48:
1711:: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; No. 7), vol. II: Mittelalter (1995), pp. 105–157, here p. 119.
524:(Polabenburg) on the lower Elbe, became the focal point for opposition to Bernhard's rule. Determined to eliminate the opposition against him in his lands, he levied high taxes on rebellious territories, which led to an attack against Lauenburg and its destruction in 1182, followed by the restoration of the fortress.
558:
for his refusal to render homage, by which his lands were split between the Elbe and Or to the Empire and
Denmark. Borwin was taken into captivity by King Canute and was forced, like Nicholas, to accept his lands from the king as fiefs. After incursions of the Danes in Pomerania in 1184 and 1185,
562:
With the success of the Danes, the
Emperor in 1184 pressed for a political balance between Bernhard and his vassal. Count Adolf of Holstein kept the disputed regions, however he had to pay 700 marks to Bernhard and swear the oath of fidelity that he had earlier refused to do. Counts
489:, Bernhard's vassals soon rebelled against him and gave their support to Henry the Lion. Bernhard tried to assert his claims, thanks to the support of his brothers Otto I of Brandenburg and Siegfried, Archbishop of Bremen. At first the vassals of
464:
and, in addition, the Saxon bishops took back their fiefs. Bernhard was forced to support the
Emperor in his renewed war against Henry the Lion in 1181. In spite of his defeat, Henry the Lion was able to preserve his
655:
until the extinction of this line in 1422. On his death, aged seventy-two, Bernhard was buried beside his father Albert and several of his brothers in the Church of the
Benedictine monastery in
336:
When his elder brother Albert died without male issue in 1172, Bernhard also inherited his County of
Ballenstedt. In the same year he solicited the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in the
388:. This latter award was without real value, however, since this duchy was a radically reduced territory consisting of three unconnected parcels of land along the river Elbe: (1)
1639:
of Saxony, with its two prior dukes named
Bernhard or (2) the much smaller territorial rest of Saxony remaining after the carve-up of the old duchy in 1180 formed the so-called
581:
As Duke of Saxony, Bernhard became at the same time
Marshal of the Holy Roman empire. He asserted this important post for the first time in 1190 at the coronation of Emperor
721:
528:
564:
1691:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 383.
568:
372:
When Henry the Lion was outlawed by the
Emperor in 1180, the Reichstag also dispossessed him of his fiefs (WĂĽrzburg and the Duchies of Bavaria and Saxony). In
585:, but spoiled his good terms with the Emperor through his opposition to making the German crown hereditary in the House of Hohenstaufen. In 1198 he supported
554:, a faithful vassal of Denmark. But shortly after Bogislaw had to punish Borwin (in response to a secret order of the emperor) with the help of King
1643:, whose first duke of this name was then Count Bernhard of Anhalt. Bernhard's great-great-great-great-grandson of the same name is thus counted as
17:
546:, granted Burg Malchow by Henry the Lion in 1164, lost part of it due to his association with Bernhard. Borwin allied himself with Duke
1635:
Different counting traditions developed, following the arguments, that
Bernhard's dukedom was either (1) a successor of the old
381:
1716:
1696:
348:, which passed to him in 1173. However, a dispute over the rule of the Plötzkau lordship sparked a fierce conflict with the
269:
1204:
535:
1707:
Adolf
Hofmeister. "Der Kampf um das Erbe des Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", In:
1644:
817:
461:
337:
1809:
732:
543:
273:
617:
574:
However, after Henry's return in 1188 it came again to discussions with Bernhard, who finally lost the town of
502:
377:
470:
1346:
551:
613:
582:
908:
791:
594:
258:
872:
651:), the latter holding the unconnected two northern territories. Wittenberg remained a residence of the
542:, was a supporter of Henry the Lion like his father, and remained an opponent of Bernhard. His cousin
1869:
300:
1864:
1846:
1819:
1648:
699:
679:
667:
Bernhard married, firstly, Judith (Jutta) (b. bef. 1154 – d. aft. 12 December 1201), a daughter of
539:
169:
165:
96:
52:
Woodcut by Balthasar Mencius (Menz), 1596, showing Bernhard holding his coat-of-arms. Inscription:
412:
as his formal possession. Besides these, he also received several small territories: the towns of
1647:. Both traditions compete, more so with Bernard sometimes counted I or III, less so with his son
547:
246:
593:. Thereupon a new imperial election was held in Halberstadt and (with Bernhard's vote included)
404:. Previously the duchy had been divided, so that Bernhard could only receive the region between
1052:
1026:
322:
213:
39:
510:
441:
513:, would not accept Bernhard's lordship and became his adversary. Conflicts broke out around
1879:
1874:
1456:
555:
265:
250:
193:
1146:
8:
668:
437:
409:
376:
on 13 April 1180, Bernhard was granted the eastern part of the Welf lands, including the
318:
1084:
457:
262:
1712:
1692:
1172:
672:
605:
589:
as Emperor. Philip was killed on 21 June 1208 by Otto of Wittelsbach at Altenburg in
253:. In 1157 he was present together with his father and brothers at the funeral of the
1836:
1770:
1110:
689:
652:
586:
449:
209:
173:
145:
1829:
1652:
986:
725:
636:
627:
With his acquisition of Saxon estates, Bernhard moved his residence and court to
385:
254:
242:
183:
1746:
The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians
1689:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
1655:
was the first Saxon duke of that name between 1138 and 1142 before the carve-up.
1802:
693:
644:
571:
were also obliged to make payments. The destroyed Lauenburg had to be rebuilt.
466:
397:
353:
225:
86:
68:
59:
1858:
1755:
Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100-1250
739:
482:
349:
326:
284:
After the death of his father in 1170, Bernhard inherited the estates around
620:. So in 1211 Bernhard escorted his brother-in-law Valdemar into the city of
531:
died without surviving male issue. His possessions fell mostly to Bernhard.
514:
289:
357:
747:
656:
413:
389:
361:
294:
217:
133:
534:
Warfare involving Henry the Lion also expanded to the Slavic countries.
345:
1636:
628:
490:
486:
417:
401:
393:
373:
330:
47:
321:. These territories eventually emerged as the nucleus of the Ascanian
598:
575:
521:
498:
494:
421:
453:
440:, in addition to the ducal title of Highness, were conferred on the
506:
445:
221:
140:
590:
405:
631:. In 1260 (with effect as from 1296 on) his grandsons split the
621:
609:
509:
also swore. However, the most powerful of these vassals, Count
433:
427:
341:
310:
306:
1687:
Cordula Bornefeld. "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
364:. Bernhard nonetheless was able to confirm his possessions.
314:
1721:
1651:, who is usually counted first, although his grandfather
448:
were released from their homage to the Saxon dukes, the
224:
through his paternal inheritance. From 1180 he was also
597:
was elected on 22 September and crowned immediately in
517:, in western Holstein, but without success for Adolf.
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
493:
swore an oath of fidelity. After them, the counts of
1658:
1856:
356:that led to the destruction of Aschersleben and
241:Bernhard was the youngest of the seven sons of
1744:Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen, eds. (2017).
527:In 1183 another of Bernhard's brothers, Count
1709:Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser
460:, the Saxon Palatinate was bestowed on Count
245:, Duke of Saxony from 1138 to 1142 and first
53:
604:Otto IV, who meanwhile had fallen out with
476:
432:was only an empty title. The rich lands of
380:, which was passed on to his elder brother
1743:
1727:
731:He married, secondly, Sophia, daughter of
360:and nearly resulted in the destruction of
46:
720:1204 she became the second wife of Count
367:
261:. Two years later, Bernhard accompanied
208:1140– 2 February 1212), a member of the
706:1175 – d. 7 October / 8 November? 1260)
485:and the areas between the Elbe and the
452:was taken by the Archbishop of Bremen,
14:
1857:
1476:
1472:
1460:
1362:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1126:
1006:
1002:
990:
888:
781:
777:
773:
763:Ancestors of Bernhard, Count of Anhalt
1569:
1566:
1556:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1518:
1516:
1506:
1494:
1484:
1480:
1454:
1444:
1432:
1422:
1418:
1406:
1403:
1393:
1380:
1370:
1366:
1350:
1344:
1334:
1322:
1312:
1308:
1296:
1293:
1283:
1270:
1260:
1256:
1228:
1218:
1202:
1192:
1188:
1176:
1170:
1160:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1098:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1040:
1024:
1014:
1010:
984:
974:
961:
951:
947:
935:
932:
922:
906:
896:
892:
876:
870:
860:
847:
837:
833:
821:
815:
805:
789:
785:
662:
1752:
1675:
442:Archbishopric-Electorate of Cologne
24:
559:Bogislaw shared the same destiny.
279:
25:
1891:
818:Adalbert II, Count of Ballenstedt
228:(as Bernhard III or Bernhard I).
612:, supported the reascension of
471:Duchy of Brunswick and LĂĽneburg
378:Archbishopric of Bremen-Hamburg
1701:
1681:
1629:
624:, de facto regaining the see.
236:
13:
1:
1779:
1622:
1347:Herman I, Count of Winzenburg
717:
713:
703:
692:(d. 16 July 1244), Abbess of
683:
205:
113:
1294:12. Meginhard IV of Formbach
754:
641:Herzogtum Sachsen-Wittenberg
7:
1757:. Cornell University Press.
909:Otto I, Margrave of Meissen
792:Esiko, Count of Ballenstedt
649:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
618:Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
18:Bernard III, Duke of Saxony
10:
1896:
1766:Bernhard, Count of Anhalt
1753:Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013).
1737:
1567:7. a countess of Everstein
1474:
1466:
1356:
1250:
1246:
1120:
1004:
996:
882:
873:Otto, Count of Ballenstedt
779:
775:
552:Jaromar I, Prince of RĂĽgen
272:with his brother Margrave
1843:
1834:
1826:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1764:
1550:
1532:
1524:
1500:
1482:
1478:
1438:
1420:
1412:
1404:13. Matilda of Reinhausen
1387:
1368:
1364:
1328:
1310:
1302:
1277:
1258:
1254:
1231:Bernhard, Count of Anhalt
1212:
1190:
1182:
1154:
1132:
1128:
1092:
1070:
1062:
1034:
1012:
1008:
968:
949:
941:
916:
894:
890:
854:
835:
827:
799:
783:
189:
179:
161:
155:Judith of Greater Poland
151:
139:
120:
109:
102:
92:
82:
74:
67:
45:
38:
31:
1381:26. Eli II of Reinhausen
1271:24. Tiemo II of Formbach
700:Albert I, Duke of Saxony
680:Henry I, Count of Anhalt
616:, the papally dismissed
477:Ruling as Duke of Saxony
400:and (3) a parcel around
170:Albert I, Duke of Saxony
166:Henry I, Count of Anhalt
1641:Younger Duchy of Saxony
716:1175 – after 1206), in
548:Bogislaw I of Pomerania
420:and the Burgraviate of
249:from 1157, by his wife
247:Margrave of Brandenburg
231:
1728:Loud & Schenk 2017
1053:Magnus, Duke of Saxony
1027:Ordulf, Duke of Saxony
933:9. Adelheid of Meissen
848:17. Mathilde of Swabia
740:Landgrave of Thuringia
520:After Adolf's defeat,
396:, (2) a parcel around
368:Fall of Henry the Lion
323:Principality of Anhalt
54:
565:Bernhard of Ratzeburg
511:Adolf III of Holstein
317:rivers in the former
274:Otto I of Brandenburg
1457:Sophie of Winzenburg
962:19. Adela of Louvain
635:into the Duchies of
569:Gunzelin of Schwerin
556:Canute VI of Denmark
462:Hermann of Thuringia
402:Wittenberg upon Elbe
266:Frederick Barbarossa
251:Sophie of Winzenburg
194:Sophie of Winzenburg
669:Mieszko III the Old
410:Mark of Brandenburg
398:Lauenburg upon Elbe
319:Saxon Eastern March
157:Sophia of Thuringia
1085:Wulfhild of Norway
663:Marriage and issue
550:and Nicholas with
529:Dietrich of Werben
473:was later formed.
344:for possession of
55:ChurfĂĽrst Bernhard
1853:
1852:
1844:Succeeded by
1817:Succeeded by
1717:978-3-9801919-8-2
1697:978-3-529-02606-5
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1205:Richeza of Poland
1173:Sophia of Hungary
1147:BĂ©la I of Hungary
746:John, Provost in
709:Magnus (d. young)
606:Pope Innocent III
595:Otto of Brunswick
469:, from which the
298:and the adjacent
259:Conrad of Meissen
199:
198:
16:(Redirected from
1887:
1870:Counts of Anhalt
1827:Preceded by
1800:Preceded by
1790:
1783:
1781:
1771:House of Ascania
1762:
1761:
1758:
1749:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1656:
1633:
1111:Eilika of Saxony
769:
768:
760:
759:
719:
715:
705:
690:Sophia of Saxony
685:
653:House of Ascania
587:Philip of Swabia
444:. The counts of
426:Duke of Saxony,
210:House of Ascania
207:
174:Sophia of Saxony
146:House of Ascania
130:
128:
115:
105:
57:
50:
29:
28:
21:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1865:Dukes of Saxony
1855:
1854:
1849:
1840:
1837:Count of Anhalt
1832:
1830:Albert the Bear
1822:
1813:
1805:
1789:2 February 1212
1784:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1730:, p. xxvi.
1726:
1722:
1706:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1659:
1653:Albert the Bear
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
987:Albert the Bear
757:
686:1170 – d. 1252)
665:
637:Saxe-Wittenberg
479:
450:County of Stade
386:Duchy of Saxony
370:
292:) in the Saxon
282:
280:Count of Anhalt
243:Albert the Bear
239:
234:
214:Count of Anhalt
184:Albert the Bear
172:
168:
156:
132:
131:2 February 1212
126:
124:
103:
63:
40:Count of Anhalt
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1810:Duke of Saxony
1806:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1795:Regnal titles
1792:
1791:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1700:
1680:
1678:, p. 241.
1657:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
836:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
795:
794:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
765:
764:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
729:
728:
710:
707:
697:
687:
664:
661:
645:Saxe-Lauenburg
536:Henry Borwin I
478:
475:
467:allodial title
430:and Westphalia
424:. The dignity
369:
366:
354:Henry the Lion
325:, named after
281:
278:
238:
235:
233:
230:
226:Duke of Saxony
220:, and Lord of
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
122:
118:
117:
111:
107:
106:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
87:Henry the Lion
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
69:Duke of Saxony
65:
64:
60:Prince-elector
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1892:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
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742:with issue;
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541:
538:, the son of
537:
532:
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508:
504:
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496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Nordalbingien
474:
472:
468:
463:
459:
458:Imperial City
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
423:
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415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:Imperial Diet
334:
332:
328:
327:Anhalt Castle
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
302:
297:
296:
291:
287:
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77:
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66:
61:
56:
49:
44:
41:
37:
30:
27:
19:
1835:
1808:
1786:
1776:
1769:
1754:
1748:. Routledge.
1745:
1723:
1708:
1703:
1688:
1683:
1640:
1631:
1230:
734:
730:
675:. They had:
666:
648:
640:
632:
626:
603:
601:as Otto IV.
580:
573:
561:
533:
526:
519:
515:Dithmarschen
480:
425:
371:
335:
305:between the
299:
293:
290:Aschersleben
285:
283:
240:
201:
200:
141:Noble family
26:
1880:1212 deaths
1875:1140 births
1645:Bernhard II
748:Halberstadt
657:Ballenstedt
362:Halberstadt
295:Schwabengau
237:Early years
218:Ballenstedt
134:Ballenstedt
83:Predecessor
1859:Categories
1841:1170–1212
1814:1180–1212
1637:stem duchy
1623:References
733:Louis II,
629:Wittenberg
544:Nicholas I
491:Artlenburg
487:Baltic Sea
456:became an
438:Westphalia
418:Wittenberg
394:Otterndorf
384:, and the
374:Gelnhausen
331:Harzgerode
127:1212-02-02
1803:Henry III
1676:Lyon 2013
755:Ancestors
696:(1221–44)
647:(German:
639:(German:
599:Frankfurt
576:Bardowick
540:Pribislav
522:Lauenburg
499:Danneberg
495:Ratzeburg
422:Magdeburg
382:Siegfried
358:Gröningen
257:margrave
152:Spouse(s)
93:Successor
78:1180–1212
62:Bernhard)
1820:Albert I
1649:Albert I
735:the Iron
722:Ulrich I
712:Hedwig (
694:Gernrode
614:Valdemar
583:Henry VI
507:Schwerin
446:Holstein
408:and the
346:Plötzkau
303:Serimunt
222:Bernburg
202:Bernhard
97:Albert I
33:Bernhard
1847:Henry I
1738:Sources
591:Bamberg
406:Meissen
392:around
286:Ascaria
263:Emperor
1785:
1715:
1695:
750:(1256)
726:Wettin
673:Poland
643:) and
622:Bremen
610:Sicily
503:Luckow
454:LĂĽbeck
434:Engern
428:Angria
390:Hadeln
342:Goslar
255:Wettin
212:, was
190:Mother
180:Father
58:(i.e.
1787:Died:
1777:Born:
633:Duchy
608:over
352:duke
329:near
311:Mulde
307:Saale
270:Italy
162:Issue
104:
75:Reign
1782:1140
1713:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1203:23.
1171:11.
1145:22.
1083:21.
1051:10.
1025:20.
907:18.
790:16.
702:(b.
682:(b.
567:and
505:and
436:and
416:and
414:Aken
350:Welf
315:Elbe
313:and
232:Life
216:and
121:Died
116:1140
110:Born
1455:3.
1345:6.
1229:1.
1109:5.
985:2.
871:4.
816:8.
724:of
671:of
481:In
340:of
301:Gau
268:to
1861::
1780:c.
1660:^
738:,
718:c.
714:c.
704:c.
684:c.
659:.
578:.
501:,
497:,
333:.
309:,
276:.
206:c.
114:c.
288:(
204:(
129:)
125:(
20:)
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