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126:, the political ADC to the Secretary of State for India. In the aftermath of the assassination, India House was rapidly suppressed. Evidence found showed that Browning pistols were being sent to India in order to bring about an armed revolution. Savarkar was deported from England, and denied asylum by the French government on a stop in Marseilles) while Krishna Varma successfully fled to
260:
With the help of
Oppenheim, messages were sent out to Indian students in German universities, as well as Switzerland, Austria and the Netherlands, who were likely to share the same views. Among those who joined the organisation at the time were Dr. Dhiren Sarkar, Chanji Kersasp, N. S. Marathe, Dr.
370:
after 1915) created an Indo-German-Turkish mission to the Indo-Iranian border to encourage the tribes to strike against
British interests. At this time, the Berlin Committee was in touch with the Khairi brothers (Abdul Jabbar Khairi and Abdul Sattar Khairi) who had settled in
284:, then in the United States. The latter was suspected by British intelligence in the United States to be deeply involved in the seditionist movement although he personally refused to enter an alliance with another Imperialist Power. In 1915,
3852:
1002:
188:
in Russia. As these students were political novices, Oppenheim sought to find more prominent revolutionaries who would carry more weight in the community. Otto
Gunther von Wesendonck, a young officer of the
40:) after 1915, was an organisation formed in Germany in 1914 during World War I by Indian students and political activists residing in the country. The purpose of the committee was to promote the cause of
157:
had considered the option on 31 July 1914 when
Russian mobilisation was confirmed, and the scope of British mobilisation against Germany was becoming evident. In September 1914, the German Chancellor,
29:
448:
and other prominent nationalists from the Berlin group. Known as the
NiedermayerâHentig mission, it brought members of the Indian movement to India's border, and carried messages from the Kaiser,
563:, with associated liaisons of the German mission had a profound effect on the political and social situation in Afghanistan. It catalyzed political change that ended with the assassination of
559:
before meeting the Kaiser in Berlin; he urged both to mobilise against
British India. Under pressure from the British, the Afghans withdrew their cooperation and the mission closed down. The
969:
Seidt, Hans-Ulrich (2001), "From
Palestine to the Caucasus-Oskar Niedermayer and Germany's Middle Eastern Strategy in 1918.German Studies Review, Vol. 24, No. 1. (Feb., 2001), pp. 1-18",
471:
Although the Amir made no commitment to the group, they found support amongst the Amir's immediate and close political and religious advisory group, including his brother
326:. They visited armament and explosives factories to identify war material, and met with Indian prisoners-of-war held in Germany to recruit them to the nationalist cause.
4019:
3706:
2497:
935:
Sims-Williams, Ursula (1980), "The Afghan
Newspaper Siraj al-Akhbar. Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 7, No. 2. (1980), pp. 118â122",
330:, who had fled to Germany after his arrest in the United States, was convinced to lend his support to the committee's cause. They established contacts with the
1054:
238:
Facilitate repatriation of Indian patriots in Europe and provide asylum in case of failure (and not yield to pressure as had happened in the case of
Savarkar)
195:, was given the task of organising revolutionary outbreaks along the Indian and Russian border. With the help of their close acquaintance Anna Maria Simon,
2363:
1003:"Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische UnabhĂ€ngigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des AuswĂ€rtigen Amts (1914â1920).
44:. Initially called the BerlinâIndian Committee, the organisation was renamed the Indian Independence Committee and came to be an integral part of the
3372:
519:
2353:
464:, expressing support for Pratap's mission. They asked the Amir to move against India. The mission's immediate goal was to rally the Amir against
92:
and others, offered scholarships to Indian students, promoted nationalistic work, and was a major platform for anti-colonial opinions and views.
551:
in Russia in 1917, Pratap's
Government is known to have corresponded with the nascent Soviet Government. In 1918, Pratap met the Russian leader
3399:
2506:
1304:
908:
Fraser, Thomas G (1977), "Germany and Indian Revolution, 1914â18. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), pp. 255â272.",
811:
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became actively involved in the Berlin Committee and its goals. The committee is known to have sent missions to the Middle Eastern cities of
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535:
334:
in the United States. Dr. Dhiren Sarkar and N.S. Marathe left for Washington, D.C., on 22 September 1915 and, through the German Ambassador,
215:
in addition to Germany, attracting editorial comments. The duo, with the help of Frau Simon, set up meetings with the Berlin Foreign office.
99:
published by Krishna Varma, was a notable anti-colonial publication. Prominent Indian Nationalists associated with the India House included
952:
Hughes, Thomas L (2002), "The German Mission to Afghanistan, 1915â1916.German Studies Review, Vol. 25, No. 3. (Oct., 2002), pp. 447â476.",
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which proposed killing British colonial officials. English detectives followed and watched the student leaders in India House. In 1909,
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2348:
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891:
Hoover, Karl. (1985), "The Hindu Conspiracy in California, 1913â1918. German Studies Review, Vol. 8, No. 2. (May, 1985), pp. 245â261",
384:
130:. Those who continued the struggle, including Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, moved to Germany, while a number of the leadership moved to
142:
At the outbreak of World War I, Indian nationalists looked for ways to use the enmities to support their goals. As early as 1912, the
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184:), along with Abd ur Rahman and A Siddiqui, had issued statements condemning England and France for their support of the
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The British government kept track of India House because of the nature of its work and the increasingly inciting tone of
927:
Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialist. Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3. (1986), pp. 509â537
583:
The committee was formally disbanded in November 1918, with most of the members shifting their attention to the nascent
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in October 1915 with plans to initiate a Muslim insurrection in the tribal belt of India. Ubaid Allah proposed that the
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231:, on 3 September 1915, Chattopadhyay (also known as Chatto) identified the goals and requirements of the committee:
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should declare war against Britain while Mahmud al Hasan sought German and Turkish help. Hasan proceeded to
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Its formation infers the seriousness of intention and purpose of the revolutionaries. The government had
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Dignan, Don (February 1971), "The Hindu Conspiracy in Anglo-American Relations during World War I",
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428:" against Britain, decided that the pan-Islamic cause would be better served by focusing on the
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169:. He was to organize the Indian student groups into a cohesive group. Oppenheim also convinced
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articles and propaganda. By May 1916, the tone in the paper was deemed serious enough for the
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432:. This group was met by the Indo-German-Turkish mission to Kabul in December 1915, headed by
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suburbs, as their new headquarters. In their first meeting with the foreign office liaison
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and to obtain a right of free passage for the conspirators from the Afghan Government.
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no concession to Indian Principalities opposed to the plan to form a Socialist Republic
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in England in 1905. This organisation, with the support of Indian luminaries like
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A group of Indians resident in Germany, headed by M. Prabhakar (then teaching at
85:
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issued similar statements against Britain and France, which were distributed in
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The committee soon established contacts with Indian revolutionaries, including
241:
train Indians at Spandau and other military bases, including on submarine mines
147:
411:. Ubaid Allah, in the meantime, established friendly relations with the Amir.
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331:
16:
Pan-Indian independence think tank and conspiracy circle in WW1-era Germany
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At Kabul, Ubaid Allah, along with some students who had preceded him to
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1975:
1890:
1542:
1426:
1261:
994:
862:
587:. Between 1917 and 1920, most of the members became active Communists.
503:
to intercept its issues. In 1916, the Berlin Committee established the
487:, took Barkatullah as an officiating editor in early 1916. Its editor
134:. This set of fugitives would later coalesce in the Berlin Committee.
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1995:
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285:
170:
108:
978:
846:
235:
For the Germans to provide money, arms, experts in military strategy
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1592:
1236:
1027:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
388:
379:. In 1917 they had proposed to the Kaiser a plan to lead tribes in
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293:
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457:
380:
297:
150:
revolutionary movement in India to weaken the British position.
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1276:
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277:
127:
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as Prime Minister, Ubaid al Sindhi as the Minister for India,
540:
461:
424:
408:
400:
301:
131:
272:
Although the group urged him, Oppenheim refused to approach
265:, and C. Padmanabhan Pillai, quickly joined by his brother,
578:
185:
122:, closely associated with the India House, shot and killed
223:
Arriving at Berlin, they were assigned a building in the
526:
as Foreign Minister. It tried to gain support from the
440:, the German diplomatic representative to Kabul; and
387:
against British interests. Another group, led by the
269:. The 'Champak-Chatto' Berlin Committee was founded.
165:, an archaeologist and the head of the newly formed
760:
758:
745:
743:
718:
716:
714:
712:
2505:
869:Newsletter of the Regional Office-South East Asia
3996:
1062:
755:
740:
709:
495:, as well as increasingly anti-British and pro-
491:published a number of inflammatory articles by
146:had considered supporting the Pan-Islamist and
4020:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
366:The Berlin-Indian Committee (which became the
3366:
2491:
1048:
934:
722:
841:(1), University of California Press: 57â76,
3380:
664:
662:
637:
635:
633:
3373:
3359:
2556:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
2498:
2484:
1563:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
1055:
1041:
810:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
782:. Prashad, Vijay. New Delhi, India. 2016.
612:"Champak-Chatto" And the Berlin Committee"
311:
875:"Champak-Chatto And the Berlin Committee"
606:
604:
602:
600:
575:began, which led to Afghan Independence.
250:provide 10 rupee banknotes for secret use
659:
630:
614:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. Archived from
579:End of the Indian Independence Committee
247:provide aircraft for propaganda airdrops
3997:
951:
924:
907:
890:
832:
764:
749:
703:
691:
680:
668:
653:
641:
597:
244:publish literature in Indian languages
3354:
2479:
1036:
968:
939:, London, Taylor & Francis Ltd.,
734:
567:in 1919 and the transfer of power to
1023:Berlin Indian Independence Committee
48:. Members of the committee included
871:. German Academic Exchange Service.
218:
173:of the feasibility of the project.
13:
571:and, subsequently, AmÄnullah; the
14:
4031:
1015:
3735:Intelligence Bureau for the East
3451:
1257:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
436:and including among its members
345:
253:support with radio communication
167:Intelligence Bureau for the East
38:Indisches UnabhÀngigkeitskomitee
3831:Provisional Government of India
1497:Provisional Government of India
910:Journal of Contemporary History
770:
505:Provisional Government of India
391:Maulana Ubaid Allah Sindhi and
352:Provisional Government of India
103:(also known as Veer Savarkar),
973:, German Studies Association,
956:, German Studies Association,
895:, German Studies Association,
728:
697:
685:
674:
647:
137:
1:
3871:Indian Political Intelligence
3836:HinduâGerman Conspiracy Trial
3725:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
3325:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case
3320:HinduâGerman Conspiracy Trial
2507:Indian Revolutionary Movement
835:The Pacific Historical Review
826:
561:NiedermayerâHentig Expedition
368:Indian Independence Committee
362:NiedermayerâHentig Expedition
159:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
72:A number of Indians, notably
67:
25:Indian Independence Committee
4005:Indian independence movement
3959:Ingress into India Ordinance
3811:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
3697:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3396:Indian independence movement
3335:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
3188:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath
2998:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
2598:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya
2106:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
1382:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
1064:Indian independence movement
929:, Cambridge University Press
385:North-West Frontier Province
7:
3310:Delhi Conspiracy Commission
3223:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3183:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath
2893:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath
2296:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
1683:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
538:joined them in proclaiming
201:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
105:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
50:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
10:
4036:
3018:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya
2582:Workers and Peasants Party
2031:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1583:Indian Independence League
1300:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1295:Partition of Bengal (1905)
355:
349:
315:
280:, nor did he try to reach
124:William Hutt Curzon Wyllie
3974:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
3954:Defence of India Act 1915
3941:
3851:
3780:
3717:
3632:
3567:
3460:
3449:
3388:
3277:
3246:
2853:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
2748:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri
2590:
2513:
2422:
2321:
2206:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
2006:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
1826:
1703:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1623:
1578:Indian Home Rule movement
1520:
1417:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1357:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1285:
1222:
1070:
3670:Amarendranath Chatterjee
3340:Rodda company arms heist
3218:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2445:Indian annexation of Goa
2291:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1803:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1568:Indian National Congress
1367:Non-cooperation movement
1008:MIDA Archival Reflexicon
590:
101:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
4015:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
3382:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
3295:Chittagong Armoury Raid
3290:Barisal Conspiracy Case
3233:Vishwanath Vaishampayan
3008:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury
2993:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat
2923:Manoranjan Bhattacharya
2768:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
2541:Communist Consolidation
2450:Indian Independence Act
2036:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
2011:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
1981:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
1718:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
1698:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1533:All-India Muslim League
1487:Royal Air Force strikes
1452:Round table conferences
1442:Chittagong armoury raid
1332:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
1315:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
1085:Porto Grande de Bengala
1011:, ISSN 2628-5029, 1â11.
1001:Liebau, Heike (2019): "
430:Indian Freedom Movement
318:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
312:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
116:The Indian Sociologist,
46:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
4010:Independence movements
3821:Silk Letter Conspiracy
3013:Pratul Chandra Ganguli
2728:Binod Bihari Chowdhury
2546:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti
2521:Abhinav Bharat Society
2236:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
2141:Purushottam Das Tandon
1507:Praja Mandala movement
1321:The Indian Sociologist
886:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
573:Third Anglo-Afghan War
438:Werner Otto von Hentig
340:Annie Larsen arms plot
180:after graduating from
95:The Indian Sociologist
37:
3607:Abhinash Bhattacharya
3406:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3305:Delhi conspiracy case
3259:Bande Mataram (Paris)
3123:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3088:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
3053:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj
2988:Panchanan Chakraborty
2938:Mohan Kishore Namadas
2873:Krishnaji Gopal Karve
2708:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
2693:Bhagwati Charan Vohra
2572:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
2460:Political integration
2201:Shyamji Krishna Varma
1986:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1931:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1763:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1723:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1528:All India Kisan Sabha
1492:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
1392:Qissa Khwani massacre
1377:Coolie-Begar movement
1192:Second Anglo-Sikh War
971:German Studies Review
954:German Studies Review
925:Ansari, K.H. (1986),
912:, Sage Publications,
893:German Studies Review
814:) CS1 maint: others (
434:Oskar von Niedermayer
358:Oskar von Niedermayer
197:Abhinash Bhattacharya
144:German Foreign Office
74:Shyamji Krishna Varma
23:, later known as the
3853:Counter-intelligence
3228:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
3118:Shrish Chandra Ghosh
2878:Kartar Singh Sarabha
2743:Chandra Shekhar Azad
2738:Chempakaraman Pillai
2733:Bipin Behari Ganguli
2688:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee
2663:Basanta Kumar Biswas
2618:Anant Laxman Kanhere
2613:Alluri Sitarama Raju
2577:Paris Indian Society
2286:Veeran Sundaralingam
2241:Tara Rani Srivastava
2176:Sahajanand Saraswati
2066:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
1951:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1856:Alluri Sitarama Raju
1813:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
1768:Sahajanand Saraswati
1688:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
1588:Indian National Army
1432:Dharasana Satyagraha
1337:Champaran Satyagraha
1187:First Anglo-Sikh War
522:as War Minister and
512:Raja Mahendra Pratap
493:Raja Mahendra Pratap
442:Raja Mahendra Pratap
375:at the onset of the
336:Johann von Bernstoff
274:Shyamji Krishnavarma
267:Champak Raman Pillai
107:(alias Chatto), and
62:Abinash Bhattacharya
54:Chempakaraman Pillai
3928:W. Somerset Maugham
3602:Bhupendranath Datta
3478:Pandurang Khankhoje
3178:Tarakeswar Sengupta
3173:Tarakeswar Dastidar
3093:Santosh Kumar Mitra
3023:Prem Krishna Khanna
2848:Jnanendra Das Gupta
2833:Jadugopal Mukherjee
2778:Gaya Prasad Katiyar
2713:Bhupendranath Datta
2271:V. K. Krishna Menon
2216:Subhas Chandra Bose
2101:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2096:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1991:Govind Ballabh Pant
1971:Dayananda Saraswati
1896:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1693:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
1673:Dhondo Keshav Karve
1668:Dayananda Saraswati
1663:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1638:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
1151:Anglo-Maratha Wars
880:8 June 2008 at the
779:Communist histories
549:February Revolution
405:Amir of Afghanistan
399:), had traveled to
397:Darul Uloom Deoband
90:Madame Bhikaji Cama
58:Jnanendra Das Gupta
42:Indian Independence
3949:Lawrence of Arabia
3933:East Persia Cordon
3816:Christmas Day Plot
3655:Bhavabhushan Mitra
3300:Christmas Day Plot
3128:Sohan Singh Bhakna
3098:Satyendranath Bosu
3058:Ramakrishna Biswas
3028:Pritilata Waddedar
2978:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh
2963:Narendra Mohan Sen
2958:Munsha Singh Dukhi
2918:Manmath Nath Gupta
2823:Hemchandra Kanungo
2818:Harnam Singh Saini
2813:Hari Kishan Talwar
2798:Hare Krishna Konar
2718:Bhavabhushan Mitra
2638:Atul Krishna Ghosh
2603:Ambika Chakrabarty
2455:Partition of India
2301:Yashwantrao Holkar
2266:V. O. Chidamabaram
2221:Subramania Bharati
2151:Rahul Sankrityayan
2136:Pritilata Waddedar
2046:Shri Krishna Singh
1946:C. Rajagopalachari
1936:Bidhan Chandra Roy
1921:Bhavabhushan Mitra
1906:Begum Hazrat Mahal
1861:Annapurna Maharana
1733:Muthulakshmi Reddy
1678:G. Subramania Iyer
1372:Christmas Day Plot
1247:Indian nationalism
1197:Sannyasi rebellion
1095:East India Company
723:Sims-Williams 1980
524:Champakaran Pillai
395:(principle of the
332:Ghadarite movement
3992:
3991:
3969:Rowlatt Committee
3740:Max von Oppenheim
3692:Ubaidullah Sindhi
3675:Atulkrishna Ghosh
3510:Baba Gurdit Singh
3431:Alipore Bomb Case
3348:
3347:
3330:Kakori conspiracy
3285:Alipore Bomb case
3063:Ram Prasad Bismil
2983:Pandit Kanshi Ram
2973:Niranjan Sengupta
2908:Madan Lal Dhingra
2838:Jatindra Nath Das
2531:Bengal Volunteers
2473:
2472:
2440:Republic of India
2276:Vallabhbhai Patel
2261:Ubaidullah Sindhi
2161:Ram Prasad Bismil
2056:M. Bhaktavatsalam
2016:Jatindra Nath Das
1941:Bipin Chandra Pal
1876:Babu Kunwar Singh
1846:Achyut Patwardhan
1603:Khudai Khidmatgar
1447:GandhiâIrwin Pact
1387:Kakori conspiracy
1347:Rowlatt Committee
1310:Direct Action Day
1272:Swadeshi movement
1252:Khilafat Movement
1242:Hindu nationalism
1202:Rebellion of 1857
1125:Anglo-Mysore Wars
1115:Battle of Plassey
789:978-93-80118-33-8
544:against Britain.
229:Max von Oppenheim
163:Max von Oppenheim
120:Madan Lal Dhingra
76:, had formed the
4027:
3806:Singapore mutiny
3702:Sufi Amba Prasad
3617:Herambalal Gupta
3592:M. P. T. Acharya
3569:Berlin Committee
3484:Hindustan Ghadar
3455:
3436:Delhi Conspiracy
3421:Anushilan Samiti
3375:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3269:Jugantar Patrika
3264:Hindustan Ghadar
3213:Veer Bhai Kotwal
3158:Suniti Choudhury
3113:Shivaram Rajguru
3083:Sachindra Bakshi
3073:Rash Behari Bose
3033:Pulin Behari Das
2948:M. P. T. Acharya
2788:Guran Ditt Kumar
2673:Batukeshwar Dutt
2653:Baikuntha Shukla
2628:Anantahari Mitra
2536:Berlin Committee
2526:Anushilan Samiti
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2465:Simla Conference
2256:Tiruppur Kumaran
2226:Subramaniya Siva
2181:Sangolli Rayanna
2171:Rash Behari Bose
2111:Nagnath Naikwadi
2021:Jawaharlal Nehru
1966:Dadabhai Naoroji
1961:Chittaranjan Das
1851:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1773:Savitribai Phule
1598:Khaksar movement
1553:Berlin Committee
1538:Anushilan Samiti
1502:Independence Day
1462:Aundh Experiment
1437:Vedaranyam March
1342:Kheda Satyagraha
1327:Singapore Mutiny
1110:Portuguese India
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477:Inayatullah Khan
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219:Berlin Committee
82:Dadabhai Naoroji
52:(alias Chatto),
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21:Berlin Committee
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3861:W. C. Hopkinson
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3687:Mahmud al-Hasan
3628:
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3563:
3495:Ghadar Movement
3456:
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3384:
3379:
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3238:Yogendra Shukla
3133:Sohanlal Pathak
3048:Rajendra Lahiri
2968:Niralamba Swami
2928:Matangini Hazra
2633:Ashfaqulla Khan
2586:
2509:
2504:
2474:
2469:
2430:Cabinet Mission
2418:
2322:British leaders
2317:
2306:Yogendra Shukla
2211:Siraj ud-Daulah
2166:Rani Lakshmibai
2156:Rajendra Prasad
2146:R. Venkataraman
2091:Mithuben Petitâ
2071:Mahadaji Shinde
2051:Lala Lajpat Rai
1886:Bahadur Shah II
1871:Ashfaqulla Khan
1841:Accamma Cherian
1836:Abul Kalam Azad
1828:
1822:
1793:Syed Ahmad Khan
1783:Sister Nivedita
1748:Pandita Ramabai
1743:Niralamba Swami
1708:J. B. Kripalani
1633:Ashfaqulla Khan
1625:
1619:
1558:Ghadar Movement
1516:
1397:Flag Satyagraha
1305:Revolutionaries
1287:
1281:
1224:
1218:
1120:Battle of Buxar
1066:
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1021:Liebau, Heike:
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882:Wayback Machine
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192:AuswÀrtiges Amt
140:
86:Lala Lajpat Rai
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17:
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3168:Tarak Nath Das
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3155:
3153:Sukhdev Thapar
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2203:
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2196:Shuja-ud-Daula
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2186:Sarojini Naidu
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2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Prafulla Chaki
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
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2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Mahatma Gandhi
2073:
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2058:
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2018:
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1713:Jyotirao Phule
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1705:
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1653:B. R. Ambedkar
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1362:Noakhali riots
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1225:and ideologies
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1219:
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1207:Radcliffe Line
1204:
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1189:
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1182:Vellore Mutiny
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1016:External links
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618:on 8 June 2008
595:
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547:Following the
528:Russian Empire
520:Maulavi Bashir
514:as president,
497:Central Powers
481:AmÄnullÄh KhÄn
473:Nasrullah Khan
416:Ottoman Turkey
350:Main article:
347:
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328:Lala Har Dayal
316:Main article:
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3801:February plot
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3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Sachin Sanyal
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:Agnes Smedley
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Vishnu Pingle
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Bhagwan Singh
3520:
3518:
3517:
3516:Komagata Maru
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Bhikaiji Cama
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:Ghadar Mutiny
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Bande Mataram
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Sri Aurobindo
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Satish Sardar
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Mahavir Singh
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Kushal Konwar
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Khudiram Bose
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Kalpana Datta
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Jiban Ghoshal
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Harigopal Bal
2806:
2804:
2803:Haridas Dutta
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Basawon Singh
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:Organizations
2512:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Satyapal Dang
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Nana Fadnavis
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Mangal Pandey
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Khudiram Bose
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Chetram Jatav
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Bhikaiji Cama
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Bharathidasan
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Basawon Singh
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Sri Aurobindo
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Ram Mohan Roy
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Narayana Guru
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:Organisations
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:Bombay Mutiny
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Indian Legion
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:1928 Protests
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:Rowlatt Bills
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
830:
817:
813:
807:
799:
795:
791:
785:
781:
780:
773:
767:, p. 474
766:
761:
759:
752:, p. 516
751:
746:
744:
737:, p. 1,3
736:
731:
725:, p. 120
724:
719:
717:
715:
713:
706:, p. 515
705:
700:
694:, p. 514
693:
688:
682:
677:
671:, p. 257
670:
665:
663:
656:, p. 251
655:
650:
644:, p. 256
643:
638:
636:
634:
617:
613:
607:
605:
603:
601:
596:
588:
586:
585:Soviet Russia
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
542:
537:
534:, and Japan.
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:British India
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
363:
359:
353:
346:Kabul mission
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
232:
230:
226:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
3979:Pan-Asianism
3900:
3896:Kirpal Singh
3841:
3794:
3788:Annie Larsen
3770:
3707:
3679:
3665:Pritam Singh
3622:
3587:A. R. Pillai
3568:
3557:
3537:Kartar Singh
3514:
3482:
3441:
3247:Publications
3208:Vanchinathan
3078:Roshan Singh
3038:P. V. Kurian
2933:Mohit Moitra
2903:Lokenath Bal
2773:Ganesh Ghosh
2758:Dinesh Gupta
2683:Bhagat Singh
2623:Ananta Singh
2551:Ghadar Party
2535:
2435:Constitution
2423:Independence
2310:
2281:Vanchinathan
1911:Bhagat Singh
1866:Annie Besant
1827:Independence
1808:Vinoba Bhave
1612:
1608:Swaraj Party
1552:
1512:Lucknow Pact
1422:Purna Swaraj
1412:Nehru Report
1319:
1223:Philosophies
1211:
1177:Polygar Wars
1105:French India
1090:Dutch Bengal
1080:Colonisation
1006:
970:
953:
936:
926:
909:
892:
838:
834:
778:
772:
730:
699:
687:
676:
649:
620:. Retrieved
616:the original
582:
553:Leon Trotsky
546:
539:
509:
489:Mahmud Tarzi
484:
470:
423:
418:to join the
413:
367:
365:
321:
271:
259:
222:
190:
175:
152:
141:
115:
113:
93:
71:
24:
20:
18:
3886:Vernon Kell
3765:Niedermayer
3645:Rash Behari
3640:Bagha Jatin
3597:Barkatullah
3532:Ram Chandra
3473:Sohan Singh
3416:India House
3193:Udham Singh
2953:Mukundi Lal
2943:Motilal Roy
2883:Kishori Lal
2868:Kalyani Das
2828:Hemu Kalani
2658:Banwari Lal
2648:Bagha Jatin
2643:Badal Gupta
2561:India House
2379:Mountbatten
2001:Hemu Kalani
1881:Bagha Jatin
1818:Vivekananda
1573:India House
1457:Act of 1935
1232:Ambedkarism
1100:British Raj
765:Hughes 2002
750:Ansari 1986
704:Ansari 1986
692:Ansari 1986
681:Dignan 1971
669:Fraser 1977
654:Hoover 1985
642:Fraser 1977
536:Galib Pasha
516:Barkatullah
501:British Raj
475:, his sons
454:Abbas Hilmi
450:Enver Pasha
446:Barkatullah
377:World War I
324:Bagha Jatin
306:Afghanistan
290:Barkatullah
213:Netherlands
209:Switzerland
138:World War I
78:India House
3999:Categories
3781:Conspiracy
3730:Zimmermann
3547:Kanshi Ram
3505:Guran Ditt
3500:Tarak Nath
3389:Background
3148:Subodh Roy
3108:Shiv Verma
2783:Gulab Kaur
2753:Deba Gupta
2678:Benoy Basu
2608:Ajoy Ghosh
2568:(Yugantar)
2409:Linlithgow
2349:Chelmsford
2339:Cornwallis
2251:Tatya Tope
2121:Nana Saheb
2026:K. Kamaraj
1976:Dhan Singh
1891:Bakht Khan
1543:Arya Samaj
1477:Quit India
1427:Salt March
1286:Events and
1262:Satyagraha
827:References
735:Seidt 2001
622:4 November
565:Habibullah
507:in Kabul.
356:See also:
276:, then in
225:Schöneberg
182:Heidelberg
178:DĂŒsseldorf
68:Background
3923:Guy Gaunt
3660:M. N. Roy
3163:Surya Sen
3143:Srish Pal
3068:Ram Rakha
3043:Rajat Sen
2793:Har Dayal
2384:Wellesley
2369:Dalhousie
2231:Surya Sen
2126:P. Kakkan
2086:Mir Qasim
2061:M. N. Roy
1996:Har Dayal
1829:activists
1658:Baba Amte
1648:Ayyankali
1626:reformers
1548:Azad Hind
1288:movements
1267:Socialism
987:0149-7952
962:0149-7952
945:0305-6139
918:0022-0094
901:0149-7952
855:0030-8684
806:cite book
798:954115551
569:Nasrullah
557:Petrograd
286:Har Dayal
171:Har Dayal
109:Har Dayal
30:âčSee Tfdâș
3795:Maverick
3681:Deobandi
3468:Hardayal
3426:Jugantar
3400:militant
2723:Bina Das
2566:Jugantar
2414:Hastings
2374:Bentinck
1593:Jugantar
1237:Gandhism
937:Bulletin
878:Archived
389:Deobandi
373:Istanbul
294:Istanbul
211:and the
3582:Champak
2334:Canning
1753:Periyar
1402:Bardoli
1170:Gwalior
1072:History
995:1433153
863:3637829
458:Khedive
381:Kashmir
298:Baghdad
148:Bengali
3881:MI5(g)
3760:Hentig
3577:Chatto
3461:Ghadar
3278:Events
2591:People
2404:Cripps
2399:Outram
2389:Lytton
2354:Curzon
2329:Wavell
1624:Social
1277:Swaraj
1160:Second
1145:Fourth
1135:Second
1025:, in:
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420:Caliph
300:, and
278:Geneva
155:Kaiser
128:Europe
60:, and
34:German
3745:Papen
2394:Clive
2364:Minto
2359:Ripon
2344:Irwin
1778:Shahu
1165:Third
1155:First
1140:Third
1130:First
991:JSTOR
859:JSTOR
591:Notes
541:jihad
462:Egypt
425:Jihad
409:Hijaz
401:Kabul
302:Kabul
132:Paris
56:, Dr
3902:Oren
3842:More
3771:More
3708:More
3623:More
3558:More
3442:More
2312:more
1614:more
1213:more
983:ISSN
958:ISSN
941:ISSN
914:ISSN
897:ISSN
851:ISSN
816:link
812:link
794:OCLC
784:ISBN
624:2007
479:and
422:'s "
383:and
360:and
296:and
288:and
199:and
186:Czar
153:The
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3793:SS
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