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and accessed through a monumental entrance on the east side. West of the pool was an elevated terrace and courtyard with gardens. Outside the walls of the palace complex, gardens extended east-to-west across the city, and to a depth of nearly 100 metres (330 ft). The gardens have not yet been explored by archeologists, although ornamental fountains have been discovered.
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antecedent to the common
Almoravid and Almohad forms which are seen in the Great Mosque of Tlemcen or in Tinmel. The framework of a marble basin and a grey marble fragment document the use of multifoil arches with spiral-form impost decoration. The use of this motif at the Qal’at subsequently spread during the times of the
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located north of the water court. The outer walls consist of buttresses varying in design. As for the water courtyard the court is 71 meters long and 51 meters wide while the basin is 68 meters long, 48 meters wide and 1.3 meters deep. The courtyard was surrounded on all sides by T-shaped pillared porticos.
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The Dar al-Bahr palace was named for its rectangular pool, which measured 67 by 47 metres (220 by 154 ft). A ramp at one end of the pool was used to launch boats. References to nautical displays in this pool appear in the accounts of contemporary visitors. The pool was surrounded by a portico,
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The Dar al-Bahar which is located nearby the congregational mosque was most likely used for public audiences and/or the palace of the Emir. The eastern court occupied by a large water basin inspired the name of the palace. Located between two courtyards is the main reception room and a domed hall is
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The Qalaa was described by Al-Bakri in the 11th century as a large and powerful military stronghold and a centre of commerce that attracted caravans from all over the
Maghreb, Iraq, Syria, Egypt and the Hejaz. Ibn Khaldun also noted that the abundance of travellers was due to the wealth of resources
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The Qalaa was described by Al-Bakri in the 11th century as a large and powerful military stronghold and a centre of commerce that attracted caravans from all over the
Maghreb, Iraq, Syria, Egypt and the Hejaz. Ibn Khaldun also noted that the abundance of travellers was due to the wealth of resources
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and became universal in
Almohad buildings. The square rooms surrounded by rampant barrel vaults in the Qasr al-Manar have been compared to the Almohad minarets and the Torre Pisana in Palermo which it predates. The Hammadid palaces are also noted to contain the first or one of the first documented
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Furthermore, the Qal’at buildings are considered to be documented antecedents and precursors to certain developments in
Western Islamic art in the 12th century. Plaster capitals that were found at the Qal’at were composed of smooth leaves recurved in their upper part are considered to be an
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Other palaces such as the Qasr al-Kawab and Qasr al-Salam were constructed by the
Hammadids. The Qasr al-Salam likely served as the residence of the rulers family and this structure summarises many aspects of typical Hammadid architecture. The Qasr al-Manar is another palace, its layout has
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dynasty. Also among the artifacts discovered are several decorative fountains using the lion as a motif. The remains of the emir's palace, known as Dal al-Bahr, include three separate residences separated by gardens and pavilions.
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resemblance to the Upper palace and Qasr al-Salam as its main elements are composed of a forecourt with an audience hall and a private apartment both surrounded with T-shaped pillared porticos.
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is said to have been the largest mosque constructed in North Africa prior to the twentieth century and it features the typical
Maghreb style square minaret. In Qalaat Beni Hammad, the
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offered to those interested in sciences, commerce and arts. The Qala attracted poets, sages and theologians. The architecture of the
Hammadids even influenced that of the Normans.
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offered to those interested in sciences, commerce and arts. The Qala attracted poets, sages and theologians. The architecture of the
Hammadids even influenced that of the Normans.
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1092:, in Word, Heritage and Knowledge, a cura di C. Gambardella, XVI Forum International di Studi-Le vie dei Mercanti, Napoli-Capri 14-16 giugno 2018, Roma 2018, pp. 323-332
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The town includes a 7-kilometre (4 mi) long line of walls. Inside the walls are four residential complexes, and the largest mosque built in
Algeria after that of
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vault in the Islamic world. However, other scholars of Islamic architecture have questioned or rejected the dating of these fragments or their identification as true
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Excavations began in 1908, resumed from 1952-1956 and continue to this day as most of the site remains unexplored and the aspects of the palaces await further study.
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Massaiu, Maurizio (2014). "The Use of Muqarnas in Hammadid Art. Some Preliminary Observations.". In Burnett, Charles; Mantas-España, Pedro (eds.).
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in the Western Islamic world, dating back to the 11th or 12th century. There are no earlier examples of muqarnas in the Islamic West. According to
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In the Qal’at Beni Hammad fragments of stucco were discovered from the Qasr al-Salam and the Qasr al-Manar which may be the oldest fragments of
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Excavations have brought to light numerous terracotta, jewels, coins and ceramics testifying to the high level of civilization under the
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Whitcomb, Donald. "Archaeology". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
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Golvin, Lucien (1957). "Notes sur quelques fragments de platre trouvés récemment à la Qal'a des Beni-Hammâd".
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the fragments of the muqarnas semi-dome at the Qasr al-Salam are the oldest documented remains of a true
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L. Hadda, Zirid and Hammadid palaces in North Africa and its influence on Norman architecture in Sicily
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1122:(Vol. 4) (eds. K.A. Berney, Trudy Ring & Noelle Watson: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1996), pp. 36-39.
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Citations are not properly formatted and statements need clarification and more verification.
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Mélanges d'Histoire et d'archéologie de l'occident musulman II, Hommage a Georges Marçais
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1228:. Algiers: Imprimerie Officielle du Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie. pp. 75–94.
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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Hammadid emirs constructed five palaces, most of which are now destroyed. The
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Mapping knowledge : cross-pollination in Late Antiquity and Middle Ages
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Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins-Madina, Marilyn (2001).
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Tabbaa, Yasser (1985). "The Muqarnas Dome: Its Origin and Meaning".
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1074:"Site of Qal'at Bani Hammad - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum"
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Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
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Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
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Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places
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Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
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Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
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The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
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1176:. Oriens Academic; CNERU; Warburg Institute. pp. 209–230.
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554:(aka Maadhid), about 225 kilometres (140 mi) southeast of
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Jeff Huebner, "Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad (M'sila, Algeria)" in
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Architecture in Qalaat Beni Hammad featured adornments of "
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in 1017. In 1090 it was abandoned under the menace of the
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Buildings and structures completed in the 11th century
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The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
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History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
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Piece from Qal'at Bani Hammad, currently held in the
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Mosaic panel in faience from Qalâa of the Beni Hammad
1024:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 189.
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Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo
865:M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009).
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745:Plan of Qal'at Bani Hammad (place names in French)
1442:Populated places established in the 11th century
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1321:in Manar al-Athar digital heritage photo archive
1319:Images of Qal'at Bani Hammad (Kalaa Beni Hammad)
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1149:Early Islamic North Africa: A New Perspective
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161:Learn how and when to remove this message
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497:Arab States
341: /
317:Coordinates
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1416:Categories
1056:2022-04-12
852:References
794:Almoravids
737:Decoration
633:Banu Hilal
468:Designated
403:Site notes
357:Settlement
329:04°47′36″E
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1241:Muqarnas
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680:Palaces
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614:Algiers
600:History
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377:Founded
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