Berkhamsted - Knowledge

1730:. The town became a link in the growing network of roads, canals and railways. These developments led Berkhamsted's population to expand once again. In 1801, the population of St Peter's parish had been 1,690 and by 1831, this had risen to 2,369 (484 houses). An 1835 description of the town found that "the houses are mostly of brick, and irregularly built, but are interspersed with a fair proportion of handsome residences". The town's population increased as "hundreds of men arrived to build the railway line and needed lodging"; by 1851, the population was 3,395, From 1850 large estates around Berkhamsted were sold, allowing for housing expansion. In 1851 the Pilkington Manor estate, east of Castle Street, was sold, and the land developed both as an industrial area and for artisans' dwellings. In 1868 streets of middle-class villas began to appear on the hill south of the High Street. Lower Kings Road was built by public subscription in 1885 to join Kings Road and the High Street to the station. In 1887, John Bartholomew's 1872: 1156:

sally, seized the baggage and conveyances of the barons and gained possession of the standard of William de Mandeville with which they returned to the castle, regretting that they could do no further injury to them. On the same day, whilst the barons were sitting at table, the knights and soldiers of the garrison again made a sally, and, in order to put the barons in confusion, they carried before them the standard which they had taken a short time before, and thought to come on them unawares, but the latter were forewarned of this, and drove them back to the castle. When the following day dawned Louis ordered the petrarie (stone-throwing machines) and other engines of war to be erected around the city, which being done, they kept up a destructive shower of stones: but Waleran, a German, well tried in warfare, made a brave resistance against them and caused great slaughter amongst the excommunicated French.

3562: 1427: 4184:'s shop with a workshop behind. It is now believed to have been a jettied service wing to a larger aisled hall house, which has since disappeared. It represents an early example of transition in carpentry technology, from the use of passing braces to crown posts. The 13th-century origin of the structure was discovered by chance in 2000 by builders who had begun work on what appeared to be a Victorian property. The shop was, from 1869, Figg's the Chemists; post-restoration (with expertise and a £250,000 grant from English Heritage), the shop is currently used as an estate agency. Dr Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of English Heritage, said "This is an amazing discovery. It gives an extraordinary insight into how Berkhamsted High Street would have looked in medieval times." 93: 3327:(BFI) is an important local employer to the south of Berkhamsted. As in many settlements, local industry has declined and more people commute elsewhere to work. Of the employed residents living in both Berkhamsted and Tring, 35 per cent live and work in the towns, while 65 per cent commute to workplaces away from the towns, particularly to London. Of the 7,100 people who work in Berkhamsted, 58 per cent commute to Berkhamsted to work. In 2011, 9.5 per cent of Berkhamsted residents (aged 16 to 74 in employment) worked mainly at or from home; 52 per cent drove to work by car (2.5 per cent as a passenger in a car); 22 per cent travelled by public transport; and 13 per cent cycled or walked to work. In 2011, an average commute to work was 21 kilometres. 3065:

per cent each for social rented and private rented) compared to a national figure of 34.5 per cent. In 2011, 77 per cent of household spaces in Berkhamsted were houses or bungalows and 23 per cent were flats or maisonettes. 30 per cent of houses and bungalows were detached compared to 22 per cent nationally: 47 per cent of dwellings are semi-detached or terraced, compared to 55 per cent nationally. According to HertsLIS in the third quarter of 2017 the average price of houses and flats in Berkhamsted was £724,900, compared to £474,400 for Hertfordshire, and £304,500 for England. Detached houses were £1,070,600 compared to £424,400 nationally. Berkhamsted was shown as the best place to live in southeast England in the

1743: 73: 3684: 4205: 2876: 1058: 132: 148: 3193: 1271: 2074: 1700:. After the Restoration, the town lost its charter granted by James I and its borough status. The surveyor of Hertfordshire recommended that a new tenant and army officers were needed at Berkhamsted Place "to govern the people much seduced of late by new doctrine preacht unto them by Axtell and his colleagues." The population of the town in 1640 and in the 1690s was estimated at 1075 and 767, respectively. The town was a centre of religious nonconformity from the 17th century: over a quarter of the town were 1906: 84: 3907: 3545: 3252: 2184: 1050: 1301:(1346) was the introduction of this new weapon onto the Western European battlefield. The longbow was a superior weapon to the cumbersome and slower crossbow. The Berkhamsted bowmen successfully took part in this significant battle in medieval Western European history. The Black Prince was supported at the Battle of Crecy by local bowmen Everard Halsey, John Wood, Stephen of Champneys, Robert Whittingham, Edward le Bourne, Richard of Gaddesden and Henry of Berkhamsted (who was rewarded with 2 113: 64: 701: 4005:) UK Memory of the World Register, in 2011. The archive collects, preserves, restores and shares the films and television programmes which have shaped and recorded British life and times since the development of motion picture film in the late 19th century. The majority of the collection is British-originated material, but the archive also features internationally significant holdings from around the world and films that feature key British actors and the work of British directors. 1593: 1897:. However in 1858 the school complained about the state of the children attending from the workhouse. A fever ward was erected in 1855, and a full-time nurse was engaged in 1868. The workhouse system officially came to an end in 1930, and control over the workhouse was given to local council. Nugent House, the Berkhamsted workhouse, finally closed in 1935 and its function was relocated to Hemel Hemspstead. In 1841, the Countess of Bridgewater built a 2702: 4153: 3133: 3466: 4458: 4445: 104: 3946:

decorations of sea waves and shells). Inside is a step "back into the golden age of film" when going to the movies was an experience; the cinema features luxurious seating and two licensed bars. It is managed by its owner James Hannaway, who introduces films. Sometimes there is a question-and-answer session with directors and actors involved in the films; these sessions have included Dame Judi Dench,

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community, the number of vacant shops, and the proportion of 'undesirable' shops such as pawnbrokers and bookmakers. Coming top in the south-east region in Sunday Times 2018 Best Places to Live, Berkhamsted was described as "affluent and attractive; its medieval centre is filled with chic shops and great places to eat", with 76 per cent of shops being independent stores. Berkhamsted has an active

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British, 0.3 per cent were black African/Caribbean or black British and 0.3 per cent were Arab or any other ethnic group. Regarding religious beliefs in 2011, of the 92 per cent of residents who stated a religious preference, 30 per cent were non-religious and 59 per cent were Christian; other faiths included 0.4 per cent Buddhist, 0.5 per cent Jewish, 0.5 per cent Muslim and 0.1 per cent Sikh.

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8.5 per cent in associate professional and technical occupations; 10 per cent were employed in administrative and secretarial occupations; 7 per cent in skilled trades; 6 per cent Caring, leisure and other service occupations; 5 per cent were in sales and customer service occupations; 3 per cent were in process, plant and machine operatives; and 5.5 per cent worked in elementary occupations.

4313:, a centre for First Nation monuments. The completed pole was shipped to Britain and erected at Alsford's Wharf in 1968. Alsford's warehouses were replaced in 1994 by a private housing development which limit access to the pole, so that it can be viewed only at a distance from the public road. It is one of only a handful of totem poles in the United Kingdom, others being on display at the 2262:(to the north and south). The surviving burgage plot layout is the result of a comprehensive plan carried out at the beginning of the 13th century, most probably instigated by Geoffrey fitz Peter. The town centre slowly developed over the years and contains a wide variety of properties that date from the 13th century onwards. The modern town began to develop after the construction of the 899:

water mills near Mill Street in use from the late 9th century, show that an Anglo-Saxon settlement existed in the centre of modern-day Berkhamsted. The nearest known structural evidence of the Anglo-Saxon period are in the south and west walls of St Mary's Northchurch, one mile (two kilometres) to the north-west of modern Berkhamsted. The church may have been an important

1645:(162 ha) of the Berkhamsted and Northchurch Commons, but was prevented from doing so by William Edlyn of Norcott. The castle's park, which had reached 1,252 acres (507 ha) by 1627, was broken up over the next two decades, shrinking to only 376 acres (152 ha), to the benefit of local farmers. In 1643, Berkhamsted was visited by a violent pestilential fever. 4270: 1621:, a local school, and other buildings in the late 16th century. Brewing and maltings was noted as one of the town's principal industries in the reign of Elizabeth. Around 1583, a new market house was erected west of St Peter's Church at the end of Middle Row (alternatively named Le Shopperowe or Graball Row). The market house was destroyed in a fire in 1854. 918:). The parish of this church (and later that of St Peter's) was an enclave of about 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) surrounded by Berkhamsted St Mary's parish. By the 14th century the adjoining village of "Berkhamsted St Mary" or "Berkhamsted Minor" name had become "North Church", later "Northchurch", to distinguish the village from the town of Berkhamsted. 3012:

Rural District. These changes came into force on 15 April 1898. The first meeting of the Great Berkhampstead Urban District Council was held on 15 April 1898, with David Osborn being elected the council's first chairman. The Great Berkhampstead Rural parish ceded land to the urban district in 1935 and was abolished two years later, being split between

2844:. Parish councils were also established under the act, to take over the civil functions of the old vestries. The new parish councils came into being on 31 December 1894 if an election had been needed to choose the first parish councillors, as was the case at Berkhamsted. The first meeting of the parish council was held on 31 December 1894 at the 3032:

telephone number in the directory. The spelling "Berkhamsted" was also the more commonly used by this time. The change of name to "Berkhamsted Urban District" was agreed, and came into effect on 19 July 1937. The neighbouring Berkhampstead Rural District followed suit a few months later, becoming Berkhamsted Rural District on 1 November 1937.

4221:, Dean of St Paul's, founded Berkhamsted School.) A 15th century half-timbered house, the interior has original exposed timber framing and several Tudor wall paintings. The building incorporates part of an even older structure and was used as public meeting place before the Court House was built. The house is not normally open to the public. 2046:

housing was built at Gossoms End. Development on the north side of the valley was limited until the sale of the Ashridge estate in the 1930s, after which housing appeared at each end of Bridgewater Road. In the second half of the 20th century, many of the old industrial firms in Berkhamsted closed, while the numbers of commuters increased.

2061:). In February 1947 the Government purchased 5,910 acres (2,392 ha) of land and began construction. As a result Hemel Hempstead's population increased from 20,000 to over 90,000 today, making it the largest town in Hertfordshire. In 1974, the old hundred of Dacorum became the modern district of Dacorum formed under the 1366:. The arrival of Neville and her household at Berkhamsted had a significant social and financial impact on the town. Men and women from the town joined her service, such as Robert Incent who became her secretary and whose memorial brass can still be seen in St Peter’s Church in Berkhamsted. Mother to both Edward IV and 763:(such as: "Berkstead", "Berkampsted", "Berkhampstead", "Muche Barkhamstede", "Berkhamsted Magna", "Great Berkhamsteed" and "Berkhamstead".) The present spelling was officially adopted in 1937 when the local council formally changed its name from Great Berkhampstead to Berkhamsted. The town's local nickname is "Berko". 3124:, 12 per cent of residents had no qualifications, 10 per cent reached level 1, 13 per cent achieved level 2, 2 per cent had apprenticeship qualifications, 10 per cent were level 3 and 49 per cent achieved level 4 or above. In 2018 the Sunday Times found 76 per cent of young people went on to higher education. 2165:, near Hemel Hempstead. Rich in eels and other fish, it was fast-moving and full, and prone to frequent localised flooding. The river created a marsh environment (at times referred to as an 'unhealthy swamp') in the centre of the valley. The river powered the watermills (recorded in 1086) and fed the three 3335:"successful" shopping environment and providing a good "range of specialist shops and numerous cafes, restaurants and pubs", together with the "strong supermarket" offering set in "well-crafted re-configured streetscape". The long high street had 100 per cent retail occupancy, independent traders and a " 3945:

for the Shipman and King circuit. Closed in 1988, the cinema was extensively restored in 2004 and has become a thriving independent local cinema. The Rex frequently has sold-out houses for evening showings, the cinema is a "movie palace with all the original art deco trimmings" (its interior features

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The oldest extant church locally is St Mary's in the adjacent village of Northchurch. Between 1087 and 1104, there is reference to a chaplain called Godfrey and to a chapel of St James with parochial status within St Mary's Berkhamsted's parish. The chapel situated close to St Johns, located close to

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In 2011 the marital and civil partnership statuses of residents aged 16 and over were as follows: 28 per cent single, 56 per cent married, 0.1 per cent in a registered same-sex civil partnership, 2 per cent separated, 8 per cent divorced or legally dissolved same-sex civil partnership, and 6 per cent

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the average cost of a home in Berkhamsted was £696,949. The majority of sales in the town were detached properties, with an average selling value of £1,076,244. The average terraced dwelling price was £563,291 and the average semi-detached properties went for £657,436. Overall, in 2021 property house

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or shield with a castle of three towers each domed Azure flying from the two outer towers a banner Argent charged with a cross Gules all within a bordure Sable bezanty. The border is derived from the arms of the Duchy of Cornwall, as Berkhamsted Castle was part of that estate from the beginning under

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After reducing the castle of Hertford, Louis marched on St Nicholas's day (6 December) to the castle of Berkhamsted and surrounded it with his engines of war. Whilst the English barons, after pitching their tents, were employed in setting them in order, the knights and soldiers of the garrison made a

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Castle Street began life as the medieval lane from the town's high street to the drawbridge of the royal castle. At the other end of the lane was the parish church of St Peters. In the 16th century, next to the church, Berkhamsted school was founded, while in the 17th century there were seven public

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Berkhamsted also became a centre for the construction of the barges needed for the canal trades. A yard for building canal barges and other boats, between Castle Street and Raven's Lane wharves, was one of three important boatyards in Hertfordshire. It was owned by John Hatton until 1880 and then by

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of England (r. 955–959), who bequeathed large estates in five counties, including Berkhamsted. The location and extent of early Saxon settlement of Berkhamsted is not clear. Rare Anglo-Saxon pottery dating from the 7th century onwards has been found between Chesham Road and St John's Well Lane, with

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The remains of a villa were found close to the river in 1973 in the adjacent village of Northchurch. The oldest building, made of timber, was built in AD 60, rebuilt using stone in the early 2nd century, and enlarged to a ten-room building around AD 150. The house may have been empty for a

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The majority of Berkhamsted's eighty-five listed or scheduled historical sites are on in the high street and the medieval core of the town (a significant number of them contain timber frames). Four are scheduled, one is Grade I, seven are Grade II*, the remaining 75 are Grade II. In addition to the

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The town benefits from having a large National Trust Common and woodland on its long north-east edge. Running east–west through the centre of the town, along the town's length the Grand Union Canal (once an important trade artery) today it provides an open space with recreational opportunities, and

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Incent financed the foundation of Berkhamsted school from the combined revenues of the town's two medieval hospitals, St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist, which he had closed down in 1516. In 1523 he took the lands of the two former hospitals and joined them to his own land, donating the

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and adjacent earthworks. Most of the raw materials used to build the railway were transported by the canal. The present station was built in 1875 when the railway was widened. It is unusual, on its line, in that most of the original buildings have been retained. The 'large trunk station' is located

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In 1908 the urban district council acquired a builder's yard and former Wesleyan chapel at 135 High Street (renumbered 161 High Street around 1950) to act as its offices and meeting place. By the 1930s the council needed more space. In 1936 the council bought the shop adjoining the old chapel. Both

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In 1909 Sunnyside and later in 1935 Northchurch were added to Berkhamsted Urban District. Shortly after 1918 much of the extensive estate belonging to Berkhamsted Hall, at the east end of the High Street, was sold; many acres west of Swing Gate Lane were developed with council housing. More council

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reaffirmed Berkhamsted's borough status with a charter. Following surveys in 1607 and 1612 the Duchy of Cornwall enclosed 300 acres (121 ha) from the Common (now known as Coldharbour farm) despite local opposition led by Rev Thomas Newman. In 1639 the Duchy tried to enclose a further 400 acres

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to extend the castle's park by 65 acres (26 ha), eventually producing a park covering 991 acres (401 ha). In the 15th century, the town was reaffirmed as a borough by a royal charter granted by Edward IV (1442–1483), which decreed that no other market town was to be set up within 11 miles

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The Swan, 139 High Street, contains the remains of a medieval open hall. Parts of the roof date from the 14th century, and the street range was extended and a chimney stack added c. 1500. It sits on the ancient junction with the old Roman road of Akeman Street (High Street) and the main route

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125 High Street, a house and shop opposite St Peter's Church, is a timber-framed building with a wing that is one bay of a 14th-century open hall. The layout suggests that it once had a second bay of similar size – a length of 26 feet (8 m) in all. This was an unusually large house;

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courts, swimming pool and outdoor all-weather pitch. This facility is complemented by dual use of the leisure facilities of Ashlyns School and Berkhamsted Collegiate School. A deficit in leisure space is compounded by a high level of sports participation locally and consequent heavy use of outdoor

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now passes south-west of Berkhamsted. A study of car ownership in Berkhamsted, Northchurch and Tring found that 43–45 per cent of households had two or more cars, compared to the county average of 40 per cent and the national average of 29 per cent. Conversely, the proportion of households who did

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According to HertsLIS in 2011, 76 per cent of Berkhamsted residents between the ages of 16 and 74 were employed (of which: full-time, 43 per cent; part-time, 13 per cent; self-employed, 14 per cent); and 24 per cent economically inactive (retired, 13 per cent; long-term sick/disabled, 2 per cent).

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estimated the working age population of Berkhamsted (males and females aged 16 to 64) as 11,400, i.e. 62 per cent of the town's population. People from Berkhamsted were employed as follows: 17.5 per cent worked as managers, directors and senior officials; 27.5 per cent professional occupations and

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and other UK government departments) has the following data regarding the 7,363 households in Berkhamsted in 2011. 72 per cent of homes were owner occupied (34 per cent owned outright and 38 per cent owned with a mortgage) compared to 63 per cent for England. 26.5 per cent of homes were rented (13

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In 1893 the town petitioned for the creation of a local board covering both Berkhamsted and Northchurch parishes, which would make it independent of the rural sanitary authority. An inquiry was held by a government inspector in December 1893, but he advised against the scheme. Hertfordshire County

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in Berkhamsted, and a parliamentary report of 1777 refers to a parish workhouse for up to 34 inmates in Northchurch. A small "wretched, straw-thatched" house was used to house poor families in Berkhamsted, on the corner of what is now Park View Road, until it was demolished in the 1820s. In 1831 a

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churches in the town – 'St Michael and All Angels' (Sunnyside)(original building 1886) and 'All Saints' Church & St Martha's' (built in 1906, to cater for the growing population in the west end of the town). In 1842 a detached churchyard to St Peter's Church was established, using land to the

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of 1000 retail locations in the UK carried out by Harper Dennis Hobbs, Berkhamsted was ranked as the 16th best shopping location in the country; in 2021, it ranked 9th. The index measured the quality of retail locations, including factors such as how well the retail mix met the needs of the local

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and a baker/butcher. In the 14th century, Berkhamsted (recorded as "Berchamstede") was considered to be one of the "best" market towns in the country. In a survey of 1357, Richard Clay was found to own a butcher's shop twelve feet (four metres) wide, William Herewood had two shops, and there were

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of organic remains from within the motte indicates that it was probably built post-1066 (a dyke builder is recorded in the town at the time of the Domesday Book). The castle was a high-status residence and an administrative centre for large estates (including the Earldom of Cornwall). Through the

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Efforts to make the town independent of the rural district council continued. Eventually it was agreed that the parish would be split into a "Great Berkhampstead Urban" parish, which would become an urban district, and a "Great Berkhampstead Rural" parish, which would remain in the Berkhampstead

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for the local poor within the ruins of Berkhamsted Castle. The soup kitchen was used by an estimated 15 per cent of the population of Berkhamsted (about 500 people) during the winter months, until at least 1897. The building still stands connected to the cottage in the castle grounds; why it was

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Grassroots Silver Award in 2015 for their work across the local community. The club, in 2023, had more than 1,300 affiliated players, including 250 girls in 94 youth teams plus Senior, Veterans, Ladies, Walking Football and Inclusive Football sections. In 2022, the Club was awarded the Herts FA

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in 1805. Castle Wharf, the port of Berkhamsted, on the south side of the canal between Ravens Lane and Castle Street, was the centre of the town's canal trade, navigation and boat building activities. It was a hub of the country's inland water transport system, linking the ports and industrial

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Looking at broad ethnic heritage in 2011, HertsLIS data found that 90 per cent of residents were described as white British. Of the remainder, 1 per cent were Irish, 4 per cent were of other white origin, 1.7 per cent were described as mixed or multiple ethnic, 2.1 per cent were Asian or Asian

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Until 1937 the official name of the council's area was the "Great Berkhampstead Urban District". At a meeting on 15 April 1937 the council discussed whether to change the name. It was commented that the inclusion of the "Great" in particular caused problems for people looking for the council's

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and King Harold. The Domesday survey records that there was enough land for 26 plough teams, but only 15 working teams. There were two flour mills (Upper and Lower Mill), woodland for 1,000 pigs, and a vineyard. The total population was calculated to be either 37 or 88 households; the families

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when the London to Birmingham railway was built in 1836–37. The townscape was shaped by the Bulbourne valley, which rises 300 feet (91 metres) on either side at its narrowest point; the residential area is elongated and follows the valley's topography. The southwest side of the valley is more

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has been settled for over 5,000 years. The discovery of a large number of worked flint chips provides Neolithic evidence of on-site flint knapping in the centre of Berkhamsted. Several settlements dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age (about 4500–100 BC) have been discovered south of

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found Berkhamsted's High Street to be a "vibrant" and "bustling" road, which "worked extremely well as a quality high street." They considered the layout for the street to be exemplary for its time (it was put in place after the bypass was built in the early 1990s), creating a "pleasant" and

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Club competes in the Herts League and in 2015 it ran twenty-five separate teams. The club is based at the Berkhamsted Community Cricket and Sports Club, Kitcheners Field, Castle Hill, Berkhamsted. The nine Berkhamsted and Hemel Hempstead Hockey Club teams are based just outside the town at

4001:. With over 275,000 feature, non-fiction and short films (dating from 1894) and 210,000 television programmes, it is one of the largest film archives in the world. Two of the archive's collections were added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation ( 1104:, who held it till 1165. Becket was later alleged to have spent over £300 on improvements to the castle, a claim that led Henry to accuse him of corruption and may have contributed to his downfall. Henry II extensively used the castle, making it one of his favourite residences. Both 3225:

centres of the country. Goods transported included coal, grain, building materials and manure. Timber yards, boating wharves, breweries, boat building and chemical works flourished as a result of the canal, with over 700 workers employed locally. It is still known as the

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developed, with side streets running up the steep hillside; on the northeast side, the ground gently slopes down to the castle, railway, canal and small river, was less available for development. Today, Berkhamsted is an affluent, "pleasant town tucked in a wooded fold in the

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determined that pulling down a fence was no more violent an act than erecting one. The case, he said, rested on the legality of Brownlow's action in building the fence and the legal right of people to use the land. He ruled in favour of Smith. This decision, along with the

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in the second half of the century, and in 1700, there were 400 Baptists recorded as living in Berkhamsted. Three more shops are mentioned in the row next to the church, and the Parliamentary Survey of 1653 suggests that the area near the Market House was used for butchery.

4552:, believed that the town was once an important Mercian settlement. Two medieval ditches have been excavated in recent years, both of which were discovered on Bridgewater Road, north of the river, that may have been part of a ditch that surrounded the early medieval town. 317: 3523:, London. It was the first children's charity in the country and a precedent for incorporated associational charities everywhere. The school moved to its purpose-built location in Berkhamsted in 1935. The residential home side at Berkhamsted closed following the 1410:

The town continued to develop separately on the old Akeman Street 0.4 miles (0.6 km) to the south of the castle and to the west of St Peter's Church; with a triangle formed by Mill Street, Castle Street and Back Lane pointing towards the castle. In 1156,

3323:) were the town's largest employers; these are both situated in Berkhamsted Castle ward. The Berkhamsted West ward (especially around Billet Lane, close to the canal and railway) is where most of the town's small to medium-sized industrial firms are located. 1477:

In 1217, Henry III recognised by royal charter the town's oldest institution, Berkhamsted's pre-existing market. Trades within medieval Berkhamsted were extensive: early in the 13th century the town had a merchant, two painters, a goldsmith, a forester, two

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Union" was formed in June 1835 covering ten parishes centred on the town. The Union took over the existing Berkhamsted parish workhouse, and by August 1835 it had become the sole workhouse for the union. The workhouse had no schoolroom, so in 1849 the

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community in Berkhamsted, dates from 1640 making it one of the oldest nationally; first gathering in secret, they built a large chapel in 1722, and moved to their current place of worship at the junction of Ravens Lane on the High Street in 1864. A

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bequest of £1,000 by the Revd George Nugent led to a new parish workhouse being set up on the site of a workhouse which had operated in a row of tenements on the High Street (at the Kitsbury Road junction) known as Ragged Row. The "Berkhampstead

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with 5-foot (1.5 m) steel fences (built by Woods of Berkhamsted) in order to claim the land as part of his family's estate. In response to the enclosure action and in defence the historic right of the public to use the ancient common land,

1765:), the milling and turning of wood was the town's most prominent industry in the 19th century. The Crimean War contracts for supplying the army with lance poles and tent pegs led to major expansion. The largest manufacturer was East & Sons. 914:, through Northchurch and Berkhamsted to the former hamlet of Bourne End. Within Berkhamsted, the Chapel of St James was a small church near St John's Well (a 'holy well' that was the town's principal source of drinking water in the 1490:, tool makers, a manufacturer of roofing tiles and wine producers. In the mid–13th century, a banker, the wealthy Abraham of Berkhamsted, financier to the Earl of Cornwall, lived in the town; this was unusual for a small town in a 4617:

The market had been in existence since at least 1086. It was originally held on a Sunday, but by this charter it was changed to Monday, as the rector of the new St Peter's Church objected to the noise. The market is now held on a

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William Costin until 1910, when it was taken over by Key's, the timber merchants which in 1969 was bought by another timber merchant J. Alsford before being redeveloped into flats in 1994. At this site, next to the canal, is the

4394:, commons and chalk downland on a Chiltern ridge just to the north of Berkhamsted. Ashridge has been featured many times in film and television series due to its distinction as an area of natural beauty. Scenes were filmed for 1837:

Henry Lane's nurseryman business, founded in 1777, became one of the largest employers in the town in the 19th century. Extensive nurseries are shown on the 1878 Ordnance Survey 25 inch plan, at the western end of the

1132:(the size of which reflects the growing prosperity of the town); two hospitals, St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist (one of which was a leper hospital), which survived until 1516; and for the layout of the town. 6680: 5976: 4693: 3069:'Best Places to Live 2018' list, with the average prices of different types of homes in Berkhamsted ranging from £273,760 for starter homes to £999,920 for family homes, with rents from £850 to £2,490 per calendar month. 2199:. The Urban Nature Conservation Study (UNCS) recognises the town's hinterland as a biodiversity resource. The hills gently rise to an undulating and open plateau, which has a mix of arable farmland, common land and mixed 7393: 3850:, a prolific Anglo-Irish writer of adults' and children's literature who was a significant figure in the evolution of the novel in Europe, lived in Berkhamsted as a child in the 18th century. Between 1904 and 1907, the 4257:(built in 1859, extended in 1890 and restored in 1983–1999), was built by public subscription from Berkhamstedians. It comprised a market hall (now the Copper House restaurant), a large assembly hall and rooms for the 2097:-depositing marine environment. The town is located in a narrow northwest to southeast valley falling from 590 feet (180 m) above sea level to 344 feet (105 m). The valley is at the southernmost limit of the 2257:

The layout of Berkhamsted's centre is typical of a medieval market settlement: the linear High Street (aligned on the Akeman Street) forms the spine of the town (roughly aligned east–west), from which extend medieval

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The Great Berkhamsted Gas, Light & Coke Co., at the junction of Water Lane and the Wilderness, was set up to provide street lighting in 1849. In 1906, the Berkhamsted Gas Works moved to Billet Lane; it closed in

9693: 4238:

in Berkhamsted for 20 boys and 10 girls. The front was rebuilt in 1854 in Jacobean-style red brick; it is not clear if any part of the building predates 1854. In 1875, the pupils were transferred to the

4500:, and it is the most extensive of them. It gives much more detail on slave and land ownership in this period than any other document, and shows that a woman could have considerable wealth. The will is written on 4246:

The site now occupied by the Pennyfarthing Hotel dates from the 16th century, having been a monastic building used as accommodation for religious guests passing through Berkhamsted or going to the monastery at

1862:

The Great Berkhamsted Waterworks Company was set up in 1864 on the High Street (on the present site of W.H. Smith and Boots). Mains drainage was first supplied in 1898–99, when effective sewerage was installed.

756:, meaning "hilly place". The latter part, "hamsted", derives from the Old English word for homestead. So the town's name could be either mean "homestead amongst the hills" or the "homestead among the birches". 869:

A Roman-British villa, dyke, and temple were found 1.25 miles (2.0 km) NNW of the castle, near Frithesden, at the edge of the Berkhamsted Golf Course. Excavations in 1954 revealed masonry foundations and

1612:

on 29 December 1539). The population of the town in 1563 has been estimated at only 545. In 1580, the castle ruins and the park were leased by Elizabeth I to Sir Edward Carey, for the nominal rent of one red

4199:

To the northwest of Berkhamsted stand the ruins of Marlin's Chapel, a 13th-century chapel next to a medieval fortified farm. The walls and moat surrounding the modern farm still remain and are reputed to be

3770:

The town has a strong Non-conformist tradition, in 1672 a survey found that there were 400 Anglian conformists and 150 Non-conformists in Berkhamsted, when such beliefs could bring you foul of the law. The

4725: 7445: 3165:

of France carried on a romance with Polly Page, the innkeeper's daughter). The town's historic high street is now the A4251. A bypass, originally proposed in the 1930s, was opened in 1993 and the main

3451:. In 1988, the school merged with Berkhamsted School for Girls (another large independent school in the town), which had been founded in 1888. The school has 1,500 fee-paying pupils, aged 3 to 18. 4285:

sits adjacent to the canal, close to Castle Street Bridge. In the early 1960s, Roger Alsford, a great-grandson of the founder of the timber company, James Alsford (1841–1912), went to work at the

818:

became a major iron production centre, now considered to be one of the most important late Iron Age and Roman industrial areas in England. Iron production led to the settlement of a Roman town at

4188:

its size and central position suggests a manor house or other high status house, possibly supporting the castle. The building underwent extensive alterations in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

3170:

not own a car was 14–20 per cent (about 7 per cent lower than the national average). Local bus routes passing through Berkhamsted town centre provide links to Hemel Hempstead, Luton, Watford and

3527:, when family-centred care replaced institutional care. In 1951 Hertfordshire County Council took over running the school. The large school contains stained glass windows, especially around the 3507:, a philanthropic ship's captain, was appalled by the abandoned babies and children starving and dying in London. He campaigned for a hospital to accommodate them and was successfully granted a 1128:

of England (effectively the king's principal minister) held the Honour and Manor of Berkhamsted from 1199 to 1212. During his time in the castle he was responsible for the foundation of the new

826:

at Dellfield (one mile (two kilometres) northwest of the town centre) provide evidence of industrial activity in Berkhamsted. Production ceased at the end of the Roman period. Other evidence of

7478: 4265:(based in Hemel Hempstead) there were plans to demolish the building; these plans were stopped in the 1970s and 1980s by a ten-year citizens' campaign, which eventually ended at the High Court. 1008:. Some historians have argued that the number of 52 burgesses in Berkhamsted was a clerical error, as it is a large number for a small town. Berkhamsted was described in the Domesday Book as a 1518: 7635: 3758:. There are two altar tombs with alabaster effigies dating from the 14th century: the tombs are of a knight (thought to be Henry of Berkhamsted, one of the Black Prince's lieutenants at the 4030:

to repurpose the Rectory Lane Cemetery - as one of 12 sites across the country sharing £32m. The grant is to restored heritage features and create a new green community space in the town.

1196:, relinquishing his claim to the English throne and surrendering French-held castles including Berkhamsted. Walerand went on to hold several other posts including the senior position of 759:

Through history spellings of the town's name have changed. Local historian Rev John Wolstenholme Cobb identified over 50 different versions of the town's name since the writing of the

3094:

1.5 per cent of Berkhamsted households included a person with a long-term health problem or disability, while nationally this figure is 4.05 per cent. In April 2013, according to the

2833:

Council therefore did not pursue it, although did comment that an urban authority covering just the town itself rather than the two whole parishes might be more favourably received.

1985:

organised local people and 120 hired men from London's East End to dismantle the fences on the night of 6 March, in what became known nationally as the Battle of Berkhamsted Common.

7361: 5663: 3576:, the former stately home of the Duke of Bridgewater, set in 190 acres (77 hectares) of rolling parkland, two miles outside Berkhamsted. The house occupies the site of the earlier 7792: 6687: 5983: 4700: 1085:

helped fuel Berkhamsted's growth, prosperity and sense of importance. It created jobs for the local population, both within the castle itself and also, for example, in the large

121:

Berkhamsted. From top to bottom: Berkhamsted Old Town Hall, St Peter's Church, Berkhamsted Castle, Ashridge, Berkhamsted Totem Pole and Grand Union Canal, Berkhamsted High Street

972:

and the leaders of London. It is not known why the town was chosen as the meeting place, except that it was in a defensive location north-west of London. William was crowned in

8439: 7401: 3636:. For its first 15 years it was a "College of Citizenship", established to help the party develop its intellectual forces in struggles with socialist organisations such as the 1423:, William I and Henry I, and freed the town's merchants from all tolls and dues. The charter also stated that no market could be set up within 7 miles (11 km) of the town. 4018:

through the town. Other long standing public green spaces are the castle and Butts Meadow. In 2016 The Friends of St Peter's Berkhamsted received £907,000 in a grant from the

1771:

An offshoot of the timber industry. The largest employers were Goss Brushworks at the west end of the High Street (closed 1930s) and T.H. Nash in George Street (closed 1920s).

1192:) ordered his constable to surrender the castle to Louis on 20 December. Following the siege at Berkhamsted Louis suffered several defeats. 11 September 1217 Louis signed the 11257: 2009:, helped to ensure the protection of Berkhamsted Common and other open spaces nationally threatened with enclosure. In 1926 the common was acquired by the National Trust. 1390:. In 1834, construction of the railway embankment demolished the castle's gatehouse and adjacent earthworks. Today the castle ruins are managed by a charitable trust, the 5294: 1875:

The 19th century soup kitchen built inside Berkhamsted Castle (part now used as the castle visitor centre) at the entrance next to the cottage within the castle's bailey.

8651: 4297:

community. Alsford's brother, William John Alsford, visited the island, and in gratitude for the local people's hospitality, commissioned a totem pole from the Canadian

4224:

The Court House, next to the church, dates from the 16th century, and is believed to lie on the site of the medieval court where the Portmote or Borough Court was held.

4069:, which had been established in 1895. Founded in 1996, Berkhamsted Raiders CFC football club was recognised as the FA Charter Standard Community Club of the Year at the 2825:

of poor law unions were made responsible for public health and local government for any part of their district not included in an urban authority. As Berkhamsted had no

1777:

provided a considerable economic stimulus to the town, enabling the development of industries which involved bulk transport of materials. These included timber and malt.

1147:), the French laid siege to Berkhamsted Castle (only a quarter of a mile from the town centre) in late December 1216. The queen's constable of the castle was the German 857:

was subdivided into a series of farming estates. The Berkhamsted area appears to have been divided into two or three farming estates, each including one or more masonry

5774: 5664:"4/01211/12/MFA – Redevelopment And Alterations To Provide Mixed Retail Development With Associated Car Parking, Servicing, Landscaping And Other Associated Works" 5335: 1028: 10157: 11340: 10106: 1557:

in 1283, two miles (three kilometres) away and within the castle's park. At the foundation of the abbey, the Earl donated a phial claimed to contain Christ's blood.

830:

occupation and activity in the Berkhamsted area, includes a pottery kiln on Bridgewater Road. The town's high street still follows the line of the Roman-engineered

3272:

immediately next to Berkhamsted Castle on one side and overlooks the Grand Junction Canal on the other. The station is situated 28 miles (45 km) north-west of

9743: 1953:

played an important part in the preservation of common land nationally. After 1604 the former Ashridge Priory became the home of the Edgerton family. In 1808–1814

620:. Modern Berkhamsted began to expand after the canal and the railway were built in the 19th century. In the 21st century, Berkhamsted has evolved into an affluent 1509:, a cook, a seller of salt and a huntsman. At this time, larger houses of merchants and castle officials appeared on the south side of the high street (including 10417: 4065:

Division One Central, part of the 8th Level in the English League (the town's football ground is at Broadwater). The team was formed in 2009 after the demise of

5748: 3738:

plan, with an 85-foot (26 m) clock tower at the crossing and measures 56 yards (51 m) from the west door to the east window, and the width across the

2793:

at Hertfordshire County Council was won with 51.8 per cent of the vote by the Liberal Democrat Nigel Taylor, compared to the Conservative vote of 29.8per cent.

980:, who after William became the largest landholder in the country. Robert built a wooden fortification that later became a royal retreat for the monarchs of the 194: 4736: 2720: 365: 357: 9934: 9571: 8464: 7452: 3436: 3283:

One and a half million journeys are made annually to and from Berkhamsted, the vast majority by commuters to and from London. Principal services, operated by

11307: 8736: 3842:

was born in Berkhamsted Rectory in 1731. Although he moved away when still a boy, there are frequent references to the town in his poems and letters. In the

221: 6894: 5182: 3675:. Ashridge is the only UK specialist business school with degree-awarding powers, giving it the equivalent status to a university in awarding its degrees. 1338:– oversaw renovation work on the castle in his role as Clerk of the Works at Berkhamsted. It is unknown how much time he spent at Berkhamsted, but he knew 807:, are found on the south side of the Bulbourne Valley. Another Iron Age dyke with the same name is on Berkhamsted Common, on the north side of the valley. 4561:

Edmer Ator was evidently a senior landholding noble who had held 36 places over 7 counties prior to the Norman conquest, as recorded in the Domesday Book.

3796:

arrived with the hundreds of men who came to build the railway, via various places of worship, today they share All Saints' Church with the Anglians. The

2790: 9645: 2774: 2283:

Traveling on the high street away from the town, along the Bulbourne valley south-eastwards towards London, the A4251 road passes through the village of

2266:

in 1798. The canal intersects the river at numerous points, taking most of its water supply and helping to drain the valley. The locality became further

8088: 7883: 7715: 3495:

Primary schools are: Victoria (founded in 1838), Bridgewater, Greenway, St Thomas More, Swing Gate, Thomas Coram and Westfield. The secondary school is

11247: 8704: 7486: 8054:

Local Government Board Order 37,522: The County of Hertford (Berkhampstead Saint Peter) Confirmation Order, 1898, coming into operation 15 April 1898

6988: 3707:, and in 1222, Robert de Tuardo, was registered as the first known rector. Because of the church's proximity to the castle, the reigning monarch was 2029:. Their training included trench digging: 8 miles (13 km) of trenches were dug across the Common (of which 1,640 feet (500 m) remain). The 9791: 5455: 1917:

on Berkhamsted Common was at least 350 years old. In 1866, it was at the centre of the battle of Berkhamsted Common. It was noted by the naturalist

11232: 8780: 5249: 3102:(unemployment benefit) in Berkhamsted's South West Hertfordshire parliamentary constituency was 1.7 per cent, compared to 7.8 per cent for the UK. 341: 10391: 8302: 5403: 5054: 877:

Two flint and tile walls from a Roman building were found north of Berkhamsted Castle in 1970. The construction of the castle's earthworks in the

9882: 6149: 4234:

The Bourne School, at 222 High Street, was the legacy by Thomas Bourne (1656–1729) (Master of the Company of Framework Knitters) to build a

3781: 3449:"when ye said school was thus finished, ye Deane sent for ye cheafe men of ye towne into ye school where he kneeling gave thanks to Almighty God" 1933: 1871: 1757:

In the mid-18th century, Berkhamsted had been noted for turned wood products. Based on the extensive woodland resources of the area (principally

10863: 9908: 8202: 4156:

173 High Street, one of several buildings in the town that have medieval origins, it is the oldest jettied timber building in the United Kingdom

1274:

The castle's bailey viewed from the Norman motte (Enlarged: A train can be seen passing close to the castle, with the town to the south beyond.)

9619: 8582: 8515: 7771: 5726: 3267:. Though the castle was the first building to receive statutory protection from Parliament, the railway embankment obliterated the old castle 608:

After the castle was abandoned in 1495, the town went into decline, losing its borough status in the second half of the 17th century. Colonel

11333: 11227: 5082: 4310: 2742:

Berkhamsted has a town council, the first tier of local government that represents the local people to two higher tiers of local government,

814:

territory. The Bulbourne Valley was rich in timber and iron ore. In the late Iron Age, a four-square-mile (ten-square-kilometre) area around

9080: 7656: 4534:

importance or in the existence of a pre–Norman conquest fortification (there is reference to land called "Oldeburgh"). The Anglo-Saxon word

9860: 4081:

There is a sports centre off Douglas Gardens, managed by EveryoneActive. The facilities comprise a large indoor multi-purpose sports hall,

1328:

lived in the castle after he deposed Richard, and he used the castle to imprison others attempting to obtain the throne. During this time,

7570: 6792: 4648:

Also referred to as portmanmoot or portmoot. The name had Anglo-Saxon origins; the court had aspects both of court and of council meeting.

4227:

Sayer's Almshouses, were the legacy of John Sayer, chief cook to Charles II, at 235–241 High Street, comprise a single-storey row of

11267: 8387: 6338: 3716: 3561: 2848:

in Berkhamsted, with the first chairman of the parish council being Arthur Johnson, who was the rector of St Peter's Church in the town.

2246:. Agriculture is more dominant to the south of the town; close to the Buckinghamshire border there are two former large country estates, 1491: 1387: 9671: 9204: 8832: 8273: 5946: 1442:

The town became a trading centre on an important trade route in the 12th and 13th centuries, and received more royal charters. In 1216,

4773: 4402: 3812:

worshiped at their original Church of the Sacred Heart in Park View Road, they moved to a larger modern church in 1980 on Park Street.

3767:

rear of Egerton House (where the Rex cinema now stands) on Rectory Lane. It expanded to 3.275 acres and was phased out of use in 1976.

2867: 2057:("New Towns" were satellite urban developments around London to relieve London's population growth and housing shortages caused by the 401: 17: 5105: 3734:

The parish church of St Peter, which stands on the high street, is one of the largest churches in Hertfordshire. The church is in the

11262: 11252: 9507: 8912: 8489: 4134: 3692:

St John's Lane, was the base for a small community of monks, the Brotherhood of St John the Baptist, in the 11th and 12th centuries.

2025:

trained men from the legal profession as officers. Over the course of the war, 12,000 men travelled from Berkhamsted to fight on the

1426: 1004:

included 14 villagers, 15 smallholders, 6 slaves, a priest, a dyke builder (possibly working on the earthworks of the castle) and 52

8415: 803:(1200–100 BC) bank and ditch, sixteen feet (five metres) wide by seven to thirteen feet (two to four metres) high and known as 12192: 11326: 4411: 3605: 3230: 1954: 8806: 7896: 2117:

fen. In the 6th Millennium BC the dense deciduous forest became well established. By the Mid to late 3rd millennium BC during the

11349: 11193: 10959: 10211: 10161: 9468: 6613: 6122: 6093: 5842: 5570: 5539: 5487: 4855: 4208:

Dean Incent's House, residence of John Incent (1480–1545), Dean of St Paul's Cathedral and founder of Berkhamsted School in 1541.

3233:(the "Canal Duke" and "father of the inland waterway system"), lived in Ashridge, near Berkhamsted. The canal became part of the 303: 9263: 874:

floors. Together, the villa, dyke and temple form a unique complex, suggesting occupation in the late Iron Age and Roman period.

147: 11237: 11215: 9391: 7547: 7209: 5305: 3700: 1824:

in sheep. He formulated an innovative arsenic and sulphur sheep-dip. The Cooper family firm was later inherited by his nephew,

1813: 1121: 10767:

Rowe, Anne (2007). "The distribution of parks in Hertfordshire: Landscape, lordship and woodland". In Liddiard, Robert (ed.).

8658: 5869: 3503:

with 1,200 pupils aged 11 to 19 years; it is a specialist language college. The school started in the 18th century, when

3443:. The school's oldest building, the Old Hall, was built in 1544 and is Grade I listed. Contemporary records state that Incent 1718:

In the 17th and 18th centuries Hemel Hempstead, with its thriving market, eclipsed Berkhamsted as the major town in the area.

10795: 10776: 10757: 10738: 10634: 10615: 10593: 10555: 10456: 8229: 7531: 7298: 7187: 6041: 5778: 4911: 3704: 3511:"for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Children" in 1739. Three years later, in 1742, he established the 3369: 3319:

In 1986, farming, service and light industry were characteristic local employers. In 2015, schools and retail (predominantly

3296: 3288: 2736: 1129: 334: 7276: 3531:, a staircase and many monuments from the original London hospital. The school's chapel formerly housed an organ donated by 3153:, a main thoroughfare between London and Aylesbury; it was notorious for its rutted and pitted state, even after becoming a 11272: 10805:

Sherwood, Jennifer (2008). "Influences on the growth of medieval and early modern Berkhamsted". In Wheeler, Michael (ed.).

8997: 7918: 5027: 4141: 4137:(formerly Mix 96.2) on 92.2 FM and community based stations, Radio Dacorum and Tring Radio which both broadcast online. 3969:, had occupied the site at the east end of the high street for 350 years. The house was occupied briefly (1904–07) by 2724: 9157: 6705: 4591:

The patronymic is sometimes rendered "Fitz Piers", since he was the son of Piers de Lutegareshale, forester of Ludgershal.

4161:

sites noted in the article above (such as the castle and schools) the following structures and locations are of interest:

2813:

which covered the town and the surrounding parts of western Hertfordshire, as well as parts of Buckinghamshire. Under the

1632:), who leased the property to his tutor, Thomas Murray, and his wife, Mary Murray, who had been his nurse and Lady of the 10900: 10833: 10814: 10653: 10574: 10517: 10475: 6490: 6255: 6073: 5219: 4963: 4574:

the Tring Hundred merged with the Danais Hundred, "which overlapped it", to form the Dacorum Hundred. Danais referred to

4240: 4115: 2786: 2243: 1894: 1794:

The construction of the canal had helped to drain the marshy areas along the valley of the River Bulbourne. In 1883, the

329: 2362:

at (13.9 miles (22 km) distant). Following the Chiltern Hills northwards, to the north-northwest is the village of

92: 11302: 10917: 10852: 10216: 9473: 6098: 5847: 5575: 5544: 4990: 4860: 4375: 4204: 3655:, an American business school with campuses in seven cities around the world. Its activities include open and tailored 3652: 3421:"one chauntry perpetual and schools for boys not exceeding 144 to be called Dean Incent's Free School in Berkhamstedde" 3403: 3300: 2215:, the largest in the Chilterns at 1,055 acres (427 ha), and forming a large arc running from Northchurch, through 2196: 1035:

believed that the 52 burgesses were involved in trade, but it is unknown if the burgesses existed before the conquest.

524: 10421: 7320: 6866: 5680: 2037:—the welfare of the people is the highest law—and states that the ashes of Colonel Errington were buried nearby. 1175:

During the siege, Prince Louis introduced a new destructive siege engine to England at Berkhamsted, the counterweight

1139:(1215), King John's reneging on the royal charter, the castle was besieged during the ensuing civil war, known as the 823: 10719: 10497: 10260: 9694:"Penis-shaped map of Berkhamsted goes viral and accidentally boosts family-friendly Canal and River Trust's campaign" 9438: 6876: 4521:

This left an exclave of the St Mary's parish, which later became the village of Bourne End, southeast of Berkhamsted.

4027: 3121: 1988:

Lord Brownlow brought a legal case against Smith for trespass and criminal damage, Smith was aided in his defence by

475: 346: 9719: 8607: 6544: 3077:

prices in Berkhamsted were four per cent up on the previous year and five per cent up on the 2018 peak of £661,336.

605:

timber-framed building in Great Britain, built between 1277 and 1297, survives as a shop on the town's high street.

11297: 11292: 11282: 9938: 9534: 7188:"Berkhamsted Castle and the Countess of Bridgewater's soup house: magic kingdoms and heterotopias in Hertfordshire" 3308: 2785:

elections the political composition of the council changed to Liberal Democrat 10; Conservative 3; Green 2. In the

1726:, Berkhamsted was well placed at a gateway through the Chilterns, between the markets of London and the industrial 1625: 1318: 651:

at King's Hill, which is one of the largest film and television archives in the world. Schools in the town include

383: 9838: 8938: 7236: 5793: 3047:

to the old urban district council. The town council continues to be based at the Civic Centre at 161 High Street.

2411: 12187: 12154: 11242: 4424: 2288: 2001: 1825: 1661: 1601: 1521:

with an estimated population of 2,000 to 2,500. In 1355, there were five butchers, two bakers, nine brewers, two

1363: 1314: 1197: 903:, attached to a high status Anglo-Saxon estate, which became part of the medieval manor of Berkhamsted after the 617: 393: 291: 257: 10922: 4578:

settlers in the area. A monk writing about this area described it as "the Hundred of the Danes", using the word

2809:

until the nineteenth century, in the same way as most rural areas. In 1835 Berkhamsted was made the centre of a

2781:

elections the political composition of the council was Conservative 12; Liberal Democrat 3. Following the 2019

1898: 1027:

argued that Robert, Count of Mortain intended Berkhamsted to be both a commercial and a defensive centre; while

910:

The parish of Berkhamsted St Mary's (in Northchurch) once stretched five miles (8.0 km) from the hamlet of

10969: 3797: 3593: 3489: 3411: 3095: 3086: 3061: 2374:(5.4 miles (9 km) distant); finally located to the north-east of the town are the villages and hamlets of 2121:

period (the New Stone Age) human activity can be seen in wood clearances; the woodland being then dominated by

1989: 1742: 1252: 976:

on Christmas Day, 1066. After his coronation, William granted the "Honour of Berkhamsted" to his half-brother,

8629: 6989:

Historic Building Assessment: site adjacent to 3 & 4 Church Gates, Church Lane, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire

5816: 1561:

from all over Europe passed through the town to see the holy relic. The abbey grew quite wealthy as a result.

11287: 9042: 7862: 4667: 4601: 4165: 3197: 2089:

throughout eastern and southern England, believed to have formed between 84 and 100 million years ago in the

2006: 1510: 187: 9366: 5158: 3750:

style common in that period. Further additions were made up until the 15th century; in 1871, it underwent a

3174:. Services include the 30, 31, 62, 207, 500 (Aylesbury and Watford), 501, 502 and 532. Buses are managed by 3140:

showing Berkhamsted on the route of the Sparrows Herne turnpike. From Bowles's Post Chaise Companion of 1782

11210: 8039: 6456: 6431: 6379: 4435: 4379: 4279: 3589: 3304: 3175: 3150: 2995: 2747: 2239: 2227:

and Berkhamsted Golf Club. Beyond the common is the 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) historic wooded parkland of

1997: 1550: 1446:

relieved the men and merchants of the town from all tolls and taxes everywhere in England, and the English

1232: 1020: 961: 680: 72: 9214: 3624:

described it as the "largest of the romantic palaces near London ... a spectacular composition". In 1928,

3427:

18 months after his school opened. To protect the school from legal challenges, it was incorporated by an

2840:, rural sanitary districts became rural districts on 28 December 1894, and so the town became part of the 1565:

held parliament at the abbey in 1290 and spent Christmas there. Berkhamsted burgesses sent two members to

956:, "laying waste" while travelling through southeast England. At Berkhamsted, he received the surrender of 11959: 11015: 10952: 10528: 8718: 8361: 7743: 4368: 3683: 3292: 3246: 2026: 1978: 1885: 1693: 822:, about two miles (three kilometres) northwest of Berkhamsted. Four Roman first century AD iron smelting 804: 598: 10054: 8683: 7596: 7368: 4826: 3804:, their Hope Hall opened in 1875, which was rechristened the Kings Road Evangelical Church in 1969. The 995:, the lord of Berkhamsted before the Norman conquest was Edmer Ator (also referred to as Eadmer Atule), 10395: 6313: 5414: 3966: 3747: 3349: 3324: 2841: 2030: 1927: 1600:

In the 16th century, the town fell into decline after abandonment of the castle following the death of

1219:. Richard redeveloped the castle as a palatial residence and the centre for the administration of the 927: 904: 322: 9020: 8251: 3711:

of Berkhamsted rectors for several centuries. In 1648, St Peter's Church was requisitioned during the

1798:

congratulated Mr Bedford on having converted the remaining "dirty ditches and offensive marshes" into

1293:, spent their honeymoon in Berkhamsted. Under Edward the Black Prince, Berkhamsted become a centre of 891: 12005: 12000: 11939: 11658: 11427: 9912: 5513: 3470: 3263:

and local landowners was resolved, the first Berkhamsted railway station was built by chief engineer

3040: 3036: 3013: 2837: 2759: 2755: 2284: 2150: 2062: 1722:

Berkhamsted barely extended beyond the medieval triangle and the High Street. With the coming of the

1435: 1306: 1032: 492: 388: 4582:. The word was later incorrectly transcribed as "Danicorum" and subsequently shortened to "Dacorum". 11799: 11513: 11503: 11447: 11277: 4545: 4470: 4333:. The carvings on the totem pole represent four figures from First Nations legend: at the top sits 4330: 4286: 4176:

of structural timbers to between 1277 and 1297. The building was originally thought to have been a

4126: 4070: 4062: 3792:

church at St Andrew's United Reformed Church on the corner of Castle Street and Chapel Street. The

3609: 3099: 3025: 2880: 2782: 2778: 2347: 2291:

of Hemel Hempstead (8 miles (13 km) distant). To the south south-east is the large village of

1570: 1282: 977: 953: 586: 271: 10132: 9597: 6715: 3572:(formerly Ashridge Business School/Ashridge Executive Education) is located in the Grade I listed 2770:. Berkhamsted accounts for just over 12 per cent of the district's population of 153,300 in 2017. 1117: 944:

in October, he failed in an attempt to capture London from the south. William led his army around

12092: 12087: 11814: 11739: 11553: 11533: 11103: 10927: 10692: 9122:

Berthezène, Clarisse (2005). "A glimpse at the archives of a Conservative intellectual project".

8541: 5803: 5693: 5456:

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment : Castle Wharf, Bridge Street Berkhamsted Hertfordshire

5356: 5056:

Quarterly Return: Births, Deaths and Marriages registered in the quarter ended 31st December 1937

5037: 5022: 4298: 4262: 4258: 3629: 3516: 3454: 2743: 2694:

Near-real-time weather information can be retrieved from Berkhamsted Weather Station page on the

2339: 2142: 1546:

four other shops eight feet (two metres) in length. In 1440, there is a reference to lime kilns.

1066: 1057: 911: 10681: 4668:"Community Profiles – Summary Profile Selection: Berkhamsted Geo-type: Large Settlements A to B" 4414:, a tall Doric column with urn (a Grade II* listed building), stands in a grove within Ashridge. 3492:

education system, but reverted to the two-tier system of primary and secondary schools in 2013.

683:, a business school offering degree level courses, which occupies the Grade I listed neo-Gothic 11914: 11909: 11899: 11894: 11874: 11864: 11849: 11834: 11779: 11708: 11673: 11653: 11643: 11493: 11143: 10945: 8758: 7574: 4575: 4214: 4094:

routes, including traffic-free off-road routes in Ashridge Estate. The town was visited by the

3998: 3974: 3970: 3601: 3565:

Spire of chapel at the Grade 1 Ashridge House, showing the Natural Trust Ashridge Estate behind

3532: 3440: 3392: 3339:". The Academy considered the good working collaboration between individual businesses and the 3273: 2732: 2367: 2022: 1628:

for £4,000. Henry died later that year, and bequeathed the house to his brother Charles (later

644: 8180: 7006: 6245: 6031: 4980: 3866:

was born in Berkhamsted and educated at Berkhamsted School, alongside literary contemporaries

2049:

After the Second World War, in July 1946, the nearby town of Hemel Hempstead was designated a

1684:

in 1649. During Cromwell's Protectorate, he appropriated Berkhamsted Place. Shortly after the

12197: 12128: 12020: 11944: 11919: 11889: 11869: 11789: 11508: 11473: 11468: 11222: 11063: 11025: 10990: 9239: 8961: 8307: 8277: 7521: 6831: 6063: 5940: 4953: 4639:, which suggests that an older parish church before St Peter's was built in the 13th century. 4632: 4505: 4371: 4250: 4019: 3785: 3780:

community is present in the town from the second half of the 17th century, they opened their

3751: 3597: 2968: 2875: 2845: 2826: 2706: 2162: 1689: 1609: 1569:

in 1320, 1338 and 1341, but the town was not represented again. In the mid-14th century, the

1566: 1310: 1113: 965: 933: 574: 551: 538:. The earliest written reference to Berkhamsted was in 970. The settlement was recorded as a 10080: 8543:

The London and Birmingham railway, with the home and country scenes on each side of the line

6121: 6008: 4800: 4508:, and the original still exists; an American consortium bought it in 1969, and it is now in 2805:, but lost this status in the seventeenth century. The town was then governed by its parish 2235:'s hunting park, it is now managed by the National Trust. Ashridge is part of the Chilterns 1305:

a day and appointed porter of Berkhamsted Castle after he saved the prince's baggage at the

1096:

After Robert, Count of Mortain, the castle passed to his heir William, who rebelled against

957: 12177: 11758: 11488: 8493: 8366:

Economic Wellbeing Profile : Selection: Berkhamsted Geo-type: Large Settlements A to B

5109: 4777: 4396: 3994: 3924:

as "absolutely awe-inspiring", the Rex was declared Britain's Best Cinema in the inaugural

3895: 3851: 3834: 3388: 3284: 3277: 3205: 2263: 1817: 1677: 1629: 1542: 1474:

to whom Edward III wrote in 1332, and Berkhamsted merchants sold cloth to the royal court.

1443: 1420: 1375: 1334: 1285:, who expanded the hunting grounds. The castle was used to hold royal prisoners, including 1204: 1189: 1144: 1140: 1105: 1000: 664: 648: 640: 613: 203: 7394:"Exhibition and commemorative walk marks anniversary of battle to save Berkhamsted Common" 7045: 3846:, Cowper became a cult figure and Berkhamsted was a place of pilgrimage for his devotees. 866:

period, reoccupied in the 4th century, and abandoned in the late 4th or early 5th century.

8: 12102: 11929: 11904: 11768: 11688: 11175: 11010: 9416: 8303:"Hertfordshire property: Why Berkhamsted is proving so popular with potential homeowners" 7814: 5295:"Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of Land at Gossoms End, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire" 4302: 4254: 4130: 4066: 3916: 3755: 3724: 3656: 3581: 3407: 3396: 2141:, runs through the valley for 7 miles (11 km) in a southeast direction, starting at 2098: 1982: 1685: 1640:

wrote in 1616 that the making of malt was then the principal trade of the town. In 1618,

1562: 1530: 1430:

Tomb of Henry of Berkhamsted (who served under Edward the Black Prince at the battles of

1412: 1355: 1325: 1248: 1240: 1228: 1220: 1208: 1166: 1148: 1069: 722: 582: 6955: 1358:

owned the castle, the latter making use of it until he was overthrown in 1461. In 1469,

1281:

further developed the castle and gave it (as part of the Duchy of Cornwall) to his son,

1211:, was given the manor and castle, beginning the long association of the castle with the 11608: 11457: 11185: 11000: 10283: 9139: 7986:

Hertfordshire County Council: Suggested Local Board for Berkhampstead and Northchurch,

5069:

Great Berkhampstead Urban District renamed to Berkhamsted Urban District, 19 July 1937.

4735:. Chilterns Conservation Board and Buckinghamshire County Council. 2009. Archived from 4605: 4391: 4334: 4322: 4309:

pole, 30 feet (9 m) high and 3 feet (1 m) in diameter, was carved by Hunt at

3875: 3625: 3617: 3512: 3481: 3372: 3365: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2232: 2105:

soils in the valley bottom and chalk, clay and flint on the valley sides. In the early

2101:

ice erosion throughout the Chiltern scarp, giving it a smooth rounded appearance, with

2054: 1701: 1641: 1497:

A 1290 taxation list mentions a brewer, a lead burner, a carpenter, leather workers, a

1455: 1351: 1264: 1097: 1086: 1073: 1044: 941: 783: 672: 656: 652: 578: 563: 550:

in 1086. The most notable event in the town's history occurred in December 1066. After

239: 31: 9769: 5491: 3687:

The Anglican Parish Church of St Peter's, Berkhamsted, established in the 13th Century

3457:, an independent school founded in 1922, has 150 pupils between the ages of 5 and 19. 3445:"builded with all speed a fair schoole lartge and great all of brick very sumptuously" 3161:

thrived along its route, including, in Berkhamsted, the King's Arms (where the exiled

3060:

The Hertfordshire Local Information System (HertsLIS) website (based on data from the

2109:

period (Middle Stone Age, mid to late 8th millennium BC), the local upland was mostly

1581: 1431: 1298: 11744: 11648: 10937: 10896: 10879: 10848: 10829: 10810: 10791: 10772: 10753: 10734: 10715: 10698: 10668: 10649: 10630: 10611: 10589: 10570: 10551: 10534: 10513: 10493: 10471: 10452: 9143: 8557: 7527: 6872: 6486: 6251: 6069: 6037: 5215: 4986: 4959: 4549: 4478: 4407: 4015: 3997:'s "The J. Paul Getty, Jr. Conservation Centre" in Berkhamsted is the archive of the 3887: 3809: 3801: 3712: 3524: 3500: 3428: 3264: 3234: 3192: 2170: 2090: 1914: 1657: 1618: 1587: 1399: 1339: 1286: 1193: 1162: 1024: 973: 810:

In the late Iron Age, before the Roman occupation, the valley would have been within

9986: 6506: 5910: 2829:

or other urban authority, it was therefore included in the rural sanitary district.

2242:(SAC), a nationally important nature conservation area, and is also designated as a 12182: 12077: 11854: 11412: 10826:

A County of Small Towns: the Development of Hertfordshire's Urban Landscape to 1800

10807:

A County of Small Towns: the Development of Hertfordshire's Urban Landscape to 1800

10207: 9960: 9464: 9165: 9131: 8274:"Berkhamsted named best place to live in South East of England by The Sunday Times" 8013: 6994:(Report). Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd. November 2004. p. 12. 6974: 6970: 6899: 6432:"1346: The Battle of Crécy How Berkhamsted's Bowmen decided the Hundred Years' War" 6089: 5873: 5838: 5566: 5535: 4851: 4477:, in the United States. The latter presented a gavel and block on 4 July 1976, the 4294: 4290: 4173: 4058: 4023: 3942: 3931: 3825: 3668: 3633: 3621: 3340: 3162: 3044: 2728: 2371: 2173: 1961:. In 1848 the estate passed to the Earls Brownlow, a branch of the Egerton family. 1681: 1665: 1395: 1343: 1329: 1216: 1212: 937: 900: 787: 594: 581:

was a favoured residence of royalty and notable historical figures, including King

555: 440: 296: 11318: 7840: 6911: 3573: 1386:

In 1833, the castle was the first building to receive statutory protection in the

775:

An Early Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 to 1300 BC) copper chisel found in Berkhamsted

684: 12066: 11980: 11698: 11663: 11588: 11402: 11108: 11035: 10928:

The above society's Collection of Old Photographs of Berkhamsted and its citizens

9744:"Boost to cemetery transformation project in Berkhamsted after appointments made" 9088: 8392: 7748: 6481:

Richards, Jeffrey (1995). "The role of the railways". In Wheeler, Michael (ed.).

4885: 4541: 4318: 4119: 4095: 4091: 3962: 3847: 3759: 3720: 3696: 3577: 3260: 3017: 2802: 2751: 2407: 2383: 2324: 2304: 2134: 2018: 1922: 1820:

who arrived in Berkhamsted in the early 1840s and experimented in treatments for

1669: 1605: 1554: 1459: 1294: 1236: 1109: 1013: 1005: 791: 632: 567: 543: 512: 488: 247: 9135: 5183:"Berkhamsted Police Station Berkhamsted Hertfordshire Archaeological Evaluation" 4540:

hints at a pre-conquest fortification. The notable early 20th century historian

1902:

placed outside the town and inside the ruins of the historic castle is unknown.

1100:

and lost the castle to the king. In 1155 Henry in turn gave it to his favourite

12031: 12010: 11638: 11583: 11563: 11148: 9816: 7324: 7243: 4387: 4360: 4314: 4235: 4082: 3938: 3871: 3867: 3839: 3829: 3805: 3728: 3637: 3549: 3496: 3477: 3336: 3209: 3120:

widowed or surviving partner from a same-sex civil partnership. Looking at the

2810: 2300: 2272: 2224: 2086: 2082: 1993: 1905: 1890: 1723: 1676:

in English history, and commanded the Parliamentary Guard at the trial of King

1260: 668: 628: 520: 7949: 7519: 7165: 6681:"Berkhamsted Conservation Area Character Appraisal & Management Proposals" 5977:"Berkhamsted Conservation Area Character Appraisal & Management Proposals" 5250:"343–351 High Street, Berkhamsted Herts. Desk-Based Archaeological Assessment" 3906: 3544: 3251: 1049: 83: 12171: 12112: 12082: 12056: 12046: 11985: 11618: 11613: 11407: 11353: 11170: 11138: 10975: 10538: 8537: 8115: 8078:

Ministry of Health Order No. 80108: The County of Hertford Review Order, 1935

7214: 7078: 7004: 6903: 5935: 4306: 3947: 3879: 3863: 3843: 3645: 3569: 3537: 3508: 3416: 3171: 2767: 2614: 2259: 2081:

Berkhamsted is situated 26 miles (42 km) northwest of London within the

1965: 1918: 1649: 1633: 1416: 1101: 992: 831: 827: 760: 700: 636: 621: 609: 590: 570: 547: 535: 484: 416: 403: 229: 168: 10702: 10672: 8388:"Unemployment: the key UK data and benefit claimants for every constituency" 7423: 7007:"The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" 6956:"Discipline and ordination at Berkhamsted General Baptist Church, 1712–1718" 6119: 4694:

Berkhamsted Conservation Area Character Appraisal & Management Proposals

3132: 2275:"; with a large section of the settlement protected as a conservation area. 2211:

woodland. On the northeast side of town are the Berkhamsted and Northchurch

1505:, a butcher, a fishmonger, a barber, an archer, a tailor, a cloth-napper, a 112: 63: 11970: 11879: 11573: 11568: 11523: 11498: 11387: 10606: 9987:"Full Freeview on the Hemel Hempstead (Hertfordshire, England) transmitter" 9961:"Full Freeview on the Crystal Palace (Greater London, England) transmitter" 8342:. Community Information and Intelligence Unit, Hertfordshire County Council 8205:. Community Information and Intelligence Unit, Hertfordshire County Council 7865:. Community Information and Intelligence Unit, Hertfordshire County Council 4982:

The Book of English Place Names: How Our Towns and Villages Got Their Names

4674:. Community Information and Intelligence Unit, Hertfordshire County Council 4462: 4364: 4086:

sports pitches. Berkhamsted and the surrounding area has a variety of road

3978: 3926: 3855: 3789: 3504: 3213: 3158: 3066: 2387: 2312: 2308: 2267: 2247: 2138: 1727: 1719: 1708: 1526: 1467: 1402:(which still officially owns the site), and are freely open to the public. 1290: 949: 811: 676: 496: 10883: 4345:(a type of ceremonial shield); Sunman stands on the fearsome witch-spirit 2183: 627:

The town's literary connections include the 17th-century hymnist and poet

12097: 12041: 11924: 11819: 11754: 11628: 11538: 11442: 11432: 11133: 11093: 11078: 11068: 6618:

Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales To 1516 Hertfordshire

4636: 4571: 4497: 4474: 4341:, who has outstretched arms representing the rays of the sun and wears a 4338: 4218: 3988: 3955: 3891: 3735: 3613: 3376: 2355: 2335: 2146: 2130: 2094: 2077:

Berkhamsted and Northchurch from the air, looking south across the valley

1973: 1637: 1592: 1574: 1534: 1502: 1487: 1447: 1367: 1136: 1082: 1078: 1053:

View across the Inner moat towards the bailey walls of Berkhamsted Castle

985: 969: 936:

at Berkhamsted in early December 1066. After William defeated and killed

915: 878: 843: 815: 729: 660: 559: 531: 516: 131: 10238: 4168:

is a Victorian façade hiding what is considered to be the oldest extant

4046:, playing their matches on their astroturf pitch at the club grounds in 3415:

enlarged estate towards the creation of a school. In 1541 he obtained a

2073: 1466:

brought prosperity to Berkhamsted from the 12th century until the early

1270: 612:, captain of the Parliamentary Guard at the trial and execution of King 12036: 11678: 11548: 11528: 11422: 11128: 11073: 9264:"Hertfordshire HER & St Albans UAD: St Peter's Church, Berkhamsted" 8465:

Tring, Northchurch and Berkhamsted Urban Transport Plan – Volume 1

5950:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 782. 5722: 4509: 4326: 4282: 4253:, a Victorian gothic market house and town hall, designed by architect 4228: 4111: 4107: 3951: 3921: 3883: 3731:

was christened in St Peter's, where his father John Cowper was rector.

3672: 3664: 3641: 3520: 3221: 2695: 2375: 2220: 2192: 2158: 2126: 2106: 1832: 1799: 1538: 1522: 1463: 1278: 854: 796: 749: 704: 8470:(Report). Prepared by AECOM for Hertfordshire County Council. May 2013 8103:

County of Hertford (Berkhampstead Rural District Parishes) Order, 1936

4152: 3043:

of Dacorum on 1 April 1974. Berkhamsted Town Council was created as a

2701: 2334:

Along the A4251 and valley northwestwards is the adjoining village of

2176:

castle, that stands close to the centre of the town where a small dry

721:

The earliest recorded spelling of the town's name is the 10th century

12133: 11995: 11975: 11949: 11934: 11859: 11839: 11829: 11723: 11593: 11518: 11392: 11382: 11160: 11154: 11123: 11098: 11020: 11005: 10932: 4628: 4181: 4047: 4043: 3982: 3859: 3793: 3708: 3585: 3424: 3255:

Berkhamsted's current railway station, next to the Grand Union Canal.

3217: 3154: 3137: 3073: 2391: 2379: 2359: 2343: 2296: 2292: 2216: 2122: 2118: 2058: 1969: 1910: 1880: 1821: 1809: 1359: 1256: 1244: 1177: 1125: 835: 819: 779: 281: 8492:. Intalink Partnership, Hertfordshire County Council. Archived from 8116:"Berkhamsted: Urban Council's Enterprise - An important development" 6738: 6736: 5939: 5540:"Berkhamsted Common Romano-British villa, dyke and temple (1020914)" 3465: 2386:. The nearest large settlements to the north of Berkhamsted are the 1964:

In 1866, Lord Brownlow of Ashridge House (encouraged by his mother,

1746:

Former buildings of Cooper & Nephews on Ravens Lane, Berkhamsted

1313:

inherited Berkhamsted Castle in 1377 and gave it to his favourites,

11990: 11844: 11809: 11804: 11734: 11703: 11693: 11578: 11543: 11483: 11417: 11397: 11113: 11088: 10012: 4889: 4356: 4346: 4177: 3935: 3832:

at Berkhamsted Castle from 1389 and based his Doctor of Phisick in

3763: 3739: 3320: 3268: 3180: 3166: 2328: 2320: 2228: 2204: 2102: 2050: 1968:) in an action similar to many other large estate holders tried to 1958: 1697: 1582:

Castle abandoned, the town in decline (16th to late 18th centuries)

1451: 1371: 1183: 1090: 800: 508: 10869:(Report). Historic Environment Unit, Hertfordshire County Council. 5775:"'Essentially an historical play': Berkhamsted pageant play, 1922" 2113:

woodland and the low area of central Berkhamsted probably a grass-

1470:. Four wealthy Berkhamsted wool merchants were amongst a group in 1061:

A view of the castle motte, moat, middle bank and outer earthworks

12138: 12051: 11794: 11784: 11749: 11713: 11683: 11633: 11623: 11603: 11598: 11558: 11478: 11372: 11361: 11180: 11118: 11053: 11030: 10995: 8230:"Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire — best places to live in the UK 2018" 7116: 6772: 6733: 6483:

Ruskin and Environment: The Storm-cloud of the Nineteenth Century

6341:. 2014 Magna Carta 2015 Committee / HCL Technologies. 23 May 2014 6123:"Normal for Normans? Exploring the large round mounds of England" 4912:"Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. Best Places to Live in the UK, 2019" 4457: 4350: 4169: 4087: 4038: 4034: 3772: 3743: 3473: 3098:

on benefit claimants by constituency, the number of claimants on

3028:

was built on the site, which formally opened on 14 October 1938.

2951: 2363: 2316: 2251: 2212: 2200: 2154: 1941: 1558: 1514: 1498: 1479: 1251:

took the castle; he subsequently granted it to his second queen,

1038: 981: 871: 602: 504: 500: 263: 211: 10646:

Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500

10176: 10033: 7520:

Berkhamsted Local History & Museum Society (15 March 2013).

7148: 7146: 7133: 7131: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7028: 7026: 7024: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6793:"The "extraordinary" market that put Hemel Hempstead on the map" 5411:

A survey of the iron working industry in England 700BC to 1600AD

4374:

built between 1808 and 1814. Since 2015 it has been the home of

1405: 1231:, died in the castle in 1260. Richard was succeeded by his son, 1143:, between John and barons supported by Prince Louis (the future 890:

The earliest written reference to Berkhamsted is in the will of

12107: 11884: 11824: 11083: 7424:"Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire: Where the Law was Trained for War" 6649: 6526: 6524: 5888: 5214:(2nd ed.). Princes Risborough, UK: Shire. pp. 19–20. 4531: 4501: 4449: 4444: 4002: 3890:

both lived in Berkhamsted. The comic character Ed Reardon from

3808:

tradition from the 17th to 20th century appears to be limited,

3788:

can be traced back to 1780, they now worship combined with the

3777: 3528: 2806: 1653: 1506: 1471: 1224: 945: 895: 103: 10809:. Hatfield, UK: Hertfordshire Publications. pp. 224–248. 10107:"CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISALS AND POLICY STATEMENTS" 9180: 7716:"Berkhamsted backlash against 'lowering the tone with a Lidl'" 6596: 6594: 6592: 6577: 6215: 6213: 5954: 5646: 5644: 5437: 5435: 5378: 5272: 5270: 4627:

For many centuries, the Berkhamsted town fair was held on the

3742:

is 30 yards (27 m). The oldest part of the church is the

11668: 11437: 11165: 10309: 10297: 9770:"Lottery cash for Charlton and Milburn boyhood football park" 8558:"The Grand Junction Canal – London's Long-distance Link" 7501: 7143: 7128: 7097: 7021: 6892:

Thomson, Alan (2004). "Axtell, Daniel (bap. 1622, d. 1660)".

6807: 6748: 6639: 6637: 6635: 5602: 5139: 4536: 4293:. During a strike, he was rescued from starvation by a local 4269: 4051: 3930:

film awards in 2014. Built in 1937, the Rex is recognised by

3784:

in 1818 on the High Street opposite St John's Well Lane. The

3552:

as "the only structure in Berkhamsted worth a second glance".

3548:

The Grade 1 Listed Berkhamsted School Old Hall, described by

3402:

Incent was noted as one of the agents of the Lord Chancellor

2763: 2395: 2351: 2236: 2208: 2177: 2114: 1762: 1758: 1302: 1227:, is included in Berkhamsted's coat of arms. Richard's wife, 1017: 996: 858: 771: 745: 455: 9488: 9281: 8859: 8857: 8737:"London's super suburbs: the most valuable property markets" 8093:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1937. p. 276 8044:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1898. p. 289 7695: 7046:"Market Towns Of Hertfordshire (from SDUK Penny Cyclopedia)" 6521: 4496:Æthelgifu's will is one of only seventeen existing wills in 4118:

TV transmitter and the local relay transmitter situated in

3838:

on John of Gaddesden, who lived in nearby Little Gaddesden.

1879:

In 1725 "An Account of Several Workhouses" records a parish

601:

town, with a thriving local market. The oldest-known extant

491:, 26 miles (42 km) north-west of London. The town is a 449: 8833:"Queen helps celebrate Berkhamsted School's 475th birthday" 8339: 6589: 6210: 6154:

Radiocarbon dates from 10 castle mounds – results of year 1

5641: 5571:"Site of Roman building, N of Berkhamsted Castle (1005253)" 5432: 5267: 4386:). The surrounding country estate is a park managed by the 4074: 3433:

The Free Schole of King Edwarde the Sixte in Berkhampstedde

3395:

in London from 1540 to 1545 (during the early years of the

2719:

Berkhamsted is within the UK parliamentary constituency of

2366:; situated to the north of Berkhamsted are the villages of 2254:. The ancient woodland at Dickshills is also located here. 2191:

The countryside surrounding the town includes parts of the

2166: 2110: 1614: 1483: 717:], one of the many archaic spellings of the town's name 464: 10550:(revised ed.). Hatfield: Hertfordshire Publications. 10530:

Two Lectures on the History and Antiquities of Berkhamsted

9883:"Sir Geoff Hurst hails the heroes of grass-roots football" 9220: 8881: 7400:. Johnston Publishing Ltd. 12 October 2015. Archived from 7166:"The Workhouse - Berkhampstead/Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire" 6632: 6250:. Sydney, Australia: St Thomas More Society. p. 146. 6082: 4337:, the trickster and creator deity; he sits on the head of 3608:, affectionately known as the Father of Inland Navigation. 3535:. The school was used a backdrop to the 2007 comedy film, 3149:

In 1762, this section of Akeman Street became part of the

1656:'s apprentice, played a zealous and prominent part in the 790:

and Roman artefacts show that the Berkhamsted area of the

9861:"Berkhamsted Raiders named as Europe's football pioneers" 9298: 9296: 8980: 8978: 8854: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6760: 6661: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6284: 6282: 3660: 3343:

to be a particularly strong aspect of the street. In the

2851: 2223:. Ownership of Berkhamsted Common is divided between the 1297:

archery. A decisive factor in the English victory at the

1223:. Richard's coat of arms as Earl of Cornwall, along with 713: 10771:. Macclesfield, UK: Windgather Press. pp. 128–145. 10627:

The Palgrave Dictionary of Medieval Anglo-Jewish History

10326: 10324: 9598:"In pictures: BFI National Archive recognised by Unesco" 9417:"The Act of Killing wins Guardian Film Awards best film" 7929: 7884:

Dacorum BC - Election Results - Berkhamsted Town Council

7671: 7257: 6485:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 125. 6188: 6186: 5461:(Report). Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd. 3920:, as Britain's most beautiful cinema. Described by Dame 1709:

Development of the modern town (19th and 20th centuries)

8781:"Berkhamsted High Street could be named UK's best road" 7897:"Town & Parish Elections - Thursday, 2nd May, 2019" 6065:

Medieval England: Towns, Commerce and Crafts, 1086–1348

4935: 4933: 4699:(Report). Dacorum Borough Council. 2015. Archived from 4481:, which Berkhamsted Town Council now uses in meetings. 4213:

129 High Street is the Grade II* listed house known as

1957:, demolished the old priory, and built a stately home, 1909:

The Queen Beech or Harry Potter tree (now fallen) This

10967: 10188: 9572:"Heritage Open Days 2015: 10 of the best secret sites" 9552: 9332: 9320: 9308: 9293: 9061: 8975: 8893: 8869: 7683: 7005:

Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1835).

6930: 6846: 6554: 6279: 6173: 6171: 5619: 5617: 5129: 5127: 4530:

Historians in the past, have believed the town was of

4390:, consisting of 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of native 4192:

between Berkhamsted and Windsor Castle (Chesham Road).

3989:

British Film Institute National Archive at King's Hill

2021:, under the guidance of Lt Col Francis Errington, the 1893:

recommended that pauper children be sent to the local

1737: 1263:. In 1317, the castle was given to Edward II's queen, 10372: 10321: 9344: 7059: 6918: 6871:. Wesleyan University Press, 1 May 2011. p. 22. 6864: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6339:"History of the Magna Carta 1216 Berkhamsted (siege)" 6183: 6120:

Jim Leary, Elaine Jamieson and Phil Stastney (2018).

5971: 5969: 5059:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 17 4733:

Chilterns Historic Landscape Characterisation Project

4672:

The Hertfordshire Local Information System (HertsLIS)

4349:; at the base is the two-headed warrior sea serpent, 3612:

was constructed between 1808 and 1814 to a design by

3196:

Berkhamsted's original railway station (1838) on the

1419:, which confirmed the laws and customs enjoyed under 932:

The Anglo-Saxons surrendered the crown of England to

728:. The first part may have originated from either the 476: 458: 452: 10085:

Search Results = berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, Dacorum

8913:"'Three into two' is future for Berkhamsted schools" 8705:"Best commuter hotspots: Make your money go further" 8518:. Intalink Partnership, Hertfordshire County Council 8252:"York named Britain's 'best place to live' by guide" 7611: 7210:"The queen beech ruled the land, even when she fell" 6868:

Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town

6294: 6269: 6267: 5629: 5465: 4930: 3080: 2762:'s main population centres include Hemel Hempstead, 2406:

Like most of the United Kingdom, Berkhamsted has an

861:

buildings, with tiled roofs and underfloor heating.

467: 461: 446: 11348: 10864:

Extensive Urban Surveys: Berkhamsted, Revision 2005

10828:. Hatfield, UK: University of Hertfordshire Press. 10694:

The Victoria History of the County of Hertfordshire

10206: 10133:"Victorian facade hides the oldest shop in England" 9463: 7548:"War and boom prompted an exodus from city to town" 7345:"Mr. Shaw-Lefevre on the Preservation of Commons". 6198: 6168: 6088: 5837: 5699: 5685: 5683: 5614: 5565: 5534: 5124: 4918:. News Corp UK & Ireland Limited. 14 April 2019 4850: 4807:. London: Victoria County History. pp. 271–281 4754: 3854:were the inspiration for the author and playwright 3035:Berkhamsted Urban District was abolished under the 1617:each year. Stone from the castle was used to build 1188:. After a siege of twenty days the young new King ( 515:. Berkhamsted, along with the adjoining village of 443: 10392:"Special trees and woods — Frithsden Beeches" 9863:. Berkhamsted & Tring Gazette. 15 October 2015 8807:"Data: Britain's 50 most vibrant retail locations" 8652:"Berkhamsted: benefits of HS2 – Network Rail" 8459: 8457: 7573:. Hertfordshire Geological Society. Archived from 7237:"The Battle of Berkhamsted 150th Anniversary Walk" 6353: 5966: 5528: 5379:"The National Slag Collection: A simple catalogue" 4172:timber-framed building in Great Britain, dated by 3200:with the Grand Union Canal on the right-hand side. 2040: 1844:Wood's Ironworks was set up in 1826 by James Wood. 10683:The Victorian History of the County of Buckingham 10158:"Oldest Shop In England Uncovered At Berkhamsted" 9256: 9192: 7185: 6318:Berkhamsted Castle Trust Berkhamsted Castle Trust 6264: 6029: 5454:Griffiths, Claire; Hunn, Jonathan (August 2004). 5108:. The Portable Antiquities Scheme. Archived from 5083:"Joseph Millson talks about loving life in Berko" 5052: 4384:see above for more information about the building 4114:region. Television signals are received from the 2773:Berkhamsted is split into three local government 1608:(which was granted a Charter of Incorporation by 1415:officially recognised Berkhamsted as a town in a 1378:, she was the last person to live in the castle. 1169:, 12 miles from Berkhamsted, describing the siege 853:During Roman occupation the countryside close to 597:. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the town was a 534:is on a pre-Roman route known by its Saxon name: 519:, is encircled by countryside, much of it in the 12169: 10731:The Army in Cromwellian England 1649 – 1660 9750:. 2017 Johnston Publishing Ltd. 21 November 2017 9244:. Vol. Abannan–Kyte. 1891. pp. 338–365 8959: 7597:"Domesday Reloaded 1986: Farming in Berkhamsted" 6409: 6225: 5590: 5345:. Dacorum Borough Council. 2004. pp. 93–96. 4978: 4972: 4469:The town also has an informal relationship with 1517:building in England). In 1307 Berkhamsted was a 566:, the Anglo-Saxon leadership surrendered to the 9103: 8962:"One. Captain Coram and the Foundling Hospital" 8454: 7815:"Observation Site: Berkhamsted Weather Station" 7550:. The Dacorum Heritage Trust Ltd. 20 April 2011 6094:"Berkhamsted motte and bailey castle (1010756)" 5843:"Berkhamsted motte and bailey castle (1010756)" 3914:The Rex Cinema is regarded by some, including 3663:, MSc and Diploma qualifications, organisation 1652:(1622 – 19 October 1660), a Baptist and a 1381: 1346:and was the model for the Doctor of Phisick in 921: 10923:Berkhamsted Local History & Museum Society 10861: 10624: 10533:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Nichols and Sons. 10394:. Chilterns Conservation Board. Archived from 10336: 10315: 10303: 10182: 9186: 8020:. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth 7855: 7701: 7636:"Spatial Strategy for the town of Berkhamsted" 7507: 7207: 7152: 7137: 7122: 7110: 7032: 6885: 6818: 6778: 6754: 6655: 6600: 6530: 6457:"Berkhamsted Castle | Cecily, Duchess of York" 6219: 5894: 5650: 5608: 5441: 5276: 5145: 4037:club in England. Founded in 1875 Berkhamsted 3632:intended to commemorate former prime minister 3114: 1921:in his book "Beechcombings" and "played" the 1866: 1604:, in 1495, and the rise of the nearby town of 1093:, which were maintained alongside the castle. 1039:Royal medieval castle (11th to 15th centuries) 766: 573:at Berkhamsted. The event was recorded in the 11334: 10953: 10665:Castles of England: Their Story and Structure 10512:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 8941:. Berkhamsted Town Council. 11 September 2018 8195: 8065:Great Berkhampstead: Urban District Council, 7526:. Amberley Publishing Limited. pp. 18–. 6834:. Social Networks and Archival Context (SNAC) 6237: 6061: 5725:, Director: Ben Southwell (4 December 2014). 5716: 5714: 5453: 5289: 5287: 5285: 4418: 4008: 1664:. He participated as a lieutenant colonel in 1406:Medieval market town (12th to 15th centuries) 643:(a well regarded independent cinema) and the 10895:. Hatfield, UK: Hertfordshire Publications. 10261:"A Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases" 9620:"The best autumn forest walks around the UK" 8577: 8575: 8416:"The History of the Sparrows Herne Turnpike" 8334: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8326: 6898:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6397: 6023: 5742: 5740: 3488:In the 1970s, the town adopted a three-tier 3330:In November 2014, the Academy of Urbanism's 2327:and to the west is the small market town of 1713: 1672:(December 1648), arguably the only military 1124:(c. 1162–1213), Earl of Essex and the Chief 1081:the close proximity of the royal castle and 695: 10823: 10625:Hillaby, Joe G.; Hillaby, Caroline (2013). 9674:. BBC Beds Herts and Bucks. 29 October 2014 8041:Annual Report of the Local Government Board 6953: 6742: 6667: 6643: 6583: 6545:300 High Street, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire 6036:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 134–. 5960: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4945: 4805:A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 1 4140:The town is served by the local newspaper, 2278: 834:, which had been a pre-existing route from 671:a state school, whose history began as the 11341: 11327: 10960: 10946: 10890: 10862:Thompson, Isobel; Bryant, Stewart (2005). 10545: 10465: 10081:"List entry – The List – Historic England" 9494: 9392:"Is this Britain's most beautiful cinema?" 9287: 9226: 9121: 8863: 8719:"Let's move to Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire" 8610:. Dacorum Heritage Trust. 15 December 2010 8434: 8432: 8297: 8295: 7941: 7744:"Let's move to Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire" 7277:"Herts History: The Battle of Berkhamsted" 6721: 6571: 6177: 6057: 6055: 6053: 5711: 5623: 5559: 5404:"Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 3971" 5343:Landscape Character Assessment for Dacorum 5282: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 4261:. When Berkhamsted became part of the new 3746:, which is dated at c. 1200; it is in the 2750:. The modern district of Dacorum based in 1255:. In 1309, Edward I's and Margaret's son, 894:(died AD 970), queen consort of King 10873: 10662: 10420:. Dacorum Borough Council. Archived from 9361: 9359: 8572: 8508: 8323: 8232:. Times Newspapers Limited. 18 March 2018 7999:Great Berkhampstead: The Parish Council, 7738: 7736: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7479:"In search of the Inns of Court trenches" 7362:"Modern commons: a protected open space?" 7313: 6766: 6273: 6243: 6033:Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1990 5930: 5928: 5737: 5596: 5482: 5480: 5401: 5048: 5046: 4916:The Sunday Times Best Places to Live 2019 4776:. Berhamsted Town Council. Archived from 4726:"The Changing Landscape of the Chilterns" 4135:Greatest Hits Radio Bucks, Beds and Herts 4073:Community Awards in 2014 and awarded the 4014:acts with the small River Bulbourne as a 3703:, was instrumental in the foundation the 3600:bequeathed the property to his daughter, 2796: 2354:(6.7 miles (11 km) distant) and the 1750:Industries in the 19th century included: 1624:In 1612, Berkhamsted Place was bought by 885: 507:which is based in the neighbouring large 10804: 10709: 10643: 10451:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 10284:"Medieval English Towns — Glossary" 10212:"129 High Street, Berkhamsted (1356570)" 9909:"Off-road adventures around Berkhamsted" 9646:"Best National Trust parklands to visit" 9198: 8750: 8716: 8608:"On track for a rivalry on the railways" 8482: 8224: 8222: 8220: 7947: 7589: 7338: 6480: 6415: 6231: 5934: 5905: 5903: 5323: 4999: 4880: 4878: 4856:"173 High Street, Berkhamsted (1246942)" 4412:Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater 4268: 4203: 4196:houses among the street's trade outlets. 4151: 3905: 3682: 3606:Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater 3560: 3543: 3464: 3250: 3231:Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater 3191: 3131: 2700: 2187:2014 Map of Berkhamsted and Northchurch. 2182: 2072: 1955:Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater 1904: 1870: 1848:Utilities in the 19th century included: 1741: 1591: 1519:large town by English medieval standards 1425: 1269: 1259:, granted Berkhamsted to his favourite, 1056: 1048: 770: 699: 639:. Arts institutions in the town include 11194:List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire 10785: 10629:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 10130: 9532: 9109: 8756: 8546:. London: Charles Tilt. Facing page 64. 8530: 8429: 8292: 8090:Annual Report of the Ministry of Health 7973:Berkhampstead: A Local Board proposed, 7263: 6895:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6891: 6426: 6424: 6247:Becket & Henry: The Becket Lectures 6156:. University of Reading. 7 October 2016 6050: 5228: 4958:. Oxford University Press. p. 53. 4846: 4844: 4798: 3961:Prior to the cinema's construction, an 3941:. The cinema was designed by architect 3820: 3592:, who resided in the castle. After the 3314: 1289:. In 1361, Edward the Black Prince and 1247:, in 1283. In 1300, after Edmund died, 707:map of Hertfordshire from 1659 showing 14: 12170: 10842: 10747: 10648:. Macclesfield, UK: Windgather Press. 10602: 10583: 10564: 10446: 10378: 10366: 10354: 10342: 10330: 10194: 9558: 9356: 9350: 9338: 9326: 9314: 9302: 9067: 9018: 8984: 8899: 8887: 8875: 8734: 8536: 7919:"Election results for Berkhamsted (7)" 7733: 7689: 7677: 7623: 7617: 7065: 6941: 6366: 6300: 6192: 6062:Hatcher, John; Miller, Edward (2014). 5925: 5733:. 5.05 – 6.20 minutes in. BBC. BBC 4. 5705: 5635: 5477: 5471: 5205: 5203: 5133: 5080: 5043: 4939: 4760: 4033:The Berkhamsted Bowmen are the oldest 3815: 3628:purchased the house as a gift for the 3360: 3303:also runs an hourly service direct to 3024:buildings were demolished and the new 2852:Berkhamsted Urban District (1898–1974) 2394:(11.1 miles (18 km) distant) and 2323:. Further southwest is the village of 2023:Inns of Court Officers' Training Corps 1785: 1492:time of heightened persecution of Jews 1120:, respectively. In King John's reign, 795:Berkhamsted. Three sections of a late 11322: 10941: 10728: 10507: 8939:"Directory - Schools & Education" 8217: 7713: 7476: 6924: 6790: 6542: 6403: 5900: 5777:. Redress of the Past. Archived from 5746: 5488:"St Mary's church – Our History" 4951: 4875: 4600:One of the wealthiest men in Europe, 4465:, Hesse, Germany (as part of Dacorum) 4142:Hemel Hempstead Gazette & Express 3977:Llewelyn Davies, whose children were 1065:Berkhamsted Castle is a (now ruined) 10766: 10712:English Castles: a Guide by Counties 10690: 10679: 10667:. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan. 10526: 9389: 9210: 8735:McGhie, Caroline (22 January 2014). 7988:Herts Advertiser and St Albans Times 7975:Herts Advertiser and St Albans Times 7935: 7657:"Berkhamsted and Northchurch Common" 7359: 6865:Sumner Chilton Powell (1 May 2011). 6852: 6727: 6711: 6550:(Report). Construct Archaeology Ltd. 6421: 6288: 6204: 5799: 5731:Castles: Britain's Fortified History 5689: 5209: 5188:. Cotswold Archaeology. January 2015 5033: 5018: 4841: 4383: 4243:and the funds used for scholarships. 4147: 3762:) and his lady. There are two other 3291:, with additional trains running to 2777:—East, West and Castle. In the 2015 2725:2024 United Kingdom general election 2319:(4.7 miles (8 km) distant) and 10824:Slater, T.R.; Goose, Nigel (2008). 10769:The Medieval Park: New Perspectives 10588:. Kings Langley, UK: Alpine Press. 10586:Berkhamsted, an Illustrated History 10569:. Kings Langley, UK: Alpine Press. 10546:Eyles, Allen; Skone, Keith (2002). 10488:(see also Birtchnell, Percy (1975) 10281: 10112:. Dacorum Borough Council. May 2004 9533:Parkins, Jamie (4 September 2012). 9439:"Guardian film awards winners 2014" 8516:"List of bus routes in Berkhamsted" 8003:(Aylesbury), 5 January 1895, page 7 7793:"Weather: Averages for Berkhamsted" 7279:. Hertfordshire Life. 14 March 2016 7186:Carstairs Phillip (11 April 2016). 5200: 4955:A Dictionary of British Place-Names 4886:"Restoration boost for oldest shop" 4403:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 4054:clubs, Berkhamsted and Kitcheners. 3723:to hold soldiers captured from the 3410:of religious properties during the 2244:Site of Special Scientific Interest 1738:19th century industry and utilities 154: 24: 10878:. Oxford: Roxburghe Club, Oxford. 10697:. Vol. 2. London: Constable. 10217:National Heritage List for England 10131:Kennedy, Maev (27 February 2003). 9535:"Cine-files: The Rex, Berkhamsted" 9474:National Heritage List for England 8757:Hawkins, Kate (28 November 2014). 8717:Dyckhoff, Tom (12 December 2009). 8490:"Map of bus routes in Berkhamsted" 8157:(Chesham), 21 October 1938, page 7 8069:(Aylesbury), 23 April 1898, page 8 7299:"The Battle of Berkhamsted Common" 7208:Mabey, Richard (7 November 2015). 6099:National Heritage List for England 5848:National Heritage List for England 5772: 5576:National Heritage List for England 5545:National Heritage List for England 5103: 4861:National Heritage List for England 4604:, was elected King of Germany, or 4376:Hult International Business School 3678: 3653:Hult International Business School 3556: 2299:south from Berkhamsted, along the 2197:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 2012: 1734:recorded the population at 4,485. 525:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 25: 12209: 10911: 10714:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 10686:. Vol. 1. London: Constable. 9367:"Berkhamsted Official Guide 2004" 8144:(Chesham), 2 October 1936, page 3 5336:"Area 117 Upper Bulbourne Valley" 5304:. nps archaeology. Archived from 5159:"Berkhamsted Official Guide 2004" 4028:National Lottery (United Kingdom) 3894:'s semi-naturalistic radio drama 3375:. It was founded in 1541 by Dean 3081:Employment and economic wellbeing 2149:and running through Berkhamsted, 1112:gave the castle to their queens, 11233:European Parliament constituency 10527:Cobb, John Wolstenholme (1883). 10410: 10384: 10360: 10348: 10275: 10253: 10231: 10200: 10150: 10124: 10099: 10073: 10047: 10026: 10005: 9979: 9953: 9927: 9901: 9875: 9853: 9831: 9809: 9784: 9762: 9736: 9712: 9686: 9672:"Great Outdoors Ashridge Forest" 9664: 9638: 9612: 9590: 9564: 9526: 9500: 9457: 9431: 9409: 9383: 9232: 9150: 9115: 9073: 9043:"Rambow revisited in teen movie" 9035: 9019:Harris, Rhian (5 October 2012). 9012: 8990: 8953: 8931: 8905: 8825: 8799: 8773: 8697: 8676: 8644: 8622: 8600: 8550: 8408: 8380: 8354: 8266: 8244: 8173: 8170:(Chesham), 16 April 1937, page 7 8160: 8147: 8134: 8108: 8081: 8072: 8059: 8032: 8016:A Vision of Britain through Time 8006: 7993: 7980: 7967: 7911: 7889: 7877: 7833: 7807: 7785: 7764: 7707: 7649: 7645:. Dacorum Borough Council. 2009. 7568: 7562: 7540: 7513: 7470: 7438: 7416: 7386: 7353: 7291: 7269: 7229: 7201: 7179: 7158: 7083:A Vision of Britain through Time 7071: 7038: 6998: 6981: 6947: 6858: 6824: 6791:Hands, Joan (10 November 2010). 6784: 6673: 6380:"1216: Berkhamsted Castle Siege" 4642: 4621: 4456: 4443: 4410:Wood. The climbable monument to 3460: 3287:, run between London Euston and 3220:reached Berkhamsted; it reached 2874: 2735:) is the constituency's current 1944:The Battle of Berkhamsted Common 1626:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 439: 153: 146: 130: 111: 102: 91: 82: 71: 62: 12193:Civil parishes in Hertfordshire 12155:List of places in Hertfordshire 10663:Mackenzie, James Dixon (1896). 9390:Rees, Jasper (9 January 2006). 8917:Berkhamsted & Tring Gazette 8440:"Places of Historical Interest" 7714:Hobbs, Thomas (26 April 2014). 7349:. 11 December 1886. p. 10. 6606: 6536: 6499: 6474: 6449: 6372: 6331: 6314:"Biography: Waleran Teutonicus" 6306: 6142: 6113: 6001: 5872:. Open Domesday. Archived from 5862: 5831: 5817:"History of Berkhamsted Castle" 5809: 5766: 5656: 5506: 5447: 5395: 5371: 5349: 5248:Semmelmann, Karin (July 2004). 5212:Discovering Prehistoric England 5175: 5151: 5097: 5074: 4904: 4801:"Romano-British remains: Roads" 4611: 4594: 4585: 4564: 4555: 4524: 4515: 4490: 4425:List of people from Berkhamsted 3993:Rarely open to the public, the 3383:1480–1545) Born in Berkhamsted 3259:In 1834, after opposition from 2883:, 161 High Street, Berkhamsted. 2861:Great Berkhampstead (1898–1937) 2041:20th century urban developments 1826:Sir Richard Cooper, 1st Baronet 1786:Berkhamsted Canadian totem pole 1662:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 1602:Cicely Neville, Duchess of York 1364:Cecily Neville, Duchess of York 1362:gave the castle to his mother, 1198:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 881:may have damaged this building. 483:) is a historic market town in 10790:. Chichester, UK: Phillimore. 10508:Brown, Reginald Allen (1989). 10492:. Luton: White Crescent Press 9839:"Berkhamsted Strengthen Squad" 8368:. Hertfordshire County Council 7950:"Berkhampstead Poor Law Union" 7659:. Chilterns Conservation Board 7477:Cross, Michael (2 July 2014). 6975:10.1080/0005576X.1977.11751481 5402:McDonnell, J. G. (June 1982). 5106:"Finds record for: WAW-C4A5F5" 4829:. Chilterns Conservation Board 4819: 4792: 4766: 4718: 4686: 4660: 4078:Grassroots Club of the Year 3798:Evangelist (Latter Day Saints) 3651:In 2015, Ashridge merged with 3640:. It became a cross between a 3616:with later work by his nephew 3604:. In 1800, it was the home of 3594:Dissolution of the Monasteries 3412:Dissolution of the Monasteries 3096:Office for National Statistics 3087:Office for National Statistics 3062:Office for National Statistics 2947: • Succeeded by 1732:Gazetteer of the British Isles 1161:—The contemporary chronicler, 960:(heir to the English throne), 635:and the 20th-century novelist 27:Town in Hertfordshire, England 13: 1: 10610:. London: Faber & Faber. 10449:J.M. Barrie and the Lost Boys 9792:"BHHHC Clubhouse & Astro" 9748:Berkhamsted and Tring Gazette 9720:"The Chiltern Canal Corridor" 9049:. JPIMedia Ltd. 19 March 2008 8785:Berkhamsted and Tring Gazette 8630:"Berkhamsted Railway Station" 8014:"Berkhamsted Urban District, 7485:. Law Society. Archived from 6543:Maher, Shane (January 2014). 6436:Berkhamsted Castle Trust 2021 5081:Herman, Judi (1 April 2010). 4985:. Random House. p. 153. 4654: 4602:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 4429: 4353:, who has up-stretched wings. 4273:The totem pole at Berkhamsted 3934:as a fine example of a 1930s 3380: 3198:London and Birmingham Railway 3050: 2754:was formed in 1974 under the 2714: 2424:Climate data for Berkhamsted 2412:Köppen climate classification 2350:and the small market town of 2145:and the adjoining village of 2007:Metropolitan Commons Act 1866 1692:, the unrepentant Axtell was 1660:, both in England and in the 1648:Born in Berkhamsted, Colonel 11308:King George V Playing Fields 11228:Parliamentary constituencies 11211:Hertfordshire County Council 10893:The Origins of Hertfordshire 10468:Short History of Berkhamsted 9124:Contemporary British History 8919:. JPIMedia Ltd. 18 July 2012 7923:Hertfordshire County Council 7899:. dacorum.gov.uk. 2 May 2019 6912:UK public library membership 6461:www.berkhamstedcastle.org.uk 6244:Spigelman, James J. (2004). 6130:(337) (published April 2018) 5727:"1. Instruments of Invasion" 4484: 4380:Ashridge Executive Education 4367:. Ashridge House is a large 4071:English Football Association 3648:as its educational adviser. 3644:and a training centre, with 3590:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall 3355: 3176:Hertfordshire County Council 3151:Sparrows Herne Turnpike Road 3127: 3105: 2842:Berkhampstead Rural District 2748:Hertfordshire County Council 2705:The town's coat of arms, an 2698:Weather Observation website. 2240:Special Area of Conservation 2180:joins the Bulbourne valley. 2068: 2065:, based in Hemel Hempstead. 2033:on the Common has the motto 1998:Commons Preservation Society 1951:Battle of Berkhamsted Common 1551:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall 1486:, a blacksmith, carpenters, 1382:Recent history of the castle 1233:Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall 922:1066 and the Domesday survey 681:Ashridge Executive Education 655:, a co-educational boarding 7: 10874:Whitelock, Dorothy (1968). 10788:Ashridge – A Living History 10733:. Oxford University Press. 10691:Page, William, ed. (1908). 10470:. Berkhamsted: Book Stack. 9241:Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714 9136:10.1080/1361946042000303873 8122:. 29 August 1908. p. 7 7977:, 16 September 1893, page 7 7843:. Civic Heraldry of England 7643:Emerging Core Strategy 2009 7446:"WWI commemorative edition" 7079:"Berkhamsted Hertfordshire" 5749:"The Battle of London 1066" 3862:. A little later, novelist 3800:began life has part of the 3247:Berkhamsted railway station 3115:Relationships and education 2991: • County Council 2543:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2473:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2157:, where it merges with the 1867:Provision for the destitute 1694:hanged, drawn and quartered 1482:, two tailors, a brewer of 1332:– later famous for writing 767:Prehistory and Roman period 665:Dean of St Paul's Cathedral 188:OS grid reference 182:18,500 (mid-2016 est.) 10: 12214: 12122:Wholly unparished boroughs 11268:Grade II* listed buildings 10845:The Berkhamsted Totem Pole 10752:. Dacorum Heritage Trust. 10466:Birtchnell, Percy (1988). 10439: 10316:Thompson & Bryant 2005 10304:Thompson & Bryant 2005 10183:Thompson & Bryant 2005 9187:Thompson & Bryant 2005 8181:"Berkhamsted Civic Centre" 7702:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7571:"Geology on your Doorstep" 7508:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7153:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7138:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7123:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7111:Thompson & Bryant 2005 7085:. University of Portsmouth 7033:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6832:"Cunningham, David, −1659" 6819:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6779:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6755:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6656:Hillaby & Hillaby 2013 6601:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6531:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6220:Thompson & Bryant 2005 6150:"The Round Mounds Project" 6030:Marjorie Chibnall (1991). 5895:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5651:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5609:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5442:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5277:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5146:Thompson & Bryant 2005 5053:Registrar General (1934). 4422: 4419:Associations with the town 4106:Berkhamsted is within the 4057:The town's football club, 4009:Sport and outdoor pursuits 3387:1480, John Incent was the 3325:The British Film Institute 3244: 3240: 2686: 2423: 2401: 2398:(13.8 miles (22 km). 2307:lies the nearby hamlet of 2031:Inns of Court War Memorial 1585: 1513:, the oldest known extant 1042: 928:Norman conquest of England 925: 690: 631:, the 18th-century writer 29: 18:Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire 12147: 12121: 12065: 12019: 11958: 11767: 11722: 11456: 11428:Nettleden with Potten End 11360: 11248:Settlements by population 11203: 11044: 10983: 10710:Pettifer, Adrian (1995). 10644:Liddiard, Robert (2005). 10055:"Hemel Hempstead Gazette" 8759:"High Street Berkhamsted" 8442:. Dacorum Borough Council 8183:. Berhamsted Town Council 8153:The Civic Centre opened, 7990:, 27 January 1894, page 7 6068:. Routledge. p. 27. 5819:. english-heritage.org.uk 5514:"Northchurch Roman Villa" 4979:Caroline Taggart (2011). 4544:, and earlier historians 4125:Local radio stations are 3901: 3705:parish church of St Peter 3584:of the monastic order of 3037:Local Government Act 1972 3014:Nettleden with Potten End 3005: 3001: 2989: 2982: 2978: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2945: 2935: 2925: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2894: 2887: 2873: 2866: 2858: 2838:Local Government Act 1894 2760:local government district 2756:Local Government Act 1972 2737:Member of Parliament (MP) 2721:Harpenden and Berkhamsted 2710:Richard Earl of Cornwall. 2612: 2542: 2472: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2063:Local Government Act 1972 1992:(later co-founder of the 1714:19th century urban growth 1541:, six grain merchants, a 1243:of the monastic order of 1135:Following the signing of 1130:parish church of St Peter 696:Origin of the town's name 675:established in London by 616:in 1649, was among those 374: 366:Harpenden and Berkhamsted 356: 352: 340: 328: 316: 312: 302: 290: 280: 270: 256: 238: 220: 202: 186: 178: 141: 129: 56: 49: 44: 11263:Grade I listed buildings 10918:Berkhamsted Town Council 10891:Williamson, Tom (2010). 10548:Cinemas of Hertfordshire 10447:Birkin, Andrew (2003) . 9819:. Dacorum Sports Network 9419:. BBC News. 7 March 2014 9021:"The Foundling Hospital" 8587:Dacorum District Council 8166:Berkhamsted Newsletter, 8140:Berkhamsted Newsletter, 7841:"East of England Region" 7819:Wow Weather Observations 7523:Berkhamsted Through Time 6954:Reid Doster, G. (1977). 6795:. Dacorum Heritage Trust 6620:. British History Online 6384:Berkhamsted Castle Trust 6011:. Dacorum Heritage Trust 5516:. Dacorum Heritage Trust 5359:. Dacorum Heritage Trust 4774:"Berkhamsted Town Guide" 4331:Yorkshire Sculpture Park 4127:BBC Three Counties Radio 4101: 4063:Southern Football League 3898:resides in Berkhamsted. 3187: 3055: 3026:Berkhamsted Civic Centre 2881:Berkhamsted Civic Centre 2766:and the western part of 2279:Neighbouring settlements 2035:Salus Populi Suprema Lex 1636:to the prince's mother. 1549:The town benefited when 1533:, five cloth dyers, six 1392:Berkhamsted Castle Trust 1283:Edward, the Black Prince 978:Robert, Count of Mortain 587:Edward, the Black Prince 30:Not to be confused with 11740:Elstree and Borehamwood 10087:. Historic England 2015 9796:www.berkohockeyclub.com 9600:. BBC News. 26 May 2011 8632:. The ABC Railway Guide 8583:"The Grand Union Canal" 7483:The Law Society Gazette 6743:Slater & Goose 2008 6668:Slater & Goose 2008 6644:Slater & Goose 2008 6584:Slater & Goose 2008 5961:Slater & Goose 2008 5947:Encyclopædia Britannica 4263:Dacorum Borough Council 3910:Rex Cinema, Berkhamsted 3455:Egerton Rothesay School 3435:. Amongst the school's 3144: 3039:, becoming part of the 2744:Dacorum Borough Council 1934:The Prisoner of Azkaban 1450:possessions in France, 1374:, and mother in law to 12188:Towns in Hertfordshire 11654:Stanstead St Margarets 10933:Dacorum Heritage Trust 10786:Sanecki, K.A. (1996). 10680:Page, William (1905). 10603:Healey, R. M. (1982). 10567:A Hertfordshire Valley 9935:"Tour of Britain 2014" 9495:Eyles & Skone 2002 9469:"Rex Cinema (1078110)" 8960:Banerjee, Jacqueline. 7886:, Accessed 10 May 2015 4799:Salzman, L.F. (1939). 4406:at Ashridge's ancient 4274: 4209: 4157: 3999:British Film Institute 3911: 3688: 3626:Urban Hanlon Broughton 3620:. Architecture critic 3566: 3553: 3533:George Frideric Handel 3485: 3256: 3201: 3141: 2937: • Abolished 2821:were created, and the 2815:Public Health Act 1872 2797:Administrative history 2711: 2188: 2099:Pleistocene glaciation 2085:, part of a system of 2078: 1938: 1876: 1747: 1688:of the monarchy under 1597: 1596:Berkhamsted Place 1832 1573:took advantage of the 1439: 1394:, in partnership with 1342:, who lived in nearby 1291:Joan, the Maid of Kent 1275: 1173: 1062: 1054: 886:Anglo-Saxon settlement 776: 718: 645:British Film Institute 292:Postcode district 10984:Boroughs or districts 10876:The Will of Æthelgifu 10843:Tearle, John (1998). 10748:Remfry, Paul (1998). 10729:Reece, Henry (2013). 10584:Hastie, Scot (1999). 10565:Hastie, Scot (1996). 9085:www.independent.co.uk 8761:. Academy of Urbanism 8560:. London Canal Museum 8308:Hertfordshire Mercury 8278:Hertfordshire Mercury 7948:Higginbotham, Peter. 5941:"Berkhampstead" 5747:Mills, Peter (1996). 4952:Mills, David (2011). 4400:at Golden Valley and 4272: 4251:Berkhamsted Town Hall 4207: 4155: 4020:Heritage Lottery Fund 3909: 3882:. Children's authors 3686: 3564: 3547: 3517:Lamb's Conduit Fields 3468: 3297:Birmingham New Street 3289:Milton Keynes Central 3254: 3195: 3135: 3100:Jobseeker's Allowance 3072:In 2021 according to 2983:Contained within 2704: 2338:, and the hamlets of 2186: 2076: 1908: 1874: 1745: 1595: 1429: 1273: 1153: 1118:Isabella of Angoulême 1114:Berengaria of Navarre 1060: 1052: 934:William the Conqueror 774: 748:"; or from the older 736:, meaning "hill", or 703: 577:. From 1066 to 1495, 575:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 552:William the Conqueror 10510:Castles from the Air 10239:"The Law Dictionary" 10164:on 20 September 2014 9467:(26 February 1988). 8998:"Foundling Hospital" 8254:. BBC. 18 March 2018 7772:"Conservation areas" 6904:10.1093/ref:odnb/928 5911:"Place: Berkhamsted" 5756:London Archaeologist 5311:on 15 September 2014 5210:Dyer, James (2001). 4827:"Berkhamsted Castle" 4633:St James the Greater 4259:Mechanics' Institute 4166:173 High Street 3995:BFI National Archive 3852:Llewelyn Davies boys 3835:The Canterbury Tales 3821:Literary connections 3406:responsible for the 3315:Economy and commerce 3285:West Midlands Trains 3278:West Coast Main Line 3206:Grand Junction Canal 3122:qualifications table 2927: • Created 2787:2021 local elections 2264:Grand Junction Canal 2093:when the area was a 2002:Lord Justice Romilly 1511:173 High Street 1421:Edward the Confessor 1348:The Canterbury Tales 1335:The Canterbury Tales 1145:Louis VIII of France 1001:Edward the Confessor 659:(founded in 1541 by 649:BFI National Archive 272:Sovereign state 12103:Northaw and Cuffley 11769:North Hertfordshire 11273:Scheduled monuments 11047:(cities in italics) 11011:North Hertfordshire 10847:. Lillydown House. 9887:The Daily Telegraph 9626:. 30 September 2020 9624:The Daily Telegraph 9578:. 11 September 2015 9396:The Daily Telegraph 9000:. National Archives 8890:, pp. 17, 120. 8840:The Daily Telegraph 7938:, pp. 171–179. 7577:on 28 December 2014 6586:, pp. 240–241. 6509:. Duchy of Cornwall 6507:"Ancient Monuments" 6234:, pp. 111–112. 6128:Current Archaeology 5963:, pp. 226–227. 5781:on 28 November 2014 5420:on 24 December 2014 5357:"Cow Roast Pottery" 4392:broadleaf woodlands 4255:Edward Buckton Lamb 4215:Dean Incent's House 4131:Heart Hertfordshire 4067:Berkhamsted Town FC 3981:'s inspiration for 3917:The Daily Telegraph 3816:Culture and leisure 3756:William Butterfield 3725:siege of Colchester 3701:Geoffrey Fitz Peter 3657:executive education 3588:founded in 1283 by 3480:(1935) bearing the 3423:. John Incent died 3397:English Reformation 3393:St Paul's Cathedral 3361:Independent schools 3345:2017 Vitality Index 3227:Port of Berkhamsted 3184:transport service. 3016:, Northchurch, and 2823:boards of guardians 2801:Berkhamsted was an 2358:of Buckinghamshire 1983:George Shaw-Lefevre 1398:, on behalf of the 1229:Sanchia of Provence 1221:Earldom of Cornwall 1209:Richard of Cornwall 1149:Walerand Teutonicus 1122:Geoffrey Fitz Peter 618:born in Berkhamsted 413: / 11609:Little Berkhamsted 11529:Brickendon Liberty 11509:Bishop's Stortford 11458:East Hertfordshire 11186:Welwyn Garden City 11064:Bishop's Stortford 11001:East Hertfordshire 10750:Berkhamsted Castle 10490:Bygone Berkhamsted 10282:Alsford, Stephen. 9941:on 2 November 2014 9841:. 23 November 2021 9091:. 12 December 2010 8787:. 11 November 2014 8396:. 17 November 2010 7752:. 12 December 2009 7458:on 5 December 2014 7125:, pp. 22, 25. 6781:, pp. 10, 13. 6730:, pp. 131–144 6291:, pp. 14, 72. 5870:"Name: Edmer Ator" 5255:. Heritage Network 5112:on 8 December 2017 4892:. 26 February 2003 4606:Holy Roman Emperor 4452:, Burgundy, France 4323:Windsor Great Park 4275: 4210: 4158: 3912: 3876:Humphrey Trevelyan 3689: 3630:Conservative Party 3618:Jeffrey Wyattville 3567: 3554: 3513:Foundling Hospital 3486: 3482:Foundling Hospital 3366:Berkhamsted School 3257: 3202: 3142: 2819:sanitary districts 2712: 2233:Berkhamsted Castle 2195:and the Chilterns 2189: 2079: 1966:Lady Marian Alford 1939: 1877: 1748: 1598: 1440: 1307:Battle of Poitiers 1276: 1265:Isabella of France 1253:Margaret of France 1074:Radiocarbon dating 1063: 1055: 1045:Berkhamsted Castle 962:Archbishop Ealdred 958:Edgar the Ætheling 942:Battle of Hastings 777: 719: 673:Foundling Hospital 657:independent school 653:Berkhamsted School 579:Berkhamsted Castle 564:Battle of Hastings 487:, England, in the 358:UK Parliament 304:Dialling code 32:Little Berkhamsted 12163: 12162: 12070:(partly parished) 12024:(partly parished) 11963:(partly parished) 11772:(partly parished) 11745:Hertsmere Meriden 11727:(partly parished) 11461:(wholly parished) 11365:(partly parished) 11316: 11315: 11045:Major settlements 11016:City of St Albans 10970:Ceremonial county 10797:978-1-86077-020-3 10778:978-1-9051-1916-5 10759:978-0-9510944-1-9 10740:978-0-19-820063-5 10636:978-1-137-30815-3 10617:978-0-57111-801-4 10605:Hertfordshire: A 10595:978-0-9528631-1-3 10557:978-0-9542189-0-4 10458:978-0-300-09822-8 10241:. 4 November 2011 10185:, pp. 10–11. 9772:. 14 January 2016 9497:, pp. 19–24. 9290:, pp. 30–32. 8664:on 13 August 2014 8311:. 16 October 2021 7533:978-1-4456-2686-4 6963:Baptist Quarterly 6910:(Subscription or 6855:, pp. 46–47. 6658:, pp. 50–52. 6043:978-0-85115-286-8 5897:, pp. 6, 12. 5876:on 9 October 2014 4550:Sir Henry Chauncy 4479:U.S. bicentennial 4408:Frithsden Beeches 4307:western red cedar 4148:Sites of interest 4016:wildlife corridor 3896:Ed Reardon's Week 3888:Hilda van Stockum 3810:General de Gaulle 3802:Plymouth Brethren 3786:Congregationlists 3713:English Civil War 3525:Children Act 1948 3501:Foundation school 3429:Act of Parliament 3265:Robert Stephenson 3235:Grand Union Canal 3085:In mid-2016, the 3020:on 1 April 1937. 3009: 3008: 2906: • 1971 2896: • 1901 2733:Liberal Democrats 2691: 2690: 2346:, the village of 2161:at Two Waters in 2091:Cretaceous Period 1996:in 1895) and the 1990:Sir Robert Hunter 1915:Frithsden Beeches 1860:Water and sewage: 1796:Berkhamsted Times 1658:English Civil War 1619:Berkhamsted Place 1588:Berkhamsted Place 1400:Duchy of Cornwall 1370:, grandmother to 1340:John of Gaddesden 1287:John II of France 1217:Dukes of Cornwall 1207:younger brother, 1194:Treaty of Lambeth 1163:Roger of Wendover 1141:First Barons' War 1025:Marjorie Chibnall 991:According to the 974:Westminster Abbey 432: 431: 222:Shire county 16:(Redirected from 12205: 12078:Ayot St Lawrence 12071: 12025: 11964: 11930:St Paul's Walden 11773: 11728: 11649:Stanstead Abbots 11462: 11413:Little Gaddesden 11366: 11343: 11336: 11329: 11320: 11319: 11283:Lord Lieutenants 11253:Lost settlements 11238:Boundary changes 10978: 10972: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10939: 10938: 10906: 10887: 10870: 10868: 10858: 10839: 10820: 10801: 10782: 10763: 10744: 10725: 10706: 10687: 10676: 10659: 10640: 10621: 10599: 10580: 10561: 10542: 10523: 10481: 10462: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10429: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10388: 10382: 10376: 10370: 10364: 10358: 10352: 10346: 10340: 10334: 10328: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10257: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10208:Historic England 10204: 10198: 10192: 10186: 10180: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10160:. Archived from 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10111: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10030: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10019: 10009: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9937:. Archived from 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9911:. Archived from 9905: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9889:. 11 August 2014 9879: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9857: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9817:"Club Directory" 9813: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9740: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9724: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9700:. 14 August 2014 9690: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9668: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9616: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9594: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9568: 9562: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9508:"Silver screens" 9504: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9465:Historic England 9461: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9371: 9363: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9268:Heritage Gateway 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9218: 9208: 9202: 9196: 9190: 9184: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9164:. Archived from 9154: 9148: 9147: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9077: 9071: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9039: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8861: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8837: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8663: 8657:. Archived from 8656: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8579: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8496:on 14 April 2015 8486: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8469: 8461: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8436: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8422: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8336: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8299: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8226: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8188: 8177: 8171: 8164: 8158: 8151: 8145: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8120:Watford Observer 8112: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8098: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8070: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8051: 8049: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8004: 7997: 7991: 7984: 7978: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7915: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7789: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7740: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7711: 7705: 7699: 7693: 7687: 7681: 7680:, p. 10-11. 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7640: 7632: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7457: 7451:. Archived from 7450: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7404:on 13 March 2016 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7374:on 10 April 2020 7373: 7367:. Archived from 7366: 7360:Ashbrook, Kate. 7357: 7351: 7350: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7301:. National Trust 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7241: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7141: 7135: 7126: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6960: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6907: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6692: 6686:. Archived from 6685: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6428: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6277: 6271: 6262: 6261: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6181: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6125: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6090:Historic England 6086: 6080: 6079: 6059: 6048: 6047: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5988: 5982:. Archived from 5981: 5973: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5943: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5907: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5839:Historic England 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5813: 5807: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5744: 5735: 5734: 5718: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5567:Historic England 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5536:Historic England 5532: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5494:on 12 March 2012 5490:. Archived from 5484: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5419: 5413:. Archived from 5408: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5383: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5340: 5332: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5310: 5302:Report 2013–1334 5299: 5291: 5280: 5274: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5254: 5245: 5226: 5225: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5064: 5050: 5041: 5031: 5025: 5016: 4997: 4996: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4852:Historic England 4848: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4741: 4730: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4664: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4625: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4494: 4461: 4460: 4448: 4447: 4311:Thunderbird Park 4291:Vancouver Island 4278:The Berkhamsted 4174:dendrochronology 4050:. There are two 4024:Big Lottery Fund 3943:David Evelyn Nye 3932:English Heritage 3826:Geoffrey Chaucer 3669:applied research 3634:Andrew Bonar Law 3622:Nikolaus Pevsner 3382: 3341:Chamber of Trade 3309:Clapham Junction 3163:King Louis XVIII 3045:successor parish 2992: 2971: 2948: 2938: 2928: 2907: 2897: 2878: 2856: 2855: 2791:Berkhamsted seat 2729:Victoria Collins 2723:. Following the 2421: 2420: 2372:Little Gaddesden 2174:Motte and Bailey 1682:Westminster Hall 1396:English Heritage 1344:Little Gaddesden 1330:Geoffrey Chaucer 1067:motte-and-bailey 792:Bulbourne Valley 595:Geoffrey Chaucer 489:Bulbourne valley 479: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 428: 427: 425: 424: 423: 418: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 380: 266: 198: 197: 167:Location within 157: 156: 150: 134: 115: 106: 95: 86: 75: 66: 52: 42: 41: 21: 12213: 12212: 12208: 12207: 12206: 12204: 12203: 12202: 12168: 12167: 12164: 12159: 12143: 12117: 12069: 12067:Welwyn Hatfield 12061: 12023: 12015: 11981:Harpenden Rural 11962: 11954: 11771: 11763: 11726: 11718: 11699:Watton-at-Stone 11664:Stocking Pelham 11589:Hertingfordbury 11460: 11452: 11403:Great Gaddesden 11364: 11356: 11347: 11317: 11312: 11199: 11188: 11109:Hemel Hempstead 11046: 11040: 11036:Welwyn Hatfield 10979: 10974: 10968: 10966: 10914: 10909: 10903: 10902:978-190531395-2 10866: 10855: 10836: 10835:978-190531344-0 10817: 10816:978-190531344-0 10798: 10779: 10760: 10741: 10722: 10656: 10655:978-095455752-2 10637: 10618: 10596: 10577: 10576:978-0-952863106 10558: 10520: 10519:978-052132932-3 10478: 10477:978-187137200-7 10459: 10442: 10437: 10427: 10425: 10424:on 4 March 2016 10416: 10415: 10411: 10401: 10399: 10398:on 13 June 2011 10390: 10389: 10385: 10377: 10373: 10365: 10361: 10353: 10349: 10341: 10337: 10329: 10322: 10314: 10310: 10302: 10298: 10288: 10286: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10259: 10258: 10254: 10244: 10242: 10237: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10220: 10205: 10201: 10193: 10189: 10181: 10177: 10167: 10165: 10156: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10104: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10062: 10061:. 23 April 2014 10053: 10052: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10027: 10017: 10015: 10013:"Radio Dacorum" 10011: 10010: 10006: 9996: 9994: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9933: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9915:on 4 March 2016 9907: 9906: 9902: 9892: 9890: 9881: 9880: 9876: 9866: 9864: 9859: 9858: 9854: 9844: 9842: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9815: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9790: 9789: 9785: 9775: 9773: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9698:The Independent 9692: 9691: 9687: 9677: 9675: 9670: 9669: 9665: 9655: 9653: 9652:. 18 March 2020 9644: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9603: 9601: 9596: 9595: 9591: 9581: 9579: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9557: 9553: 9543: 9541: 9531: 9527: 9517: 9515: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9493: 9489: 9479: 9477: 9462: 9458: 9448: 9446: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9422: 9420: 9415: 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9357: 9349: 9345: 9337: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9313: 9309: 9301: 9294: 9288:Birtchnell 1988 9286: 9282: 9272: 9270: 9262: 9261: 9257: 9247: 9245: 9238: 9237: 9233: 9227:Birtchnell 1988 9225: 9221: 9215:114 Appendix IV 9209: 9205: 9197: 9193: 9189:, pp. 7–8. 9185: 9181: 9171: 9169: 9168:on 2 April 2016 9162:Ashridge.org.uk 9156: 9155: 9151: 9120: 9116: 9108: 9104: 9094: 9092: 9089:The Independent 9079: 9078: 9074: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9036: 9026: 9024: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8996: 8995: 8991: 8983: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8958: 8954: 8944: 8942: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8911: 8910: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8870: 8864:Birtchnell 1988 8862: 8855: 8845: 8843: 8835: 8831: 8830: 8826: 8816: 8814: 8805: 8804: 8800: 8790: 8788: 8779: 8778: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8755: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8727: 8725: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8661: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8635: 8633: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8613: 8611: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8581: 8580: 8573: 8563: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8499: 8497: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8462: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8438: 8437: 8430: 8420: 8418: 8414: 8413: 8409: 8399: 8397: 8393:TheGuardian.com 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8362:"Herts Insight" 8360: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8338: 8337: 8324: 8314: 8312: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8280:. 16 March 2018 8272: 8271: 8267: 8257: 8255: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8228: 8227: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8186: 8184: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8165: 8161: 8152: 8148: 8139: 8135: 8125: 8123: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8096: 8094: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8077: 8073: 8064: 8060: 8047: 8045: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7998: 7994: 7985: 7981: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7902: 7900: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7861: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7749:TheGuardian.com 7742: 7741: 7734: 7724: 7722: 7712: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7624: 7616: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7594: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7534: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7489:on 2 April 2015 7475: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7364: 7358: 7354: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7329: 7327: 7321:"Marian Alford" 7319: 7318: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7266:, p. none. 7262: 7258: 7248: 7246: 7239: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7144: 7136: 7129: 7121: 7117: 7109: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7031: 7022: 7012: 7010: 7003: 6999: 6991: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6958: 6952: 6948: 6940: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6890: 6886: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6851: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6817: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6789: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6741: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6693:on 4 March 2016 6690: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6614:"Hertfordshire" 6612: 6611: 6607: 6599: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6572:Birtchnell 1988 6570: 6555: 6547: 6541: 6537: 6529: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6492:978-071904377-2 6479: 6475: 6465: 6463: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6430: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6365: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6299: 6295: 6287: 6280: 6272: 6265: 6258: 6257:978-064643477-3 6242: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6191: 6184: 6178:Williamson 2010 6176: 6169: 6159: 6157: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6075:978-131787287-0 6060: 6051: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 6009:"About Dacorum" 6007: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5989:on 4 March 2016 5986: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5967: 5959: 5955: 5933: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5913:. Open Domesday 5909: 5908: 5901: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5773:Carter, Laura. 5771: 5767: 5751: 5745: 5738: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5688: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5624:Williamson 2010 5622: 5615: 5611:, pp. 5–6. 5607: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5406: 5400: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5283: 5275: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5229: 5222: 5221:978-074780507-6 5208: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5148:, pp. 2–5. 5144: 5140: 5132: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5044: 5032: 5028: 5017: 5000: 4993: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4965:978-019960908-6 4950: 4946: 4938: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4849: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4742:on 3 March 2016 4739: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4706:on 4 March 2016 4703: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4635:rather than on 4626: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4586: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4542:G. M. Trevelyan 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4455: 4442: 4434:Berkhamsted is 4432: 4427: 4421: 4319:Horniman Museum 4289:lumber mill on 4241:National School 4150: 4120:Hemel Hempstead 4104: 4096:Tour of Britain 4092:mountain biking 4011: 3991: 3904: 3848:Maria Edgeworth 3823: 3818: 3760:Battle of Crecy 3721:military prison 3717:General Fairfax 3681: 3679:Religious sites 3673:online learning 3578:Ashridge Priory 3559: 3557:Business school 3463: 3439:was the author 3437:former students 3404:Thomas Cromwell 3363: 3358: 3350:Transition Town 3332:Urbanism Awards 3317: 3261:turnpike trusts 3249: 3243: 3190: 3147: 3130: 3117: 3108: 3083: 3058: 3053: 3018:Great Gaddesden 2990: 2966: 2946: 2936: 2926: 2905: 2895: 2879: 2862: 2854: 2803:ancient borough 2799: 2752:Hemel Hempstead 2717: 2692: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2408:oceanic climate 2404: 2384:Great Gaddesden 2325:Great Missenden 2311:and the fellow 2305:Buckinghamshire 2281: 2231:; once part of 2135:River Bulbourne 2129:growing on the 2087:chalk downlands 2071: 2043: 2019:First World War 2015: 2013:First World War 1947: 1923:Whomping Willow 1895:National School 1869: 1775:The Canal trade 1740: 1716: 1711: 1670:Long Parliament 1606:Hemel Hempstead 1590: 1584: 1555:Ashridge Priory 1408: 1384: 1299:Battle of Crécy 1295:English longbow 1237:Ashridge Priory 1167:St Albans abbey 1047: 1041: 1014:ancient borough 948:, crossing the 930: 924: 905:Norman conquest 888: 769: 698: 693: 633:Maria Edgeworth 544:ancient borough 513:Hemel Hempstead 477: 442: 438: 421: 419: 415: 412: 407: 404: 402: 400: 399: 398: 378: 370: 347:East of England 262: 252: 234: 216: 193: 192: 174: 173: 172: 171: 165: 164: 163: 162: 158: 137: 125: 124: 123: 122: 118: 117: 116: 108: 107: 98: 97: 96: 88: 87: 78: 77: 76: 68: 67: 50: 40: 39:Town in England 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12211: 12201: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12157: 12151: 12149: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12125: 12123: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12074: 12072: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12032:Abbots Langley 12028: 12026: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12011:Wheathampstead 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11976:Harpenden Town 11973: 11967: 11965: 11956: 11955: 11953: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11776: 11774: 11765: 11764: 11762: 11761: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11731: 11729: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11639:Sawbridgeworth 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11584:Hertford Heath 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11564:Furneux Pelham 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11465: 11463: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11369: 11367: 11358: 11357: 11350:Civil parishes 11346: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11323: 11314: 11313: 11311: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11197: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11151: 11149:Sawbridgeworth 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11050: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10980: 10965: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10913: 10912:External links 10910: 10908: 10907: 10901: 10888: 10871: 10859: 10854:978-0952813118 10853: 10840: 10834: 10821: 10815: 10802: 10796: 10783: 10777: 10764: 10758: 10745: 10739: 10726: 10720: 10707: 10688: 10677: 10660: 10654: 10641: 10635: 10622: 10616: 10600: 10594: 10581: 10575: 10562: 10556: 10543: 10524: 10518: 10504: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10483: 10482: 10476: 10463: 10457: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10409: 10383: 10371: 10359: 10347: 10335: 10320: 10308: 10296: 10274: 10252: 10230: 10199: 10197:, p. 206. 10187: 10175: 10149: 10123: 10098: 10072: 10059:British Papers 10046: 10025: 10004: 9978: 9952: 9926: 9900: 9874: 9852: 9830: 9808: 9783: 9761: 9735: 9711: 9685: 9663: 9637: 9611: 9589: 9563: 9561:, p. 102. 9551: 9525: 9514:. 14 June 2014 9499: 9487: 9456: 9445:. 7 March 2014 9430: 9408: 9382: 9355: 9343: 9341:, p. 107. 9331: 9329:, p. 106. 9319: 9317:, p. 105. 9307: 9305:, p. 104. 9292: 9280: 9255: 9231: 9229:, p. 102. 9219: 9203: 9201:, p. 227. 9191: 9179: 9149: 9114: 9102: 9072: 9070:, p. 120. 9060: 9034: 9011: 8989: 8987:, p. 116. 8974: 8952: 8930: 8904: 8902:, p. 114. 8892: 8880: 8878:, p. 122. 8868: 8853: 8824: 8813:. 26 June 2017 8798: 8772: 8749: 8696: 8675: 8643: 8621: 8599: 8571: 8549: 8538:Roscoe, Thomas 8529: 8507: 8481: 8453: 8428: 8407: 8379: 8353: 8340:"Data Sources" 8322: 8291: 8265: 8243: 8216: 8203:"Data Sources" 8194: 8172: 8168:Bucks Examiner 8159: 8155:Bucks Examiner 8146: 8142:Bucks Examiner 8133: 8107: 8080: 8071: 8058: 8031: 8005: 7992: 7979: 7966: 7940: 7928: 7910: 7888: 7876: 7863:"Data Sources" 7854: 7832: 7806: 7784: 7763: 7732: 7706: 7694: 7692:, p. 8-9. 7682: 7670: 7648: 7622: 7610: 7588: 7561: 7539: 7532: 7512: 7500: 7469: 7437: 7426:. 30 July 2014 7415: 7385: 7352: 7337: 7325:National Trust 7312: 7290: 7268: 7256: 7244:National Trust 7228: 7200: 7178: 7157: 7142: 7127: 7115: 7096: 7070: 7058: 7037: 7020: 6997: 6980: 6969:(3): 128–138. 6946: 6944:, p. 102. 6929: 6927:, p. 122. 6917: 6884: 6877: 6857: 6845: 6823: 6806: 6783: 6771: 6769:, p. 130. 6767:Mackenzie 1896 6759: 6747: 6732: 6720: 6704: 6672: 6660: 6648: 6646:, p. 240. 6631: 6605: 6588: 6576: 6553: 6535: 6520: 6498: 6491: 6473: 6448: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6371: 6352: 6330: 6305: 6293: 6278: 6274:Mackenzie 1896 6263: 6256: 6236: 6224: 6209: 6207:, p. 132. 6197: 6195:, p. 202. 6182: 6180:, p. 219. 6167: 6141: 6112: 6081: 6074: 6049: 6042: 6022: 6000: 5965: 5953: 5938:, ed. (1911). 5936:Chisholm, Hugh 5924: 5899: 5887: 5861: 5830: 5808: 5792: 5765: 5736: 5710: 5698: 5679: 5655: 5640: 5628: 5626:, p. 152. 5613: 5601: 5597:Whitelock 1968 5589: 5558: 5527: 5505: 5476: 5464: 5446: 5431: 5394: 5370: 5348: 5322: 5281: 5266: 5227: 5220: 5199: 5174: 5150: 5138: 5123: 5096: 5073: 5042: 5026: 4998: 4992:978009194043-0 4991: 4971: 4964: 4944: 4929: 4903: 4874: 4840: 4818: 4791: 4780:on 5 June 2023 4765: 4753: 4717: 4685: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4641: 4620: 4610: 4593: 4584: 4563: 4554: 4523: 4514: 4506:minuscule hand 4488: 4486: 4483: 4467: 4466: 4453: 4431: 4428: 4423:Main article: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4388:National Trust 4369:Gothic Revival 4361:country estate 4354: 4315:British Museum 4267: 4266: 4248: 4244: 4236:charity school 4232: 4231:built in 1684. 4225: 4222: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4149: 4146: 4116:Crystal Palace 4103: 4100: 4061:, play in the 4059:Berkhamsted FC 4010: 4007: 3990: 3987: 3903: 3900: 3872:Peter Quennell 3868:Claud Cockburn 3840:William Cowper 3830:clerk of works 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3806:Roman Catholic 3729:William Cowper 3680: 3677: 3638:Fabian Society 3610:Ashridge House 3574:Ashridge House 3558: 3555: 3550:William Camden 3497:Ashlyns School 3478:Ashlyns School 3462: 3459: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3316: 3313: 3245:Main article: 3242: 3239: 3229:. Separately, 3210:William Jessop 3189: 3186: 3146: 3143: 3129: 3126: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3082: 3079: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2972: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2871: 2870: 2868:Urban District 2864: 2863: 2860: 2853: 2850: 2811:poor law union 2798: 2795: 2789:on 6 May, the 2716: 2713: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2419: 2403: 2400: 2301:Chiltern Hills 2295:. Taking the 2287:and the large 2280: 2277: 2273:Chiltern Hills 2225:National Trust 2083:Chiltern Hills 2070: 2067: 2042: 2039: 2014: 2011: 1994:National Trust 1979:Augustus Smith 1959:Ashridge House 1946: 1942:Land dispute: 1940: 1891:Poor Law Board 1868: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1814:William Cooper 1803: 1789: 1781:Boat building: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1739: 1736: 1724:Industrial Age 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1630:King Charles I 1586:Main article: 1583: 1580: 1578:(18 km). 1462:. The growing 1438:) and his Lady 1407: 1404: 1388:United Kingdom 1383: 1380: 1315:Robert de Vere 1261:Piers Gaveston 1235:, who founded 1215:and later the 1106:King Richard I 1077:High and Late 1043:Main article: 1040: 1037: 926:Main article: 923: 920: 887: 884: 883: 882: 875: 867: 768: 765: 697: 694: 692: 689: 685:Ashridge House 669:Ashlyns School 629:William Cowper 521:Chiltern Hills 430: 429: 417:51.76°N 0.56°W 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 379:List of places 375: 372: 371: 369: 368: 362: 360: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 320: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 300: 299: 294: 288: 287: 284: 278: 277: 276:United Kingdom 274: 268: 267: 260: 254: 253: 251: 250: 244: 242: 236: 235: 233: 232: 226: 224: 218: 217: 215: 214: 208: 206: 200: 199: 190: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 166: 160: 159: 152: 151: 145: 144: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 127: 126: 120: 119: 110: 109: 101: 100: 99: 90: 89: 81: 80: 79: 70: 69: 61: 60: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12210: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12166: 12156: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12146: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12120: 12114: 12113:Woolmer Green 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12083:Ayot St Peter 12081: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12068: 12064: 12058: 12057:Watford Rural 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12047:Croxley Green 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12022: 12018: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11986:London Colney 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11855:King's Walden 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11770: 11766: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11725: 11721: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11619:Little Munden 11617: 11615: 11614:Little Hadham 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11459: 11455: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11408:Kings Langley 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11354:Hertfordshire 11351: 11344: 11339: 11337: 11332: 11330: 11325: 11324: 11321: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11288:High Sheriffs 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11213: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11191: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11171:Waltham Cross 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11156: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11139:Rickmansworth 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11043: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10977: 10976:Hertfordshire 10971: 10963: 10958: 10956: 10951: 10949: 10944: 10943: 10940: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10904: 10898: 10894: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10872: 10865: 10860: 10856: 10850: 10846: 10841: 10837: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10808: 10803: 10799: 10793: 10789: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10765: 10761: 10755: 10751: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10727: 10723: 10721:9780851156002 10717: 10713: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10695: 10689: 10685: 10684: 10678: 10674: 10670: 10666: 10661: 10657: 10651: 10647: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10628: 10623: 10619: 10613: 10609: 10608: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10587: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10568: 10563: 10559: 10553: 10549: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10511: 10506: 10505: 10499: 10498:0-900804-13-0 10495: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10479: 10473: 10469: 10464: 10460: 10454: 10450: 10445: 10444: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10397: 10393: 10387: 10381:, p. 52. 10380: 10375: 10368: 10363: 10356: 10351: 10345:, p. 21. 10344: 10339: 10333:, p. 66. 10332: 10327: 10325: 10318:, p. 20. 10317: 10312: 10306:, p. 15. 10305: 10300: 10285: 10278: 10262: 10256: 10240: 10234: 10219: 10218: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10196: 10191: 10184: 10179: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10138: 10134: 10127: 10108: 10102: 10086: 10082: 10076: 10060: 10056: 10050: 10035: 10034:"Tring Radio" 10029: 10014: 10008: 9992: 9988: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9940: 9936: 9930: 9914: 9910: 9904: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9862: 9856: 9840: 9834: 9818: 9812: 9797: 9793: 9787: 9771: 9765: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9721: 9715: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9673: 9667: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9599: 9593: 9577: 9576:The Telegraph 9573: 9567: 9560: 9555: 9540: 9536: 9529: 9513: 9512:The Economist 9509: 9503: 9496: 9491: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9466: 9460: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9418: 9412: 9397: 9393: 9386: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9353:, p. 46. 9352: 9347: 9340: 9335: 9328: 9323: 9316: 9311: 9304: 9299: 9297: 9289: 9284: 9269: 9265: 9259: 9243: 9242: 9235: 9228: 9223: 9216: 9212: 9207: 9200: 9199:Sherwood 2008 9195: 9188: 9183: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9106: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9076: 9069: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9022: 9015: 8999: 8993: 8986: 8981: 8979: 8963: 8956: 8940: 8934: 8918: 8914: 8908: 8901: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8866:, p. 30. 8865: 8860: 8858: 8841: 8834: 8828: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8760: 8753: 8738: 8724: 8720: 8706: 8700: 8685: 8684:"Berkhamsted" 8679: 8660: 8653: 8647: 8631: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8559: 8553: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8533: 8517: 8511: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8466: 8460: 8458: 8441: 8435: 8433: 8417: 8411: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8383: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8341: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8296: 8279: 8275: 8269: 8253: 8247: 8231: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8204: 8198: 8182: 8176: 8169: 8163: 8156: 8150: 8143: 8137: 8121: 8117: 8111: 8104: 8092: 8091: 8084: 8075: 8068: 8062: 8055: 8043: 8042: 8035: 8019: 8017: 8009: 8002: 7996: 7989: 7983: 7976: 7970: 7955: 7954:The Workhouse 7951: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7925:. 8 May 2021. 7924: 7920: 7914: 7898: 7892: 7885: 7880: 7864: 7858: 7842: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7794: 7788: 7773: 7767: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7739: 7737: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7674: 7658: 7652: 7644: 7637: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7619: 7614: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7572: 7565: 7549: 7543: 7535: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7516: 7510:, p. 32. 7509: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7454: 7447: 7441: 7425: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7398:Hemel Gazette 7395: 7389: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7348: 7341: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7300: 7294: 7278: 7272: 7265: 7260: 7245: 7238: 7232: 7217: 7216: 7215:New Statesman 7211: 7204: 7189: 7182: 7167: 7161: 7155:, p. 27. 7154: 7149: 7147: 7140:, p. 25. 7139: 7134: 7132: 7124: 7119: 7113:, p. 24. 7112: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7068:, p. 68. 7067: 7062: 7047: 7041: 7035:, p. 23. 7034: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7008: 7001: 6990: 6984: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6926: 6921: 6913: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6888: 6880: 6878:9780819572684 6874: 6870: 6869: 6861: 6854: 6849: 6833: 6827: 6821:, p. 26. 6820: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6763: 6757:, p. 12. 6756: 6751: 6744: 6739: 6737: 6729: 6724: 6717: 6713: 6708: 6689: 6682: 6676: 6670:, p. 56. 6669: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6602: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6585: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6546: 6539: 6533:, p. 10. 6532: 6527: 6525: 6508: 6502: 6494: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6425: 6418:, p. 105 6417: 6416:Pettifer 1995 6412: 6406:, p. 52. 6405: 6400: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6368: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6340: 6334: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6303:, p. 17. 6302: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6283: 6276:, p. 128 6275: 6270: 6268: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6240: 6233: 6232:Liddiard 2005 6228: 6221: 6216: 6214: 6206: 6201: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6179: 6174: 6172: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6129: 6124: 6116: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6077: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6045: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6026: 6010: 6004: 5985: 5978: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5957: 5949: 5948: 5942: 5937: 5931: 5929: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5896: 5891: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5761: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5741: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5715: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5665: 5659: 5652: 5647: 5645: 5638:, p. 16. 5637: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5618: 5610: 5605: 5599:, p. 14. 5598: 5593: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5474:, p. 14. 5473: 5468: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5416: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5380: 5374: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5251: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5204: 5184: 5178: 5160: 5154: 5147: 5142: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5058: 5057: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4994: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4975: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4948: 4942:, p. 60. 4941: 4936: 4934: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4828: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4763:, p. 73. 4762: 4757: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4721: 4702: 4695: 4689: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4645: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4614: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4570:Later in the 4567: 4558: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4426: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4397:Sleepy Hollow 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4372:country house 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4299:First Nations 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4154: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4129:on 103.8 FM, 4128: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3967:Egerton House 3964: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948:Charles Dance 3944: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3908: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3880:Cecil Parrott 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864:Graham Greene 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844:Victorian era 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782:Meeting House 3779: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3748:Early English 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3685: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3647: 3646:Arthur Bryant 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570:Hult Ashridge 3563: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3538:Son of Rambow 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509:royal charter 3506: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3467: 3461:State schools 3458: 3456: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3441:Graham Greene 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417:royal charter 3413: 3409: 3408:sequestration 3405: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3373:public school 3371: 3367: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274:London Euston 3270: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204:In 1798, the 3199: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3172:Whipsnade Zoo 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:coaching inns 3156: 3152: 3139: 3134: 3125: 3123: 3112: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3063: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2996:Hertfordshire 2994: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: • 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2941:31 March 1974 2940: 2934: 2931:15 April 1898 2930: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2768:Kings Langley 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2685: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2615:precipitation 2611: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260:burgage plots 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2169:of the large 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055:New Towns Act 2052: 2047: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:Western Front 2024: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1919:Richard Mabey 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1843: 1842:Iron working: 1840: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1769:Brush making: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666:Pride's Purge 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650:Daniel Axtell 1646: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634:Privy Chamber 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1589: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1417:royal charter 1414: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 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710: 706: 702: 688: 686: 682: 679:in 1742; and 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 637:Graham Greene 634: 630: 625: 623: 622:commuter town 619: 615: 611: 610:Daniel Axtell 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 591:Thomas Becket 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:Domesday Book 545: 541: 537: 536:Akeman Street 533: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 485:Hertfordshire 482: 481: 472: 436: 426: 395: 394:Hertfordshire 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 377: 376: 373: 367: 364: 363: 361: 359: 355: 351: 348: 345: 343: 339: 336: 335:Hertfordshire 333: 331: 327: 324: 323:Hertfordshire 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 305: 301: 298: 295: 293: 289: 285: 283: 279: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 259: 255: 249: 246: 245: 243: 241: 237: 231: 230:Hertfordshire 228: 227: 225: 223: 219: 213: 210: 209: 207: 205: 201: 196: 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 170: 169:Hertfordshire 149: 140: 133: 128: 114: 105: 94: 85: 74: 65: 55: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 12198:Market towns 12165: 12021:Three 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Barrie 3833: 3824: 3790:Presbyterian 3769: 3733: 3694: 3690: 3659:programmes, 3650: 3568: 3536: 3505:Thomas Coram 3494: 3490:state school 3487: 3484:coat of arms 3471:Neoclassical 3453: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3401: 3384: 3364: 3344: 3337:cafe culture 3331: 3329: 3318: 3305:East Croydon 3282: 3258: 3226: 3214:River Thames 3203: 3179: 3148: 3118: 3109: 3092: 3084: 3071: 3067:Sunday Times 3059: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3010: 2835: 2831: 2800: 2783:town council 2779:town council 2772: 2741: 2718: 2693: 2617:mm (inches) 2414: 2405: 2388:Bedfordshire 2333: 2313:market towns 2309:Ashley Green 2282: 2256: 2219:and down to 2190: 2139:chalk stream 2080: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2016: 1987: 1972:Berkhamsted 1963: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1932: 1928:Harry Potter 1926: 1899:soup kitchen 1878: 1859: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1831: 1805: 1795: 1791: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1754: 1749: 1731: 1717: 1673: 1647: 1623: 1599: 1571:Black Prince 1548: 1535:wheelwrights 1496: 1488:wood turners 1476: 1468:Tudor period 1441: 1409: 1391: 1385: 1347: 1333: 1323: 1319:John Holland 1277: 1202: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1134: 1095: 1064: 1029:John Hatcher 1009: 990: 950:River Thames 931: 909: 889: 852: 847: 839: 812:Catuvellauni 809: 805:Grim's Ditch 778: 758: 753: 741: 737: 733: 725: 720: 712: 708: 677:Thomas Coram 626: 607: 599:wool trading 562:army at the 539: 529: 523:which is an 497:town council 493:civil parish 434: 433: 422:51.76; -0.56 136:Coat of arms 36: 12178:Berkhamsted 12098:North Mymms 12042:Chorleywood 11925:St Ippolyts 11820:Great Ashby 11755:South Mimms 11629:Much Hadham 11539:Buntingford 11443:Tring Rural 11433:Northchurch 11378:Berkhamsted 11134:Potters Bar 11094:Chorleywood 11079:Buntingford 11069:Borehamwood 11059:Berkhamsted 10607:Shell Guide 10402:16 February 10379:Hastie 1999 10367:Tearle 1998 10355:Tearle 1998 10343:Tearle 1998 10331:Hastie 1999 10289:27 December 10267:27 December 10245:27 December 10195:Hastie 1996 10065:15 November 10039:15 November 10018:15 November 9997:15 November 9971:15 November 9801:23 November 9776:27 November 9754:27 November 9559:Birkin 2003 9375:15 December 9351:Birkin 2003 9339:Hastie 1999 9327:Hastie 1999 9315:Hastie 1999 9303:Hastie 1999 9273:25 November 9248:16 December 9068:Hastie 1999 9047:Hemel Today 9027:11 November 9004:11 November 8985:Hastie 1999 8900:Hastie 1999 8888:Hastie 1999 8876:Hastie 1999 8811:Retail Week 8791:12 November 8765:30 November 8689:14 November 8614:11 November 8421:21 December 8346:19 November 8209:19 November 7959:1 September 7825:15 February 7795:. Microsoft 7690:Hastie 1996 7678:Hastie 1996 7618:Hastie 1996 7581:28 December 7462:29 November 7430:11 November 7305:19 November 7249:19 November 7066:Hastie 1999 7013:10 December 6942:Hastie 1999 6714:, pp. 6697:24 December 6513:21 November 6367:Remfry 1998 6301:Hastie 1999 6193:Hastie 1996 5917:21 November 5785:13 November 5762:(3): 59–62. 5721:Presenter: 5706:Remfry 1998 5692:, pp. 5672:29 November 5636:Hastie 1999 5472:Hastie 1996 5424:24 December 5387:23 December 5315:10 December 5134:Hastie 1999 5104:Bolton, A. 5089:13 November 5021:, pp. 4940:Hastie 1999 4833:17 February 4811:15 February 4784:19 November 4761:Hastie 1999 4678:26 November 4572:Middle Ages 4498:Old English 4475:Connecticut 4471:Barkhamsted 4382:programme ( 4321:in London, 4219:John Incent 3963:Elizabethan 3956:Terry Jones 3752:restoration 3736:Latin cross 3727:. The poet 3614:James Wyatt 3377:John Incent 3352:community. 3293:Northampton 3212:) from the 2974:Berkhamsted 2859:Berkhamsted 2827:local board 2356:county town 2336:Northchurch 2147:Northchurch 2131:flood plain 2127:alder trees 2017:During the 1792:Watercress: 1686:Restoration 1674:coup d'état 1638:John Norden 1575:Black Death 1448:Plantagenet 1368:Richard III 1205:Henry III's 1165:, based at 1137:Magna Carta 1089:and in the 1079:Middle Ages 988:dynasties. 986:Plantagenet 970:Earl Morcar 954:Wallingford 916:Middle Ages 879:Middle Ages 844:Cirencester 816:Northchurch 744:, meaning " 730:Old English 723:Anglo-Saxon 709:Barkhamsted 661:John Incent 560:Anglo-Saxon 556:King Harold 532:High Street 517:Northchurch 499:within the 435:Berkhamsted 420: / 286:BERKHAMSTED 161:Berkhamsted 45:Berkhamsted 12172:Categories 12129:Broxbourne 12037:Batchworth 12006:St Stephen 12001:St Michael 11940:Wallington 11679:Thundridge 11659:Stapleford 11549:Datchworth 11423:Nash Mills 11129:Letchworth 11074:Broxbourne 10991:Broxbourne 9991:UK Free TV 9965:UK Free TV 9893:18 October 9867:15 October 9845:1 December 9728:4 November 9704:4 November 9678:4 November 9656:4 November 9630:4 November 9518:20 January 9213:, p. 9053:27 January 8945:27 January 8923:27 January 8592:4 November 8372:29 January 8315:31 October 7903:8 December 7869:29 January 7777:4 February 7720:The Grocer 7408:14 October 7378:24 October 7330:15 January 7221:7 November 6925:Reece 2013 6914:required.) 6838:20 October 6624:5 February 6404:Brown 1989 6015:20 January 5880:7 December 5802:, p. 5723:Sam Willis 5551:19 October 5116:23 October 5038:Appendix I 4746:20 January 4710:5 February 4655:References 4608:, in 1256. 4510:New Jersey 4430:Twin towns 4327:Bushy Park 4303:Henry Hunt 4283:totem pole 4229:almshouses 4112:ITV London 4108:BBC London 3952:Mike Leigh 3922:Judi Dench 3884:H. E. 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