811:
286:
27:
779:
137:
71:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
287:
432:, the president of the Max Planck Society, announced that Sakmann would serve as the scientific director of the Max Planck Florida Institute, the organization's biomedical research facility at
2999:
2989:
579:
Hamill, O. P.; Marty, A.; Neher, E.; Sakmann, B.; Sigworth, F. J. (1981). "Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches".
2959:
2939:
2909:
838:
57:
2954:
2974:
561:
2615:
496:
831:
2944:
2381:
847:
74:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
2969:
2934:
824:
415:
2919:
2914:
2904:
340:, the son of Annemarie (née Schaefer), a physical therapist, and Bertold Sakmann, a theater director. Sakmann enrolled in Volksschule in
2339:
2328:
2313:
2294:
2490:
313:
3004:
2994:
2924:
532:
2964:
2374:
752:
202:
377:
2465:
851:
492:
472:
297:
372:. After completing his medical exams at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, he became a medical assistant in 1968 at
325:
232:
515:
2979:
2949:
2598:
82:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2367:
632:
Betz, W.; Sakmann, B. (1971). ""Disjunction" of frog neuromuscular synapses by treatment with proteolytic enzymes".
95:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2211:
190:
565:
2929:
2227:
1492:
468:
464:
1404:
2681:
2419:
919:
1943:
2984:
2800:
2302:
2154:
2130:
414:
Afterwards (still in 1974), Sakmann returned to the lab of Otto
Creutzfeldt, who had meanwhile moved to the
1851:
794:
2607:
1054:
816:
433:
208:
726:
2795:
2731:
1831:
1612:
456:
184:
2415:
1572:
1388:
1140:
1116:
389:
237:
911:
2825:
2785:
2400:
1695:
593:
304:
in 1991 for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells," and the invention of the
280:
90:
2634:
2509:
2456:
1540:
1368:
425:. One year later, he became a full university professor at the Faculty of Biology in Heidelberg.
385:
1807:
1196:
2899:
2763:
2591:
2576:
2450:
1691:
1552:
1333:
1257:
588:
178:
1305:
2775:
2686:
1735:
1711:
1468:
1412:
1325:
1281:
1245:
1132:
1096:
422:
309:
111:
1524:
1317:
979:
2894:
2853:
2711:
1835:
1819:
1763:
1624:
1384:
1380:
1372:
679:"Effects of proteolytic enzymes on function and structure of frog neuromuscular junctions"
491:
along with Neher, with whom he had worked in Göttingen. In 1993 he became a member of the
376:, while also working as a scientific assistant (Wissenschaftlicher Assistent) at Munich's
8:
2664:
2138:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1919:
1859:
1823:
1783:
1672:
1536:
1289:
1042:
939:
883:
460:
2203:
927:
784:
2287:
2283:
2026:
1915:
1795:
1755:
1739:
1656:
1640:
1568:
1329:
1313:
1184:
1152:
1112:
810:
703:
678:
614:
345:
540:
2858:
2696:
2654:
2649:
2584:
2435:
2332:
2321:
2170:
2166:
2122:
2046:
1947:
1903:
1883:
1867:
1855:
1727:
1652:
1508:
1456:
1265:
1204:
1168:
1050:
955:
708:
659:
654:
606:
406:
373:
104:
86:
2343:
1811:
1779:
1520:
618:
2848:
2815:
2716:
2701:
2676:
2441:
2406:
2279:
2267:
2259:
2243:
2142:
1955:
1927:
1871:
1747:
1564:
1436:
1408:
1297:
1124:
1088:
1062:
867:
698:
694:
690:
649:
641:
598:
471:, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 1991, he received the
437:
2231:
1991:
2805:
2746:
2736:
2426:
2306:
2298:
2255:
2251:
2215:
2187:
2146:
2114:
2062:
1939:
1843:
1803:
1703:
1668:
1664:
1632:
1484:
1448:
1253:
1104:
947:
381:
39:
1580:
2820:
2780:
2706:
2659:
2199:
2126:
2106:
2082:
2058:
2042:
2003:
1999:
1931:
1907:
1771:
1767:
1723:
1707:
1620:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1360:
1212:
1160:
1038:
971:
2888:
2863:
2726:
2644:
2611:
2359:
2347:
2195:
2162:
2074:
1979:
1879:
1648:
1636:
1600:
1548:
1528:
1500:
1476:
1460:
1428:
1396:
1273:
963:
907:
727:"Bert Sakmann – Biographical, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991"
536:
421:
In 1990 he accepted a position at the
Faculty of Natural Science Medicine at
2790:
2721:
2629:
2496:
2317:
2271:
2219:
2110:
2086:
2070:
2050:
1751:
1719:
1596:
1512:
1496:
1480:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1176:
1164:
1144:
1023:
1015:
931:
645:
476:
397:
293:
196:
164:
2831:
2769:
2757:
2670:
846:
805:
712:
663:
610:
2868:
2751:
2741:
2639:
2473:
2391:
2183:
2098:
2094:
2007:
1983:
1891:
1556:
1352:
1269:
899:
891:
875:
480:
452:
429:
305:
301:
353:
2810:
2691:
2034:
1293:
1241:
1188:
602:
484:
393:
317:
93:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2235:
1787:
349:
337:
160:
2030:
488:
400:. In 1974, he completed his medical dissertation, under the title
357:
418:
in Göttingen. Sakmann joined the membrane biology group in 1979.
402:
255:
321:
2606:
68:
369:
361:
341:
2990:
Members of the German
National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
365:
3000:
Members of the Göttingen
Academy of Sciences and Humanities
136:
324:. Since 2008 he leads an emeritus research group at the
578:
2940:
Foreign associates of the
National Academy of Sciences
2910:
Members of the
European Molecular Biology Organization
497:
Foreign Member of the Royal
Society (ForMemRS) in 1994
2960:
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
443:
Sakmann is the founder of the Bert-Sakmann-Stiftung.
64:
352:in 1961. He studied medicine from 1967 onwards in
60:
a machine-translated version of the German article.
411:) in the Medical Faculty of Göttingen University.
2886:
581:Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
2955:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
2389:
416:Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
89:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
2975:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
2592:
2375:
832:
312:and is an Emeritus Scientific Member of the
676:
631:
2599:
2585:
2382:
2368:
839:
825:
809:
527:
525:
409:of Neural Light Adaption in the Cat Retina
135:
2945:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
702:
653:
592:
314:Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
2970:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
2935:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
755:. German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
556:
554:
552:
550:
522:
392:, where he worked in the Department of
2887:
292:; born 12 June 1942) is a German cell
203:Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
2580:
2363:
852:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
820:
493:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
473:Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience
298:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
279:
2920:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
2915:Foreign members of the Royal Society
547:
446:
326:Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology
233:Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology
20:
2905:Alumni of University College London
378:Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie
13:
331:
14:
3016:
770:
533:"Professor Bert Sakmann ForMemRS"
777:
308:. Bert Sakmann was Professor at
191:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
25:
469:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
465:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
3005:Max Planck Institute directors
2995:20th-century German biologists
2925:21st-century German biologists
745:
719:
695:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010211
677:Betz, W.; Sakmann, B. (1973).
670:
625:
572:
508:
344:, and completed the Wagenburg
101:{{Translated|de|Bert Sakmann}}
99:You may also add the template
1:
2965:University of Freiburg alumni
502:
7:
2859:Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov
1944:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
463:. In 1987, he received the
434:Florida Atlantic University
10:
3021:
518:. Jeantet. 1 October 2017.
457:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
185:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
63:Machine translation, like
2980:Max Planck Society people
2950:Scientists from Stuttgart
2841:
2622:
2504:
2489:
2464:
2449:
2434:
2414:
2399:
2017:
1682:
1343:
1141:Charles Scott Sherrington
1117:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1079:
858:
683:The Journal of Physiology
655:21.11116/0000-0001-3090-5
390:University College London
250:
246:
238:University College London
225:
218:
171:
143:
134:
127:
40:the corresponding article
2131:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
516:"Professor Bert SAKMANN"
2671:Henry Marshall Charlton
2457:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
388:. In 1971 he moved to
386:Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt
281:[ˈbɛʁtˈzakˌman]
110:For more guidance, see
2930:German Nobel laureates
2510:Nobel Prize recipients
2466:Physiology or Medicine
912:Santiago Ramón y Cajal
646:10.1038/newbio232094a0
179:W. Alden Spencer Award
2832:James Gordon Williams
2776:Andrew Clennel Palmer
2687:Nicholas Barry Davies
1413:Dickinson W. Richards
1097:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
562:"Nobel autobiography"
451:In 1986, Sakmann and
423:Heidelberg University
310:Heidelberg University
277:German pronunciation:
112:Knowledge:Translation
83:copyright attribution
16:German Nobel laureate
2985:Electrophysiologists
2854:Friedrich Hirzebruch
2712:Michael J. C. Gordon
1836:Rita Levi-Montalcini
1197:Albert Szent-Györgyi
568:on 15 December 2010.
336:Sakmann was born in
2758:Robert Michael Moor
2665:Anthony Butterworth
2228:William C. Campbell
2139:Elizabeth Blackburn
1976:Robert F. Furchgott
1968:Stanley B. Prusiner
1960:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1860:George H. Hitchings
1824:Joseph L. Goldstein
1784:Bengt I. Samuelsson
1613:Earl Sutherland Jr.
543:on 10 October 2015.
495:. He was elected a
461:Columbia University
2770:John Forster Nixon
2288:William Kaelin Jr.
2284:Peter J. Ratcliffe
2027:Leland H. Hartwell
1916:Richard J. Roberts
1796:Barbara McClintock
1740:Godfrey Hounsfield
1641:Nikolaas Tinbergen
1573:Marshall Nirenberg
1541:Charles B. Huggins
1330:Tadeusz Reichstein
1318:António Egas Moniz
1113:Christiaan Eijkman
808:on Nobelprize.org
634:Nature New Biology
603:10.1007/BF00656997
91:interlanguage link
2882:
2881:
2801:David Sherrington
2697:George Efstathiou
2655:Geoffrey Boxshall
2650:Richard Borcherds
2574:
2573:
2491:Economic Sciences
2357:
2356:
2322:Ardem Patapoutian
2171:Ralph M. Steinman
2167:Jules A. Hoffmann
2155:Robert G. Edwards
2123:Harald zur Hausen
2047:H. Robert Horvitz
1948:Eric F. Wieschaus
1884:E. Donnall Thomas
1868:J. Michael Bishop
1856:Gertrude B. Elion
1728:Hamilton O. Smith
1653:Christian de Duve
1389:Frederick Robbins
1266:Alexander Fleming
1205:Corneille Heymans
1051:Frederick Banting
956:Allvar Gullstrand
455:were awarded the
447:Awards and honors
407:Electrophysiology
384:Department under
374:Munich University
296:. He shared the
270:
269:
220:Scientific career
123:
122:
52:
48:
3012:
2849:F. Albert Cotton
2816:Richard Treisman
2717:Dennis Greenland
2702:John Edwin Field
2677:Anthony Cheetham
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2512:
2499:(United Kingdom)
2442:Aung San Suu Kyi
2407:Richard R. Ernst
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2335:
2324:
2309:
2303:Michael Houghton
2290:
2280:Gregg L. Semenza
2274:
2268:James P. Allison
2262:
2260:Michael W. Young
2246:
2244:Yoshinori Ohsumi
2238:
2222:
2206:
2204:Thomas C. Südhof
2190:
2178:
2157:
2149:
2143:Carol W. Greider
2133:
2117:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2037:
2010:
1994:
1986:
1970:
1962:
1956:Peter C. Doherty
1950:
1934:
1928:Alfred G. Gilman
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1872:Harold E. Varmus
1862:
1846:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1798:
1790:
1774:
1758:
1748:Baruj Benacerraf
1742:
1730:
1714:
1698:
1675:
1659:
1643:
1627:
1615:
1607:
1591:
1575:
1565:Robert W. Holley
1559:
1543:
1531:
1515:
1503:
1487:
1471:
1469:Georg von Békésy
1463:
1451:
1439:
1437:Joshua Lederberg
1423:
1415:
1409:Werner Forssmann
1399:
1391:
1375:
1363:
1355:
1336:
1320:
1308:
1300:
1298:Bernardo Houssay
1284:
1276:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1179:
1171:
1155:
1147:
1135:
1127:
1125:Karl Landsteiner
1119:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1089:Johannes Fibiger
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:Willem Einthoven
1057:
1045:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
989:
988:
982:
974:
966:
958:
950:
942:
934:
928:Élie Metchnikoff
922:
920:Alphonse Laveran
914:
902:
894:
886:
878:
870:
841:
834:
827:
818:
817:
813:
781:
780:
765:
764:
762:
760:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
733:. Nobel Media AB
723:
717:
716:
706:
674:
668:
667:
657:
629:
623:
622:
596:
576:
570:
569:
564:. Archived from
558:
545:
544:
539:. Archived from
529:
520:
519:
512:
438:Jupiter, Florida
428:On 2 June 2009,
291:
290:
289:
283:
278:
266:
263:
261:
259:
257:
157:
153:
151:
139:
125:
124:
102:
96:
69:Google Translate
50:
46:
29:
28:
21:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2837:
2806:Fraser Stoddart
2747:Peter McCullagh
2737:David MacLennan
2618:
2605:
2575:
2570:
2508:
2500:
2485:
2460:
2445:
2430:
2427:Nadine Gordimer
2410:
2395:
2388:
2358:
2353:
2338:
2327:
2312:
2307:Charles M. Rice
2299:Harvey J. Alter
2293:
2277:
2265:
2256:Michael Rosbash
2252:Jeffrey C. Hall
2249:
2241:
2225:
2216:May-Britt Moser
2209:
2193:
2188:Shinya Yamanaka
2181:
2160:
2152:
2147:Jack W. Szostak
2136:
2120:
2115:Oliver Smithies
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2063:Peter Mansfield
2056:
2051:John E. Sulston
2040:
2024:
2013:
1997:
1989:
1973:
1965:
1953:
1940:Edward B. Lewis
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1849:
1844:Susumu Tonegawa
1841:
1829:
1817:
1801:
1793:
1777:
1761:
1745:
1733:
1717:
1704:Roger Guillemin
1701:
1696:Daniel Gajdusek
1692:Baruch Blumberg
1689:
1678:
1669:Renato Dulbecco
1665:David Baltimore
1662:
1646:
1633:Karl von Frisch
1630:
1618:
1610:
1594:
1578:
1562:
1553:Haldan Hartline
1546:
1534:
1518:
1506:
1490:
1485:Maurice Wilkins
1474:
1466:
1454:
1449:Arthur Kornberg
1442:
1426:
1418:
1402:
1394:
1378:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1339:
1323:
1311:
1303:
1287:
1279:
1263:
1254:Joseph Erlanger
1251:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1182:
1174:
1158:
1150:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1110:
1105:Charles Nicolle
1102:
1094:
1086:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
993:
992:
986:
985:
977:
969:
961:
953:
948:Albrecht Kossel
945:
937:
925:
917:
905:
897:
889:
881:
873:
865:
854:
845:
802:
801:
800:
782:
778:
773:
768:
758:
756:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
725:
724:
720:
675:
671:
630:
626:
577:
573:
560:
559:
548:
531:
530:
523:
514:
513:
509:
505:
449:
382:Neurophysiology
334:
332:Life and career
285:
284:
276:
254:
242:
214:
167:
158:
155:
149:
147:
130:
119:
118:
117:
100:
94:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:Scott Tremaine
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Derek Robinson
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:David Pettifor
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Andrew Lumsden
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:Graham Fleming
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2660:Jeremy Brockes
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:(South Africa)
2425:
2423:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:Katalin Karikó
2336:
2325:
2310:
2291:
2275:
2263:
2247:
2239:
2223:
2207:
2200:Randy Schekman
2191:
2179:
2158:
2150:
2134:
2127:Luc Montagnier
2118:
2107:Mario Capecchi
2102:
2090:
2083:Barry Marshall
2078:
2066:
2059:Paul Lauterbur
2054:
2043:Sydney Brenner
2038:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2004:Paul Greengard
2000:Arvid Carlsson
1995:
1987:
1971:
1963:
1951:
1935:
1932:Martin Rodbell
1923:
1911:
1908:Edwin G. Krebs
1904:Edmond Fischer
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1852:James W. Black
1847:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1812:César Milstein
1808:Georges Köhler
1799:
1791:
1780:Sune Bergström
1775:
1772:Torsten Wiesel
1768:David H. Hubel
1759:
1743:
1731:
1724:Daniel Nathans
1715:
1708:Andrew Schally
1699:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1660:
1644:
1628:
1621:Gerald Edelman
1616:
1608:
1605:Julius Axelrod
1592:
1589:Salvador Luria
1585:Alfred Hershey
1576:
1560:
1544:
1532:
1521:François Jacob
1516:
1504:
1488:
1472:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1424:
1416:
1405:André Cournand
1400:
1392:
1376:
1364:
1361:Selman Waksman
1356:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1326:Edward Kendall
1321:
1309:
1301:
1285:
1282:Hermann Muller
1277:
1261:
1258:Herbert Gasser
1249:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1213:Gerhard Domagk
1208:
1200:
1192:
1180:
1172:
1169:William Murphy
1161:George Whipple
1156:
1148:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1046:
1039:Archibald Hill
1034:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
975:
972:Charles Richet
967:
959:
951:
943:
935:
923:
915:
903:
895:
887:
879:
871:
862:
860:
856:
855:
844:
843:
836:
829:
821:
815:
814:
783:
776:
775:
774:
772:
771:External links
769:
767:
766:
753:"Bert Sakmann"
744:
731:NobelPrize.org
718:
689:(3): 673–688.
669:
624:
594:10.1.1.456.107
571:
546:
521:
506:
504:
501:
448:
445:
333:
330:
268:
267:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
229:
227:
223:
222:
216:
215:
213:
212:
206:
200:
194:
188:
182:
175:
173:
169:
168:
159:
145:
141:
140:
132:
131:
128:
121:
120:
116:
115:
108:
97:
75:
72:
61:
54:
35:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3017:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Living people
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Hugh McDevitt
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Brian Launder
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Julian Davies
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Timothy Bliss
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Raymond Baker
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:Royal Society
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:(Switzerland)
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2349:
2348:Drew Weissman
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:Satoshi Ōmura
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:James Rothman
2192:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:Bruce Beutler
2159:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2075:Linda B. Buck
2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1992:Günter Blobel
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:Louis Ignarro
1977:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1920:Phillip Sharp
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:Joseph Murray
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:Stanley Cohen
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:Michael Brown
1816:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:Allan Cormack
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1712:Rosalyn Yalow
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1657:George Palade
1654:
1650:
1649:Albert Claude
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:Konrad Lorenz
1634:
1629:
1626:
1625:Rodney Porter
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1601:Ulf von Euler
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:Ragnar Granit
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1529:Jacques Monod
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1501:Andrew Huxley
1498:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Francis Crick
1473:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:Peter Medawar
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:George Beadle
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1397:Hugo Theorell
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:Thomas Weller
1382:
1377:
1374:
1373:Fritz Lipmann
1370:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1274:Howard Florey
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1153:Thomas Morgan
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:Otto Meyerhof
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
981:
980:Róbert Bárány
976:
973:
968:
965:
964:Alexis Carrel
960:
957:
952:
949:
944:
941:
936:
933:
929:
924:
921:
916:
913:
909:
908:Camillo Golgi
904:
901:
896:
893:
888:
885:
880:
877:
872:
869:
864:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
822:
819:
812:
807:
804:
803:
798:
797:
796:
790:
786:
754:
748:
732:
728:
722:
714:
710:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
665:
661:
656:
651:
647:
643:
640:(29): 94–95.
639:
635:
628:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
587:(2): 85–100.
586:
582:
575:
567:
563:
557:
555:
553:
551:
542:
538:
537:Royal Society
534:
528:
526:
517:
511:
507:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
288:
282:
274:
265:
253:
249:
245:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
156:(age 82)
146:
142:
138:
133:
126:
113:
109:
106:
98:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
55:
49:
43:
41:
36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
2874:Bert Sakmann
2873:
2830:
2791:Brian Ridley
2768:
2764:Peter Morris
2756:
2722:Kurt Lambeck
2669:
2630:David Aldous
2540:
2497:Ronald Coase
2480:Bert Sakmann
2479:
2333:Svante Pääbo
2318:David Julius
2272:Tasuku Honjo
2220:Edvard Moser
2212:John O'Keefe
2175:posthumously
2174:
2111:Martin Evans
2087:Robin Warren
2071:Richard Axel
2018:2001–present
1896:Bert Sakmann
1895:
1764:Roger Sperry
1756:George Snell
1752:Jean Dausset
1720:Werner Arber
1673:Howard Temin
1597:Bernard Katz
1581:Max Delbrück
1537:Francis Rous
1513:Feodor Lynen
1509:Konrad Bloch
1497:Alan Hodgkin
1481:James Watson
1457:Frank Burnet
1445:Severo Ochoa
1433:Edward Tatum
1421:Daniel Bovet
1334:Philip Hench
1246:Edward Doisy
1177:Hans Spemann
1165:George Minot
1145:Edgar Adrian
1133:Otto Warburg
1055:John Macleod
1024:August Krogh
1016:Jules Bordet
932:Paul Ehrlich
884:Niels Finsen
868:Emil Behring
806:Bert Sakmann
795:Bert Sakmann
793:
792:
791:profile for
788:
757:. Retrieved
747:
735:. Retrieved
730:
721:
686:
682:
672:
637:
633:
627:
584:
580:
574:
566:the original
541:the original
510:
477:Harvey Prize
450:
442:
427:
420:
413:
405:
401:
398:Bernard Katz
335:
294:physiologist
273:Bert Sakmann
272:
271:
226:Institutions
219:
197:Harvey Prize
165:German Reich
154:12 June 1942
129:Bert Sakmann
87:edit summary
78:
45:
37:
18:
2895:1942 births
2869:Erwin Neher
2786:Tony Pawson
2752:Dusa McDuff
2742:Tak Wah Mak
2640:Nick Barton
2474:Erwin Neher
2392:Nobel Prize
2184:John Gurdon
2099:Craig Mello
2095:Andrew Fire
2008:Eric Kandel
1984:Ferid Murad
1892:Erwin Neher
1804:Niels Jerne
1569:Har Khorana
1557:George Wald
1525:André Lwoff
1493:John Eccles
1381:John Enders
1353:Max Theiler
1314:Walter Hess
1306:Paul Müller
1270:Ernst Chain
940:Emil Kocher
900:Robert Koch
892:Ivan Pavlov
876:Ronald Ross
737:15 December
481:Nobel prize
453:Erwin Neher
430:Peter Gruss
306:patch clamp
302:Erwin Neher
47:(June 2022)
2889:Categories
2811:John Tooze
2692:Guy Dodson
2416:Literature
2035:Paul Nurse
1369:Hans Krebs
1294:Gerty Cori
1242:Henrik Dam
1189:Otto Loewi
1185:Henry Dale
535:. London:
503:References
485:Physiology
394:Biophysics
318:Heidelberg
150:1942-06-12
2826:Bob White
2482:(Germany)
2476:(Germany)
2401:Chemistry
2394:laureates
2236:Tu Youyou
1788:John Vane
1683:1976–2000
1344:1951–1975
1290:Carl Cori
1080:1926–1950
859:1901–1925
848:Laureates
589:CiteSeerX
380:, in the
350:Stuttgart
346:gymnasium
338:Stuttgart
161:Stuttgart
105:talk page
42:in German
2614:elected
2459:(France)
2031:Tim Hunt
619:12014433
489:Medicine
479:and the
358:Freiburg
354:Tübingen
264:/sakmann
209:ForMemRS
81:provide
2842:Foreign
2623:Fellows
2616:in 1994
2610:of the
2608:Fellows
2451:Physics
2444:(Burma)
850:of the
787:has an
785:Scholia
713:4352108
704:1350622
664:4328253
611:6270629
467:of the
322:Germany
251:Website
103:to the
85:in the
44:.
2278:2019:
2266:2018:
2250:2017:
2242:2016:
2226:2015:
2210:2014:
2194:2013:
2182:2012:
2161:2011:
2153:2010:
2137:2009:
2121:2008:
2105:2007:
2093:2006:
2081:2005:
2069:2004:
2057:2003:
2041:2002:
2025:2001:
1998:2000:
1990:1999:
1974:1998:
1966:1997:
1954:1996:
1938:1995:
1926:1994:
1914:1993:
1902:1992:
1890:1991:
1878:1990:
1866:1989:
1850:1988:
1842:1987:
1830:1986:
1818:1985:
1802:1984:
1794:1983:
1778:1982:
1762:1981:
1746:1980:
1734:1979:
1718:1978:
1702:1977:
1690:1976:
1663:1975:
1647:1974:
1631:1973:
1619:1972:
1611:1971:
1595:1970:
1579:1969:
1563:1968:
1547:1967:
1535:1966:
1519:1965:
1507:1964:
1491:1963:
1475:1962:
1467:1961:
1455:1960:
1443:1959:
1427:1958:
1419:1957:
1403:1956:
1395:1955:
1379:1954:
1367:1953:
1359:1952:
1351:1951:
1324:1950:
1312:1949:
1304:1948:
1288:1947:
1280:1946:
1264:1945:
1252:1944:
1240:1943:
1211:1939:
1203:1938:
1195:1937:
1183:1936:
1175:1935:
1159:1934:
1151:1933:
1139:1932:
1131:1931:
1123:1930:
1111:1929:
1103:1928:
1095:1927:
1087:1926:
1061:1924:
1049:1923:
1037:1922:
1022:1920:
1014:1919:
978:1914:
970:1913:
962:1912:
954:1911:
946:1910:
938:1909:
926:1908:
918:1907:
906:1906:
898:1905:
890:1904:
882:1903:
874:1902:
866:1901:
789:author
759:1 June
711:
701:
662:
617:
609:
591:
475:, the
396:under
370:Munich
362:Berlin
342:Lindau
258:.neuro
211:(1994)
205:(1991)
199:(1991)
193:(1988)
187:(1986)
181:(1983)
172:Awards
2541:1991
2436:Peace
2390:1991
615:S2CID
459:from
366:Paris
300:with
65:DeepL
2566:1996
2561:1995
2556:1994
2551:1993
2546:1992
2536:1990
2531:1989
2526:1988
2521:1987
2516:1986
2420:1991
2340:2023
2329:2022
2314:2021
2295:2020
1234:1942
1227:1941
1220:1940
1070:1925
1031:1921
1008:1918
1001:1917
994:1916
987:1915
761:2021
739:2019
709:PMID
660:PMID
607:PMID
483:for
368:and
260:.mpg
144:Born
79:must
77:You
58:View
699:PMC
691:doi
687:230
650:hdl
642:doi
638:232
599:doi
585:391
487:or
436:in
348:in
316:in
262:.de
256:www
67:or
2891::
2346:/
2342::
2331::
2320:/
2316::
2305:/
2301:/
2297::
2286:/
2282:/
2270:/
2258:/
2254:/
2234:/
2230:/
2218:/
2214:/
2202:/
2198:/
2186:/
2169:/
2165:/
2145:/
2141:/
2129:/
2125:/
2113:/
2109:/
2097:/
2085:/
2073:/
2061:/
2049:/
2045:/
2033:/
2029:/
2006:/
2002:/
1982:/
1978:/
1958:/
1946:/
1942:/
1930:/
1918:/
1906:/
1894:/
1882:/
1870:/
1858:/
1854:/
1834:/
1822:/
1810:/
1806:/
1786:/
1782:/
1770:/
1766:/
1754:/
1750:/
1738:/
1726:/
1722:/
1710:/
1706:/
1694:/
1671:/
1667:/
1655:/
1651:/
1639:/
1635:/
1623:/
1603:/
1599:/
1587:/
1583:/
1571:/
1567:/
1555:/
1551:/
1539:/
1527:/
1523:/
1511:/
1499:/
1495:/
1483:/
1479:/
1459:/
1447:/
1435:/
1431:/
1411:/
1407:/
1387:/
1383:/
1371:/
1332:/
1328:/
1316:/
1296:/
1292:/
1272:/
1268:/
1256:/
1244:/
1187:/
1167:/
1163:/
1143:/
1115:/
1053:/
1041:/
930:/
910:/
729:.
707:.
697:.
685:.
681:.
658:.
648:.
636:.
613:.
605:.
597:.
583:.
549:^
524:^
499:.
440:.
364:,
360:,
356:,
328:.
320:,
163:,
152:)
2600:e
2593:t
2586:v
2422:)
2418:(
2383:e
2376:t
2369:v
2177:)
2173:(
840:e
833:t
826:v
799:.
763:.
741:.
715:.
693::
666:.
652::
644::
621:.
601::
404:(
275:(
148:(
114:.
107:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
