169:
provide numerous examples of
Brahmin families coming from various parts of India to settle in Bengal. According to Roy, the migrant Brahmins might mingle with the existing Brahmins of Bengal. The epigraphic evidence indicates that although the Palas were a great patron of Buddhism, they supported and endowed Brahmins too. The land grants made by Palas to Brahmins were carried out with orthodox Hindu rituals as described in the inscriptions of Palas. This evidence shows that even in the period of the Pala dynasty, Brahminic practices prevailed. The Varman kings were the rulers of eastern Bengal from 1050 to 1150 C.E., while the Sena kings gained influence in Gauda. Eventually, the Senas became the rulers of all of Bengal. The Sena and Varman kings were followers of Brahmanism and were considered orthodox in their beliefs. Historians believe that these rulers introduced certain aspects of Brahmanism to Bengal, which had a more adaptable society compared to the southern and western parts of India where Brahmanism was more strict.
159:. The Dhanaidaha copper-plate inscription, dated to 433 C.E., is the earliest of them and records a grantee Brahmin named Varahasvamin The Vaigram edict (447β48) mentions land grants to Brahmans in the Pundravardhana region. The Damodarpur copper inscriptions, discovered in the Dinajpur area of Bengal's Rajshahi division, describe a century of the Gupta period, from 443β44 C.E. to 533β34 C.E., also revealing the presence of the Brahmanical group in Bengal; Sircar, however, finds this interpretation doubtful. During the Gupta period, many Brahmins arrived in Bengal from various parts of India. Archaeologists found three copper plate grants in the district of Faridpur in East Bengal, with the first two attributed to Dharmaditya and the last to Gopacandra. Among the recipients of these grants were Brahmins, implying the existence of Brahmins at that time. The 7th-century
1572:
33:
164:
these independent kings between the middle of the sixth and seventh centuries were Hindu
Brahmanists. Shashanka, a king of Gauda at the beginning of the seventh century, notably stood out as being opposed to Buddhism. Evidence indicates Brahmanism's continuous growth in Bengal during the reign of these autonomous kings. During Harshavardhan's reign,
267:(favoured attributes), among which was insistence on same-rank marriages. Multiple accounts of this legend exist; historians generally consider it to be nothing more than myth or folklore, lacking historical authenticity. The tradition continues by saying that these incomers settled and each became the founder of a clan.
163:
mentions that a marshy land tract adjacent to an existing settlement was given to more than 208 Vaidika
Brahmins (Brahmins versed in the Vedas) belonging to 56 gotras and different Vedic schools. After the Hun invasion in the fifth century, Bengal had been ruled by several independent rulers. Most of
168:
visited Bengal. His records suggest that certain
Bengali Brahmins had become monarchs. The ruler of Samatata, whose reign covered the first part of the 7th century C.E., was a Brahmin. Several Brahmins gradually came from central India beginning in the eighth century, and epigraphs of the time
154:
era, as depicted in the
Mahasthan inscription. By the end of the 3rd century C.E., the region came under the rule of the Magadha Empire under Samudragupta and remained within this empire until the mid-6th century C.E. According to contemporary historians, Brahmanism was found to have gained
736:
Shin, Jae-Eun (1 January 2018). Region Formed and
Imagined: Reconsidering Temporal, Spatial and Social Context of KΔmarΕ«pa, in Lipokmar Dzuvichu and Manjeet Baruah (eds), Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, pp.
203:
Referring to the linkages between class and caste in Bengal, Bandyopadhyay mentions that the
Brahmins, along with the other two upper castes, refrained from physical labour but controlled land, and as such represented "the three traditional higher castes of Bengal".
180:, his purpose being to provide education for the Brahmins already in the area whom he thought to be ignorant, and revive traditional orthodox Brahminical Hinduism. As per tradition, these five immigrant Brahmins and their descendants went on to become the
155:
prominence in Bengal as early as the fourth century C.E. The later Gupta kings of
Magadha promoted the growth of Brahmanism in the region while also showing support for Jainism and Buddhism. Multiple land-grants to Brahmins have been observed since the
1238:
Bhattacharya, Jogendra Nath (1896). Hindu Castes and Sects: An
Exposition of the Origin of the Hindu Caste System and the Bearing of the Sects toward Each Other and toward Other Religious Systems. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. p.
184:. According to Sengupta, multiple accounts of this legend exist, and historians generally consider this to be nothing more than myth or folklore lacking historical authenticity. Identical stories of migration of
1226:
An
Introduction to the Study of Indian History, by Damodar Dharmanand KosΔmbi, Popular Prakasan,35c Tadeo Road, Popular Press Building, Bombay-400034, First Edition: 1956, Revised Second Edition: 1975.
1166:
196:
opines that, the desideration of Bengali Brahmins to gain more prestige by connecting themselves with the Brahmins from the west, 'could have contributed' to the establishment of the system of '
259:, his purpose being to provide education for the Brahmins already in the area, whom he thought to be ignorant, and to revive traditional orthodox Brahminical Hinduism. These
1112:
1057:
Das, S. (1990). Communal Violence in Twentieth Century Colonial Bengal: An Analytical Framework. Social Scientist, 18(6/7), 21. doi:10.2307/3517477
1174:
1695:
189:
1362:
142:
of Bengal were primarily, but not exclusively, drawn from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.
274:("superior") in order to differentiate them from the more established local Brahmins. The surnames commonly used by the Kulin Brahmins are
946:
212:
Apart from the common classification as Kulina, Srotriya and Vangaja, Bengali Brahmins are divided into the following clans or divisions:
1000:
920:
1086:
2124:
150:
For a long period, Bengal was not part of Vedic culture. However, North Bengal was a part of the Aryan acculturation during the
365:
1197:
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1207:
1033:
994:
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1355:
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930:
883:
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561:
462:
160:
1725:
399:(1929β1987), Indian playback singer, actor, music director, lyricist, writer, director, producer and screenwriter
1675:
1025:
Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods, and Determinants: Studies in development economics
2114:
1348:
1710:
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374:
1851:
2109:
1975:
1861:
1603:
380:
1331:
410:
1670:
452:
2088:
1776:
953:
418:(1794β1846), one of the first Indian industrialists to form an enterprise with British partners
172:
It is traditionally believed that much later, in the 11th century CE, after the decline of the
1023:
1949:
1811:
1266:
982:
748:
479:
370:
1268:
Epigraphy and Islamic Culture: Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205β1494)
1715:
507:"Space of Deprivation: The 19th Century Bengali Kerani in the Bhadrolok Milieu of Calcutta"
193:
1113:"Bankim Chandra β the man who wrote Vande Mataram, capturing colonial India's imagination"
318:, and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter to escape Islamist persecution.
8:
244:
108:
983:"The Social and Religious Background for Transmission of Gaudiya Vaisnavism to the West"
749:"The Social and Religious Background for Transmission of Gaudiya Vaisnavism to the West"
1965:
1608:
1311:
1245:
534:
406:
337:
307:
88:
1985:
1928:
1705:
1303:
1272:
1252:
1203:
1029:
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926:
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846:
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702:
650:
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526:
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415:
315:
287:
1913:
1886:
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1791:
1746:
1700:
1660:
1513:
1503:
1458:
1295:
842:
838:
518:
402:
384:
255:, a Hindu king, Adi Sura, brought in five Brahmins and their five attendants from
131:
56:
900:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1751:
1720:
1690:
873:
791:
361:
331:
80:
674:
1944:
1918:
1781:
1771:
1508:
1488:
1438:
1371:
428:
185:
181:
84:
625:
STUDIES IN THE SOCIETY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA VOL. 1
522:
2103:
1846:
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1741:
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396:
355:
350:
291:
151:
1970:
1761:
1685:
1680:
1665:
1443:
1407:
1392:
1087:"Book review 'A Nation in Making': Banerjea's nation-A man and his history"
346:
327:
156:
1571:
2038:
1876:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1786:
1525:
1473:
1428:
390:
295:
252:
173:
116:
66:
18:
Hindu caste originating from the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent
579:
Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal
538:
506:
1881:
1806:
1629:
1493:
1483:
1232:
NN Bhattacharyya, Bharatiya Jati Varna Pratha (Bengali), Calcutta, 1987
283:
165:
120:
1315:
2033:
2017:
1821:
1644:
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1402:
341:
275:
139:
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1520:
1498:
1448:
1299:
1235:
RC Majumdar, Vangiya Kulashastra (Bengali), 2nd ed, Calcutta, 1989.
311:
279:
197:
46:
314:, migrated en masse to be within the borders of the newly defined
32:
2063:
2048:
1836:
1463:
1340:
878:. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. pp. 53β54.
607:
Brahmanic Settlements in Different Subdivisions of Ancient Bengal
481:
Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal
454:
Caste, Culture, and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal
256:
100:
310:, many Brahmins, whose original homes were in the newly created
2012:
1980:
1923:
1816:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1552:
1547:
1453:
1433:
1397:
1048:"Pakistan: The Ravaging of Golden Bengal". Time. 2 August 1971.
248:
177:
127:
104:
2053:
2043:
1756:
260:
135:
112:
70:
1286:
Witzel, Michael (1993). "Toward a History of the Brahmins".
1022:
Iversen, Vegard; Krishna, Anirudh; Sen, Kunal, eds. (2022).
1468:
446:
444:
377:, first Indian to pass the Indian civil service examination
1229:
Atul Sur, Banglar Samajik Itihas (Bengali), Calcutta, 1976
627:. FIRMA K. L. MUKHOPADHYAY, CALCUTTA. pp. 1β4, 18β19.
609:. Indian Studies: Past & Present. pp. 19, 37β38.
441:
675:"Four More Gupta-period Copperplate Grants from Bengal"
176:, a Hindu king, Adisura brought in five Brahmins from
810:
1167:"Protocol to keep President Pranab off Puja customs"
1075:
Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"
1066:
Bhattacharya, "Raybaghini o Bhurishrestha Rajkahini"
251:. In the 11th century CE, after the decline of the
1244:
740:
134:, are regarded among the three traditional higher
1021:
2101:
985:. In Bromley, David G.; Shinn, Larry D. (eds.).
785:
783:
781:
779:
751:. In Bromley, David G.; Shinn, Larry D. (eds.).
726:. Indian Academy of Social Sciences. p. 14.
1696:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
1015:
1356:
1242:
1141:"Kishore Kumar birthday: His favourite songs"
989:. Bucknell University Press. pp. 35β36.
776:
755:. Bucknell University Press. pp. 35β36.
699:History of the Bengali People: Ancient Period
477:
450:
366:8th and present Chief Minister of West Bengal
837:, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1β2,
796:. UBS Publishers' Distributors. p. 25.
918:
504:
1363:
1349:
1247:Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man
976:
974:
301:
1329:
892:
701:. Orient Longman. pp. 170β172, 191.
679:Pratna Samiksha: A Journal of Archaeology
672:
471:
243:trace their ancestry to five families of
1333:Journey Of The Dutta - Kannauj to Bengal
1288:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1028:. Oxford University Press. p. 289.
898:
865:
789:
576:
1195:
980:
971:
746:
647:Caste Dynamics Among the Bengali Hindus
581:. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
2102:
1285:
1264:
816:
793:History of the Bengali-Speaking People
622:
604:
1344:
1135:
1133:
922:Creative Society: Prospects for India
721:
692:
690:
688:
644:
551:
306:When the British left India in 1947,
1330:Chaudhuri, Hemotpaul (5 June 2022).
1196:Littrup, Lisbeth (28 October 2013).
1110:
1084:
902:Caste and class in pre-Muslim Bengal
871:
668:
666:
640:
638:
636:
634:
618:
616:
600:
598:
263:Brahmins were supposed to have nine
138:of Bengal. In the colonial era, the
2084:Bengali Hindu mythology and culture
947:"Reflections on Kulin Polygamy, p2"
875:A Handbook of West Bengal, Volume 1
828:
696:
13:
1370:
1323:
1130:
685:
270:These Brahmins were designated as
188:exist under the legendary king of
103:, who traditionally reside in the
14:
2136:
1173:. 11 October 2011. Archived from
1003:from the original on 19 July 2023
987:Krishna consciousness in the West
753:Krishna consciousness in the West
663:
631:
613:
595:
484:. Sage Publications. p. 25.
457:. Sage Publications. p. 20.
321:
161:Nidhanpur copperplate inscription
126:The Bengali Brahmins, along with
1726:Yogoda Satsanga Society of India
1570:
577:McDaniel, June (5 August 2004).
235:
31:
2125:Brahmin communities by language
1265:Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015).
1189:
1159:
1104:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
939:
912:
908:(Thesis). University of London.
822:
730:
715:
554:What Happened to the Bhadralok?
511:Asian Journal of Social Science
1676:Brahmo Conference Organisation
1243:Dutta, K; Robinson, A (1995),
919:Khandawalla, Pradip N (2014).
843:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe043
724:The Tragic Partition of Bengal
570:
545:
498:
478:Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004).
451:Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004).
393:(1911β2001), Indian film actor
387:novelist, poet and journalist
192:. According to Sayantani Pal,
1:
1220:
1111:Khan, Fatima (8 April 2019).
2120:Social groups of West Bengal
1852:Swami Vivekananda's Birthday
1199:Identity In Asian Literature
1085:Dutt, Ajanta (6 July 2016).
925:. Wide Canvas. p. 117.
790:Sengupta, Nitish K. (2001).
722:Ghosh, Suniti Kumar (2002).
649:. Firma KLM. pp. 6β11.
409:and a veteran leader of the
373:(1848β1925), founder of the
312:Islamic Republic of Pakistan
308:carving out separate nations
7:
1711:Self-Realization Fellowship
981:Hopkins, Thomas J. (1989).
747:Hopkins, Thomas J. (1989).
645:Sarma, Jyotirmoyee (1980).
505:Chakrabarti, Sumit (2017).
422:
375:Indian National Association
111:, currently comprising the
99:are the community of Hindu
10:
2141:
872:Saha, Sanghamitra (1998).
835:The Encyclopedia of Empire
145:
2076:
2026:
2005:
1998:
1958:
1937:
1906:
1899:
1734:
1653:
1617:
1586:
1579:
1568:
1416:
1385:
1378:
1202:. Routledge. p. 94.
697:Ray, Niharranjan (1994).
523:10.1163/15685314-04501003
381:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
76:
62:
52:
42:
30:
25:
899:Narottam, Kundu (1963).
681:. New Series (9): 15β57.
673:Griffiths, Arlo (2018).
434:
411:Indian National Congress
358:, Queen of Bhurishrestha
207:
37:A Bengali Brahmin priest
1671:Bharat Sevashram Sangha
829:Pal, Sayantani (2016),
556:. Delhi: Primus Books.
552:Ghosh, Parimal (2016).
407:13th President of India
338:Raja Krishnachandra Roy
302:Post Partition of India
2089:Bengali Hindu diaspora
1777:Dhamrai Jagannath Roth
1251:, St. Martin's Press,
623:SIRCAR, D. C. (1959).
605:Niyogi, Puspa (1967).
1950:Rabindra Nritya Natya
371:Surendranath Banerjee
2115:Bengali Hindu castes
1716:Sri Aurobindo Ashram
959:on 10 September 2016
383:(1838β1894), Indian
245:Kanyakubja Brahmins
119:and the country of
109:Indian subcontinent
1966:Vaishnava Padavali
89:Kanyakubja Brahmin
2097:
2096:
2072:
2071:
1994:
1993:
1986:Hungry generation
1929:Bishnupur gharana
1895:
1894:
1706:Ramakrishna Order
1566:
1565:
1209:978-1-136-10426-8
1177:on 31 August 2020
1035:978-0-1928-9685-8
996:978-0-8387-5144-2
852:978-1-118-45507-4
762:978-0-8387-5144-2
708:978-0-86311-378-9
656:978-0-8364-0633-7
588:978-0-19-534713-5
491:978-0-761-99849-5
416:Dwarkanath Tagore
330:, founder of the
316:Republic of India
94:
93:
2132:
2110:Bengali Brahmins
2003:
2002:
1914:Rabindra Sangeet
1904:
1903:
1842:Jagaddhatri Puja
1802:Vishwakarma Puja
1797:Ganesh Chaturthi
1747:Rabindra Jayanti
1701:Matua Mahasangha
1661:Adi Brahmo Samaj
1609:Matuasmritokotha
1584:
1583:
1574:
1383:
1382:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1319:
1282:
1261:
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1214:
1213:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
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1157:
1156:
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1040:
1039:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
978:
969:
968:
966:
964:
958:
952:. Archived from
951:
943:
937:
936:
916:
910:
909:
907:
896:
890:
889:
869:
863:
862:
861:
859:
826:
820:
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808:
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787:
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773:
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719:
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694:
683:
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568:
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549:
543:
542:
502:
496:
495:
475:
469:
468:
448:
403:Pranab Mukherjee
364:(1955βpresent),
247:who migrated to
186:Orissan Brahmins
97:Bengali Brahmins
63:Populated states
35:
26:Bengali Brahmins
23:
22:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2068:
2022:
1990:
1954:
1933:
1891:
1872:Maha Shivaratri
1857:Makar Sankranti
1752:Akshaya Tritiya
1730:
1721:Vedanta Society
1691:Gaudiya Mission
1649:
1613:
1575:
1562:
1412:
1374:
1369:
1326:
1324:Further reading
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1171:Hindustan Times
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1147:. 4 August 2011
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1109:
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979:
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913:
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886:
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811:
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765:
763:
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735:
731:
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709:
695:
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546:
503:
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476:
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442:
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362:Mamata Banerjee
332:Ganesha dynasty
324:
304:
238:
210:
148:
81:Maithil Brahmin
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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2021:
2020:
2015:
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1996:
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1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
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1439:Baishya Kapali
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1372:Bengali Hindus
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1300:10.2307/603031
1294:(2): 264β268.
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1278:9781317587460
1274:
1271:. Routledge.
1270:
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1258:0-312-14030-4
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885:81-8569-224-6
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831:"Sena Empire"
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405:(1935β2020),
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397:Kishore Kumar
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351:Bhurishrestha
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236:Kulin Brahmin
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41:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
1999:Folk culture
1971:Mangal-Kavya
1812:Lakshmi Puja
1686:Gaudiya Math
1681:Brahmo Samaj
1666:Ananda Marga
1444:Baishya Saha
1332:
1291:
1287:
1267:
1246:
1198:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1170:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1144:
1120:. Retrieved
1116:
1106:
1096:12 September
1094:. Retrieved
1090:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1024:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
986:
961:. Retrieved
954:the original
941:
921:
914:
901:
894:
874:
867:
856:, retrieved
834:
824:
812:
792:
766:. Retrieved
752:
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723:
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698:
678:
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624:
606:
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572:
553:
547:
514:
510:
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453:
347:Rudranarayan
328:Raja Ganesha
305:
271:
269:
264:
253:Pala dynasty
240:
239:
211:
202:
174:Pala dynasty
171:
149:
125:
96:
95:
20:
15:
1877:Dol Purnima
1832:Shakta Rash
1827:Bhai Phonta
1787:Janmashtami
1474:Gandhabanik
1151:25 February
1145:India Today
817:Witzel 1993
517:(1/2): 56.
391:Ashok Kumar
296:Chakrabarti
228:Madhyasreni
166:Huyen-tsang
117:West Bengal
67:West Bengal
2104:Categories
2027:Folk dance
1959:Literature
1807:Durga Puja
1630:Kartabhaja
1494:Kansabanik
1221:References
1122:13 January
1007:31 October
858:5 February
768:31 October
340:, Raja of
284:Chatterjee
194:D.C Sircar
140:Bhadraloks
121:Bangladesh
2034:Raibenshe
2018:Sholapith
1862:Maghotsab
1822:Kali Puja
1735:Festivals
1645:Vaishnava
1531:Namasudra
1489:Kaibartya
1403:Bhadralok
1308:0003-0279
1117:The Print
531:1568-4849
342:Nadia Raj
334:of Bengal
276:Mukherjee
231:Sakadwipi
225:Saptasati
157:Gupta Era
132:Kayasthas
115:state of
53:Languages
43:Religions
2059:Gombhira
2006:Folk art
1976:Panchali
1762:Shashthi
1604:Panchali
1580:Religion
1536:Namassej
1521:Mahishya
1504:Kayastha
1499:Karmakar
1449:Barujibi
1001:Archived
963:29 April
539:44508277
423:See also
280:Banerjee
219:Varendra
198:kulinism
101:Brahmins
47:Hinduism
2064:Kavigan
2049:Dhamail
1900:Culture
1837:Nabanna
1514:Maulika
1464:Chunaru
1459:Brahmin
1379:Society
1181:12 July
385:Bengali
288:Ganguly
257:Kannauj
222:Vaidika
152:Mauryan
146:History
128:Baidyas
57:Bengali
2077:Others
2013:Dhokra
1981:Kallol
1924:Kirtan
1817:Diwali
1654:Orders
1640:Shakta
1635:Shaiva
1625:Brahmo
1599:Chandi
1553:Shunri
1548:Sadgop
1541:Avarna
1434:Baidya
1417:Castes
1398:Bangal
1386:Groups
1316:603031
1314:
1306:
1275:
1255:
1206:
1032:
993:
929:
882:
849:
800:
759:
737:23β55.
705:
653:
585:
560:
537:
529:
488:
461:
272:Kulina
249:Bengal
178:Kanauj
136:castes
113:Indian
105:Bengal
2054:Alkap
2044:Paika
2039:Chhau
1938:Dance
1907:Music
1887:Gajan
1792:Bhadu
1618:Sects
1587:Books
1526:Malla
1509:Kulin
1454:Bauri
1429:Bagdi
1424:Aguri
1408:Ghoti
1312:JSTOR
957:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
535:JSTOR
435:Notes
265:gunas
261:Vedic
216:Radhi
208:Clans
71:India
1882:Holi
1558:Yogi
1484:Hari
1393:Babu
1304:ISSN
1273:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1239:iii.
1204:ISBN
1183:2012
1153:2020
1124:2021
1098:2020
1030:ISBN
1009:2011
991:ISBN
965:2016
927:ISBN
880:ISBN
860:2022
847:ISBN
798:ISBN
770:2011
757:ISBN
703:ISBN
651:ISBN
583:ISBN
558:ISBN
527:ISSN
486:ISBN
459:ISBN
294:and
130:and
1469:Dom
1296:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
