6552:
191:
224:
55:
5290:
3194:
3206:
6564:
5279:
601:. Azzo was prepared to renounce Louis of Bavaria, but he refused to accept papal rule over Piacenza, Lodi, and Crema, which were Lombard cities. He would never be forgiven for this rejection, and he died while excommunicated. Nevertheless, Luchino Visconti was appointed by Benedict as Azzo's papal vicar for Milan and ruler of Piacenza and Crema after Azzo's death in 1339.
505:
implored Louis to find a settlement. An agreement was never reached. In response, at Rhens on 16 July 1338, the
Estates passed a new declaration giving the Emperor authority over all rights and goods within the Empire without the need of papal approval and that all decrees against Louis by John XXII were "an offense against God" and illegal.
575:
On 15 January 1336 Benedict requested Philip VI's assistance in bringing about peace in the western
Mediterranean, where the crusade was being hampered by conflicts between Aragon and Genoa, Naples and Sicily. This was followed by the pope's letter, two months later, canceling the crusade, citing the
596:
In 1339, Benedict moved the papal archives from Assisi to
Avignon. Unlike his predecessor, he refrained from papal intervention in Italy, issuing a large list of absolutes for Ghibelline cities, including Milan, giving release from interdict and excommunication in exchange for peace. In an effort to
525:, St. Paul basilicas, and the papal palace in Rome. The cost ran into several thousand florins. Valerie Theis, states the construction in Rome may have been a way of Benedict disguising his true intention of settling permanently in Avignon. Consequently, in 1335, he ordered the construction of the
479:
From the beginning of his pontificate, Benedict worked to reform the Curia and secular clergy in an effort to curb clerical avarice and nepotism as well as abuses in the granting of benefices. However, the religious orders were the primary target of his major reform efforts. By 1335–1336, Benedict
504:
had caused havoc; the rebellion of the archbishop of Mainz (1329–1332), disagreements between the
Hospitallers, the Teutonic knights and the Francicans, while the secular clergy largely defied it. Benedict again received ambassadors from Louis, after German bishops and the Estates of the Empire
470:
to return the papacy to Rome. Comminges refused to make any promises in order to get elected. The
Conclave therefore proposed Jacques Fournier's name, almost as a dare. Owing to his inexperience in politics, it was believed he would not get the votes. Upon Jacques' election the conclave was
508:
Despite this, Benedict sent his chaplain, Arnaud de
Verdale, to entreat with Louis and was assured by the emperor and prince electors of a forthcoming embassy. No ambassadors ever arrived from Louis and Benedict's attempt to restore the
492:
seeking a pardon and an end to the conflict. Benedict, who was entreated by Louis' ambassadors why the emperor should be pardoned, had declared his intentions in favor of Louis. By the end of 1335, however, political maneuvering by both
1413:
Sommer, Michael (2021). "Between Jewish and
Egyptian Thinking: The Apocalypse of Sophonias as a Bridge between Two Worlds?". In Konradt, Matthias; Lieu, Judith; Nasrallah, Laura; Schröter, Jens; Sterling, Gregory E. (eds.).
438:, which garnered him the nickname the "white cardinal". He often advised Pope John XXII on doctrinal matters, which included the heretical nature of magic. Jacques was tasked by the pope with examining the works of
587:
would most likely win, regardless. In 1340, Benedict's marshal kidnapped
English envoys and handed them over to the French. Using papal sanctions, Benedict secured their release and had the marshal hanged.
559:, in 1336. This dogma defined the Church's belief that the souls of the departed go to their eternal reward immediately after death, as opposed to remaining in a state of unconscious existence until the
466:, and it appeared that there might be a quick election. A two-thirds majority were prepared to elect Cardinal Jean-Raymond de Comminges, the Bishop of Porto, if he would only swear in advance to agree
382:, Jacques also investigated the supposed leper water-poisoning conspiracy and tortured the director of the Pamiers leprosarium, Guillaume Agasse, into giving a confession to the charges.
3966:
3803:
6340:
654:
While John was a proponent of the controversial position during his lifetime, he never promulgated it in any official documents and renounced it prior to his death in 1334.
6229:
3558:
5326:
4973:
583:. From the start of his papacy, relations between him and Philip were frigid. After being informed of Philip's plan to invade Scotland, Benedict hinted that King
6536:
6531:
3588:
4893:
327:
to resolve their differences, Benedict failed to bring the Holy Roman Empire back under papal dominance. He died 25 April 1342 and was buried in
Avignon.
3991:
5880:
5360:
3142:
6255:
4458:
6330:
3244:
4779:
471:
astonished, while
Jacques stated, "You have elected an ignoramus". Jacques Fournier took the name of Benedict XII as the pope on 8 January 1335.
5640:
5367:
5171:
4958:
3961:
3298:
5319:
3841:
5913:
5406:
4510:
4253:
3791:
3011:
6599:
521:
Benedict planned on moving the papacy to Bologna by 1 October 1335. He even hired, in August 1335, Jean Poisson to supervise repairs to
6295:
5594:
5166:
4195:
4098:
576:
belief that Christendom was too crippled by domestic quarrels. On 18 December, Benedict cancelled the six-year tenth crusading tithe.
5131:
4993:
3911:
6048:
3506:
5312:
5078:
4172:
3005:
1052:
5742:
5684:
3406:
3401:
5110:
5058:
3690:
3070:
1432:
Theis, Valerie (2018). "A New Seat for the Papacy: Benedict XII, Avignon, and the Comtat Venaissin". In Bueno, Irene (ed.).
190:
5552:
5448:
5048:
4784:
3302:
3237:
6609:
6604:
6414:
6312:
6199:
5088:
4918:
3826:
3573:
3172:
6452:
5754:
5505:
4747:
4244:
3853:
3578:
3148:
698:
Translating Resurrection: The Debate Between William Tyndale and George Joye in Its Historical and Theological Context
5584:
4730:
4332:
3979:
3813:
3264:
1485:
635:
363:
6355:
5835:
5725:
5244:
4792:
4545:
4490:
4355:
4090:
4086:
3831:
3616:
3563:
1404:
Sherman, Elizabeth (2018). "Jacques Fournier and Thirteenth-Century Inquisitorial Methods". In Bueno, Irene (ed.).
5850:
5774:
5394:
5372:
5253:
4595:
4570:
4535:
4530:
4495:
4375:
3974:
3858:
3448:
3411:
3294:
3274:
3230:
1523:
423:
In 1326, upon the successful rooting out of the last – it was believed – Cathars of the south, Jacques was made
303:. Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna, Benedict started the great palace at Avignon. He settled the
6089:
5708:
5355:
5347:
5335:
5191:
4903:
4590:
4560:
4540:
4480:
4270:
3986:
3524:
3516:
3428:
3289:
3269:
1577:
554:
379:
198:
6384:
5963:
5938:
5547:
4565:
4555:
3881:
3752:
3650:
3347:
6619:
6424:
5943:
5933:
5389:
5146:
5117:
5100:
5008:
4620:
4585:
4575:
4153:
4134:
3996:
3747:
3660:
3166:
489:
304:
17:
6649:
6624:
6389:
5759:
5532:
5156:
3906:
3774:
3643:
2995:
6398:
5423:
5073:
4871:
4525:
4177:
4143:
4102:
1572:
1254:
Dale, Sharon (2007). "Contra damnationis filios: the Visconti in fourteenth-century papal diplomacy".
6629:
6457:
6159:
5470:
5263:
5209:
4880:
4830:
4520:
4475:
3583:
1552:
1227:
Bueno, Irene (2018). "Introduction: Benedict XII, the Guardian of Orthodoxy". In Bueno, Irene (ed.).
231:
344:
6290:
5865:
5382:
5293:
5229:
5151:
5122:
4742:
4737:
4615:
4515:
4500:
4485:
4327:
4148:
4038:
3956:
3780:
3757:
3708:
3381:
619:
6639:
5908:
5764:
5491:
5214:
4846:
4807:
4774:
4220:
4200:
4068:
3946:
3896:
3675:
3476:
3416:
1557:
522:
410:
6379:
6265:
5978:
5283:
5224:
5219:
4853:
4659:
4580:
4505:
4385:
4063:
3951:
3891:
3568:
3456:
3210:
550:
428:
390:
375:
6634:
6275:
6260:
5973:
5830:
5737:
5537:
5520:
5433:
5377:
4988:
4815:
4240:
4021:
3886:
3732:
3438:
3376:
3335:
3320:
2986:
1379:
Certain Sainthood: Canonization and the Origins of Papal Infallibility in the Medieval Church
584:
564:
6325:
6614:
6594:
6589:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6434:
6361:
6204:
6164:
5983:
5885:
5860:
5799:
5604:
5579:
5515:
4392:
4361:
4258:
4139:
4053:
3933:
3836:
3553:
3548:
3471:
3421:
3352:
3330:
549:. He rejected many of the ideas developed by John XXII. In this regard, he promulgated an
8:
6556:
6280:
6270:
6219:
6077:
6063:
5923:
5665:
5428:
5181:
5083:
4876:
4860:
4380:
4290:
3741:
3685:
3633:
3534:
3496:
2851:
2234:
1516:
1238:
The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century after Saint Francis
609:
Benedict died 25 April 1342, and was buried in Notre-Dame-des-Doms cathedral in Avignon.
580:
494:
463:
348:
6568:
6345:
6114:
6038:
6006:
5825:
5794:
5631:
5619:
5480:
5418:
5201:
5018:
3876:
3868:
3611:
3312:
3279:
3130:
3124:
3019:
2871:
2866:
2831:
2700:
2680:
2600:
2499:
2474:
2464:
2364:
2349:
1873:
1601:
1594:
1416:
Dreams, Visions, Imaginations: Jewish, Christian and Gnostic Views of the World to Come
1271:
673:
597:
secure the acceptance of papal temporal sovereignty in Italy, Benedict negotiated with
424:
6134:
1060:
125:
6514:
6419:
6194:
6180:
6154:
6139:
6043:
6028:
5958:
5948:
5817:
5749:
5650:
5614:
5510:
5161:
4397:
3722:
3602:
3369:
3325:
3205:
3038:
2971:
2966:
2886:
2881:
2856:
2790:
2765:
2745:
2705:
2655:
2575:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2504:
2489:
2449:
2434:
2404:
2329:
2309:
2269:
2154:
2008:
1953:
1807:
1275:
510:
501:
451:
447:
394:
223:
6404:
6209:
6189:
6109:
6094:
5993:
5895:
5769:
5609:
5567:
5562:
5542:
5525:
5438:
5023:
4797:
4759:
4717:
4645:
4640:
4607:
4414:
4347:
4310:
4305:
4285:
4280:
4205:
4058:
4048:
4008:
3539:
3357:
3340:
3025:
2961:
2936:
2916:
2891:
2876:
2846:
2785:
2780:
2730:
2660:
2650:
2630:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2535:
2494:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2409:
2399:
2359:
2304:
2279:
2254:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2194:
2093:
2073:
2063:
2028:
1963:
1958:
1938:
1898:
1838:
1777:
1762:
1757:
1692:
1677:
1652:
1642:
1267:
1263:
526:
439:
356:
324:
4263:
1312:
Schools of Asceticism: Ideology and Organization in Medieval Religious Communities
579:
Though born a Frenchman, Benedict felt no patriotism towards France nor its king,
6462:
6429:
6373:
6367:
6224:
6129:
6033:
5845:
5339:
5304:
5258:
5141:
4998:
4963:
4769:
4764:
4689:
4684:
4625:
4550:
4300:
4230:
3762:
3703:
3253:
3064:
3031:
2951:
2861:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2740:
2675:
2640:
2625:
2560:
2550:
2525:
2479:
2459:
2424:
2414:
2394:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2344:
2339:
2289:
2274:
2199:
2179:
2159:
2144:
2139:
2119:
2083:
2068:
1988:
1973:
1968:
1933:
1923:
1908:
1868:
1858:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1687:
1632:
1536:
1470:
1444:
598:
534:
480:
had enacted changes that are viewed as one of the milestones of his pontificate.
443:
402:
316:
292:
280:
71:
1370:
England and the Avignon Popes: The Practice of Diplomacy in Late Medieval Europe
6644:
6525:
6350:
6144:
6119:
6083:
6023:
6016:
6011:
6001:
5855:
5840:
5779:
5655:
5645:
5401:
5176:
5105:
4953:
4888:
4674:
4664:
4650:
4635:
4315:
4210:
4094:
4073:
3607:
3486:
3461:
3433:
3364:
3198:
3154:
3136:
3105:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3079:
2911:
2841:
2775:
2725:
2715:
2695:
2670:
2615:
2610:
2580:
2555:
2484:
2469:
2454:
2389:
2334:
2324:
2299:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2058:
2043:
1978:
1943:
1913:
1883:
1878:
1863:
1797:
1772:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1637:
1627:
1509:
1501:
1453:
336:
308:
272:
138:
46:
5718:
1347:
6583:
6409:
6335:
6301:
6285:
6245:
5928:
5903:
5679:
5589:
5574:
5496:
5068:
5028:
4913:
4835:
4820:
4669:
4630:
4436:
4320:
4117:
3786:
3501:
2946:
2926:
2901:
2770:
2735:
2710:
2665:
2645:
2570:
2565:
2545:
2419:
2354:
2314:
2294:
2284:
2189:
2098:
2053:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1948:
1928:
1918:
1893:
1853:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1767:
1722:
1682:
1667:
1647:
1589:
1547:
1294:
Mainz and the Middle Rhine Valley: Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology
560:
406:
320:
54:
34:
6519:
6394:
6250:
6214:
5953:
5875:
5719:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5443:
5043:
4978:
4908:
4898:
4825:
4725:
4694:
4470:
4419:
4187:
4129:
4026:
3797:
3714:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3466:
3393:
3160:
2976:
2956:
2941:
2921:
2906:
2896:
2755:
2750:
2690:
2685:
2635:
2319:
2264:
2259:
2214:
2204:
2103:
2078:
2048:
1983:
1903:
1828:
1742:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1657:
414:
296:
236:
60:
359:
and quickly became known for his intelligence and organizational ability.
6320:
6149:
6124:
6099:
6072:
6059:
5968:
5870:
5557:
5239:
5095:
4968:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4923:
4225:
4160:
4016:
3941:
3919:
3767:
3529:
3491:
2931:
2811:
2806:
2760:
2384:
2249:
2244:
2149:
2088:
2033:
2023:
2018:
1888:
1712:
1662:
1617:
434:
Upon his elevation to cardinal, Jacques continued to wear his Cistercian
371:
340:
6104:
5689:
4933:
4928:
4752:
4679:
4295:
4215:
3846:
3045:
2720:
2239:
2224:
2038:
2013:
1848:
1752:
1672:
1622:
1564:
386:
107:
621:
Formulare advocatorum et procuratorum Romane curie et regii parlamenti
5038:
5033:
5003:
4699:
4462:
4446:
4431:
4275:
4165:
4043:
4033:
3901:
3680:
1782:
97:
1213:. Translated by Fagan, Teresa Lavender. University of Chicago Press.
295:
from 30 December 1334 to his death, in April 1342. He was the third
6563:
5918:
5672:
5660:
5278:
5186:
5013:
4112:
3481:
1584:
1397:
Avignon and Its Papacy, 1309–1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society
1321:
Humanism and Empire: The Imperial Ideal in Fourteenth-Century Italy
546:
300:
160:
3222:
1202:
The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages
6175:
5789:
5411:
4983:
3821:
3695:
3638:
530:
497:
and Louis IV, had pressured Benedict into delaying negotiations.
367:
178:
6341:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5784:
5694:
5599:
5136:
4441:
4426:
4370:
4337:
1211:
Satan the Heretic: The Birth of Demonology in the Medieval West
378:, who was burned at the stake in 1321. Motivated by Philip V's
1098:
1096:
1094:
488:
Following Benedict's election, ambassadors were received from
5234:
4402:
4366:
663:
Louis IV entered into an alliance with Edward III of England.
352:
4407:
4126:
1532:
1460:
1091:
435:
398:
864:
374:
in some investigations. Fournier's investigation captured
315:, which stated that souls may attain the "fullness of the
6230:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1113:
1111:
427:
in the Ariège, and, a year later, in 1327, he was made a
1434:
Pope Benedict XII (1334-1342): The Guardian of Orthodoxy
1406:
Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342): The Guardian of Orthodoxy
1229:
Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342): The Guardian of Orthodoxy
1081:
1079:
1077:
1006:
984:
982:
926:
924:
922:
545:
Benedict spent most of his time working on questions of
1023:
1021:
885:
883:
881:
879:
741:
739:
737:
709:
707:
1247:
Keepers Of The Keys Of Heaven: A History Of The Papacy
1178:
1166:
1123:
1108:
907:
842:
840:
838:
624:(in Latin). Venezia: Ottaviano Scoto il giovane. 1536.
6261:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1074:
1033:
979:
967:
945:
943:
941:
939:
919:
823:
811:
763:
751:
724:
722:
366:. It was here he undertook rigorous measures against
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1018:
994:
955:
876:
852:
787:
734:
704:
291:, was a cardinal and inquisitor, later head of the
1135:
895:
835:
799:
563:. Though some claim that he campaigned against the
5334:
1390:. Translated by Bethell, Denis. Faber & Faber.
936:
775:
719:
1388:The Avignon Papacy: The Popes in Exile, 1305-1403
1147:
6581:
6331:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1531:
1303:The Avignon Papacy and the Crusades, 1305-1378
5320:
3238:
1517:
1408:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 27–56.
1231:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 13–26.
335:Jacques Fournier was born in Saverdun in the
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1334 to 1342
1394:
870:
6346:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
6296:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
5327:
5313:
5167:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
3245:
3231:
1524:
1510:
1314:. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
189:
53:
299:and reformed monastic orders and opposed
1422:
1385:
1345:
1172:
1129:
1102:
858:
757:
540:
323:. Despite many diplomatic attempts with
1403:
1354:. Vol. 2. Robert Appleton Company.
1327:
1309:
1300:
1244:
1208:
1184:
1117:
1085:
817:
769:
745:
591:
14:
6582:
3626:
1412:
1376:
1367:
1336:
1282:
1199:
1059:. Papalencyclicals.net. Archived from
1039:
988:
973:
930:
829:
805:
793:
713:
695:
570:
513:to papal supervision came to nothing.
5308:
3226:
1505:
1431:
1291:
1226:
1217:
1027:
1012:
1000:
961:
901:
889:
846:
1358:
1253:
1235:
1160:
1141:
781:
728:
6200:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
3252:
1318:
1240:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
949:
913:
483:
464:Conclave opened on 13 December 1334
385:His efforts against the Cathars of
24:
5755:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
405:. His transcription was edited by
25:
6661:
1465:30 December 1334 – 25 April 1342
1262:(1). Taylor & Francis: 1–32.
636:Cardinals created by Benedict XII
6562:
6550:
5881:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5836:Second Council of Constantinople
5289:
5288:
5277:
5245:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4793:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3204:
3193:
3192:
222:
6600:People from Ariège (department)
5851:Third Council of Constantinople
5775:First Council of Constantinople
3412:First seven ecumenical councils
1427:. Vol. 1. Faber and Faber.
1418:. De Gruyter. pp. 319–342.
1346:Peterson, John Bertram (1907).
1339:The Popes at Avignon, 1305-1378
1193:
1045:
666:
657:
393:were carefully recorded in the
6090:Dissolution of the monasteries
5356:History of the Catholic Church
3987:Separation of church and state
1268:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2007.01.001
689:
648:
287:; 1285 – 25 April 1342), born
13:
1:
5964:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5939:Second Council of the Lateran
5548:Apostles in the New Testament
1436:. Amsterdam University Press.
1395:Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2015).
683:
330:
6078:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5944:Third Council of the Lateran
5934:First Council of the Lateran
5390:Catholic ecumenical councils
1328:McBrien, Richard P. (2000).
500:The interdict placed on the
419:Montaillou, village occitan.
7:
1423:Sumption, Jonathan (1990).
1399:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1381:. Cornell University Press.
1256:Journal of Medieval History
629:
533:, which was finished under
457:
409:and has been documented by
339:around 1285. He joined the
305:beatific vision controversy
199:Other popes named Benedict
10:
6666:
6610:14th-century French clergy
6605:13th-century French clergy
5424:History of the Roman Curia
5284:Catholic Church portal
1377:Prudlo, Donald S. (2015).
1363:. Oxford University Press.
1337:Mollat, Guillaume (1965).
1323:. Oxford University Press.
1287:. Oxford University Press.
567:, this is far from clear.
516:
362:In 1317, Jacques was made
6545:
6445:
6311:
6238:
6173:
6160:European wars of religion
6057:
5992:
5894:
5816:
5707:
5630:
5490:
5479:
5471:Eastern Catholic Churches
5346:
5272:
5210:Aid to the Church in Need
5200:
5057:
4870:
4831:Vatican Television Center
4806:
4716:
4606:
4476:Eastern Catholic Churches
4457:
4346:
4239:
4186:
4111:
4082:
4007:
3932:
3867:
3812:
3731:
3601:
3515:
3447:
3392:
3311:
3288:
3260:
3188:
3115:
3055:
2994:
2985:
2799:
2513:
2112:
1816:
1610:
1543:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1359:Pham, John-Peter (2004).
1352:The Catholic Encyclopedia
474:
258:
250:
242:
230:
221:
208:
197:
185:
168:
149:
144:
131:
118:
113:
103:
93:
85:
77:
67:
52:
45:
32:
6291:Mary of the Divine Heart
5914:Clash against the empire
5866:Second Council of Nicaea
5760:Old St. Peter's Basilica
5152:Communion and Liberation
4616:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3781:Mystici Corporis Christi
3709:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1368:Pluger, Karsten (2003).
1301:Housley, Norman (1986).
1200:Barber, Malcolm (2014).
696:Juhász, Gergely (2015).
641:
612:
604:
6557:Vatican City portal
5909:Investiture Controversy
5765:First Council of Nicaea
3967:Philosophy of canon law
3897:Mariology of the saints
3477:Investiture Controversy
3006:During the Roman Empire
1386:Renouard, Yves (1970).
1319:Lee, Alexander (2018).
1283:Davies, Norman (1996).
1245:Collins, Roger (2009).
1209:Boureau, Alain (2006).
411:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
6569:Catholicism portal
6380:Second Vatican Council
6266:Our Lady of La Salette
6073:Protestant Reformation
6060:Protestant Reformation
5979:Second Council of Lyon
5368:Ecclesiastical history
5220:Catholic Charities USA
4854:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4842:Vatican Polyglot Press
3892:Mariology of the popes
3530:Protestant Reformation
3211:Catholic Church Portal
3071:Conflicts with the HRE
1445:Catholic Church titles
1361:Heirs of the Fisherman
1310:Kaelber, Lutz (1998).
676:and Alessio Monciatti.
551:apostolic constitution
351:. In 1311 he was made
345:Collège des Bernardins
284:
276:
6276:First Vatican Council
5974:First Council of Lyon
5738:Constantine the Great
5434:Christian monasticism
4974:Good Shepherd Sisters
4816:Holy See Press Office
4054:Doctors of the Church
3887:Immaculate Conception
3842:Anointing of the Sick
3377:History of the papacy
2987:History of the papacy
1218:Bueno, Irene (2016).
585:Edward III of England
565:Immaculate Conception
541:Theological discourse
401:and deposited in the
6453:Sexual abuse scandal
6362:Mit brennender Sorge
6205:Age of Enlightenment
5984:Bernard of Clairvaux
5861:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5800:Council of Chalcedon
5580:Council of Jerusalem
5449:Role in civilization
5429:Religious institutes
5361:By country or region
4847:L'Osservatore Romano
4785:Role in civilisation
4511:Croatian and Serbian
4259:Episcopal conference
4221:St. Peter's Basilica
3579:Sexual abuse scandal
3535:Catholic Reformation
3149:Revolutionary Papacy
3143:Age of Enlightenment
1480:Pilfort de Rabastens
1341:. Harper & Rowe.
1236:Burr, David (2001).
592:Italian intervention
380:edict against lepers
181:, County of Provence
6620:Bishops of Mirepoix
6281:Papal infallibility
6271:Our Lady of Lourdes
6220:Shimabara Rebellion
6064:Counter-Reformation
5182:Neocatechumenal Way
5147:Charismatic Renewal
4861:Annuario Pontificio
4459:Particular churches
4135:Ecumenical councils
3907:Perpetual virginity
3742:Communitas perfecta
3686:Sermon on the Mount
2996:Antiquity and Early
2800:17th–21st centuries
2514:13th–16th centuries
1348:"Pope Benedict XII"
1292:Engel, Ute (2008).
571:Philip VI of France
495:Philip VI of France
397:, which he took to
376:Guillaume Bélibaste
349:University of Paris
343:and studied at the
163:, Kingdom of France
6650:14th-century popes
6625:Bishops of Pamiers
6326:Our Lady of Fátima
6115:Ignatius of Loyola
6039:Catherine of Siena
6007:Pope Boniface VIII
5826:Benedict of Nursia
5795:Council of Ephesus
5632:Ante-Nicene period
5585:Split with Judaism
5419:Crusading movement
5019:Premonstratensians
3402:Ante-Nicene period
3280:Lists of Catholics
3131:Reformation Papacy
3125:Renaissance Papacy
3067:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3020:Ostrogothic Papacy
2113:9th–12th centuries
1330:Lives of the Popes
1305:. Clarendon Press.
1105:, p. 152-153.
1015:, p. 111-112.
916:, p. 259-260.
674:Enrico Castelnuovo
425:Bishop of Mirepoix
6577:
6576:
6537:COVID-19 pandemic
6515:Pope Benedict XVI
6420:Pope John Paul II
6195:Pope Benedict XIV
6181:French Revolution
6165:Thirty Years' War
6155:Robert Bellarmine
6140:John of the Cross
6044:Pope Alexander VI
6029:Council of Vienne
5959:Francis of Assisi
5949:Pope Innocent III
5818:Early Middle Ages
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5750:Arian controversy
5703:
5702:
5651:Apostolic Fathers
5302:
5301:
4712:
4711:
4105:
3928:
3927:
3620:
3597:
3596:
3589:COVID-19 pandemic
3559:French Revolution
3549:Thirty Years' War
3457:Islamic conquests
3370:Apostolic fathers
3305:
3220:
3219:
3184:
3183:
3076:Wandering Papacy
3039:Saeculum obscurum
3012:Under Constantine
1817:5th–8th centuries
1611:1st–4th centuries
1595:papal resignation
1500:
1499:
1495:Dominique Grenier
1493:Succeeded by
1486:Bishop of Pamiers
1468:Succeeded by
1285:Europe: A History
871:Rollo-Koster 2015
511:Holy Roman Empire
502:Holy Roman Empire
452:Michael of Cesena
448:William of Ockham
395:Fournier Register
364:Bishop of Pamiers
269:Pope Benedict XII
266:
265:
215:Pope Benedict XII
204:
203:
176:(aged 56–57)
16:(Redirected from
6657:
6630:Cistercian popes
6567:
6566:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6532:Patriarch Kirill
6405:Pope John Paul I
6210:Anti-clericalism
6190:Pope Innocent XI
6110:Society of Jesus
6095:Council of Trent
6049:Age of Discovery
5994:Late Middle Ages
5896:High Middle Ages
5886:East–West Schism
5770:Pope Sylvester I
5716:
5715:
5705:
5704:
5615:General epistles
5610:Pauline epistles
5543:John the Baptist
5526:Great Commission
5488:
5487:
5439:Catholic culture
5329:
5322:
5315:
5306:
5305:
5292:
5291:
5282:
5281:
5024:Redemptoristines
4872:Religious orders
4798:Anti-Catholicism
4748:Church buildings
4608:Catholic liturgy
4348:Consecrated life
4206:Apostolic Palace
4173:Synod of Bishops
4109:
4108:
4085:
3691:Ten Commandments
3624:
3623:
3606:
3507:Age of Discovery
3341:Great Commission
3309:
3308:
3293:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3116:Early Modern and
3026:Byzantine Papacy
2992:
2991:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1478:Preceded by
1451:Preceded by
1441:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1342:
1333:
1332:. HarperCollins.
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1089:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
934:
928:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
732:
726:
717:
711:
702:
701:
693:
677:
670:
664:
661:
655:
652:
625:
527:Palais des Papes
490:Emperor Louis IV
484:Emperor Louis IV
440:Peter John Olivi
357:Fontfroide Abbey
341:Cistercian Order
325:Emperor Louis IV
289:Jacques Fournier
259:Posthumous style
226:
216:
211:
206:
205:
193:
175:
145:Personal details
135:18 December 1327
132:Created cardinal
81:30 December 1334
57:
30:
29:
21:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6561:
6551:
6549:
6541:
6463:World Youth Day
6441:
6430:World Youth Day
6374:Pacem in terris
6368:Pope John XXIII
6307:
6234:
6225:Edict of Nantes
6183:
6179:
6169:
6135:Teresa of Ávila
6130:Tridentine Mass
6066:
6062:
6053:
6034:Knights Templar
5988:
5890:
5846:Gregorian chant
5804:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5711:
5699:
5626:
5495:
5483:
5475:
5342:
5340:Catholic Church
5333:
5303:
5298:
5276:
5268:
5247:
5230:Relief Services
5196:
5142:Catholic Action
5132:Military orders
5069:Confraternities
5061:of the faithful
5060:
5053:
4875:
4866:
4802:
4708:
4602:
4461:
4453:
4386:Prior, Prioress
4342:
4235:
4231:Vatican Museums
4182:
4115:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4003:
3957:Social teaching
3924:
3863:
3808:
3763:One true church
3727:
3704:Sixtine Vulgate
3700:Official Bible
3614:
3610:
3605:
3593:
3511:
3443:
3388:
3358:Petrine primacy
3301:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3256:
3254:Catholic Church
3251:
3221:
3216:
3180:
3163:(1929–present)
3117:
3111:
3065:Tusculan Papacy
3057:
3051:
3032:Frankish Papacy
2997:
2981:
2795:
2509:
2108:
1812:
1606:
1539:
1537:Catholic Church
1530:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1464:
1456:
1425:Trial by Battle
1220:Defining Heresy
1196:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1092:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1055:Benedictus Deus
1051:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
980:
972:
968:
960:
956:
948:
937:
929:
920:
912:
908:
900:
896:
888:
877:
869:
865:
857:
853:
845:
836:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
744:
735:
727:
720:
712:
705:
694:
690:
686:
681:
680:
671:
667:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
632:
618:
615:
607:
599:Azzone Visconti
594:
573:
556:Benedictus Deus
543:
535:Pope Clement VI
519:
486:
477:
460:
444:Meister Eckhart
403:Vatican Library
333:
317:beatific vision
313:Benedictus Deus
293:Catholic Church
251:Religious style
232:Reference style
214:
212:
210:Papal styles of
209:
177:
173:
164:
158:
156:
155:
154:Jacques Fornier
136:
126:Niccolò Alberti
123:
72:Catholic Church
63:
41:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6663:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6640:Avignon Papacy
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6559:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6351:Lateran Treaty
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6176:Baroque period
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6145:Peter Canisius
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6120:Francis Xavier
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6084:Exsurge Domine
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6024:Pope Clement V
6021:
6020:
6019:
6017:Avignon Papacy
6012:Western Schism
6009:
6004:
6002:Thomas Aquinas
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5856:Saint Boniface
5853:
5848:
5843:
5841:Pope Gregory I
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5780:Biblical canon
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5734:
5732:
5713:
5709:Late antiquity
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5656:Pope Clement I
5646:Church Fathers
5643:
5637:
5635:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5407:Biblical canon
5402:Catholic Bible
5399:
5398:
5397:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5352:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5332:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5286:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5248:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5177:Legion of Mary
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5106:Lay Carmelites
5103:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5065:
5063:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4954:Conceptionists
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4889:Assumptionists
4885:
4883:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4591:Syro-Malankara
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4541:Italo-Albanian
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4359:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Lateran Treaty
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4137:
4132:
4123:
4121:
4106:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Moral theology
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3630:
3628:
3621:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Pope Gregory I
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:Biblical canon
3431:
3429:Late antiquity
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3365:Church fathers
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3299:Ecclesiastical
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3202:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3158:
3155:Roman Question
3152:
3146:
3145:(c. 1640–1740)
3140:
3137:Baroque Papacy
3134:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3106:Western Schism
3103:
3100:Avignon Papacy
3097:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3046:Crescentii era
3043:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3002:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Alexander VIII
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Anastasius III
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1251:
1249:. Basic Books.
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1187:, p. 240.
1177:
1165:
1146:
1144:, p. 5-6.
1134:
1122:
1120:, p. 288.
1107:
1090:
1073:
1044:
1042:, p. 198.
1032:
1030:, p. 112.
1017:
1005:
1003:, p. 111.
993:
991:, p. 224.
978:
976:, p. 223.
966:
964:, p. 114.
954:
952:, p. 260.
935:
933:, p. 221.
918:
906:
894:
892:, p. 247.
875:
863:
851:
834:
832:, p. 411.
822:
810:
798:
796:, p. 154.
786:
784:, p. 215.
774:
772:, p. 219.
762:
750:
733:
731:, p. 184.
718:
716:, p. 326.
703:
687:
685:
682:
679:
678:
665:
656:
646:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
628:
627:
626:
614:
611:
606:
603:
593:
590:
572:
569:
542:
539:
518:
515:
485:
482:
476:
473:
459:
456:
413:'s pioneering
337:County of Foix
332:
329:
311:with the bull
309:Pope John XXII
277:Benedictus XII
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
183:
182:
170:
166:
165:
159:
153:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
133:
129:
128:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
58:
50:
49:
47:Bishop of Rome
43:
42:
39:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6662:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6548:
6547:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6410:Mother Teresa
6408:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Pope Pius XII
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6303:
6302:Rerum novarum
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6286:Pope Leo XIII
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6256:United States
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6246:Pope Pius VII
6244:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5929:Scholasticism
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:Pope Urban II
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5680:Justin Martyr
5678:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5590:New Testament
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5553:Commissioning
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:Apostolic Age
5493:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5383:Papal primacy
5381:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5323:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5295:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5225:Home Missions
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:Saint Francis
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:Saint Dominic
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Bethlehemites
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4836:Vatican Radio
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4821:Vatican Media
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:List of popes
4114:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Mother of God
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:People of God
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:Infallibility
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Body and soul
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Enlightenment
3552:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:Protestantism
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Scholasticism
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Schism (1378)
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Schism (1054)
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:High and Late
3054:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Benedict XIII
2870:
2868:
2867:Innocent XIII
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:Alexander VII
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Innocent VIII
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Callixtus III
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Boniface VIII
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Celestine III
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Alexander III
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Anastasius IV
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Sylvester III
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Benedict VIII
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Anastasius II
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:Pope emeritus
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:List of popes
1546:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1181:
1175:, p. 42.
1174:
1173:Renouard 1970
1169:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1132:, p. 41.
1131:
1130:Renouard 1970
1126:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:Sumption 1990
1099:
1097:
1095:
1088:, p. 29.
1087:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:on 2013-05-31
1062:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
983:
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
944:
942:
940:
932:
927:
925:
923:
915:
910:
904:, p. 16.
903:
898:
891:
886:
884:
882:
880:
873:, p. 56.
872:
867:
860:
859:Peterson 1907
855:
849:, p. 15.
848:
843:
841:
839:
831:
826:
820:, p. 36.
819:
814:
807:
802:
795:
790:
783:
778:
771:
766:
760:, p. 38.
759:
758:Renouard 1970
754:
748:, p. 49.
747:
742:
740:
738:
730:
725:
723:
715:
710:
708:
699:
692:
688:
675:
672:According to
669:
660:
651:
647:
637:
634:
633:
623:
622:
617:
616:
610:
602:
600:
589:
586:
582:
577:
568:
566:
562:
561:Last Judgment
558:
557:
552:
548:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
514:
512:
506:
503:
498:
496:
491:
481:
472:
469:
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
421:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:Jean Duvernoy
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
321:Last Judgment
319:" before the
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:Your Holiness
245:
241:
238:
235:
233:
229:
225:
220:
217:
207:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:25 April 1342
171:
167:
162:
152:
148:
143:
140:
134:
130:
127:
121:
117:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:25 April 1342
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
56:
51:
48:
44:
36:
31:
19:
6635:French popes
6524:
6520:Pope Francis
6446:21st century
6395:Pope Paul VI
6372:
6360:
6313:20th century
6300:
6251:Pope Pius IX
6239:19th century
6215:Pope Pius VI
6082:
5954:Latin Empire
5924:Universities
5876:Pope Leo III
5743:Christianity
5728:state church
5720:Great Church
5521:Resurrection
5484:(30–325/476)
5481:Early Church
5466:Latin Church
5461:Papal States
5456:Vatican City
5264:Universities
5096:Third orders
5059:Associations
5049:Visitandines
5044:Trinitarians
4994:Mercedarians
4979:Hieronymites
4924:Camaldoleses
4909:Benedictines
4899:Augustinians
4859:
4852:
4845:
4826:Vatican News
4780:Distinctions
4586:Syro-Malabar
4471:Latin Church
4393:Grand master
4291:Metropolitan
4188:Vatican City
4083:Organisation
3962:Philosophers
3827:Confirmation
3804:In canon law
3798:Subsistit in
3796:
3792:Three states
3779:
3740:
3733:Ecclesiology
3715:Nova Vulgata
3713:
3671:Original sin
3666:Nicene Creed
3656:Divine grace
3615:
3497:Universities
3467:Papal States
3394:Great Church
3336:Resurrection
3313:Early Church
3209:
3197:
3167:World War II
3161:Vatican City
3037:
3008:(until 493)
2972:Benedict XVI
2967:John Paul II
2887:Clement XIII
2882:Benedict XIV
2857:Innocent XII
2791:Clement VIII
2766:Gregory XIII
2746:Marcellus II
2706:Alexander VI
2656:Innocent VII
2621:Benedict XII
2620:
2576:Nicholas III
2541:Alexander IV
2531:Celestine IV
2521:Honorius III
2505:Innocent III
2490:Gregory VIII
2450:Celestine II
2435:Callixtus II
2405:Alexander II
2330:Sylvester II
2310:Benedict VII
2270:Stephen VIII
2155:Benedict III
2009:Adeodatus II
1954:Boniface III
1808:Anastasius I
1490:1317 – 1326
1484:
1459:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1372:. Routledge.
1369:
1360:
1351:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1204:. Routledge.
1201:
1194:Bibliography
1185:McBrien 2000
1180:
1168:
1163:, p. 6.
1137:
1125:
1118:Collins 2009
1086:Housley 1986
1065:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1054:
1047:
1035:
1008:
996:
969:
957:
909:
897:
866:
854:
825:
818:Sherman 2018
813:
808:, p. 5.
801:
789:
777:
770:Kaelber 1998
765:
753:
746:Boureau 2006
697:
691:
668:
659:
650:
620:
608:
595:
578:
574:
555:
544:
520:
507:
499:
487:
478:
467:
461:
433:
422:
418:
415:microhistory
384:
370:, assisting
361:
334:
312:
297:Avignon pope
288:
268:
267:
243:Spoken style
237:His Holiness
213:
186:Coat of arms
174:(1342-04-25)
119:Consecration
86:Papacy ended
78:Papacy began
61:Henri Serrur
59:Portrait by
40:Benedict XII
18:Benedict XII
6615:Inquisitors
6595:1342 deaths
6590:1285 births
6526:Laudato si'
6321:Pope Pius X
6150:Philip Neri
6125:Pope Pius V
6100:Thomas More
5969:Inquisition
5871:Charlemagne
5831:Monasticism
5641:Persecution
5533:Holy Spirit
5516:Crucifixion
5395:First seven
5254:Health care
5240:Pax Christi
5192:Schoenstatt
5157:Sant'Egidio
4989:Legionaries
4969:Franciscans
4944:Cistercians
4939:Carthusians
4894:Annonciades
4753:Altarpieces
4646:West Syriac
4641:East Syriac
4621:Alexandrian
4245:Holy orders
4226:Swiss Guard
4166:Dicasteries
4161:Roman Curia
4059:Evangelists
4017:Holy Family
3952:Personalism
3942:Natural law
3920:Josephology
3854:Holy orders
3492:Inquisition
3449:Middle Ages
3439:Monasticism
3407:Constantine
3331:Crucifixion
3175:(1945–1991)
3169:(1939–1945)
3157:(1870–1929)
3151:(1775–1848)
3139:(1585–1689)
3133:(1534–1585)
3127:(1417–1534)
3108:(1378–1417)
3102:(1309–1378)
3094:, 1228–1304
3088:, 1262–1297
3082:, 1257–1281
3073:(1048–1257)
3058:Middle Ages
2998:Middle Ages
2962:John Paul I
2937:Benedict XV
2917:Gregory XVI
2892:Clement XIV
2877:Clement XII
2847:Innocent XI
2786:Innocent IX
2781:Gregory XIV
2731:Clement VII
2661:Gregory XII
2651:Boniface IX
2631:Innocent VI
2606:Benedict XI
2596:Celestine V
2591:Nicholas IV
2586:Honorius IV
2536:Innocent IV
2495:Clement III
2445:Innocent II
2440:Honorius II
2430:Gelasius II
2410:Gregory VII
2400:Nicholas II
2360:Benedict IX
2305:Benedict VI
2280:Agapetus II
2255:Stephen VII
2230:Sergius III
2220:Benedict IV
2210:Theodore II
2195:Boniface VI
2094:Stephen III
2074:Gregory III
2064:Constantine
2029:Benedict II
1964:Adeodatus I
1959:Boniface IV
1939:Pelagius II
1899:Boniface II
1839:Celestine I
1778:Sylvester I
1763:Marcellus I
1758:Marcellinus
1693:Callixtus I
1678:Eleutherius
1653:Telesphorus
1643:Alexander I
1565:Papal names
1040:Pluger 2003
989:Mollat 1965
974:Mollat 1965
931:Mollat 1965
830:Davies 1996
806:Barber 2014
794:Prudlo 2015
714:Sommer 2021
372:Bernard Gui
254:Holy Father
94:Predecessor
6584:Categories
6399:coronation
6105:Pope Leo X
5690:Tertullian
5620:Revelation
5595:Background
5009:Oratorians
4964:Dominicans
4934:Carmelites
4929:Camillians
4877:institutes
4690:Tridentine
4626:Antiochian
4546:Macedonian
4491:Belarusian
4381:Provincial
4296:Archbishop
4216:Roman Rota
4178:Properties
4103:By country
4099:Precedence
4064:Confessors
4044:Archangels
4034:Patriarchs
3934:Philosophy
3912:Veneration
3877:Assumption
3847:Last rites
3814:Sacraments
3758:Four marks
3569:Vatican II
3517:Modern era
3353:Succession
3118:Modern Era
3048:(974–1012)
2952:John XXIII
2862:Clement XI
2837:Clement IX
2827:Innocent X
2822:Urban VIII
2817:Gregory XV
2741:Julius III
2676:Nicholas V
2641:Gregory XI
2626:Clement VI
2561:Innocent V
2551:Clement IV
2526:Gregory IX
2480:Lucius III
2460:Eugene III
2425:Paschal II
2415:Victor III
2395:Stephen IX
2380:Damasus II
2375:Clement II
2370:Gregory VI
2345:Sergius IV
2340:John XVIII
2290:Benedict V
2275:Marinus II
2200:Stephen VI
2180:Adrian III
2160:Nicholas I
2145:Sergius II
2140:Gregory IV
2120:Stephen IV
2084:Stephen II
2069:Gregory II
1989:Theodore I
1974:Honorius I
1969:Boniface V
1934:Benedict I
1924:Pelagius I
1909:Agapetus I
1869:Gelasius I
1859:Simplicius
1844:Sixtus III
1834:Boniface I
1824:Innocent I
1688:Zephyrinus
1602:Pope-elect
1578:non-extant
1471:Clement VI
1067:2013-06-23
1028:Theis 2018
1013:Theis 2018
1001:Theis 2018
962:Engel 2008
902:Bueno 2018
890:Bueno 2016
847:Bueno 2018
684:References
387:Montaillou
331:Early life
285:Benoît XII
108:Clement VI
6415:Communism
6385:Ecumenism
5731:(380–451)
5723:(180–451)
5712:(313–476)
5634:(100–325)
5250:See also:
5202:Charities
5111:Discalced
5039:Trappists
5034:Theatines
5004:Olivetans
4949:Clarisses
4919:Blue nuns
4904:Basilians
4881:societies
4789:See also:
4675:Mozarabic
4665:Ambrosian
4651:Malankara
4636:Byzantine
4596:Ukrainian
4571:Ruthenian
4536:Hungarian
4521:Ethiopian
4496:Bulgarian
4463:sui iuris
4447:Postulant
4356:Religious
4311:Auxiliary
4306:Coadjutor
4276:Patriarch
4144:Cardinals
4091:Canon law
4087:Hierarchy
4069:Disciples
3992:Relations
3980:Evolution
3971:See also:
3916:See also:
3869:Mariology
3859:Matrimony
3832:Eucharist
3753:Ecumenism
3681:Salvation
3617:Catechism
3612:Tradition
3574:Communism
3422:Chalcedon
3042:(904–964)
3034:(756–857)
3028:(537–752)
3022:(493–537)
3014:(312–337)
2912:Pius VIII
2842:Clement X
2776:Urban VII
2726:Adrian VI
2716:Julius II
2696:Sixtus IV
2671:Eugene IV
2616:John XXII
2611:Clement V
2581:Martin IV
2556:Gregory X
2485:Urban III
2470:Adrian IV
2455:Lucius II
2390:Victor II
2335:John XVII
2325:Gregory V
2300:John XIII
2185:Stephen V
2175:Marinus I
2170:John VIII
2165:Adrian II
2135:Valentine
2130:Eugene II
2125:Paschal I
2059:Sisinnius
2044:Sergius I
1979:Severinus
1944:Gregory I
1914:Silverius
1884:Hormisdas
1879:Symmachus
1864:Felix III
1798:Damasus I
1773:Miltiades
1748:Eutychian
1738:Dionysius
1733:Sixtus II
1728:Stephen I
1718:Cornelius
1638:Evaristus
1633:Clement I
1628:Anacletus
1558:canonised
1553:graphical
1454:John XXII
1276:153655810
1161:Dale 2007
1142:Dale 2007
782:Burr 2001
729:Pham 2004
581:Philip VI
523:St. Peter
139:John XXII
104:Successor
98:John XXII
6425:HIV/AIDS
5919:Crusades
5673:Irenaeus
5666:Ignatius
5661:Polycarp
5511:Ministry
5499:(30–100)
5373:Timeline
5294:Category
5187:Opus Dei
5172:Scouting
5162:Focolare
5029:Servites
5014:Piarists
4959:Crosiers
4695:Anglican
4631:Armenian
4561:Romanian
4551:Maronite
4526:Georgian
4516:Eritrean
4501:Chaldean
4486:Armenian
4481:Albanian
4362:Superior
4321:Emeritus
4301:Diocesan
4154:Advisers
4113:Holy See
4039:Prophets
3997:Politics
3768:Catholic
3748:Councils
3603:Theology
3482:Crusades
3417:Nicaea I
3348:Apostles
3326:Ministry
3295:Timeline
3275:Glossary
3199:Category
3173:Cold War
2947:Pius XII
2927:Leo XIII
2902:Pius VII
2771:Sixtus V
2736:Paul III
2711:Pius III
2666:Martin V
2646:Urban VI
2571:John XXI
2566:Adrian V
2546:Urban IV
2420:Urban II
2355:John XIX
2315:John XIV
2295:Leo VIII
2285:John XII
2190:Formosus
2099:Adrian I
2054:John VII
2004:Vitalian
1999:Eugene I
1994:Martin I
1949:Sabinian
1929:John III
1919:Vigilius
1894:Felix IV
1854:Hilarius
1803:Siricius
1793:Liberius
1788:Julius I
1768:Eusebius
1723:Lucius I
1683:Victor I
1668:Anicetus
1648:Sixtus I
1585:Antipope
1296:. Maney.
1222:. Brill.
950:Lee 2018
914:Lee 2018
700:. Brill.
630:See also
547:theology
458:Election
429:cardinal
301:nepotism
161:Saverdun
124:by
6390:Judaism
5790:Vulgate
5600:Gospels
5575:Stephen
5492:Origins
5412:Vulgate
5348:General
5338:of the
5336:History
5259:Schools
5215:Caritas
5123:Secular
5089:Workers
4984:Jesuits
4770:Museums
4765:Library
4743:Writers
4738:Artists
4718:Culture
4685:Paul VI
4566:Russian
4556:Melkite
4398:Brother
4376:General
4316:Titular
4286:Primate
4264:Eparchy
4254:Diocese
4201:Outline
4140:College
4130:Francis
4074:Virgins
4049:Martyrs
3975:Science
3882:History
3837:Penance
3822:Baptism
3723:Worship
3696:Vulgate
3644:Kingdom
3639:Trinity
3627:General
3382:Primacy
3290:History
3270:Outline
3092:Perugia
3086:Orvieto
3080:Viterbo
2977:Francis
2957:Paul VI
2942:Pius XI
2922:Pius IX
2907:Leo XII
2897:Pius VI
2756:Pius IV
2751:Paul IV
2691:Paul II
2686:Pius II
2636:Urban V
2320:John XV
2265:Leo VII
2260:John XI
2215:John IX
2205:Romanus
2104:Leo III
2079:Zachary
2049:John VI
1984:John IV
1904:John II
1829:Zosimus
1743:Felix I
1708:Anterus
1703:Pontian
1698:Urban I
1658:Hyginus
1535:of the
531:Avignon
517:Bologna
389:in the
368:Cathars
347:at the
179:Avignon
6356:Nazism
6178:to the
5785:Jerome
5695:Origen
5378:Papacy
5137:Fimcap
5079:Marian
4999:Minims
4731:Marian
4581:Syriac
4576:Slovak
4506:Coptic
4442:Oblate
4437:Master
4432:Novice
4427:Hermit
4415:Sister
4371:Abbess
4338:Deacon
4333:Priest
4328:Parish
4271:Bishop
4241:Polity
4027:Joseph
4009:Saints
3676:Saints
3564:Nazism
2932:Pius X
2812:Paul V
2807:Leo XI
2761:Pius V
2385:Leo IX
2250:Leo VI
2245:John X
2150:Leo IV
2089:Paul I
2034:John V
2024:Leo II
2019:Agatho
1889:John I
1713:Fabian
1663:Pius I
1573:extant
1569:Tombs
1274:
475:Papacy
391:Ariège
281:French
114:Orders
68:Church
6645:Popes
6458:Islam
5726:Roman
5685:Canon
5558:Peter
5506:Jesus
5235:CIDSE
5084:Youth
4808:Media
4775:Music
4700:Zaire
4680:Roman
4670:Braga
4660:Latin
4531:Greek
4403:Friar
4367:Abbot
4281:Major
4196:Index
4095:Laity
3661:Dogma
3608:Bible
3584:Islam
3540:Trent
3321:Jesus
3303:Legal
3265:Index
2721:Leo X
2240:Lando
2225:Leo V
2039:Conon
2014:Donus
1849:Leo I
1753:Caius
1673:Soter
1623:Linus
1618:Peter
1533:Popes
1272:S2CID
642:Notes
613:Works
605:Death
353:Abbot
273:Latin
6508:2023
6503:2019
6498:2016
6493:2013
6488:2011
6483:2008
6478:2005
6473:2002
6468:2000
6435:1995
5605:Acts
5568:Paul
5563:John
5538:Mary
4760:Folk
4408:Monk
4149:List
4127:Pope
4022:Mary
1783:Mark
1461:Pope
462:The
450:and
436:cowl
399:Rome
262:None
169:Died
157:1285
150:Born
122:1317
35:Pope
5494:and
5444:Art
5074:Lay
4726:Art
4420:Nun
4142:of
3634:God
1264:doi
1057:on"
529:in
468:not
355:of
307:of
137:by
6586::
4879:,
4369:,
1350:.
1270:.
1260:33
1258:.
1149:^
1110:^
1093:^
1076:^
1020:^
981:^
938:^
921:^
878:^
837:^
736:^
721:^
706:^
553:,
537:.
454:.
446:,
442:,
431:.
417:,
283::
279:,
275::
6401:)
6397:(
5328:e
5321:t
5314:v
4874:,
4358::
4247:)
4243:(
4120:)
4116:(
3246:e
3239:t
3232:v
1525:e
1518:t
1511:v
1278:.
1266::
1070:.
1053:"
861:.
271:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
