331:. Terrified parents nationwide refused to allow their children to celebrate Halloween the following month, and sales of costumes plummeted and did not recover for several years. Ben Cooper, Inc. formed the Halloween Celebration Committee along with eight other manufacturers of Halloween costumes, masks, makeup, and accessories and (in cooperation with the Toy Manufacturers of America) published the booklet "13 Great Ways to Celebrate Halloween" in order to reassure parents and help stimulate interest in the holiday again. Despite this setback, in 1984 the firm was still the largest supplier of Halloween costumes in the United States. The company recovered around 1987, as total sales of accessories, costumes, and makeup rose at an annual rate of 20 percent a year.
264:
147:
452:
1973:
27:
444:, and Walt Disney Studios. It said the reason for the move was to be closer to Southern textile factories and cutting shops, so that it could move away from the environmentally harmful vinyl costumes it had obtained from Asia and toward more acceptable natural fabrics. The company hoped to invest $ 6 million ($ 13,421,940) in building its new Greensboro facility, and said it would apply for a $ 600,000
420:
decision, the
Supreme Court held that a serious jurisdictional issue had been brought to the court's attention by legal briefs, forcing it to vacate the appellate court's decision, remanding the case back to the appellate court, and asking the appellate court to consider the jurisdictional issue. The
281:
In the 1960s and 1970s, Ben Cooper, Inc., was one of the "big three" Halloween costume companies, along with
Collegeville and the H. Halpern Company (Halco). The company became known for licensing popular film and television characters and getting their images onto store shelves quickly. For example,
401:
burned to the ground, destroying (the company said) $ 2 million to $ 3 million in inventory ($ 5 million to $ 7 million in 2023 dollars). Cooper's two insurance companies canceled coverage of the firm and refused to pay, citing inaccuracies in the insurance policy. The bankruptcy court refused to
391:
The increasing sales in the late 1980s were not enough to stave off bankruptcy, however. Ben Cooper, Inc.'s financial problems became so severe in 1988 that many customers left the firm and diverted licenses and business to its biggest competitor, Collegeville. The company filed for
428:. The company said at this time that it had 35 permanent employees, and manufactured and supplied more than 4 million costumes in the previous year. It said it controlled 70 to 80 percent of the licensed costume character costume business, and was partnered with companies such as
396:
on March 13, 1988. As a privately held company, little financial data was available on its profit margins. However, one press report estimated the firm's profit margin below 10 percent in 1989. On
January 6, 1989, the company's facility in
630:
305:
mask in 1987, anticipating Bush's election as president by a year. In 1979, Ben Cooper, Inc., was still the largest
Halloween costume company in the U.S. That same year, the firm issued its first costume based on a character in an
236:. Costumes often sold for $ 1.25 ($ 17 in 2023 dollars). At the time, the most popular costumes were traditional Halloween figures such as devils, ghosts, skeletons, and witches. In the 1950s, television characters such as
133:
from the 1950s through the mid-1980s. The company's inexpensive plastic masks and vinyl smocks were an iconic
American symbol of Halloween from the 1950s to the 1970s, for which Cooper has been called the
459:
On
October 30, 1991, Ben Cooper, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy yet again. The company's chief executive officer said the cause of the second bankruptcy was due to relocation expenses, the
248:
were more popular. As parents became more concerned about safety in the 1950s, the company responded by creating its "Glitter Glo" costumes, dresses, and jumpsuits with large amounts of blue
2042:
2037:
412:
determined in
February 1990 that the issue of the insurance coverage was "core" and thus should be heard by the bankruptcy court. One of the insurance companies appealed to the
2032:
209:—in 1937 and began selling Disney costumes under Fishbach's Spotlight brand. The two companies formally merged and incorporated as Ben Cooper, Inc., on December 8, 1942.
1138:
560:
475:
Products made by Ben Cooper, Inc. remain highly collectible. Collectors prize the boxed costumes with mask the most. In 2002, photographer
Phyllis Galembo published
464:
307:
2012:
2027:
409:
2007:
2062:
2047:
2022:
1360:
596:
2017:
1102:
719:
421:
2nd
Circuit Court of Appeals considered the jurisdictional issue, found in Cooper's favor, and reinstated its original ruling in January 1991.
2052:
252:
glued to the front (which would reflect the headlights of oncoming automobiles). The company banked heavily on the popularity of
President
347:
jigglers, sold loose in a counter box. In 1975, they made Shark!, a rubber shark with a rubber man clearly inspired by the popularity of
206:
1337:
541:
393:
2002:
2057:
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Just days after the appellate court's second ruling, executives of Ben Cooper, Inc. announced they were moving the company to
1751:
463:, and delays in obtaining bank loans. The company was not able to survive as an independent firm, however, and was bought by
1421:
1729:
413:
220:
image on the front that sold for less than $ 3. The company began selling its costumes through large retailers such as
1701:
828:
445:
429:
212:
By the late 1940s, Ben Cooper, Inc. was one of the largest and most prominent Halloween costume manufacturers in the
1178:
765:
631:"Ben Cooper, Inc." Entity Information. Division of Corporations. New York State Department of State. June 25, 2003.
383:, the latter two possibly appearing as toys for the first time. They were sold loose from a counter display box.
1689:
1092:
DeCaro, Frank. "Grown-Up Goblins: Halloween Fantasies Let the Ghoul Times Roll for Stressed Out Baby Boomers."
263:
129:
from the late 1930s to the late 1980s. It was one of the three largest Halloween costume manufacturers in the
166:
before founding a theatrical costume business in 1927. Cooper designed costumes and sets for the legendary
1353:
607:
319:
The company suffered heavy financial losses in the early and mid-1980s. Beginning on September 29, 1982,
167:
806:
DeCaro, "Grown-Up Goblins: Halloween Fantasies Let the Ghoul Times Roll for Stressed Out Baby Boomers",
1237:
1155:
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76:
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a book of text and photography which features some of the costumes produced by Ben Cooper, Inc.
1844:
1475:
1277:
1163:
405:
Ben Cooper, Inc. emerged from bankruptcy in April 1989 after paying all its creditors in full.
116:
37:
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consider Cooper's claims against the insurance companies. Cooper appealed the court's ruling.
460:
1834:
1784:
1371:
398:
339:
Apart from Halloween costumes, Ben Cooper's other major venture was toys, primarily of the
233:
1335:
Shapiro, Harriet. "Trick and Treat! Ben Cooper Bags Millions as the Halston of Halloween."
8:
1949:
1762:
1548:
1221:
Kovel, Ralph and Kovel, Terry. "It's Hard to Put a Price Tag on One-of-a-Kind Folk Art."
1206:
260:, but had to destroy thousands of masks after Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963.
1259:
1235:
Lesem, Jeanne. "Booklet Aims to Make '83 Halloween Trick-or-Treat Both Scary and Safe."
1039:
1997:
1977:
1894:
1633:
1526:
1521:
1407:
1182:
344:
185:
and Halloween becoming a more popular holiday, Cooper established Ben Cooper, Inc., in
72:
327:. Investigators discovered that someone had tampered with the product, lacing it with
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1859:
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1819:
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1381:
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451:
328:
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126:
100:
286:, a virtually unknown character at the time, in 1963. The company also licensed the
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1909:
1628:
1123:
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190:
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1804:
1734:
1643:
1364:
1094:
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539:
Shapiro, "Trick and Treat! Ben Cooper Bags Millions as the Halston of Halloween,"
324:
253:
217:
155:
1648:
1228:
Kovel, Ralph and Kovel, Terry. "Pop-Up Books and Toys Entertain for Centuries."
780:
Lesem, "Booklet Aims to Make '83 Halloween Trick-or-Treat Both Scary and Safe",
1939:
1919:
1829:
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1588:
1553:
1511:
1113:
376:
372:
1991:
1904:
1756:
1706:
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1613:
1543:
1506:
1465:
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1448:
1341:
1171:
Kita, Joe. "Just Needle and Thread Create Stuff of Dreams — and Nightmares."
545:
433:
364:
358:
298:
294:
237:
213:
159:
130:
119:
90:
1204:
Kovel, Ralph and Kovel, Terry. "Comfort Helped 'Sleeping Chair' Take Wing."
1954:
1824:
1814:
1623:
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312:
221:
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1603:
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to help defray costs and provide jobs to low-income workers in the area.
340:
202:
150:
A translucent Halloween mummy mask sold by Ben Cooper, Inc. in the 1960s.
122:
26:
1369:
Szadkowski, Joseph. "New Superheroes Suit Up With Halloween Standards."
793:
Kita, "Just Needle and Thread Create Stuff of Dreams — and Nightmares",
1924:
1694:
1608:
417:
368:
283:
193:, in 1937. The firm assumed control of A.S. Fishbach, Inc.—which had a
163:
477:
Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes & Masquerade,
1889:
1809:
1668:
1583:
1430:
1327:
Scism, Jack. "Greensboro Gains New Jobs As Costume Maker Relocates."
1262:
437:
380:
273:
1313:
Scism, Jack. "Bankruptcy Repeat No Treat for Costume Manufacturer."
1285:
Rinker, Harry. "Halloween Costumes Worth Scaring Up By Collectors."
1133:
Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes and Masquerade.
1044:
Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes and Masquerade,
1959:
1944:
1934:
1663:
1638:
367:," which were also flexible, non-articulated "jigglers," depicting
241:
186:
1252:
McLaughlin, Patricia. "Costumes' Popularity Is Absolutely Batty."
963:
Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania v. Ben Cooper, Inc.
1864:
1799:
1684:
1653:
1453:
1320:
Scism, Jack. "Court Lets Costume Firm Seek Jury Trial On Claim."
874:
March 14, 1988; "Cooper Agrees to Pay Unsecured Creditors 100%",
267:
A 1977 Ben Cooper costume and mask manufactured of the character
249:
135:
1292:
Rinker, Harry. "Unmasking the Value of Old Halloween Costumes."
707:
Szadkowski, "New Superheroes Suit Up With Halloween Standards,"
162:
in 1906. He studied accounting and briefly sought a career as a
1914:
1869:
995:
Scism, "Greensboro Gains New Jobs As Costume Maker Relocates,"
441:
287:
171:
1013:
Scism, "Bankruptcy Repeat No Treat for Costume Manufacturer,"
1598:
1573:
1516:
497:
Rinker, "Halloween Costumes Worth Scaring Up By Collectors,"
268:
245:
225:
1399:
1299:
Rosenkrantz, Linda. "Chills and Thrills Have Long History."
1197:
Kovel, Ralph and Kovel, Terry. "Antiques and Collectibles."
1794:
904:
Scism, "Court Lets Costume Firm Seek Jury Trial On Claim",
1275:
Petty, Ross D. "The 'Amazing Adventures' of Super Hero®."
297:
mask in the late 1960s, which sold as equally well as its
691:
Rinker, "Unmasking the Value of Old Halloween Costumes,"
357:
had the actual license. In 1980, they produced a set of "
181:
With live theatre becoming rarer in the 1930s due to the
104:
743:
McLaughlin, "Costumes' Popularity Is Absolutely Batty",
2043:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1991
2038:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1988
216:. Its costumes were generally very thin fabric with a
1214:
Kovel, Ralph and Kovel, Terry. "Ghoulish Goings-On."
1121:
Fricker, Dan. "Raisins Are Sweet for Costume Maker."
662:
Rosenkrantz, "Chills and Thrills Have Long History,"
410:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
1040:
Miller, "Mask Oriented," Salon.com, October 30, 2002
301:
mask even in the late 1980s. The company produced a
2033:
Companies that have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
1179:
Kleinfeld, N.R. "The Weird, the Bad and the Scary."
1111:Fendelman, Helaine. "Vintage Halloween Costumes."
138:of Halloween" and the "High Priest" of Halloween.
1268:Moody, Sid. "Television Land Outside Your Door."
1082:"Cooper Agrees to Pay Unsecured Creditors 100%."
197:to produce costumes based on characters owned by
1989:
1103:Everhart, Jane. "Halloween: A Family Business."
1065:"Ben Cooper Files to Reorganize in Chapter 11."
900:
898:
896:
870:"Ben Cooper Files to Reorganize in Chapter 11",
857:Fricker, "Raisins Are Sweet for Costume Maker",
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
766:Kleinfeld, "The Weird, the Bad and the Scary",
493:
491:
2013:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1992
1389:Yvaska, Steven Wayne. "Spirited Noisemakers."
1009:
1007:
1005:
918:
916:
914:
687:
685:
2028:Companies based in Greensboro, North Carolina
1415:
1306:Sandstrom, Karen. "Frightfully Collectible."
1072:"Chalkware Owl Could Bring As Much As $ 20."
893:
125:founded in 1937 which primarily manufactured
980:
675:Moody, "Television Land Outside Your Door,"
488:
2008:Manufacturing companies established in 1937
1161:"Halloween Costumes May Scare Up Profits."
1002:
934:
932:
911:
682:
645:
643:
641:
639:
310:motion picture, the creature from the film
1422:
1408:
713:Everhart, "Halloween: A Family Business,"
2063:Clothing companies based in New York City
703:
701:
649:Fendelman, "Vintage Halloween Costumes,"
578:
576:
574:
572:
2048:1937 establishments in the United States
2023:Defunct companies based in New York City
1265:. October 30, 2002. Accessed 2010-09-20.
929:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
636:
534:
532:
530:
528:
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522:
520:
450:
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262:
145:
2018:Clothing retailers of the United States
1190:Kovel, Terry. "Scaring Up Containers."
1990:
698:
569:
510:Sandstrom, "Frightfully Collectible,"
1403:
1152:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion.
890:, 896 F.2d 1394, 1396 (2d Cir. 1990).
750:
584:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion,
517:
2053:1937 establishments in New York City
1379:"Trick-or-Treating as Buck Rogers."
597:""Snow White Costumes By Fishbach",
293:The company produced a very popular
141:
1354:"Snow White Costumes By Fishbach."
821:Rack Toys: Cheap, Crazed Playthings
154:Founder Ben Cooper was born on the
13:
1245:"Major Bankruptcy Ruling Stands."
922:"Major Bankruptcy Ruling Stands",
414:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2074:
1216:Atlanta Journal and Constitution.
470:
446:Community Development Block Grant
1972:
1971:
1135:New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002.
1042:; see also, generally: Galembo,
1026:Yvaska, "Spirited Noisemakers,"
25:
1260:Miller, Laura. "Mask Oriented."
1052:
1033:
1020:
968:
956:
944:
881:
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851:
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833:
813:
800:
787:
774:
737:
728:
669:
2003:Halloween in the United States
1154:Valerie Steele, ed. New York:
656:
624:
589:
554:
504:
430:Children's Television Workshop
16:Halloween costume manufacturer
1:
2058:Companies established in 1937
1429:
1058:"Antiques and Collectibles."
977:, 924 F.2d 36 (2d Cir. 1991).
823:. PlaidStallions, 2012, 66.
482:
343:variety. In 1974, they made
323:after taking the painkiller
174:and several editions of the
7:
941:, 896 F.2d 1394, 1396-1397.
782:United Press International,
10:
2079:
1544:Lighting candles on graves
1238:United Press International
426:Greensboro, North Carolina
77:Greensboro, North Carolina
1968:
1882:
1843:
1783:
1774:
1717:
1677:
1562:
1537:Connecticut field pumpkin
1489:
1439:
96:
84:
67:
59:
51:
43:
33:
24:
1301:San Diego Union-Tribune.
1254:St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
1150:"Halloween Costume." In
1075:Spokane Spokesman-Review
745:St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
664:San Diego Union-Tribune,
582:"Halloween Costume", in
355:Imperial Toy Corporation
1329:Greensboro News-Record.
1322:Greensboro News-Record.
1315:Greensboro News-Record.
1199:Monterey County Herald.
1156:Charles Scribner's Sons
1015:Greensboro News-Record,
997:Greensboro News-Record,
906:Greensboro News-Record,
334:
199:The Walt Disney Company
1846:Veneration of the Dead
1391:San Jose Mercury News.
1282:100:3 (May–June 2010).
1278:The Trademark Reporter
1164:The Charlotte Observer
1028:San Jose Mercury News,
975:In re Ben Cooper, Inc.
965:, 498 U.S. 964 (1990).
953:, 896 F.2d 1394, 1404.
951:In re Ben Cooper, Inc.
939:In re Ben Cooper, Inc.
888:In re Ben Cooper, Inc.
566:, October 25–31, 1973.
456:
278:
151:
1481:Christian observances
1270:The Hartford Courant.
709:The Washington Times,
677:The Hartford Courant,
461:early 1990s recession
454:
394:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
387:Bankruptcies and sale
266:
149:
1835:Parade of Lost Souls
1786:Festival of the Dead
1372:The Washington Times
1223:Florida Times-Union.
1147:October 25–31, 1973.
633:Accessed 2010-09-20.
501:, November 10, 1996.
234:five-and-dime stores
1978:Category: Halloween
1763:Treehouse of Horror
1549:Prayer for the dead
1247:Business Insurance.
1230:Albany Times Union.
1207:Dallas Morning News
924:Business Insurance,
551:, October 29, 1979.
465:Rubie's Costume Co.
290:character in 1964.
21:
1690:Haunted attraction
1363:2011-07-21 at the
1289:November 10, 1996.
1131:Galembo, Phyllis.
1105:Selling Halloween.
1067:Daily News Record.
1060:The Bergen Record.
876:Daily News Record,
872:Daily News Record,
722:2010-08-07 at the
715:Selling Halloween,
711:October 11, 2003;
457:
455:Rubie's Costume Co
345:Planet of the Apes
279:
258:Jacqueline Kennedy
152:
127:Halloween costumes
101:Halloween costumes
73:Brooklyn, New York
19:
1985:
1984:
1878:
1877:
1855:Death anniversary
1820:Qingming Festival
1497:Trick-or-treating
1393:October 29, 2005.
1386:October 28, 2000.
1382:Los Angeles Times
1376:October 11, 2003.
1350:October 29, 1979.
1317:October 31, 1991.
1310:October 28, 1994.
1308:The Plain Dealer.
1303:October 20, 2002.
1296:October 23, 2007.
1294:The Morning Call.
1287:The Morning Call.
1272:October 30, 1960.
1256:October 26, 1989.
1232:October 28, 2007.
1225:October 19, 1996.
1218:October 27, 1995.
1211:November 5, 1996.
1201:October 22, 2005.
1194:October 26, 2008.
1187:October 15, 1989.
1175:October 25, 1984.
1173:The Morning Call.
1143:The Village Voice
1128:October 26, 1988.
1099:October 25, 1987.
1089:October 26, 1988.
1085:Daily News Record
1062:October 31, 2002.
1030:October 29, 2005.
1017:October 31, 1991.
878:October 26, 1988.
861:October 26, 1988.
859:The Morning Call,
810:October 25, 1987.
797:October 25, 1984.
795:The Morning Call,
770:October 15, 1989.
747:October 26, 1989.
695:October 23, 2007.
693:The Morning Call,
679:October 30, 1960.
666:October 20, 2002.
601:June 1938, p. 47"
564:The Village Voice
514:October 28, 1994.
512:The Plain Dealer,
329:potassium cyanide
321:seven people died
303:George H. W. Bush
142:Corporate history
110:
109:
2070:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1847:
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1702:Pumpkin festival
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1424:
1417:
1410:
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1331:January 8, 1991.
1242:October 4, 1983.
1192:Virginian-Pilot.
1124:The Morning Call
1118:October 1, 2007.
1047:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1000:
999:January 8, 1991.
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808:Chicago Tribune,
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784:October 4, 1983.
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653:October 1, 2007.
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606:. Archived from
605:
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567:
558:
552:
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515:
508:
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499:The Morning Call
495:
183:Great Depression
176:Ziegfeld Follies
113:Ben Cooper, Inc.
29:
22:
20:Ben Cooper, Inc.
18:
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1988:
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1895:All Saints' Day
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1644:Monster cereals
1564:
1558:
1527:Jack-o'-lantern
1485:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1397:
1365:Wayback Machine
1095:Chicago Tribune
1069:March 14, 1988.
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819:Heiler, Brian.
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768:New York Times,
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751:
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724:Wayback Machine
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254:John F. Kennedy
156:Lower East Side
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55:Ben Cooper, Sr.
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1940:Mischief Night
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365:Action Figures
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1139:"Ghoul Gear."
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75:(1937-1991);
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42:
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36:
32:
28:
23:
1955:Punkie Night
1883:Other events
1825:Totensonntag
1815:Pitru Paksha
1795:Bon Festival
1761:
1649:PĂŁo por Deus
1624:Caramel corn
1396:
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615:. Retrieved
608:the original
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474:
458:
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407:
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362:Super Heroes
353:, for which
348:
338:
318:
311:
292:
282:it licensed
280:
272:
222:J. C. Penney
211:
180:
153:
112:
111:
68:Headquarters
34:Company type
1659:Pumpkin pie
1604:Candy apple
1579:Apple cider
1532:Stingy Jack
1517:Ghost tours
1441:Main topics
1356:Playthings.
848:Heiler, 32.
599:Playthings,
230:Woolworth's
203:Donald Duck
168:Cotton Club
123:corporation
86:Area served
79:(1991-1992)
1992:Categories
1925:Hop-tu-Naa
1752:Television
1695:Hell house
1609:Candy corn
1490:Traditions
1471:Activities
1358:June 1938.
617:2010-09-21
418:per curiam
369:Spider-Man
284:Spider-Man
207:Snow White
164:songwriter
1998:Halloween
1890:Allantide
1810:Gai Jatra
1669:Soul cake
1634:Doughnuts
1584:Barmbrack
1476:Geography
1432:Halloween
1263:Salon.com
483:Footnotes
467:in 1992.
438:DC Comics
381:Red Skull
373:The Thing
274:Star Wars
271:from the
1960:Saci Day
1945:Namahage
1935:Korochun
1664:Rutabaga
1639:Feetloaf
1502:Costumes
1361:Archived
1338:Archived
720:Archived
542:Archived
341:rack toy
242:Superman
201:such as
191:New York
187:Brooklyn
120:American
97:Products
1865:Kaddish
1800:Chuseok
1775:Related
1685:Bonfire
1654:Pumpkin
1629:Cookies
1466:Symbols
1454:Samhain
1449:History
1158:, 2004.
416:. In a
399:Georgia
325:Tylenol
308:R-rated
250:glitter
195:license
136:Halston
60:Defunct
52:Founder
44:Founded
1976:
1915:Dziady
1870:Yizkor
1777:events
1740:albums
1678:Events
1346:People
827:
549:People
442:Mattel
359:Marvel
288:Batman
244:, and
232:, and
172:Harlem
115:was a
1930:Kekri
1745:songs
1735:Music
1730:Films
1725:Books
1718:Media
1599:Candy
1574:Apple
1512:Cards
1046:2002.
611:(PDF)
604:(PDF)
313:Alien
277:films
269:C-3PO
246:Zorro
226:Sears
1594:Cake
1565:Food
825:ISBN
408:The
350:Jaws
335:Toys
256:and
205:and
131:U.S.
105:Toys
63:1992
47:1937
436:),
170:in
158:of
1994::
1004:^
982:^
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440:,
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316:.
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1126:.
1116:.
1097:.
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620:.
134:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
