2003:
2119:
4552:
57:
41:
4792:
2027:
127:
64:
4802:
2015:
572:
room), in 2007–08. During the 2008–09 campaign the construction of a new main house began. It was completed during the 2009–10 campaign and was inaugurated on 25 May 2010. The new house has a covered area of about 500 m (5,400 sq ft) with more comfort and space for recreation: it is located on what was once the former home destroyed by fire.
626:
and 2,500 km (1,600 mi) from
Ushuaia, the nearest port city. As of 2014 it is Argentina's southernmost permanent base, and the third further south permanent base in the planet. It is also the world's southmost base built on solid rock, which gives it unique advantages for seismological and
843:
Mean monthly temperatures range from −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) in July, the coldest month to −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) in
January, the warmest month. During summer, the average high is −1.2 °C (29.8 °F) while the average low is −7.7 °C (18.1 °F). In winter, the average high
502:
After 25 years of continuous activity, Belgrano I was closed due to the fast deterioration of the ice barrier it was sitting on; new, often hidden cracks and crevices endangered the on-duty personnel and material. In order to continue the scientific programs and keep
Argentina presence in the area,
691:
The general tasks of the base personnel are primarily of scientific research, survey and exploration, also providing support for foreign scientific efforts. Other common duties are shelter maintenance, search and rescue, medical, communications and weather forecast support to expeditions, bases,
571:
as the fire had destroyed all the wintering elements. The construction of emergency facilities to solve the housing problem started in early 2006, This new building was planned in two stages with the first one (bathrooms, kitchen and bedrooms) being finished in 2006–07 and the second one (living
3432:
535:
The new housing facilities were a vast improvement over the previous base ones: since 1955, the men who wintered in the old
Belgrano I Base were living inside tunnels dug in the ice, ice that was always moving slowly towards the sea and, as finally happened, would become a tabular
3403:
3339:
566:
On the morning of 10 September 2005 the main house was completely destroyed as a result of a fire caused by a heater malfunction. Personnel had to be distributed to other buildings and new food and clothes had to be brought from the mainland and
558:
In addition to new instruments brought from the mainland, Belgrano II received all the scientific equipment transferred from
Belgrano I. The LABEL laboratory (LAboratory BELgrano) was rebuilt demanding considerable effort. A new facility, the
3381:
652:
to resist low temperatures. Some of the facilities at the base are: main and personnel houses; emergency house/infirmary; airstrip; heliport; chapel; museum; radio station; meteorological station; power plant; vehicle fleet (several
1809:
639:
As of 2014 Belgrano II is composed of a dozen buildings stationed on the nunatak rock, spanning a total area of 6 ha (60,000 m; 650,000 sq ft). Structures are mostly of composite panels covered by metal or
476:
As of 2022 it is
Argentina's southernmost permanent base, the world's third furthest south permanent base, and the world's southernmost base built on solid rock, which makes it particularly suited for geological research.
1592:
665:); atmospheric research station; mechanical, carpentry and electricity workshop; general equipment and spare parts warehouses; and foodstuff deposits (also called GUM). The all-year capable airstrip is located on a
810:
233:
3660:
847:
Snowfall occurs throughout the year; on average, there are 143 days with snow. January to April are the snowiest periods of the year with each month receiving 13 to 14 days with snow.
145:
3653:
2768:
606:
A cross was erected in 1955 some 1,300 m (4,300 ft) north-east of
Belgrano I and subsequently moved to Belgrano II in 1979. This has been designated a
3427:
3222:
836:
directed towards the north: although they do not precipitate, they do produce strong winds exceeding 200 km/h (120 mph) which radically increase the
3393:
2150:
507:, it was decided to lay the new facilities on solid land. Amid the vast expanse of ice that covers the region, only two small masses of granite emerge: the
3523:
3186:
1860:
4846:
3646:
3005:
1838:
4609:
1941:
1578:
681:
3334:
1684:
3415:
3398:
844:
and low are −15.9 °C (3.4 °F) and −23.6 °C (−10.5 °F) respectively. During the polar night, a lot of aurorae can be observed.
669:
2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of the base. The one-bed infirmary is 21 m (230 sq ft), attended by a doctor and a nurse. It has
2733:
167:
1514:
88:
4841:
3376:
2059:
1544:
4294:
4062:
3614:
2266:
4856:
4419:
3669:
3366:
2670:
781:
607:
4190:
2390:
2143:
519:
of permanently ice-free land. Also and despite being farther south and higher than
Belgrano I, the climate was significantly milder.
2037:
3772:
3410:
3726:
3439:
3388:
2927:
2118:
515:, both first sighted and named by Filchner's expedition in 1912. Belgrano II was founded on 5 February 1979 over the latter, a
746:
and energy resources study through the local satellite station transmitting data in real time; since
February 1998 a geodetic
737:
2525:
2271:
1666:
1586:
4810:
4220:
2136:
4573:
3142:
2556:
1969:
1738:
1648:
4614:
4016:
2944:
2604:
630:
As a result of its latitude, the summer day and winter night are four months long and the night sky often displays the
1984:
4351:
3575:
2052:
719:
2743:
1977:
56:
40:
4710:
4624:
4170:
3503:
2753:
2182:
2072:
243:
4831:
4705:
4588:
4366:
4287:
3859:
3290:
2915:
2517:
2294:
2159:
1868:
4578:
3137:
2299:
3619:
2253:
4836:
4568:
4530:
4341:
4087:
3545:
3191:
2709:
2225:
806:
576:
4479:
4409:
4356:
4329:
4180:
3493:
3176:
3034:
2976:
2790:
2456:
2276:
2045:
1692:
1787:
4805:
4593:
4525:
4414:
3244:
2785:
2342:
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4660:
4619:
4583:
4280:
4152:
3882:
3736:
3234:
2748:
2568:
2441:
2433:
1993:
1919:
522:
The unloading of the materials—equipment, tools and instruments, food and fuel—was conducted from the
4334:
2721:
2446:
2067:
772:
3371:
3273:
3125:
1765:
563:
polar astronomical observatory and a satellite dish antenna for data transmission were also set up.
526:
4695:
4685:
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4397:
4200:
4175:
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2971:
2891:
2474:
2421:
2410:
2378:
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751:
152:
3361:
3351:
750:
receiver and seismological recording station have been installed through a joint program with the
4725:
4629:
4515:
4311:
3800:
3346:
2826:
2416:
2402:
1571:
611:
1839:"Servicios Climáticos – Información de Turismo – Base Belgrano – Datos estadísticos (1981–1990)"
4700:
4520:
4162:
4097:
3488:
3022:
2939:
2879:
2464:
1523:
802:
140:
3154:
809:. As of 2010, the base has a 19 men crew two of whom are Air Force meteorologists, three are
157:
4720:
4670:
4665:
4560:
4402:
4346:
4324:
3638:
3498:
3473:
2993:
2988:
2007:
1549:
4235:
4036:
3948:
3570:
3533:
3256:
2802:
2758:
2354:
2068:
1890:
1706:
1539:
658:
480:
As of 2022 Belgrano II is one of 13 research stations in
Antarctica operated by Argentina.
3877:
412:
Laboratory (meteorology, astronomy, seismography, riometry)
8:
4851:
4795:
4772:
4730:
4680:
4655:
4429:
4387:
3991:
3981:
3782:
3754:
3508:
3198:
2507:
1816:
583:
4715:
3953:
3943:
649:
631:
2763:
2215:
2108:
4777:
4650:
4319:
4253:
4142:
4102:
3731:
3565:
3171:
3096:
3091:
2903:
2855:
2665:
2502:
2366:
2337:
1582:
1467:
1420:
1372:
733:
715:
645:
458:
301:
547:
In its area of influence two Argentine-built refuges existed since long before: the
4767:
4137:
3836:
3721:
3478:
3449:
3322:
3278:
3210:
3181:
2954:
2949:
2843:
2697:
2479:
2031:
2019:
595:
446:
431:
2128:
1670:
492:
4751:
4535:
4510:
4436:
4392:
4382:
4185:
4147:
4127:
4107:
4072:
4001:
3828:
3818:
3713:
3602:
3585:
3580:
3528:
3086:
2530:
2304:
826:
743:
587:
508:
489:
462:
450:
210:
181:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4645:
4459:
4225:
4132:
4077:
4044:
4026:
3813:
3560:
3113:
2838:
2814:
2685:
2535:
2484:
2243:
2200:
2083:
814:
654:
541:
504:
466:
3869:
2660:
805:, as all Argentine bases on Antarctica, it is operated by the civilian agency
4825:
4690:
4484:
4205:
4112:
4092:
3986:
3933:
3915:
3897:
3841:
3808:
3590:
3483:
3261:
3039:
2959:
2867:
2675:
2655:
2469:
2238:
2233:
2205:
2098:
1742:
1652:
1254:
833:
103:
90:
4195:
4122:
4117:
4011:
3971:
3928:
3905:
3746:
3550:
3468:
3017:
2738:
2616:
2210:
2195:
2103:
2093:
785:
761:
685:
454:
3420:
4494:
4474:
4361:
4215:
4067:
4054:
4006:
3938:
3887:
3851:
3159:
3101:
2773:
2680:
2494:
765:
704:
678:
4551:
4424:
4303:
4243:
4210:
4021:
3976:
3923:
3790:
3695:
3685:
3677:
3302:
2580:
2325:
837:
674:
641:
623:
523:
496:
470:
442:
171:
4464:
4261:
3996:
3764:
3555:
3518:
3513:
3463:
688:
church—in fact, it's the southernmost worship place of any religion.
439:
309:
292:
132:
499:), which remained for years as Argentina's southernmost settlement.
4489:
4082:
3963:
3444:
2592:
1898:
Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
1815:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from
778:
Ionospheric and aurorae sounding research in cooperation with Italy
205:
1707:"List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)"
1861:"Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Base Base Belgrano II"
794:
755:
666:
662:
591:
568:
537:
516:
512:
146:
Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands Province
854:
Climate data for Belgrano II (1991–2020, extremes 1956–present)
3239:
726:; and EVA IFAR spectrophotometer, a joint program with INTA in
503:
and after careful studies on alternative locations done by the
3668:
4272:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3051:
2286:
1867:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from
727:
723:
711:
670:
297:
1526:(humidity 1982–1995), Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)
1841:(in Spanish). National Meteorological Service of Argentina
1810:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020"
1788:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020"
622:
Belgrano II is about 1,300 km (810 mi) from the
400:Radio and satellite station
747:
385:Emergency house/infirmary
1891:"Klimatafel von Belgrano II (Argentinien) / Antarktis"
1991:
1739:"Intercambio de información – Información Permanente"
575:
During the repairs of the Argentine Navy icebreaker
2158:
4610:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
1741:. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Archived from
1669:. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Archived from
1579:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
1566:
1564:
700:The following research programs are run at LABEL:
677:facilities. Dug in the nearby ice, Belgrano II's
4823:
1780:
1651:(in Spanish). Fundaciòn Marambio. Archived from
714:research with high altitude probes and a Brewer
1691:(in Spanish). 10 September 2005. Archived from
1561:
582:which is normally used to supply the base, the
382:Personnel houses
1802:
825:The Belgrano II base has a coastal-influenced
409:Vehicle garage
4288:
3654:
2144:
2053:
1790:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
1768:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1865:Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
692:ships and aircraft, both local and foreign.
406:Vehicle fleet
1912:
817:personnel in charge of operating the base.
610:, following a proposal by Argentina to the
123:
45:View of Belgrano II, austral summer of 2007
4847:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica
4295:
4281:
3670:Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
3661:
3647:
2151:
2137:
2060:
2046:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
555:shelters had been set up in January 1976.
403:Power plant
1610:
379:Main house
3773:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
811:Argentine National Antarctic Directorate
63:
2069:Argentine permanent bases in Antarctica
1749:
415:Workshop
391:Heliport
388:Airstrip
4824:
1942:"89034: Base Belgrano Ii (Antarctica)"
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
695:
4276:
3642:
3070:
2639:
2170:
2132:
2041:
1970:Fundaciòn Marambio – Base Belgrano II
813:civilian researchers and the rest is
764:, operating the world's southernmost
612:Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
397:Museum
394:Chapel
4842:Populated places established in 1979
4801:
1853:
1712:. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012
1598:from the original on 22 October 2022
791:Bird monitoring and nesting patterns
586:took over the task with airdrops by
1900:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
1883:
1831:
1724:
1699:
1685:"Insólito incendio en la Antártida"
1659:
1545:List of Antarctic research stations
738:Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba
590:aircraft in a non-stop flight from
13:
14:
4868:
4857:1979 establishments in Antarctica
1963:
720:World Meteorological Organization
495:founded the first Belgrano Base (
438:) is a permanent, all year-round
4800:
4791:
4790:
4550:
2117:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1978:Dirección Nacional del Antártico
797:, through GPS and a Doris beacon
601:
234:Dirección Nacional del Antártico
125:
62:
55:
39:
2160:Research stations in Antarctica
1934:
1515:Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
682:Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows
200:(1978–79 austral summer season)
4302:
2171:
1677:
1667:"Argentine Antarctic Stations"
617:
1:
2073:Instituto Antártico Argentino
1555:
1550:List of Antarctic field camps
807:Argentine Antarctic Institute
244:Instituto Antártico Argentino
684:is the world's southernmost
553:Aviso ARA Comandante Zapiola
7:
1572:Antarctic Station Catalogue
1533:
1113:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
973:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
801:Although maintained by the
10:
4873:
4063:Bernardo O'Higgins Station
3071:
2640:
1581:. August 2017. p. 3.
1521:
1517:(precipitation 2001–2010)
1512:
853:
820:
549:Sargento Ayudante Cisterna
483:
191:February 5, 1979
76:Location within Antarctica
4786:
4739:
4638:
4602:
4559:
4548:
4503:
4452:
4375:
4310:
4252:
4234:
4171:Antarctic Treaty Monument
4161:
4053:
4035:
3962:
3914:
3896:
3868:
3850:
3827:
3799:
3781:
3763:
3745:
3712:
3694:
3676:
3077:
3066:
2646:
2635:
2544:
2516:
2493:
2455:
2432:
2313:
2285:
2252:
2224:
2181:
2177:
2166:
2115:
2079:
1922:(in French). Meteo Climat
1465:
1418:
1370:
1326:
1252:
1182:
1112:
1042:
972:
902:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
832:The area is a passage of
608:Historic Site or Monument
367:
342:
334:
326:
318:
308:
291:
283:
275:
270:
262:
258:6 ha (15 acres)
254:
249:
239:
229:
221:
216:
204:
187:
177:
163:
151:
139:
119:
84:
50:
38:
31:
21:
4460:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
4191:Henryk Arctowski Station
3860:A.B. Dobrowolski Station
1948:. OGIMET. 7 January 2022
752:Alfred Wegener Institute
736:, an agreement with the
266:256 m (840 ft)
25:
3801:Princess Elizabeth Land
3411:Pole of Inaccessibility
722:, a joint program with
457:and the creator of the
418:Warehouses and deposits
104:77.873696°S 34.627588°W
4832:Outposts of Antarctica
1524:Deutscher Wetterdienst
803:Argentine Armed Forces
773:Earth's magnetic field
435:
109:-77.873696; -34.627588
627:geological research.
540:drifting through the
240: • Operator
4837:Argentine Antarctica
3949:Inexpressible Island
2722:St. Kliment Ohridski
1540:Argentine Antarctica
903:Record high °C (°F)
732:Astrolabel, through
648:to provide adequate
449:named after General
445:base and scientific
4773:Robert Falcon Scott
4430:South magnetic pole
4388:Antarctic Peninsula
4383:Biogeographic realm
4176:Arturo Prat Station
3992:Hut Point Peninsula
3783:Mac. Robertson Land
3755:Proclamation Island
3704:Belgrano II Station
2972:Gabriel de Castilla
1871:on 4 September 2017
1327:Average snowy days
1183:Record low °C (°F)
1043:Daily mean °C (°F)
696:Scientific activity
584:Argentine Air Force
461:. It is located on
284: • Winter
276: • Summer
158:Antártida Argentina
100: /
4711:Telecommunications
4625:Territorial claims
4181:Great Wall Station
4128:San Martin Station
3944:Hells Gate Moraine
3727:Humboldt Mountains
2710:Princess Elisabeth
1920:"Station Belgrano"
1766:"Base Belgrano II"
1649:"Base Belgrano II"
650:thermal insulation
529:General San Martín
255: • Total
4819:
4818:
4778:Ernest Shackleton
4706:Research stations
4651:Antarctic English
4620:National programs
4615:Military activity
4589:COVID-19 pandemic
4546:
4545:
4415:Floristic Kingdom
4320:Antarctic sea ice
4270:
4269:
4254:Stonington Island
4143:Stonington Island
4103:Metchnikoff Point
4078:Esperanza Station
3878:Débarquement Rock
3732:Schirmacher Oasis
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3172:Drescher Ice Camp
3062:
3061:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2557:Comandante Ferraz
2277:Profesor Escudero
2267:General O'Higgins
2126:
2125:
1588:978-0-473-40409-3
1530:
1529:
1373:relative humidity
734:optical telescope
716:spectrophotometer
646:polyurethane foam
425:
424:
230: • Body
222: • Type
4864:
4804:
4803:
4794:
4793:
4768:James Clark Ross
4740:Famous explorers
4554:
4373:
4372:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4138:Snow Hill Island
4098:Megalestris Hill
4088:Horseshoe Island
4017:Observation Hill
3982:Shackleton's Hut
3837:Buromskiy Island
3722:Dakshin Gangotri
3663:
3656:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3623:
3453:
3436:
3424:
3407:
3385:
3343:
3211:Dakshin Gangotri
3195:
3068:
3067:
2637:
2636:
2475:Novolazarevskaya
2343:Dumont d'Urville
2179:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1985:Official website
1974:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1895:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1695:on 7 March 2014.
1681:
1675:
1674:
1673:on 20 June 2013.
1663:
1657:
1656:
1645:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1576:
1568:
851:
850:
633:aurora australis
596:Tierra del Fuego
579:Almirante Irízar
561:José Luis Sersic
447:research station
436:Base Belgrano II
428:Belgrano II Base
354:Solar radiation
198:
196:
135:
131:
129:
128:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
70:Belgrano II Base
66:
65:
59:
43:
26:Base Belgrano II
23:Belgrano II Base
19:
18:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4782:
4752:Richard E. Byrd
4735:
4696:Protected areas
4634:
4598:
4555:
4542:
4499:
4453:Bodies of Water
4448:
4437:West Antarctica
4393:East Antarctica
4371:
4306:
4301:
4271:
4266:
4248:
4230:
4186:Half Moon Beach
4163:South Shetlands
4157:
4148:Waterboat Point
4108:Paradise Harbor
4073:Detaille Island
4049:
4037:Edward VII Land
4031:
4002:McMurdo Station
3958:
3910:
3892:
3864:
3846:
3829:Queen Mary Land
3823:
3819:Walkabout Rocks
3795:
3777:
3759:
3741:
3714:Queen Maud Land
3708:
3690:
3672:
3667:
3637:
3628:
3617:
3603:World Park Base
3581:Little Rockford
3447:
3430:
3418:
3401:
3379:
3337:
3189:
3073:
3058:
2759:Julio Ripamonti
2744:González Videla
2656:Almirante Brown
2642:
2623:
2540:
2512:
2489:
2451:
2428:
2309:
2281:
2272:Presidente Frei
2248:
2220:
2173:
2162:
2157:
2127:
2122:
2113:
2075:
2066:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1745:on 17 May 2013.
1737:
1736:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1655:on 2 June 2012.
1647:
1646:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1536:
1531:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
827:ice cap climate
823:
744:Solar radiation
698:
655:Tucker Sno-Cats
620:
604:
588:KC-130 Hercules
490:Brigade General
486:
463:Bertrab Nunatak
451:Manuel Belgrano
421:
376:
375:
363:
351:
350:
211:Manuel Belgrano
199:
194:
192:
182:Bertrab Nunatak
170:
126:
124:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
46:
34:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4870:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4762:Ui-te-Rangiora
4759:
4757:Douglas Mawson
4754:
4749:
4747:Roald Amundsen
4743:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4686:Gateway cities
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:Antarctica Day
4642:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4518:
4516:Microorganisms
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:List of rivers
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Extreme points
4407:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4330:Climate change
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4226:Yankee Harbour
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Seymour Island
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4045:Scott Nunataks
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3814:Vostok Station
3811:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3610:Joint Stations
3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Little America
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3459:United Kingdom
3456:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3437:
3425:
3416:Salyut Station
3413:
3408:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:Elichiribehety
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3013:United Kingdom
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Leningradskaya
2932:
2931:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2798:Czech Republic
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Guillermo Mann
2746:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Amundsen-Scott
2522:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2465:Bellingshausen
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2411:United Kingdom
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2321:Czech Republic
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2010:
2008:Earth sciences
1990:
1989:
1980:
1975:
1965:
1964:External links
1962:
1960:
1959:
1933:
1911:
1882:
1852:
1830:
1819:on 8 July 2023
1801:
1779:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1676:
1658:
1609:
1587:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:sunshine hours
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:sunshine hours
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
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1328:
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1313:
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1303:
1298:
1293:
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1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
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1249:
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1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
856:
855:
849:
834:weather fronts
822:
819:
815:Argentine Army
799:
798:
792:
789:
779:
776:
769:
768:over firm rock
759:
741:
730:
708:
697:
694:
619:
616:
603:
600:
542:Southern Ocean
505:Argentine Army
488:In 1955, then
485:
482:
459:Argentine Flag
423:
422:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
373:
372:
371:
369:
365:
364:
362:
361:
358:
355:
348:
347:
346:
344:
340:
339:
336:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
322:All year-round
320:
316:
315:
312:
306:
305:
295:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
165:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
121:
117:
116:
82:
81:
75:
69:
68:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
33:Antarctic base
32:
29:
28:
22:
16:Antarctic base
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4869:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4799:
4797:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Midwinter Day
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4630:Treaty System
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:McMurdo Sound
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4236:South Orkneys
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Pendulum Cove
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4153:Winter Island
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Paulet Island
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Lambda Island
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Discovery Hut
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3954:Mount Dockery
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Cape Wadworth
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3916:Victoria Land
3913:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3898:George V Land
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:Petrel Island
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3842:Mirny Station
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:Tryne Islands
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3737:Showa Station
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3541:United States
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Komsomolskaya
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Druzhnaya III
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Georg Forster
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3143:Arturo Parodi
3141:
3139:
3138:Aguirre Cerda
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3126:King Baudouin
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:United States
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2977:Juan Carlos I
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Molodyozhnaya
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:Union Glacier
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2638:
2634:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2518:United States
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2120:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1840:
1834:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1789:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1708:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1577:(catalogue).
1573:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:Mean monthly
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1255:precipitation
1251:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
971:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
901:
857:
852:
848:
845:
841:
839:
835:
830:
828:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
763:
760:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
735:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
706:
703:
702:
701:
693:
689:
687:
683:
680:
676:
675:odontological
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
647:
643:
637:
635:
634:
628:
625:
615:
613:
609:
602:Historic site
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
573:
570:
564:
562:
556:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
533:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
500:
498:
494:
493:Hernán Pujato
491:
481:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:, one of the
452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
370:
366:
359:
357:Seismography
356:
353:
352:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
245:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
212:
209:
207:
203:
190:
186:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
122:
118:
113:
85:Coordinates:
83:
58:
49:
42:
37:
30:
20:
4676:Firefighting
4661:Demographics
4584:Colonization
4579:World War II
4196:Lame Dog Hut
4123:Port Lockroy
4118:Port Charcot
4012:Mount Erebus
3972:Cape Crozier
3929:Cape Geology
3906:Cape Denison
3747:Enderby Land
3703:
3609:
3597:
3540:
3469:Port Lockroy
3458:
3428:Sodruzhestvo
3362:Druzhnaya IV
3352:Druzhnaya II
3330:Soviet Union
3329:
3323:Sarie Marais
3298:South Africa
3297:
3285:
3268:
3251:
3229:
3223:Giacomo Bove
3217:
3205:
3166:
3149:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3092:Belgrano III
3081:
3046:
3029:
3018:Fossil Bluff
3012:
3000:
2983:
2966:
2934:
2928:Law-Racoviță
2922:
2910:
2904:Machu Picchu
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2780:
2754:Jorge Boonen
2728:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2650:
2611:
2599:
2588:South Africa
2587:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2355:Neumayer III
2349:
2332:
2320:
2262:Captain Prat
2190:
2088:
2071:operated by
1973:(in Spanish)
1950:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1864:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:the original
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1743:the original
1714:. Retrieved
1701:
1693:the original
1688:
1679:
1671:the original
1661:
1653:the original
1600:. Retrieved
1257:mm (inches)
846:
842:
838:chill factor
831:
824:
800:
786:cosmic noise
771:Analysis of
762:Seismography
710:Atmospheric
699:
690:
644:filled with
638:
632:
629:
621:
605:
578:
574:
565:
560:
557:
552:
548:
546:
534:
528:
521:
511:and Bertrab
501:
487:
479:
475:
467:Confín Coast
455:Libertadores
427:
426:
168:Confin Coast
4764:(legendary)
4671:Field camps
4569:Expeditions
4495:Weddell Sea
4475:Lake Vostok
4470:Lake Mercer
4342:Ice shelves
4221:Whalers Bay
4216:Potter Cove
4201:Maxwell Bay
4068:Damoy Point
4055:Graham Land
4027:Scott's Hut
4007:Mount Betty
3939:Foyn Island
3888:Port Martin
3870:Adélie Land
3852:Wilkes Land
3618: [
3448: [
3431: [
3419: [
3402: [
3394:Pionerskaya
3380: [
3347:Druzhnaya I
3338: [
3291:Dobrowolski
3252:New Zealand
3199:Neumayer II
3190: [
3160:Port Martin
2916:Dobrowolski
2863:New Zealand
2698:Vechernyaya
2576:New Zealand
2508:King Sejong
2495:South Korea
2191:Belgrano II
2089:Belgrano II
1772:13 November
1466:Mean daily
766:seismograph
705:Meteorology
618:Description
338:Operational
225:Directorate
188:Established
107: /
4852:Coats Land
4826:Categories
4574:Heroic Age
4425:South Pole
4335:Heat waves
4304:Antarctica
4244:Scotia Bay
4211:Point Wild
4022:Scott Base
3977:Cape Evans
3924:Cape Adare
3791:Cape Bruce
3696:Coats Land
3686:South Pole
3678:South Pole
3440:Sovetskaya
3303:Borga Base
3187:Neumayer I
3087:Belgrano I
3006:ITU PolReC
2764:Risopatrón
2326:Eco-Nelson
2295:Great Wall
2216:San Martín
2172:Year-round
2109:San Martín
1946:ogimet.com
1904:29 January
1875:4 November
1845:22 October
1602:16 January
1556:References
1522:Source 2:
1513:Source 1:
775:variations
642:fiberglass
624:South Pole
569:airdropped
524:icebreaker
497:Belgrano I
471:Coats Land
368:Facilities
343:Activities
271:Population
217:Government
195:1979-02-05
172:Coats Land
153:Department
95:34°37′39″W
92:77°52′25″S
4726:Transport
4465:Lake CECs
4442:ice sheet
4398:ice sheet
4367:Volcanoes
4357:Mountains
4312:Geography
4262:East Base
3997:Lewis Bay
3765:Kemp Land
3615:Weddell-1
3566:Ellsworth
3556:East Base
3534:Station W
3529:Station V
3524:Station T
3519:Station P
3514:Station O
3509:Station N
3504:Station J
3499:Station G
3494:Station F
3489:Station E
3484:Station D
3479:Station C
3474:Station B
3464:South Ice
3318:SANAE III
3240:Dome Fuji
3109:Australia
3097:Ellsworth
3082:Argentina
2856:Zucchelli
2815:Maldonado
2686:Primavera
2666:Decepción
2651:Argentina
2503:Jang Bogo
2403:Vernadsky
2391:Arctowski
2367:Concordia
2338:Concordia
2300:Zhongshan
2226:Australia
2201:Esperanza
2183:Argentina
2084:Esperanza
2032:Argentina
2020:Geography
1952:8 January
1716:1 January
718:from the
686:Christian
443:Antarctic
440:Argentine
310:UN/LOCODE
293:Time zone
263:Elevation
206:Named for
133:Argentina
4796:Category
4701:Religion
4603:Politics
4521:Wildlife
4490:Ross Sea
4352:Glaciers
4083:Hope Bay
3964:Ross Sea
3546:Brockton
3445:Vostok I
3313:SANAE II
3279:Maudheim
3182:Filchner
3040:Shirreff
2955:Russkaya
2950:Progress
2887:Pakistan
2844:Gondwana
2734:Carvajal
2717:Bulgaria
2676:Melchior
2671:Matienzo
2593:SANAE IV
2480:Progress
2206:Marambio
2099:Marambio
1593:Archived
1534:See also
1461:1,323.2
1371:Average
1322:(11.79)
1253:Average
1248:(−74.0)
1238:(−33.0)
1233:(−38.0)
1228:(−62.0)
1223:(−60.0)
1218:(−63.0)
1213:(−51.0)
1208:(−74.0)
1203:(−40.4)
1198:(−36.0)
1193:(−21.1)
1153:(−12.8)
1148:(−13.0)
788:analysis
782:Riometry
707:forecast
679:Catholic
663:ski-doos
513:nunataks
178:Location
141:Province
4806:Commons
4721:Tourism
4666:Economy
4639:Society
4561:History
4531:Mammals
4420:Islands
4376:Regions
4347:Geology
4325:Climate
3586:Plateau
3571:Hallett
3372:Lazarev
3335:Druzhba
3308:SANAE I
3257:Hallett
3167:Germany
3155:Charcot
3121:Belgium
3047:Uruguay
2923:Romania
2834:Germany
2822:Finland
2810:Ecuador
2791:Taishan
2739:Collins
2705:Belgium
2693:Belarus
2617:Artigas
2612:Uruguay
2531:McMurdo
2442:Bharati
2422:Rothera
2398:Ukraine
2350:Germany
2305:Qinling
2211:Orcadas
2196:Carlini
2104:Orcadas
2094:Carlini
1994:Portals
1926:11 June
1689:Infobae
1317:(0.67)
1312:(0.72)
1307:(0.80)
1302:(1.54)
1297:(1.06)
1292:(1.09)
1287:(0.98)
1282:(0.89)
1277:(0.66)
1272:(1.28)
1267:(1.08)
1262:(1.03)
1243:(−2.2)
1188:(−4.0)
1173:(19.8)
1168:(11.3)
1163:(−1.8)
1158:(−9.0)
1143:(−9.4)
1138:(−6.9)
1133:(−4.9)
1123:(12.0)
1118:(21.0)
1103:(27.1)
1098:(19.4)
1088:(−1.1)
1083:(−5.3)
1078:(−5.6)
1073:(−2.0)
1053:(19.2)
1048:(27.3)
1038:(14.4)
1033:(33.4)
1028:(26.2)
1023:(13.6)
988:(15.6)
983:(25.7)
978:(33.3)
968:(53.8)
963:(53.8)
958:(44.6)
953:(39.9)
948:(29.5)
943:(27.5)
938:(26.8)
933:(33.8)
928:(30.2)
923:(34.7)
918:(46.2)
913:(50.2)
908:(52.5)
821:Climate
795:Geodesy
756:Germany
667:glacier
661:VK-541
592:Ushuaia
538:iceberg
517:hectare
484:History
465:on the
432:Spanish
360:Geodesy
193: (
120:Country
4403:shield
4362:Tundra
3561:Eights
3399:Pobeda
3286:Poland
3274:Norway
3269:Norway
3245:Mizuho
3150:France
3114:Wilkes
3102:Sobral
3072:Closed
3001:Turkey
2984:Sweden
2935:Russia
2911:Poland
2892:Jinnah
2875:Norway
2839:Kohnen
2803:Mendel
2786:Kunlun
2774:Yelcho
2681:Petrel
2661:Cámara
2641:Summer
2600:Turkey
2552:Brazil
2545:Others
2536:Palmer
2485:Vostok
2457:Russia
2447:Maitri
2417:Halley
2386:Poland
2374:Norway
2333:France
2314:Europe
2244:Mawson
1823:8 July
1794:16 May
1585:
1458:282.1
1455:252.0
1452:173.6
1431:114.7
1428:172.3
1425:229.4
1366:127.9
1178:(0.7)
1128:(2.3)
1108:(8.2)
1093:(6.6)
1068:(0.5)
1063:(2.5)
1058:(9.9)
1018:(5.2)
1013:(1.2)
1008:(0.5)
1003:(3.7)
998:(6.6)
993:(8.2)
859:Month
659:Yamaha
509:Moltke
335:Status
330:Annual
327:Period
314:AQ BEL
164:Region
130:
4811:Index
4731:Women
4681:Flags
4656:Crime
4594:Years
4536:Krill
4526:Birds
4511:Flora
3622:]
3598:Other
3591:Siple
3452:]
3435:]
3423:]
3406:]
3389:Oasis
3384:]
3342:]
3262:Vanda
3235:Asuka
3230:Japan
3218:Italy
3206:India
3194:]
3133:Chile
3035:Lenie
3023:Signy
2967:Spain
2960:Soyuz
2868:Vanda
2851:Italy
2781:China
2729:Chile
2581:Scott
2569:Showa
2564:Japan
2470:Mirny
2434:India
2379:Troll
2362:Italy
2287:China
2254:Chile
2239:Davis
2234:Casey
1894:(PDF)
1813:(PDF)
1710:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1575:(PDF)
1449:66.0
1434:30.0
1363:10.7
1360:10.0
1354:10.7
1348:10.5
1342:10.5
1339:10.6
1336:12.8
1333:11.0
1330:12.8
1320:299.5
1246:−58.9
1241:−19.0
1236:−36.1
1231:−38.9
1226:−52.2
1221:−51.1
1216:−52.8
1211:−46.1
1206:−58.9
1201:−40.2
1196:−37.8
1191:−29.5
1186:−20.0
1176:−17.4
1166:−11.5
1161:−18.8
1156:−22.8
1151:−24.9
1146:−25.0
1141:−23.0
1136:−21.6
1131:−20.5
1126:−16.5
1121:−11.1
1106:−13.2
1091:−14.1
1086:−18.4
1081:−20.7
1076:−20.9
1071:−18.9
1066:−17.5
1061:−16.4
1056:−12.3
1021:−10.2
1016:−14.9
1011:−17.1
1006:−17.5
1001:−15.7
996:−14.1
991:−13.2
898:Year
728:Spain
724:Italy
712:ozone
671:x-ray
551:y el
298:UTC-3
4716:Time
4504:Life
3551:Byrd
2994:Wasa
2989:Svea
2899:Peru
2827:Aboa
2605:TARS
1954:2022
1928:2016
1906:2016
1877:2017
1847:2012
1825:2023
1796:2023
1774:2016
1718:2014
1604:2023
1583:ISBN
1508:3.6
1505:9.1
1502:8.4
1499:5.6
1496:2.2
1493:0.1
1490:0.0
1487:0.0
1484:0.0
1481:1.0
1478:3.7
1475:6.1
1472:7.4
1446:3.1
1443:0.0
1440:0.0
1437:0.0
1375:(%)
1357:9.6
1351:9.2
1345:9.8
1315:17.0
1310:18.2
1305:20.2
1300:39.0
1295:26.9
1290:27.8
1285:25.0
1280:22.5
1275:16.8
1270:32.5
1265:27.4
1260:26.2
1171:−6.8
1116:−6.1
1101:−2.7
1096:−7.0
1051:−7.1
1046:−2.6
1036:−9.8
1026:−3.2
986:−9.1
981:−3.5
966:12.1
961:12.1
946:−1.4
941:−2.5
936:−2.9
926:−1.0
911:10.1
906:11.4
895:Dec
892:Nov
889:Oct
886:Sep
883:Aug
880:Jul
877:Jun
874:May
871:Apr
868:Mar
865:Feb
862:Jan
673:and
657:and
577:ARA
527:ARA
374:List
349:List
319:Type
250:Area
3377:Mir
2880:Tor
1414:65
1411:70
1408:67
1405:62
1402:57
1399:56
1396:55
1393:56
1390:60
1387:63
1384:68
1381:69
1378:70
1031:0.8
976:0.7
956:7.0
951:4.4
931:1.0
921:1.5
916:7.9
754:of
748:GPS
594:in
302:ART
4828::
3620:ru
3450:es
3433:ru
3421:lt
3404:ru
3382:ru
3340:ru
3192:de
1944:.
1896:.
1863:.
1751:^
1726:^
1687:.
1612:^
1591:.
1563:^
840:.
829:.
784:,
636:.
614:.
598:.
544:.
532:.
473:.
469:,
434::
287:19
279:24
4296:e
4289:t
4282:v
3662:e
3655:t
3648:v
2152:e
2145:t
2138:v
2061:e
2054:t
2047:v
1996::
1956:.
1930:.
1908:.
1879:.
1849:.
1827:.
1798:.
1776:.
1720:.
1606:.
758:;
740:)
430:(
304:)
300:(
197:)
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