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407:. He is best known during this time for commanding a company of Englishmen and Native Americans independently of the governor's direction. Church's men were the first colonial force to be successful in raiding the hostile Indians' camps in forests and swamps. During previous decades, colonists had been on the defense against the Natives, who knew their territory intimately. Relations were generally peaceful until 1675, but tensions had been growing as the colonists and their views of property encroached on Indian territory and hunting grounds.
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567:, where he attacked an Androscoggin native village. Church's men shot three or four native men as they were retreating. Church discovered five English captives in the wigwams. Church killed and butchered six or seven prisoners, and took nine prisoners. A few days later, in retaliation, the Androscoggin attacked Church at
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on
December 19, 1675, Church was wounded while serving as an aide to Governor Winslow, the commander of the colonial forces in the battle. Forces of the colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth and Connecticut killed an estimated 300 Narragansett warriors and an unknown number of women and children of the
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Church was allowed to recruit Native
Americans after he and other leaders realized that traditional European military tactics were ineffective in frontier warfare. He also persuaded many neutral or formerly hostile Indians to surrender and join his unit, where they operated skillfully as irregular
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Church paid special care to outfitting, supplying and instructing his troops in ways inspired by indigenous methods of warfare and ways of living. He emphasized the adoption of indigenous techniques, which prioritized small, mobile and flexible units which used the countryside for cover, in lieu of
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had taken place in western
Massachusetts on February 29, 1704, believed conducted by Indians provoked by the French. In addition to killing many settlers, the Abenaki and allies took more than 100 captives overland to Montreal and the Mohawk village south of the river. The captives were often held
505:, including the Abenaki. On the first expedition into Acadia, on September 21, 1689, Major Church (who was promoted to major and given command of the expedition by the Council of War of Plymouth Colony on September 6) and 250 troops defended a group of English settlers in the
688:
While Church left no formal writings on military doctrine, his memoirs provided considerable detail about his practices. Through the study of his military experiences, scholars have summarized his practices according to the following principles:
1203:
The history of King Philip's War ; also of expeditions against the French and
Indians in its Eastern parts of New England, in the years 1689, 1692, i696 AND 1704. With some account of the divine providence towards Col. Benjamin
605:. He was described as weighing approximately 250 pounds, but personally led his troops. They killed the inhabitants of Chignecto, looting their household goods, burning their houses, and slaughtering the livestock.
1225:
Beattie, Daniel J. (1986). “The
Adaptation of the British Army to Wilderness Warfare, 1755-1763”, Adapting to Conditions: War and Society in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Maarten Ultee (University of Alabama Press),
454:
After the Great Swamp Fight, Church and the colonial army were 15 miles from their base in North
Kingstown and had to endure a long march encumbered by dragging their dead and wounded and severe cold.
1811:
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massed frontal assaults by large formations. Church also pioneered the use of indigenous warriors as auxiliaries to bolster and educate his soldiers. In 1716, his memoirs, entitled
1229:
Chet, Guy. “The
Literary and Military Career of Benjamin Church: Change or Continuity in Early American Warfare,” Historical Journal of Massachusetts 35:2 (Summer 2007): 105-112
524:
Church returned to Boston, leaving the small group of
English settlers unprotected. (The following spring, May 1690, over 400 French and native troops under the leadership of
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Church meticulously planned the expedition. He specified the design of whaleboats to be used in the raids and what kind of hatchets his soldiers were to carry. Church took
469:. Upon inspection of Philip's body, Church is quoted as saying "a doleful, great, naked, dirty beast." Metacomet's body, was in accordance with the standard punishment for
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In Church's second expedition a year later, on
September 11, 1690, he commanded 300 men at Casco Bay. His mission was to relieve the English Fort Pejpescot (present day
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415:. After being organized by Church, these troops tracked hostile Indians into the forests and swamps, and conducted effective raids and ambushes on their camps.
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1232:
Chet, Guy (2003). Conquering the
American Wilderness: The Triumph of European Warfare in the Colonial Northeast. University of Massachusetts Press.
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Church was elected to public office as the first representative of Bristol to the Plymouth Colony legislature, serving between 1682 and 1684.
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367:, where he and his wife were eventually buried. Her gravesite is marked by a historically significant gravestone known as a table grave.
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1733:
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Philip Gould. (1996). Reinventing Benjamin Church: Virtue, Citizenship and the History of King Philip's War in Early National America.
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on Purpooduc Point, killing seven of his men and wounding 24 others. On September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
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Building alliances with potential allies (i.e. Native Americans), who may have been overlooked or mistrusted by other commanders.
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1198:, edited by Samuel G. Drake,(Exeter, NH: J & B Williams, 1829); Facsimile Reprint by Heritage Books, Bowie, Maryland, 1989.
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In 1992, in honor of his innovative tactical methods, Church was inducted into the U.S. Army Ranger Hall of Fame. A bronze
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672:, as his translator. Church took prisoners and claimed to have left only five houses standing in Acadia. In the Raid of
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near the Little Androscoggin River. Attacked by the colonial militia under Capt. Benjamin Church in September 1690.
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placed a plaque near Colonel Church's grave in honor of his leadership and bravery during King Philip's War.
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Church's third expedition during the war was in 1692, when he raided the Penobscot territory of (present-day
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Church kept notes on his tactics and operations in 1675-1676. His work was eventually published in 1716 as
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troops. Some of these men had converted to Christianity in settlements before the war. They were known as
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Roger Guillemette, Commissioner - Newport County, Rhode Island Advisory Commission on Historic Cemeteries
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for ransom by families and communities; some of the younger ones were adopted by Mohawk families.
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521:). Although 21 of his men were killed, Church was successful and the hostile natives retreated.
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Pargellis, Stanley McCrory. “Braddock’s Defeat”, American Historical Review 41 (1936): 253-269.
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The war ended eight months later following an operation by Church's company on August 12, 1676.
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of Plymouth Colony. Commissioned by Winslow as a captain on July 24, 1675, he fought during
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in retaliation for Deerfield. This expedition included the following actions: the Raid on
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Pargellis, Stanley McCrory (1933). Lord Loudoun in North America. Yale University Press.
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Thomas Church. Boston. 1716. Edition of 1827, edited by Samuel G. Drake, pp. 245-248.
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The Border Wars of New England, commonly called King William's and Queen Anne's Wars
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Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, Volume Eighteen, Part 2, Second Edition
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The History of Philip's War, Commonly Called The Great Indian War of 1675 and 1676
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Ensuring that soldiers under his command were properly trained, fed, and equipped.
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771:. Dr. Church, thought to have been a staunch Whig, was later arrested by General
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On March 18, 1704 Church was commissioned as a colonel by Massachusetts Governor
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Four years later, Major Church conducted a fourth expedition. He carried out the
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A Rabble in Arms: Massachusetts Towns and Militiamen during King Philip's War
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The History of the Great Indian War of 1675 and 1676, commonly called Philip
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military officer and politician who is best known for his role in innovative
1180:. Plymouth, MA: General Society of Mayflower Descendants. pp. 266–267.
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Understanding how a tactical operation fits in with strategic objectives.
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978:... By Benjamin Church, Thomas Church, Samuel Gardner Drake, pp. 175-176
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A posthumous illustration of Church. The tricorne hat is inaccurate.
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Scott, S. and Scott, T. "Noel Doiron and the East Hants Acadians",
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were militia developed according to the tradition begun by Church.
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Planning each operation in advance, not leaving anything to chance.
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returned to Falmouth and massacred all the English settlers in the
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617:, Church went on his fifth and final expedition into Acadia. The
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to Fort Pejepscot. From there he traveled 40 miles up river to
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and placed in command of a force to raid French settlements in
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264:. Church participated in numerous conflicts which involved the
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to establish a company of Rangers called after the outbreak of
359:. He resided for a period of time in Duxbury before moving to
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489:(1688–97), Church led four New England raiding parties into
351:, he was brought up according to colonial practices on the
890:
The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier.
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Maintaining communications with higher and lower echelons.
435:, illustration from the 1772 edition of Benjamin Church's
355:. Church married Alice Southworth on December 26, 1667 in
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The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier
1207:. By Benjamin Church, Thomas Church, Samuel Gardner Drake
1134:
Richard Church and His Descendants for Four Generations
16:
New England military officer and politician (1639–1718)
276:, which played a major role in ending the conflict.
379:, Church was the principal military aide to Governor
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559:), which had been taken by natives. He went up the
990:
Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
578:) with 450 men. Church and his men went on to raid
547:. The portrait has been identified as English poet
295:allies. He led troops to raid the French colony of
1822:Honors and decorations of the 75th Ranger Regiment
1284:Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War.
1572:43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry (Mosby's Rangers)
1263:, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Winter, 1996), pp. 645–657
702:Using stealth and surprise to tactical advantage.
597:), which was then the capital of Acadia, and the
513:. The British were trying to get established at
1834:
1270:. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005).
1136:: General Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1998
1149:. U.S. Army Ranger Hall of Fame. Archived from
1121:The Journal: The Nova Scotia Historical Society
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939:
761:Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War
321:Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War
307:. Starting his military career at the rank of
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1108:The Entertaining History of King Philips War.
437:The Entertaining History of King Philip's War
1300:(New York: New York University Press, 2009)
1249:New York; W. W. Norton & Company, 2005.
1194:Church, Benjamin, as told to Thomas Church,
796:was affixed to his gravestone to mark this.
248:. He is also known for commanding the first
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763:. Church was the great-grandfather of Dr.
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315:and subsequently to the rank of colonel.
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465:(also known as Metacomet), leader of the
1713:75th Ranger Infantry Regiment (Airborne)
1332:doubts the veracity of Church's memoirs.
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879:
750:
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461:, one of Church's Indian allies, killed
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1792:Ranger Assessment and Selection Program
942:"Blood and Betrayal: King Philip's War"
892:Cambridge University Press. 2005. p. 35
775:as a suspected spy for British General
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708:Leading by example and from the front.
256:, Church was commissioned by Governor
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1219:
668:, formerly held as a captive by the
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1883:People from Plymouth, Massachusetts
1318:Historical Biographies, Nova Scotia
1213:The History of the Great Indian War
1096:The History of the Great Indian War
1074:The History of the Great Indian War
1037:An Androscoggin Indian stronghold (
1017:The History of the Great Indian War
940:Anthony Brandt (October 30, 2014).
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543:that was believed to be of Church.
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849:"Benjamin Church The First Ranger"
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1868:People from colonial Rhode Island
1743:Regimental Reconnaissance Company
1323:Lepore, Jill, "Plymouth Rocked",
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1286:New York: Viking Penguin, 2006.
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331:Benjamin Church was born in the
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252:in North America. Born in the
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1261:Journal of the Early Republic
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591:Siege of Fort Nashwaak (1696)
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156:Androscoggin River expedition
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1843:People of King William's War
497:) against the ethnic French
365:Little Compton, Rhode Island
7:
1693:5th Ranger Infantry Company
1688:4th Ranger Infantry Company
1683:3rd Ranger Infantry Company
1678:2nd Ranger Infantry Company
1673:1st Ranger Infantry Company
1663:Korean War Ranger Companies
806:
676:(1704), he took the leader
545:Yale University Art Gallery
10:
1904:
1848:People of Queen Anne's War
1668:Eighth Army Ranger Company
1367:United States Army Rangers
1176:Wakefield, Robert (2011).
1041:) located on Laurel Hill,
639:St. Stephen, New Brunswick
595:Fredericton, New Brunswick
236:– January 17, 1718) was a
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1147:"Captain Benjamin Church"
1005:– via Google Books.
743:Benjamin Church grave in
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511:Battle of Brackett's Wood
475:hung, drawn and quartered
387:(1675–1678) on the
283:, Church participated in
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801:Society of Colonial Wars
684:Tactics and war doctrine
599:Raid on Chignecto (1696)
493:(which included most of
363:. Church later moved to
1817:Best Ranger Competition
1807:Rangers Standing Orders
1438:Father Le Loutre's War
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357:Duxbury, Massachusetts
281:French and Indian Wars
246:Unconventional warfare
171:Siege of Fort Nashwaak
79:Colony of Rhode Island
1645:29th Ranger Battalion
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1443:French and Indian War
1245:Faragher, John Mack,
1132:Wakefield, Robert S.
1085:Church et al., p. 214
755:Benjamin Church grave
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745:Little Compton Common
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729:Little Compton Common
539:Engraved portrait by
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391:frontier against the
361:Bristol, Rhode Island
311:, he was promoted to
1760:3rd Ranger Battalion
1755:2nd Ranger Battalion
1750:1st Ranger Battalion
1729:75th Ranger Regiment
1625:6th Ranger Battalion
1620:5th Ranger Battalion
1615:4th Ranger Battalion
1610:3rd Ranger Battalion
1605:2nd Ranger Battalion
1600:1st Ranger Battalion
1577:7th Virginia Cavalry
1280:Philbrick, Nathaniel
928:The First Way of War
903:The First Way of War
874:The First Way of War
853:smallstatebighistory
576:Indian Island, Maine
530:Battle of Fort Loyal
266:New England Colonies
99:New England Colonies
1640:6615th Ranger Force
1630:Merrill's Marauders
997:. 1890. p. 156
657:), and the Raid on
244:notably developing
183:Raid on St. Stephen
111:New England Militia
1564:American Civil War
1550:Whitcomb's Rangers
1545:Knowlton's Rangers
1410:King William's War
1385:United States Army
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561:Androscoggin River
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301:King William's War
285:asymmetric warfare
151:Battle of Falmouth
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1210:Church, Thomas.
1187:978-0-930270-20-9
799:The Rhode Island
773:George Washington
643:Raid on Grand Pre
549:Charles Churchill
444:Great Swamp Fight
419:Great Swamp Fight
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377:King Philip's War
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1312:External links
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1306:978-0814797341
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1039:Amitgonpontook
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569:Cape Elizabeth
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649:(present day
648:
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627:Joseph Dudley
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593:(present-day
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459:John Alderman
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45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1873:1630s births
1782:Ranger Creed
1592:World War II
1526:Army Rangers
1422:
1375:
1324:
1297:
1283:
1267:
1260:
1246:
1241:Drake's book
1236:
1212:
1202:
1195:
1177:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1073:
1068:
1063:Drake, p. 69
1059:
1054:Drake, p. 67
1050:
1038:
1033:
1028:Drake, p. 66
1024:
1016:
1011:
999:. Retrieved
989:
983:
975:
971:
963:
958:
946:. Retrieved
935:
927:
910:
902:
897:
889:
873:
868:
858:November 16,
856:. Retrieved
852:
843:
798:
791:
781:
760:
758:
722:
719:
687:
663:
624:
612:
588:
579:
573:
554:
523:
507:Deering Oaks
501:and hostile
484:
456:
453:
441:
436:
427:Portrait of
409:
374:
346:
330:
320:
317:
287:against the
278:
250:ranger units
226:
222:
127:Battles/wars
71:(aged 78–79)
18:
1878:1718 deaths
1705:Vietnam War
1157:November 3,
1001:November 3,
905:, pp. 33-34
777:Thomas Gage
678:Noel Doiron
541:Paul Revere
463:King Philip
442:During the
433:Paul Revere
429:King Philip
389:New England
339: 1639
279:During the
238:New England
234: 1639
50: 1639
1837:Categories
1802:Ranger tab
1655:Korean War
835:References
794:Ranger Tab
731:cemetery.
716:Later life
666:John Gyles
645:, Raid on
637:, Raid on
403:tribes of
327:Early life
293:indigenous
291:and their
95:Allegiance
1535:American
1487:American
659:Chignecto
393:Wampanoag
348:Mayflower
274:Metacomet
270:Wampanoag
208:Signature
1775:See also
1383:and the
1239:. 1910.
1098:, p. 215
1076:, p. 212
948:June 27,
807:See also
674:Pisiguit
670:Maliseet
651:Falmouth
647:Pisiguit
580:Taconock
499:Acadians
105:Service/
55:Plymouth
1562:in the
1397:Rangers
1377:Rangers
962:Drake,
930:, p. 32
876:, p. 33
655:Windsor
613:During
509:at the
485:During
471:treason
405:Indians
397:Nipmuck
375:During
309:captain
299:during
272:sachem
224:Colonel
121:Colonel
1330:Lepore
1304:
1290:
1253:
1226:56-83.
1204:Church
1184:
735:Legacy
631:Acadia
603:Acadia
526:Castin
491:Acadia
401:Podunk
297:Acadia
289:French
107:branch
966:p. 33
495:Maine
431:, by
313:major
1812:RSLC
1302:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1159:2021
1003:2021
950:2021
860:2023
785:and
661:.
653:and
399:and
303:and
117:Rank
66:Died
43:Born
1379:of
601:in
586:).
1839::
1499:,
1475:,
1471:;
1440:,
1435:,
1412:,
1407:,
1282:,
993:.
919:^
881:^
851:.
779:.
641:,
477:.
473:,
395:,
336:c.
231:c.
77:,
57:,
47:c.
1736:)
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1190:.
1161:.
1123:.
952:.
862:.
551:.
229:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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