soviet historiography
3714:
3588:as a Union Republic.
3455:
3362:
3223:
3212:
3127:.). To appeal to the
3000:
2993:SSRB in the mid-1920s
2928:
2886:Slutsk Defence Action
2879:
2775:
2635:captured the city of
2549:
2492:
2389:
2339:Operation Faustschlag
2186:Lake Naroch offensive
2134:
1995:on 26 December 1991.
1807:Post-Soviet conflicts
1792:Breakup of Yugoslavia
1695:Albanian–Soviet split
1406:Anti-Soviet partisans
1349:Related organizations
922:Principality of Turov
529:First Soviet republic
449:Stanislav Shushkevich
34:that existed in 1919.
7793:Communism in Belarus
7253:History of socialism
6278:1970 Polish protests
6259:1956 Poznań protests
6124:Soviet-allied states
5711:World Heritage Sites
5136:Nationalities Papers
4970:10.1093/hgs/11.3.301
3603:Ethnicities (1959):
2948:Alexander Chervyakov
2846:Aleksandr Chervyakov
2780:were lost after the
2707:Pawn on a chessboard
2532:conflict with Poland
2524:Lithuanian operation
2472:and renaming as the
2435:Aleksandr Myasnikyan
2351:Smolensk Governorate
2302:as the chair of the
2277:Aleksandr Myasnikyan
2166:Partitions of Poland
2081:White military force
2077:Bolshevik Revolution
1940:in 1919 to form the
1787:Barricades in Latvia
1732:1980 Moscow Olympics
1712:Cuban Missile Crisis
592:Sovereignty declared
479:Alexander Chervyakov
436:Alexander Chervyakov
7759:54.0000°N 29.0000°E
7755: /
7698:Non-union republics
7688:Transcaucasian SFSR
7189:Estonia (1918–1919)
7083:Hungary (1949–1989)
6395:Romanian revolution
6368:Revolutions of 1989
6249:1953 Plzeň uprising
5960:Non-union republics
5950:Transcaucasian SFSR
5315:Republic of Belarus
5074:(Harvard UP, 1956).
5067:(Harvard UP, 1956).
4941:. Scarecrow Press.
4868:. Greenwood Press.
4753:(Indiana UP, 2013).
4571:on 25 February 2020
4553:on 13 October 2006.
4546:: 5. Archived from
4516:on 26 December 2018
4310:, pp. 151–152.
3718:, the national dish
3448:Politics of Belarus
3418:Republic of Belarus
3153:New Economic Policy
2687:fell to the Poles.
2633:Stanisław Szeptycki
2626:Zmicier Zhylunovich
2439:Zmicier Zhylunovich
2209:February Revolution
1989:Republic of Belarus
1772:Revolutions of 1989
1023:Republic of Belarus
820:Republic of Belarus
619:Republic of Belarus
444:• 1991 (last)
7682:Karelo-Finnish SSR
7154:Byelorussia (1919)
6405:Singing Revolution
6288:June 1976 protests
6073:Soviet occupations
5944:Karelo-Finnish SSR
5562:Telecommunications
5357:Biosphere Reserves
5303:Western Belorussia
4756:Epstein, Barbara.
4749:Bemporad, Elissa.
4544:Transitions Online
4041:Webster's (1978).
3819:Some parts, e.g.,
3780:Historical names:
3720:
3707:Belarusian cuisine
3688:Culture of Belarus
3598:1959 Soviet Census
3467:, governed by the
3465:socialist republic
3458:
3377:
3226:
3218:
3215:invasion of Poland
3176:1926 Soviet census
3094:affirmative action
3003:
2931:
2921:Early Soviet years
2882:
2790:
2732:of Soviet Russia,
2581:in February 1919.
2556:
2495:
2392:
2322:German involvement
2249:October Revolution
2218:Kerensky offensive
2203:The abdication of
2198:Brusilov offensive
2178:Grodno Governorate
2141:History of Belarus
2137:
1762:Singing Revolution
1536:Novocherkassk 1962
1040:Belarus portal
956:Deluge and decline
460:Head of government
352:socialist republic
7738:
7737:
7670:
7669:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7259:
7258:
7246:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7039:
7038:
6781:Congo-Brazzaville
6677:Regional variants
6445:
6444:
6390:Velvet Revolution
6352:Telephone tapping
6326:list of defectors
6115:Tito–Stalin split
6000:
5999:
5932:
5931:
5766:
5765:
5719:
5718:
5595:
5594:
5519:
5518:
5489:Political parties
5427:Foreign relations
5382:
5381:
4699:978-0-674-41764-9
4506:"Genocide policy"
4200:978-0-7425-5558-7
4146:978-0-19-983799-1
4119:978-0-691-13467-3
3937:Sometimes called
3893:
3878:
3596:According to the
3499:Foreign relations
3481:Legislative power
3426:Belovezha Accords
3407:Mikhail Gorbachev
3354:German occupation
3262:in the republic.
3164:Gomel Governorate
3121:Polish–Soviet War
2952:Central Committee
2693:military conflict
2618:Gomel Governorate
2569:14 February, the
2293:Moses Kalmanovich
2182:Vilna Governorate
2029:lands within the
1946:Polish–Soviet War
1885:), also known as
1855:
1854:
1690:Sino-Soviet split
1670:Tito–Stalin split
1665:Czechoslovak coup
1643:
1642:
1583:Ukraine 1989–1991
1521:East Germany 1953
1463:Soviet occupation
1074:
1073:
862:
861:
836:
835:
832:
831:
812:
811:
632:Belovezha Accords
624:19 September 1991
491:Vyacheslav Kebich
189:
83:German occupation
16:(Redirected from
7840:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7764:54.0000; 29.0000
7760:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7596:Former parts of
7572:Byelorussian SSR
7550:
7549:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7475:
7474:
7473:
7466:
7363:
7307:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7263:
7262:
7109:
7108:
6966:
6965:
6756:
6755:
6751:socialist states
6630:African-American
6472:
6465:
6458:
6449:
6448:
6234:Goryani Movement
6214:
6206:
6172:
6134:
6068:Yalta Conference
6027:
6020:
6013:
6004:
6003:
5858:Former parts of
5834:Byelorussian SSR
5812:
5811:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5770:
5769:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5701:National symbols
5661:Belarusian names
5606:
5605:
5557:
5530:
5529:
5393:
5392:
5330:
5329:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5196:
5195:
5183:
5182:
5159:
5130:
5125:. Archived from
5101:
5060:
5041:
5020:
5002:
4992:
4973:
4952:
4921:
4900:
4879:
4860:
4841:
4823:
4813:
4802:
4781:
4739:
4703:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4503:
4499:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4469:
4463:
4451:Ігар Кузьняцоў.
4449:
4443:
4430:
4424:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4339:
4338:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4278:
4272:
4247:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4103:
4097:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
3988:Studi Slavistici
3979:
3962:
3952:
3946:
3935:
3929:
3920:
3914:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:Belorusskaya SSR
3892:romanized:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3881:Byelaruskaya SSR
3873:
3871:
3863:
3857:
3850:
3844:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3778:
3523:General Assembly
3519:Security Council
3385:General Assembly
3381:General Assembly
3102:Second World War
2967:World Revolution
2862:World Revolution
2854:Battle of Warsaw
2734:Georgy Chicherin
2718:Nikolai Yudenich
2474:Soviet Socialist
2422:advance westward
2301:
2207:in light of the
2037:, as opposed to
2010:
1955:The BSSR became
1884:
1876:
1867:Byelorussian SSR
1847:
1840:
1833:
1756:
1703:
1654:
1499:Poland 1944–1989
1483:Operation Jungle
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1350:
1201:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1036:
962:Three partitions
882:
864:
863:
828:
827:
816:
815:
803:
802:
793:Bezirk Bialystok
789:
788:
775:
774:
761:
760:
747:
746:
740:
739:
724:
723:
651:26 December 1991
637:10 December 1991
571:15 November 1939
558:30 December 1922
438:
343:Marxist-Leninist
277:
201:
191:
190:
177:
171:
170:
145:
134:
133:
112:
96:
73:
72:
64:
63:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
21:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7773:
7772:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7734:
7693:
7666:
7632:
7597:
7591:
7541:
7535:
7505:
7495:
7493:
7483:
7481:
7471:
7469:
7461:
7459:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7425:
7422:
7406:
7403:
7364:
7355:
7352:
7308:
7297:
7290:
7260:
7255:
7238:
7219:Slovakia (1919)
7119:Alsace-Lorraine
7107:
7035:
6964:
6871:
6840:
6749:
6743:
6672:
6651:
6482:
6476:
6446:
6441:
6356:
6310:
6297:Soviet reaction
6283:Croatian Spring
6227:
6225:
6218:
6212:
6204:
6176:
6170:
6132:
6119:
6105:Berlin Blockade
6056:
6055:
6036:
6031:
6001:
5996:
5955:
5928:
5894:
5859:
5853:
5803:
5797:
5767:
5762:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5715:
5706:Public holidays
5642:
5591:
5555:
5515:
5462:Internal Troops
5447:Law enforcement
5378:
5352:Protected areas
5319:
5232:
5223:
5188:
5166:
5123:
5098:
5057:
5000:
4989:
4949:
4918:
4897:
4876:
4857:
4821:
4710:
4708:Further reading
4700:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4539:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4460:Wayback Machine
4450:
4446:
4440:Wayback Machine
4431:
4427:
4418:
4414:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4378:Čepėnas, Pranas
4375:
4371:
4363:
4342:
4335:
4321:Čepėnas, Pranas
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4281:
4273:
4250:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4104:
4100:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4056:
4052:
4039:
4035:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3949:
3936:
3932:
3921:
3917:
3906:
3902:
3888:Белорусская ССР
3885:
3864:
3860:
3851:
3847:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3752:Captive Nations
3748:
3709:
3701:Main articles:
3699:
3694:
3686:Main articles:
3684:
3631:Jews – about 1%
3594:
3507:
3501:
3477:Executive power
3450:
3444:
3438:
3397:
3338:Belarusian Jews
3316:
3314:Khatyn massacre
3302:
3207:
3205:Stalinist years
3195:Nikolay Goloded
3133:Western Belarus
2995:
2940:Western Belarus
2923:
2898:element out of
2888:
2874:
2872:Slutsk uprising
2866:Western Belarus
2815:Hayk Bzhishkyan
2794:major offensive
2778:Western Belarus
2770:
2709:
2700:Józef Piłsudski
2653:Vilna offensive
2501:
2487:
2410:Western Commune
2398:
2384:
2345:to evacuate to
2324:
2295:
2158:First World War
2154:
2148:
2143:
2129:
2089:western Belarus
2001:
1851:
1822:
1821:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1699:
1675:Berlin Blockade
1655:
1653:Cold War events
1652:
1645:
1644:
1568:Kazakhstan 1986
1399:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1351:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1034:
1032:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1002:
995:
976:
880:
873:
855:
851:
847:
825:
800:
786:
772:
758:
744:
689:
667:
648:
634:
621:
617:• Renamed
608:
598:
584:24 October 1945
581:
568:
555:
542:
532:
505:
487:
475:
445:
434:
431:
401:
389:
374:First Secretary
368:
359:
338:
298:
275:
270:
235:
230:
226:
221:
219:
208:
192:
185:
182:
180:
178:
172:
151:
148:transliteration
140:
122:
121:
120:
118:
113:
105:
104:
102:
97:
80:
74:
66:
59:
52:
45:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7846:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7726:
7720:
7714:
7708:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7691:
7685:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7657:Lithuanian SSR
7654:
7649:
7643:
7641:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7602:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7567:Azerbaijan SSR
7564:
7558:
7556:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7534:
7533:
7526:
7519:
7511:
7504:
7503:
7491:
7479:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7417:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7325:Czechoslovakia
7322:
7317:
7311:
7309:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7289:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7266:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7199:Hungary (1919)
7196:
7191:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7115:
7113:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7066:Czech Republic
7061:Czechoslovakia
7058:
7053:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
7001:Inner Mongolia
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6981:East Turkestan
6978:
6972:
6970:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6960:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6753:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6663:United Kingdom
6659:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6622:
6620:United Kingdom
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6452:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6208:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5947:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5919:Lithuanian SSR
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5864:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5829:Azerbaijan SSR
5826:
5820:
5818:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5582:Stock exchange
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5499:Prime Minister
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5444:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5362:National parks
5359:
5349:
5344:
5342:Extreme points
5339:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5281:Russian Empire
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5176:Tikhon Kiselev
5165:
5164:External links
5162:
5161:
5160:
5142:(2): 243–254.
5131:
5129:on 2 May 2016.
5121:
5113:Westview Press
5102:
5096:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5056:978-0521372565
5055:
5042:
5032:(4): 482–493.
5026:Soviet Studies
5021:
5005:Soviet Studies
4993:
4988:978-0300105865
4987:
4974:
4964:(3): 301–329.
4953:
4947:
4932:
4922:
4916:
4901:
4895:
4880:
4874:
4861:
4856:978-3838205748
4855:
4842:
4832:(2): 158–177.
4814:
4803:
4793:(3): 403–423.
4782:
4766:Soviet Studies
4761:
4754:
4747:
4742:Bekus, Nelly.
4740:
4722:(2): 113–128.
4709:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4698:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4662:
4651:
4640:
4629:
4618:
4607:
4596:
4582:
4556:
4527:
4491:
4464:
4444:
4425:
4419:В. Ф. Кушнер.
4412:
4397:
4390:
4369:
4367:, p. 153.
4340:
4333:
4312:
4300:
4298:, p. 152.
4279:
4277:, p. 151.
4248:
4246:, p. 150.
4233:
4226:
4206:
4199:
4179:
4172:
4152:
4145:
4125:
4118:
4098:
4081:
4074:
4066:Westview Press
4050:
4033:
4016:
4007:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3947:
3939:Soviet Belarus
3930:
3915:
3900:
3870:Беларуская ССР
3858:
3845:
3812:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3757:Belarusization
3754:
3747:
3744:
3703:Soviet cuisine
3698:
3695:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3593:
3590:
3500:
3497:
3440:Main article:
3437:
3434:
3396:
3393:
3365:Andrei Gromyko
3301:
3298:
3206:
3203:
3199:Vilhelm Knorin
3110:Yakov Gamarnik
2994:
2991:
2959:Union republic
2935:Treaty of Riga
2922:
2919:
2884:Main article:
2873:
2870:
2850:Wilhelm Knorin
2782:Polish victory
2769:
2766:
2758:Symon Petliura
2720:'s advance on
2708:
2705:
2673:captured Minsk
2497:Main article:
2486:
2483:
2406:Curtain forces
2394:Main article:
2383:
2380:
2335:Central Powers
2323:
2320:
2285:Kārlis Landers
2254:Western Oblast
2234:intelligentsia
2162:Russian Empire
2150:Main article:
2147:
2144:
2128:
2125:
2075:Following the
2058:Russian Empire
2050:Russian Empire
2039:Black Ruthenia
2000:
1997:
1950:a peace treaty
1916:Following the
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:January Events
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1593:Lithuania 1991
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:Czechoslovakia
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1005:
998:
996:
992:Russian Empire
990:
985:
984:
980:
979:
978:
977:
972:
970:
965:
959:
953:
944:
943:
937:
936:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:
898:
890:
889:
885:
884:
875:
874:
867:
860:
859:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
830:
829:
822:
813:
810:
809:
804:
796:
795:
790:
782:
781:
776:
768:
767:
762:
754:
753:
748:
736:
735:
730:
720:
719:
718:015/016/017/02
713:
709:
708:
702:
698:
697:
694:
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690:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
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661:
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642:
639:
638:
635:
629:
626:
625:
622:
616:
613:
612:
611:25 August 1991
609:
606:
603:
602:
599:
589:
586:
585:
582:
576:
573:
572:
569:
563:
560:
559:
556:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
536:
535:1 January 1919
533:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
511:
510:
507:Supreme Soviet
502:
498:
497:
494:
493:
488:
485:
482:
481:
476:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
456:
455:
452:
451:
446:
443:
440:
439:
432:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
407:
405:Yefrem Sokolov
402:
399:
396:
395:
393:Vilgelm Knorin
390:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
367:
366:
354:
332:
330:
326:
325:
316:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
297:
296:
291:
286:
280:
278:
272:
271:
269:
268:
263:
257:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
228:Union Republic
214:
210:
209:
202:
194:
193:
183:
158:
157:
124:
123:
114:
107:
106:
98:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
76:
75:
42:
26:
18:Belarusian SSR
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7845:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7771:
7768:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7696:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7673:
7663:
7662:Moldavian SSR
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7640:
7635:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7594:
7588:
7587:Ukrainian SSR
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7539:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7520:
7518:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7502:
7492:
7490:
7480:
7478:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7373:Soviet Russia
7371:
7370:
7367:
7362:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7306:
7300:
7295:
7287:
7282:
7280:
7275:
7273:
7268:
7267:
7264:
7254:
7249:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7169:Crimea (1919)
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7031:South Vietnam
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6959:
6958:North Vietnam
6956:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6668:United States
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6625:United States
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6504:New Australia
6502:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6480:
6473:
6468:
6466:
6461:
6459:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6436:
6435:Yugoslav Wars
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6269:Prague Spring
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6221:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:Organizations
6179:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6083:Baltic states
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6005:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5925:
5924:Moldavian SSR
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5856:
5850:
5849:Ukrainian SSR
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5286:Russification
5284:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5122:0-8133-1794-0
5118:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5103:
5099:
5097:9783110864380
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4948:9781461731740
4944:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4930:online review
4927:
4923:
4919:
4917:1-877864-30-7
4913:
4909:
4908:
4902:
4898:
4896:0-19-924739-0
4892:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4875:0-313-27497-5
4871:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4496:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4429:
4422:
4416:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4393:
4391:5-89957-012-1
4387:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4336:
4334:5-89957-012-1
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4229:
4227:1-85743-058-1
4223:
4219:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4173:1-877864-30-7
4169:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4075:0-8133-1794-0
4071:
4068:. p. 2.
4067:
4063:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3897:
3882:
3876:
3867:
3862:
3855:
3852:Also spelled
3849:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3693:
3689:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
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3612:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:Belarus-born
3361:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:the Holocaust
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3260:Russification
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3222:
3216:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:Korenizatsiya
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3112:, was a Jew.
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:Joseph Stalin
2975:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2864:targets, but
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2768:War continues
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2726:Evgeny Miller
2723:
2719:
2715:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2362:buffer states
2359:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2328:Brest-Litovsk
2319:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:Western Front
2171:
2170:Great Retreat
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:Prior to the
2153:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:Transcaucasia
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:Yugoslav Wars
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
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1751:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
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1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Secret Speech
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Marshall Plan
1658:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
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1608:
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1599:
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1591:
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1584:
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1571:
1569:
1566:
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1561:
1559:
1556:
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1549:
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1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
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1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
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1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:North Vietnam
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
987:
986:
982:
981:
975:
971:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
946:
945:
942:
939:
938:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
907:
903:
902:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
871:
866:
865:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
841:Today part of
839:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
808:
805:
798:
797:
794:
791:
784:
783:
780:
777:
770:
769:
766:
763:
756:
755:
752:
749:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
717:
714:
710:
706:
705:Soviet rouble
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
682:
678:
673:
669:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
640:
636:
633:
627:
623:
620:
614:
610:
604:
600:
597:
593:
587:
583:
580:
579:UN membership
574:
570:
567:
561:
557:
554:
548:
544:
538:
534:
530:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
499:
495:
492:
489:
483:
480:
477:
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
453:
450:
447:
441:
437:
433:
427:
423:
419:
417:
416:Head of state
413:
409:
406:
403:
397:
394:
391:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
365:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
333:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
315:
311:
308:
307:State atheism
305:
301:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
273:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
256:
252:
249:
246:
242:
239:
233:
229:
224:
218:
215:
211:
206:
200:
195:
176:
169:
163:
159:
155:
149:
144:
138:
129:
125:
117:
111:
101:
95:
87:
84:
77:
70:
56:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7798:Eastern Bloc
7740:
7711:Bukharan SSR
7705:SSR Abkhazia
7647:Estonian SSR
7600:Russian SFSR
7582:Russian SFSR
7577:Georgian SSR
7571:
7562:Armenian SSR
7489:Soviet Union
7434:Eastern Bloc
7414:
7377:Soviet Union
7330:East Germany
7129:Baranya–Baja
7098:Soviet Union
7078:East Germany
6776:Burkina Faso
6372:
6046:Soviet Union
6034:Eastern Bloc
5973:Bukharan SSR
5967:SSR Abkhazia
5909:Estonian SSR
5862:Russian SFSR
5844:Russian SFSR
5839:Georgian SSR
5833:
5824:Armenian SSR
5744:Bibliography
5613:Demographics
5547:Central bank
5437:Human rights
5410:Constitution
5297:
5170:
5139:
5135:
5127:the original
5107:
5079:
5071:
5064:
5046:
5029:
5025:
5011:(1): 76–98.
5008:
5004:
4978:
4961:
4957:
4937:
4925:
4906:
4885:
4865:
4846:
4829:
4825:
4808:
4790:
4786:
4772:(1): 37–61.
4769:
4765:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4719:
4715:
4688:
4680:Bibliography
4665:
4654:
4643:
4632:
4621:
4610:
4599:
4573:. Retrieved
4569:the original
4559:
4548:the original
4543:
4530:
4518:. Retrieved
4514:the original
4509:
4502:(in English)
4482:. Retrieved
4476:
4467:
4447:
4428:
4420:
4415:
4381:
4372:
4324:
4315:
4303:
4216:
4209:
4189:
4182:
4162:
4155:
4135:
4128:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4060:
4053:
4047:. Webster's.
4043:
4036:
4026:
4019:
4010:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3918:
3911:
3903:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3837:Druskininkai
3815:
3806:
3776:
3721:
3640:
3602:
3595:
3592:Demographics
3527:
3515:Soviet Union
3508:
3492:Constitution
3489:
3459:
3411:
3400:
3398:
3378:
3346:World War II
3334:slave labour
3330:Nazi Germany
3328:
3319:
3317:
3286:West Belarus
3278:Nazi Germany
3271:
3264:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3190:
3186:
3183:Constitution
3180:
3157:
3149:
3114:
3097:
3063:
3004:
2976:
2963:Leon Trotsky
2956:
2944:
2932:
2912:
2896:fifth column
2889:
2819:
2811:
2791:
2786:Nieman River
2754:
2741:
2738:peace treaty
2710:
2697:
2689:
2630:
2589:
2583:
2575:East Prussia
2565:
2559:
2557:
2550:After their
2521:
2502:
2473:
2470:Russian SFSR
2443:
2427:
2418:Western army
2409:
2399:
2376:
2367:Mitteleuropa
2365:
2355:
2342:
2332:
2325:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2270:
2238:
2202:
2190:Alexei Evert
2180:and most of
2155:
2113:
2104:
2092:
2084:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2043:
2022:
2016:
2013:Belaya Rus'
2012:
2004:
2002:
1983:adopted the
1977:World War II
1973:Nazi Germany
1954:
1948:. Following
1915:
1910:
1907:White Russia
1906:
1895:Soviet Union
1886:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1631:to Hong Kong
1626:East Germany
1578:Tbilisi 1989
1563:Romania 1977
1531:Hungary 1956
1526:Georgia 1956
1362:
1355:
1254:East Germany
1126:
1081:Eastern Bloc
1017:West Belarus
1008:
941:Early Modern
927:Golden Horde
733:Succeeded by
732:
727:
712:Calling code
666:• Total
601:27 July 1990
545:31 July 1920
356:
349:Soviet-style
335:
319:Byelorussian
231:
222:
216:
205:Soviet Union
161:
128:Motto:
127:
116:State emblem
36:
7762: /
7731:(1990–1991)
7725:(1990–1991)
7723:Abkhaz ASSR
7719:(1920–1924)
7717:Khorezm SSR
7713:(1920–1924)
7707:(1921–1931)
7690:(1922–1936)
7684:(1940–1956)
7675:Short-lived
7652:Latvian SSR
7637:Annexed in
7623:Kirghiz SSR
7613:Turkmen SSR
7540:(1922–1991)
7439:Warsaw Pact
7415:Byelorussia
7112:Short-lived
6969:Short-lived
6938:South Yemen
6923:North Korea
6883:Afghanistan
6600:New Zealand
6595:Netherlands
6361:Dissolution
6301:Martial law
6224:Revolts and
6198:Warsaw Pact
5993:(1990–1991)
5987:(1990–1991)
5985:Abkhaz ASSR
5981:(1920–1924)
5979:Khorezm SSR
5975:(1920–1924)
5969:(1921–1931)
5952:(1922–1936)
5946:(1940–1956)
5937:Short-lived
5914:Latvian SSR
5899:Annexed in
5885:Kirghiz SSR
5875:Turkmen SSR
5802:(1922–1991)
5618:Belarusians
5537:Agriculture
5256:Kievan Rus'
4672:, Art. 142.
4575:10 February
4520:10 February
4484:17 February
3994:: 133–156.
3829:Dieveniškės
3825:Šalčininkai
3620:Lithuanians
3608:Belarusians
3570:Warsaw Pact
3402:perestroika
3395:Dissolution
3375:(1985–1988)
3322:within the
3129:Belarusians
3117:Belarusians
3072:, Russian,
2900:Belarusians
2740:. It was a
2571:first clash
2446:Baranovichi
2343:Obliskomzap
2315:Obliskomzap
2304:Obliskomzap
2296: [
2272:Obliskomzap
2205:Nicholas II
2194:Baranovichi
2105:Byelorussia
2093:Byelorussia
2085:Byelorussia
2023:White Rus'.
2009:Белору́ссия
2005:Byelorussia
1999:Terminology
1922:World War I
1887:Byelorussia
1717:Vietnam War
1707:Berlin Wall
1636:North Korea
1573:Brașov 1987
1541:Prague 1968
1504:Poznań 1956
1357:Warsaw Pact
1316:South Yemen
1294:North Korea
1207:Afghanistan
1127:Byelorussia
1025:(from 1991)
1003:(from 1918)
994:(1795–1917)
958:(1648–1764)
952:(1569–1648)
912:Kievan Rus'
904:Middle ages
896:Early Slavs
879:History of
728:Preceded by
707:(Rbl) (SUR)
687:1989 census
509:(1938–1991)
501:Legislature
181:(1955–1991)
119:(1981–1991)
103:(1951–1991)
81:1941–1944:
7777:Categories
7750:29°00′00″E
7747:54°00′00″N
7618:Kazakh SSR
7350:Yugoslavia
7224:Tarnobrzeg
7149:Bessarabia
7103:Yugoslavia
6826:Seychelles
6821:Mozambique
6816:Madagascar
6739:Vietnamese
6734:Venezuelan
6724:Nicaraguan
6719:Melanesian
6636:Venezuela
6548:Kuomintang
6541:since 1978
6511:Bangladesh
6487:By country
6481:by country
6315:Conditions
6293:Solidarity
6226:opposition
5880:Kazakh SSR
5681:Literature
5671:Folk dance
5628:Healthcare
5556:(currency)
5484:Parliament
5432:Government
5405:Censorship
5251:Androphagi
4365:Pipes 1997
4308:Pipes 1997
4296:Pipes 1997
4275:Pipes 1997
4244:Pipes 1997
3969:References
3941:or simply
3866:Belarusian
3821:Švenčionys
3785:Belarusian
3628:– about 1%
3626:Ukrainians
3503:See also:
3446:See also:
3304:See also:
3070:Belarusian
3059:selsoviets
3057:and 1,229
2904:Ukrainians
2245:Bolsheviks
2139:See also:
2018:White Rus'
2007:(Russian:
1934:Bolsheviks
1871:Belarusian
1727:Afghan War
1680:Korean War
1516:Plzeň 1953
1395:Opposition
1335:Yugoslavia
1289:Mozambique
1187:Uzbekistan
1172:Tajikistan
1142:Kazakhstan
1122:Azerbaijan
888:Prehistory
692:10,199,709
675:Population
357:1990–1991:
336:1920–1990:
329:Government
314:Demonym(s)
261:Belarusian
217:1920–1922:
137:Belarusian
55:Belarusian
7628:Uzbek SSR
7608:Tajik SSR
7546:Principal
7501:Communism
7401:1982–1991
7396:1964–1982
7391:1953–1964
7386:1927–1953
7381:1917–1927
7294:Communist
7182:1939–1940
7137:1918–1919
6906:1982–1992
6901:1979–1992
6896:1975–1979
6892:Cambodia
6867:Nicaragua
6799:1987–1991
6794:1974–1987
6790:Ethiopia
6729:Tanzanian
6610:Sri Lanka
6553:Hong Kong
6536:Communist
6499:Australia
6494:Argentina
6479:Socialism
6374:Die Wende
6347:Economies
6188:Cominform
6171:(to 1948)
6133:(to 1961)
6061:Formation
6051:Communism
5890:Uzbek SSR
5870:Tajik SSR
5808:Principal
5676:Languages
5623:Education
5587:Transport
5494:President
5467:Militsiya
5415:Elections
5325:Geography
5156:153635749
4736:144785016
4510:Khatyn.by
4473:"Belarus"
4030:. Avrora.
3923:romanized
3908:romanized
3886:Russian:
3875:romanized
3841:Lithuania
3833:Adutiškis
3462:one-party
3424:, of the
3294:Lithuania
3197:, whilst
3098:Belkomzet
2836:, Minsk,
2722:Petrograd
2669:Milrevcom
2645:Panevėžys
2641:Panevėžys
2509:Lithuania
2364:, called
2247:when the
2146:Beginning
2097:Białystok
2027:Ruthenian
2003:The term
1993:dissolved
1598:Riga 1991
1588:Baku 1990
1478:Lithuania
1370:Cominform
1274:Kampuchea
1177:Turkmenia
1157:Lithuania
1147:Kirghizia
1102:Republics
1019:(1919–39)
1012:(1919–91)
964:(1764–95)
849:Lithuania
531:declared
346:one-party
303:Religion
289:Ukrainian
232:1990–1991
223:1922–1990
79:1920–1991
7554:Founders
7320:Bulgaria
7234:Würzburg
7209:Naissaar
7173:Finland
7133:Bavaria
7071:Slovakia
7056:Bulgaria
6986:Far East
6933:Mongolia
6845:Americas
6709:European
6640:Chavismo
6605:Pakistan
6342:Politics
5816:Founders
5753:Category
5638:Religion
5633:Language
5572:Industry
5479:Military
5388:Politics
5230:articles
4456:Archived
4436:Archived
4380:(1986).
4323:(1986).
3746:See also
3676:Bobruisk
3637:– <1%
3635:Russians
3580:and the
3564:and the
3369:Chairman
3172:Rechytsa
3125:Russians
3084:and the
3082:Russians
3015:Bobruysk
2826:Bobruysk
2742:de facto
2685:Bobruysk
2677:Smolensk
2661:Bobruysk
2466:Smolensk
2382:Creation
2347:Smolensk
2228:and the
2015:, i.e.,
1891:republic
1889:, was a
1742:Gulf War
1546:Invasion
1420:Bulgaria
1284:Mongolia
1259:Ethiopia
1228:Bulgaria
1162:Moldavia
870:a series
868:Part of
701:Currency
7477:Belarus
7463:Portals
7444:Comecon
7420:Ukraine
7345:Romania
7335:Hungary
7315:Albania
7204:Ireland
7194:Galicia
7093:Romania
7051:Albania
7006:Jiangxi
6953:Vietnam
6857:Grenada
6831:Somalia
6714:Israeli
6704:Chinese
6699:Burmese
6694:British
6684:African
6656:History
6647:Vietnam
6615:Tunisia
6565:Finland
6560:Estonia
6193:COMECON
6093:Romania
6088:Hungary
5730:Outline
5666:Cuisine
5648:Culture
5601:Society
5542:Banking
5525:Economy
5347:Geology
5238:History
5226:Belarus
3943:Belarus
3877::
3843:in 1940
3793:Russian
3716:Draniki
3697:Cuisine
3682:Culture
3671:Vitebsk
3666:Mogilev
3574:Comecon
3422:Ukraine
3371:of the
3290:Vilnius
3239:troikas
3234:dvoikas
3189:to the
3074:Yiddish
3047:Polotsk
3035:Mogilev
3027:Kalinin
3023:Vitebsk
3019:Borisov
2830:Borisov
2803:Zhlobin
2784:on the
2762:Galicia
2746:Estonia
2714:Siberia
2681:Zarasai
2610:Suwalki
2558:In the
2517:Vilnius
2462:Mogilev
2450:Vitebsk
2269:single
2262:Mogilev
2258:Vitebsk
2243:led by
2241:soviets
2172:in the
2127:History
2056:or the
1975:during
1969:Ukraine
1893:of the
1879:Russian
1607:Dissent
1509:1980–89
1468:Estonia
1445:Ukraine
1435:Romania
1425:Croatia
1415:Albania
1364:Comecon
1321:Vietnam
1310:Somalia
1305:Romania
1269:Hungary
1264:Grenada
1212:Albania
1182:Ukraine
1137:Georgia
1132:Estonia
1117:Armenia
1105:of the
881:Belarus
845:Belarus
685:•
630:•
590:•
577:•
564:•
551:•
527:•
514:History
361:Unitary
340:Unitary
294:Yiddish
266:Russian
244:Capital
162:Anthem:
69:Russian
7340:Poland
7296:period
7214:Saxony
7159:Bremen
7088:Poland
7044:Europe
7011:Kuwait
6991:Fujian
6806:Guinea
6766:Angola
6759:Africa
6575:Greece
6570:France
6532:China
6528:Canada
6521:Lulism
6516:Brazil
6213:(WFDY)
6205:(WFTU)
5758:Portal
5691:Cinema
5567:Energy
5554:Ruble
5374:Swamps
5369:Rivers
5337:Cities
5228:
5154:
5119:
5094:
5053:
4985:
4945:
4914:
4893:
4872:
4853:
4734:
4696:
4388:
4331:
4224:
4197:
4170:
4143:
4116:
4072:
3740:Poland
3736:Russia
3728:stewed
3661:Grodno
3576:, the
3550:UNESCO
3534:UNICEF
3405:under
3350:Khatyn
3312:, and
3256:kulaks
3145:likbez
3078:Polish
3076:, and
3055:raions
3051:Slutsk
3011:okrugs
2908:Slutsk
2842:Slutsk
2834:Igumen
2822:uyezds
2750:Latvia
2657:Dvinsk
2649:Grodno
2637:Slonim
2602:Grodno
2590:Litbel
2579:Kaunas
2485:Litbel
2477:1919,
2458:Grodno
2349:. The
2224:, the
2101:Grodno
2068:, and
2066:Little
2054:Russia
2046:Russia
1967:, and
1961:Russia
1924:, the
1621:Poland
1616:Soviet
1551:Moscow
1473:Latvia
1440:Serbia
1430:Poland
1299:Poland
1218:Angola
1167:Russia
1152:Latvia
983:Modern
872:on the
857:Russia
853:Poland
517:
464:
420:
378:
323:Soviet
284:Polish
213:Status
164:
65:
51:
7229:Užice
7164:Bihać
7124:Banat
6996:Gilan
6943:Syria
6913:China
6888:Burma
6862:Chile
6836:Sudan
6811:Libya
6786:Egypt
6771:Benin
6590:Italy
6580:India
5737:Index
5696:Media
5686:Music
5246:Neuri
5152:S2CID
5001:(PDF)
4822:(PDF)
4732:S2CID
4551:(PDF)
4540:(PDF)
3768:Notes
3656:Gomel
3651:Brest
3646:Minsk
3616:– 16%
3614:Poles
3610:– 81%
3276:with
3168:Gomel
3086:Poles
3043:Orsha
3039:Mozyr
3031:Minsk
2838:Mozyr
2807:Orsha
2665:Vtsik
2614:Minsk
2606:Kovno
2598:Vilna
2594:Vilna
2561:Kresy
2536:Neman
2479:Pinsk
2454:Gomel
2300:]
2266:Minsk
2070:White
2062:Great
2035:Slavs
1239:Congo
1233:China
1223:Benin
248:Minsk
7639:1940
7598:the
7177:1918
7142:1919
6948:Tuva
6928:Laos
6918:Iraq
6876:Asia
6852:Cuba
6689:Arab
6585:Iran
5901:1940
5860:the
5504:List
5441:LGBT
5117:ISBN
5092:ISBN
5051:ISBN
4983:ISBN
4943:ISBN
4912:ISBN
4891:ISBN
4870:ISBN
4851:ISBN
4694:ISBN
4577:2020
4522:2020
4486:2022
4386:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4222:ISBN
4195:ISBN
4168:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4114:ISBN
4070:ISBN
3738:and
3705:and
3690:and
3622:– 5%
3248:NKVD
3244:OGPU
3170:and
3049:and
2902:and
2892:Riga
2840:and
2805:and
2799:Kiev
2748:and
2647:and
2612:and
2522:The
2503:The
2464:and
2311:Rada
2264:and
2099:and
1863:BSSR
1857:The
1755:Fall
1279:Laos
1244:Cuba
1108:USSR
660:Area
100:Flag
5174:by
5144:doi
5084:doi
5034:doi
5013:doi
4966:doi
4834:doi
4795:doi
4774:doi
4724:doi
3996:doi
3954:In
3732:rye
3252:MGB
3147:).
3131:of
2540:Bug
1909:or
1865:or
1329:PRG
7779::
7379::
7375:/
6299:/
6295:/
6271:/
5150:.
5140:25
5138:.
5115:.
5111:.
5090:.
5030:18
5028:.
5009:31
5007:.
5003:.
4962:11
4960:.
4830:27
4828:.
4824:.
4791:16
4789:.
4770:29
4768:.
4730:.
4720:15
4718:.
4585:^
4542:.
4508:.
4494:^
4475:.
4400:^
4343:^
4282:^
4251:^
4236:^
4096:).
4064:.
3992:14
3990:.
3986:.
3925::
3910::
3890:,
3872:,
3868::
3835:,
3831:,
3827:,
3823:,
3795::
3791:;
3787::
3742:.
3572:,
3560:,
3556:,
3552:,
3548:,
3544:,
3540:,
3536:,
3532:,
3525:.
3326:.
3308:,
3265:A
3250:,
3246:,
3236:,
3108:,
3045:,
3041:,
3037:,
3033:,
3029:,
3025:,
3021:,
3017:,
3013::
2832:,
2828:,
2824::
2608:,
2604:,
2600:,
2519:.
2460:,
2456:,
2452:,
2448:,
2306:.
2298:ru
2260:,
2236:.
2123:.
2064:,
1963:,
1913:.
1881::
1877:;
1873::
1869:;
1327:,
716:+7
647:)
321:,
7530:e
7523:t
7516:v
7465::
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7278:t
7271:v
6471:e
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6324:(
6026:e
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5100:.
5086::
5059:.
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4951:.
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4780:.
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4738:.
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234::
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152:"
150:)
146:(
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135:(
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67:(
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